Theories of International Political Economy | International Relations | Arslan Zahid Khan |
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- Опубліковано 15 кві 2022
- #CSS #ArslanZahidKhan #InternationalRelations
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Theories of international political economy provide different ways of answering the above questions. Theories show the different ways these questions have been answered by scholars and policy makers, and also allow for an assessment of how well these theories work. Below I am going to describe four leading theories. They will provide a framework through which you can analyze everything you are reading.
We’ll discuss three main bodies of theory: Economic Liberalism, Economic Nationalism, and Economic Structuralism. Economic Structuralism has two variants: Marxism and Dependency. Liberalism, Nationalism, and Dependency are capitalist theories. They all are based on the idea that creating wealth is the goal of economic activity. They differ on how that should be done. Marxism, however, is not a capitalist theory. Its argument is very different from the others: capitalism -- the creation of wealth and accumulation of profit -- is evil to Marxists.
One more thing about theory is important. Theories are models of how the world works. They are tools for analysis. You will find contradictions within the theories and aspects that don’t make sense to you. That’s good. The world is much more complex than any theory could ever illustrate, so be critical of theory and skeptical of theory.
The theories of liberalism were stated best by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations, 1776. The key to national wealth and therefore national power is economic growth. The key to economic growth is free trade - the free flow of goods and services and investment across borders. Political leaders should allow trade between nations to expand and deepen and keep government intervention in that trade down to a minimum. This means that imports (products from other nations’ companies that are sold in your nation) and exports (products from your nations’ companies that you try to sell in other countries) should flourish with as little restriction as possible.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were two German economists who created a huge body of literature outlining a theoretical critique of capitalism. The developed these theories in the mid-19th century. The best place to look for details would be in The Communist Manifesto (1848) or The German Ideology (1845). There is so much on Marxism that this essay can only scratch the surface. Remember this is an ideology that spawned political movements and revolutions that shook the world for roughly 150 years. So, this will be the short version.Marx and Engels examined advanced capitalist nations, particularly England and Prussia. These were nations in the midst of the industrial revolution - manufacturing was booming; people were working in factories; rapid urbanization had begun. To Marx and Engels this advanced capitalism divided people into several classes. For our purposes two classes are important: owners and workers, or rich and poor or haves and have-nots. Owners own everything, and have all the power, and all the money. Workers do all the work, and have no power, and no money. Marx and Engels hypothesized that one day the workers would realize that they were being exploited by the owners and rise up to overthrow the owners’ control of society. This would include overthrowing the government of the country because the government’s main purpose was to enforce owner control of society. Marx and Engels felt that this revolution - workers’ revolution or proletarian revolution - was a natural phenomenon, something that would occur naturally in any nation that reached an advanced capitalist stage. So they predicted it would happen first in England or Prussia and would not happen in more agricultural societies such as France or Russia until much later in those nations’ histories.
Dependency also argues that the rich nations exploit the poor nations. But this is not because capitalism is evil. It is because capitalism needs to be more regulated so it will be more just. The problem is that poor nations remain dependent on rich nations. Even after colonialism, when the poor nations became free, their economies remained dependent on the economies and the technology of the rich nations.
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Sir I am from India watching this video.Thank you sooo much Sir,Divided by Partition,United by Education ❤️🌟.
So informative and logical video . Lot of Love from India 🇮🇳 Assam
Love from India .... Very happy to see video by Pakistani tutor... Immense love from Indian students...❤❤❤❤
An informative and useful lecture🙏.Love from India ♥️♥️
Sir, please make a video on 'Theory Application' of IR-2, i.e. how to apply theories.
Also apply theories on some past papers IR-2 and on contemporary issues,
Share solved sample paper,
I have never heard such a well thought and comprehensive lecture on theories Ever. ... Going to check your other videos. In love with your way of teaching. Keep it up man....
mashAllah sir... very well accumulated these theories and it concepts....
Absolutely mind-blowing
wow very well explained... Really a great fan of your wisdom and explaination style... Jazakallah
Thank you, sir, for this comprehensive discussion.
Thank you sir arsalan zahid ❤
Jazakallah ❤❤
Bht e umdaa sir... What a speaker you're...
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Wow.... Beautifully explained
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Our prayers are with you
MA SHA ALLAH
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Zabardast sir kmaaal
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Sir u should make more videos ur grip on ir is very strong MashAllah.
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Love from India
Very good explanation
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sir plz upload videos on daily basis or weekly basis
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Love from India on eve of Teachers Day.
Was unable fo understand this concept.. thanks for making it simple sir❤❤
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Love from 🇮🇳
well explained. love from India
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Weldon sir
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Keep essay's videos up sir.
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Sir ek request h please videos upload krne ki frequency thori increase kijiye
Always waiting for your upcoming lectures.
Thanks for explaining things in such a simple way
You are amazing, sir. Hope so we would meet soon.
Nice lecture sir... Love from india 🤗🤗
Comrehensively eplained sir. Kinly make more suvh vieo on I.R topics.
Feminism and IR.
Thnkiu sir 🤗
आप की ये वीडियो बहूत ओंचे अस्तर पे समझ में आती है
Mann you explain everything so nicely😭😭 GOD BLESS YOU
Hello ❤
Thank you so much sir 🙏 From Assam India,
mashaAllah
Sir PDFs b provide Kara Diya karo
Sir carry on
Kindly make a video on applying of theories in IR1 and IR2
Sir please make a video on Hegemony stability theory of IPE..
Nice sir g
Aoa, sir g apne video mein Keynesian pr nhi bat ki. Ispr b bat kyjye.
Shukriya!
Sir plz make a video on how to make opinions, meine bhut teachers sey pucha hain likn wo kehtey hain k news paper read kare, likn news paper read karney sey opinions kasey build hoti hain?
sir kindly make a vedio on Keynesian Economics model
💯
Sir plz justices ka role pakistan history mein kya hai...us par vedio banein...plz sir??
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❤
Support from India ☮️
best ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
To make a vedio on daily basis is difficult brothers.🙏 It takes time to collect information.
Sir Why have u deleted ur last video???
Sir kindy IR CSS 2022 ke lye topics suggest kardy...
Sir please 🙏 ipe ki historical perspective ki ek video banaye.
Sir strategic studies k lectures hon tu plz link share kren
sir apny Pakistan ka example diya Marxist Classical theory mein k hamen koi faida nah kyu k hum koi chez produce he nhe krty, to sir Pakistan kyu nhi produce krta, yahan agriculture production hai, yahan fruits hain like mangoes jo export hoty hn, apka textile hai, to ye sab chezen to horhe hain na produce.
As a student of master degree. I would like to tell you sir please you upload videos about IR . I am from India
good
Seriously I'm political as well as history student but after watching this lecture now i vll nvr forgot.. imperialism,neo, colonialism neo etc
Imran khan has long been stressing on how we can we decrease our interdependence and come out of peripheral situation and can frame our own independent foriegn policies.
Sir plz make a video on cpec plz air sir
Book suggest kr dein sir