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7:05 I want to clarify this point for viewers. Yes, he means that material falling INTO the black hole creates an OUTWARD pressure. This is because the black hole's event horizon is extremely tiny compared to its mass, and so matter falling in becomes highly compressed. This compression leads to fusion in a region around the event horizon, and generates tons of heat which makes a strong radiation pressure OUTWARD from the black hole. This outward pressure from radiation balancing inward pressure from gravity could balance itself indefinitely until the universe expanded far enough to no longer sustain the balance and it became just a black hole.
It's the same phenomenon that make supernova explode and that's called rebound, the material becomes so dense and hot that all the matter that comes after has just no space to go through and bounds back.
In the video it is said that they're not nuclear reactions who make reach hydrostatic equilibrium in black hole stars but instead material falling into their cores, which are black holes. Your clarification indicates that there are indeed nuclear reactions happening around the event horizons of that black holes. The photons emitted from that nuclear reactions creates radiation pressure which counteracts gravity and then we finally have hydrostatic equilibrium. So now I'm confused. Do nuclear reactions make hydrostatic equilibrium or they don't?
Just commenting here to get notification from replies. I would like a clarification if its fusion or in-falling material that causes the outward pressure (at 7:05)
@@diegocabrales I think he just misspoke. When he said "rather than fusion", he meant it was different from stellar dynamics, not that the process does not involve nuclear fusion of material.
@@LuisAldamiz - Somehow, I think 4.6 billion suns would be painful, any way one would choose to measure it. Of course, once numbers get large enough (or small enough) to be unimaginable, they’re generally not painful.
Good point. My family was once watching a documentary and they mentioned an earth-like planet and they were shocked. I then went "There's tons of those. They're in like every solar system." They basically go "Lol no," then the documentary moves on and mentions how they're absolutely everywhere. They do a shocked pikachu. This was a long time ago and it was pretty funny.
To be honest, I like it when real things break our theories. When something "theoretically shouldn't exist", it makes me excited, because this is a pavement for new discoveries. That, or maybe our scientific instruments aren't advanced enough yet, it is cool either way.
Funny thing is that theoretically in this case just means that based on what we know and can apply. We can hypothesize (which most people mean when they say theorize) a lot of scenario's where it could be possible, we just dont have any evidence of that yet. A few examples: 1. Those black holes could be remnants from a previous universe, and just emerged during a big bounce. (basically, the universe collapses and that collapse brings enough energy into 1 place to cause a big bang). In that case it doesnt matter how big they are, as a universe collapsing does give the oppertunity for black holes being lightyears apart to suddenly be within merging distance. 2. Quasi-stars are currently unprovable, and even though it could explain a ton of black holes, it still wouldnt explain blackholes like TON 618 (estimated 66 billion solar masses, the size of 13 solar systems (including our heliosphere)). 3. It could be that our Universe is a blackhole too, no matter where we travel to, we travel towards the center (as everywhere is the center), in which case, black holes are basically 3d matter exploding into a 4th dimensional direction creating a new universe. None of those explanations have any evidence supporting them. Meaning that we dont know if its possible.
as a casual consumer of scientific videos especially involving space, I love your content. You always bring up interesting topics with answers to questions that I did not even think of. Keep up the awesome work!
Actually that's exactly what it means. Instead of saying: lots of growingly super-massive evidence for our theories being wrong... they say "that shouldn't exist", as Pythagoras allegedly did re. irrational numbers including the one named on his honor, Pi.
Shouldn't exist is no judgment by scientist it's the Realisation that their understanding is missing sth. That's science in essence. Science is not becoming a know-it-all its about understanding what we do not understand yet
I've always wondered if primordial gas could be collapsed straight into black-holes spiking the star fase directly you sir, have won yourself another subscriber
7:00 I blame the sweet Animal Metal shirt for subliminally causing my brain to sing a Soundgarden track when the words Black Hole Star appeared on the screen. 🤣🤣😂 🤘🏻🤣🤘🏻
I love this dude. None of my friends or family share my passion for physics and science, which makes me feel I am crazy for contemplating such academics with no practical implications for a humble salesman such as myself. Embrace the crazy!
Knowledge is power, Learning is fun! You never know but this knowledge may help you connect with a potential client! For another great resource for astronomy and physics check out David Butler on UA-cam and his series how far away is it?(astronomy) and how small is it?(physics) Cheers 😽
I can understand you. Its wery hard to discover amazing things and then there is dobady to share with. I have once explained higgs mechanism to my wife. She was very nice and patiently heared me out. Then she said, "sorry i dont think i understand this". Hovever i made a decision and i am lookin for new jobs, so i can converge my daly work to things i am interested 😁. Keep enjoying phisics, reality is the best sciencefiction😁👍
This one was well thought-out and definitely answered some black hole questions I've pondered. About halfway through had to pause because I remembered that you just moved to your new house and thinking through all the details of this kind of video would be extremely tough anytime near such a big move. Anyway, I hope you get back to visit our old fair township once in a while... well, after the fix the damn roads season is past. Love your channel.
I'd be lying if I said it's been easy. Transitions are difficult for me no matter what they are. Moving is a huge transition and moving into a house (that I'm 100% responsible for) is a lot more transition than I've ever experienced. This was the first video this year that didn't feel hectic to produce. Hopefully, that means things have finally settled down and the rest of the year will be better.
I love the animation for gravitational waves. The thought of that split second in which two singularities are the distance of a couple feet from colliding, where space and time are bent so ridiculously. Its so cool
It's the most violent thing in the universe today. Several solar masses get converted into gravitational radiation. If we could see gravitational radiation, a black hole merger would outshine the largest supernovae.
Keeping the concept of density in mind… it gets tricky to not confuse mass with weight, this means keeping the concept of gravity AND density in mind. Throw the Higgs field into the equation and you have one very confused me
I am by no means an expert on Cosmology/astrophysics but I am usually up on the bigger concepts but this "quasi - star" is a new one to me and I have to say it's an interesting idea. It's actually kind of odd to think that during that 'soupy' period of the universe's existence something wasn't happening and things were not growing out of the imperfections in the uniformity.
I'm honestly not surprised people haven't heard of it. This concept is actually new to astrophysics. The scientific papers I could find on it only go back to 2008, which is still _very_ recent for physics.
I must say, this is by far one of the most entertaining learning channels I’ve come across. I find learning anything I didn’t already know entertaining but even when I come across stuff I was already aware of, this channel is so entertaining I end up learning a lot more than what I thought I already knew. Definitely a channel worth subscribing to!
Nic Your a genius. I am 64 years old with a physics' and chem education that ended in high school. Somehow you managed to put together a video that even I could understand. Thanks. Keep it up mate.
9:25 You were holding back a lot on that one To my knowledge there are 3 black holes that have a mass greater than 50 billion solar mass upper limit. At this point everyone knows about TON 618 which tends to sit on top, and it's 66 billion solar mass figure coming from spectral analysis of H-beta emissions. But the Phoenix A quasar is one that I don't hear talked about a lot even though it could be much bigger and uses an interesting approach, much different to spectroscopic or kinematic analysis. It's probably just not an old enough method and its applicability in such an extreme case isn't known, so the 100 billion solar mass figure has too much uncertainty to it. Still though, looking at the actual paper in the astronomy and astrophysics journal, it doesn't seem too outlandish. Who knows what this might lead to, maybe there will eventually be more expounding upon the models of the early universe to explain such ultramassive giants
Black holes is where advance aliens live. And no, you can’t disprove this because no info from inside the event horizon can be attained. It is scientifically as accurate to say unicorns exist in black holes as it is to say nothing is inside the black holes.
@@caseyyeow1649 it’s a real term, ultramassive black holes is the term given to black holes larger than 10 billion solar masses, stupendously large black holes is the term given to black holes larger than 100 billion because they’re literally stupendously large when 50 billion is supposed to be the limit
I remember reading about TZOs (Thorne Zitkov Object, or something like that), where the core of a star is a neutron star while the outside is a hypergiant star.
Has anyone considered the role that dark matter might play in the formation of super-massive black Holes considering the role that dark matter plays in galaxy formation - assuming dark matter exists?
Dark matter does exist (we don't know what exactly it is but the evidence very consistently points to it being some sort of "stuff" and not a generic error in our models/theories: there are galaxies without dark matter, gravitational lensing as we know it needs of actual dark matter, etc.) and it should as you say be considered in BH modelling scenarios. I believe there's some theorization on that but I don't know enough to explain it.
I was thinking the exact same thing. But since we don't yet know what dark matter is, it difficult to credibly account for its impact to the formation of hypothesized quasi-stars.
Dark matter I think is 5X the amount of visible matter. That should be the same in the time when quasi stars form. The way they suck in whatever matter near them to form they should suck in dark matter just the same as regular clump-able visible matter. So they should be made up of possibly 5 parts dark to visible matter. Regular black holes are going to be of 99% visible matter because stars are formed from visible matter. I don’t know if it matters or how you would test it. It depends on the distribution of dark matter at the time of quasi star formation.
Congratulations on getting a proper work bench --- not that I was complaining. My main thought was "This is proof that Nick is definitely a theorist, and NOT an experimentalist." I was also a bit concerned you might hurt yourself.
Fair concern. I'm pretty clumsy. (Full Disclosure: Just after we were finished cutting the aluminum rods, that folding table collapsed and everything fell on the floor. 🤦♂️ I also go an electric saw so things go a bit faster next time.)
It always amuses me how mediocre and average our galaxy is. "Our sun is so massive, you could fit everything in the solar system inside of it several times over." "Oh wow..." "Yeah, but it's pretty average for a star. Not all that big comparitively." "Oh..." "We also have a super massive black hole in the center of the galaxy." "What? No way..." "Yeah. It's pretty tiny for a super massive black hole though." "Oh... ok..."
7:15 The Eddington limit of the BH no longer applies, as the BH is sitting in the interior of a quasi-star. However, the Eddington limit of the quasi-star still applies, regardless if you're in the early universe or not.
If the quasi-star theory was true, wouldn’t we also see evidence of intermediate black holes with 10-100 thousand solar masses, ones that never got a chance to merge or grow larger?
@@LendriMujina yes but nick explained that after the universe expanded enough, and the quasi star disappeared, the remaining black hole had around 10,000 solar masses. From that point on, the universe had expanded enough so that it couldn’t directly feed on the vacuum of space anymore, and it was now up to the black hole to merge with others and consume material to become truly supermassive. Or am I misunderstanding something?
i do think there can be more than a couple ways black holes are formed. regular 2d holes (like in your jeans) can be formed in many ways. I can assume similar events can produce 3d holes out in space
As soon as I clicked on the video, I thought about writing a comment expressing my disappointment in how long it's been since you've said, "FAST, FAST". But you said it in the vid! I'm a dork at heart and like I've said before, I don't care how many times you use that it will always make me smile.
Something similar exists (and has been likely observed) for neutron star. ie. A neutron star at the core of a red (super) giant. Those are literally metal (or at least, they have abnormal abundance of certain metallic elements like lithium and rubidium).
"we tend to find supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies" I would say we tend to find galaxies around supermassive black holes. Its the reason the galaxy formed.
Black holes don't contain the mass of the stars the devoured. They are regions of spacetime that represent the mass they devoured. That's one description. They contain the equivalent energy of the matter that fell in but it's all spacetime inside. I believe the matter is broken down behind the event horizon and becomes virtual particles. Black holes create spacetime. The singularity is the subatomic "gateway" through which the spacetime leaves the region of the black hole and becomes spacetime outside. It wells up in the voids between galaxy clusters and filaments as virtual particles that then annihilate and what is left is expanding spacetime. Kind of like dripping PVC glue into a bucket of water. That is dark energy, and it's speeding up because there are many more black holes now than in the past and they've had time to pull more mass and turn it into spacetime. That may mean that the expansion could slow down in the future. It's also a way that black holes evaporate. Not dissimilar to Hawking Radiation. Just a thought experiment I've been thinking about for the last twenty years.
Pro tip: if your hypothesis disagrees with your observations, the hypothesis is the one out of the two of them that's wrong. Supermassive black holes should exist because they do exist.
When a scientist uses the short hand "Shouldn't exist", it really means "Should not exist based on current Scientific understanding". Science is never 100% known and is constantly adjusting to new observations.
I think it's past time for science communicators and other media to retire the terms "shouldn't exist" or "shouldn't do XYZ." It's much more accurate to say "not yet explained" or "not yet understood how."
@The Science Asylum There is a big misconception about black holes. They neither need to be created from a star, nor need to be superdense objects. To cut short a long story, the Schwartzchild radius is proportionnal to the mass : Rs = 2GM / c² (where G is the gravity constant and M the mass of the black hole). But its density is Ro = k / M² (where k is a constant equal to 3 c^6 / 32 π G^3) Some examples: Mass in solar M0 / Schwarzschild radius (km) / Volumic mass in g cm-3
10^0 2,952 10^0 1,845 10^16 10^1 2,952 10^1 1,845 10^14 10^2 2,952 10^2 1,845 10^12 10^3 2,952 10^3 1,845 10^10 10^4 2,952 10^4 1,845 10^8 10^5 2,952 10^5 1,845 10^6 10^6 2,952 10^6 1,845 10^4 10^7 2,952 10^7 1,845 10^2 10^8 2,952 10^8 1,845 10^0 10^9 2,952 10^9 1,845 10^-2 10^10 2,952 10^10 1,845 10^-4 10^11 2,952 10^11 1,845 10^-6 For reminder, the volumic mass of water on earth at sea level is 1 g.cm-3. So a supermassive black hole which is a milliard (yes milliard...10^9. Billion is 10^12) times more massive than the sun, can be two hundred times less dense than water on Earth...so "just" 5 times more massive than the air you are breathing now! It may of course collapse it-self into a singularity, but at its origin, a black hole does not need to be super dense. What it needs is to be a sufficient large sphere of "not that crazy dense material" surrounded by way less dense material (or at best void). No needs to invoque super incredible primitive stars...just density variations 🙂
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wow that's awesome!
I liked your video as always
Happy Super Month! 👩🏿🦰
Blinkist makes me think of the old Cliff Notes... used them occasionally back in school.
@@-_Nuke_-
Pb
7:05 I want to clarify this point for viewers. Yes, he means that material falling INTO the black hole creates an OUTWARD pressure. This is because the black hole's event horizon is extremely tiny compared to its mass, and so matter falling in becomes highly compressed. This compression leads to fusion in a region around the event horizon, and generates tons of heat which makes a strong radiation pressure OUTWARD from the black hole. This outward pressure from radiation balancing inward pressure from gravity could balance itself indefinitely until the universe expanded far enough to no longer sustain the balance and it became just a black hole.
Thanks for the elaboration 👍
It's the same phenomenon that make supernova explode and that's called rebound, the material becomes so dense and hot that all the matter that comes after has just no space to go through and bounds back.
In the video it is said that they're not nuclear reactions who make reach hydrostatic equilibrium in black hole stars but instead material falling into their cores, which are black holes. Your clarification indicates that there are indeed nuclear reactions happening around the event horizons of that black holes. The photons emitted from that nuclear reactions creates radiation pressure which counteracts gravity and then we finally have hydrostatic equilibrium. So now I'm confused. Do nuclear reactions make hydrostatic equilibrium or they don't?
Just commenting here to get notification from replies. I would like a clarification if its fusion or in-falling material that causes the outward pressure (at 7:05)
@@diegocabrales I think he just misspoke. When he said "rather than fusion", he meant it was different from stellar dynamics, not that the process does not involve nuclear fusion of material.
It’s always cool how the universe just completely disregards what we think should and shouldn’t be possible
Right?! 🤓 I love it.
The Universe is kind of a supermassive asshole in this regard, really.
@@MarkpageBxl love this comment
"There are no black holes bigger than this."
Universe: Hold my beer.
It doesn't disregard our thought.
Our thoughts Are based on its observation and we are yet to uncover a lot of what it's hiding
You know you've been watching too many astronomy videos when hearing stuff like "4.6 billion suns" doesn't even phase you.
😆
yeah. when I heard it repeated, it was like, "waiiiit, what?"
"The universe is big, mindbogglingly big... "
"Billions and billions"...
We get used to pretty much everything as long as it's not physically painful.
@@LuisAldamiz - Somehow, I think 4.6 billion suns would be painful, any way one would choose to measure it. Of course, once numbers get large enough (or small enough) to be unimaginable, they’re generally not painful.
Good point. My family was once watching a documentary and they mentioned an earth-like planet and they were shocked. I then went "There's tons of those. They're in like every solar system." They basically go "Lol no," then the documentary moves on and mentions how they're absolutely everywhere. They do a shocked pikachu.
This was a long time ago and it was pretty funny.
To be honest, I like it when real things break our theories.
When something "theoretically shouldn't exist", it makes me excited, because this is a pavement for new discoveries.
That, or maybe our scientific instruments aren't advanced enough yet, it is cool either way.
Yes! That's actually the most exciting part!
Funny thing is that theoretically in this case just means that based on what we know and can apply. We can hypothesize (which most people mean when they say theorize) a lot of scenario's where it could be possible, we just dont have any evidence of that yet.
A few examples:
1. Those black holes could be remnants from a previous universe, and just emerged during a big bounce. (basically, the universe collapses and that collapse brings enough energy into 1 place to cause a big bang). In that case it doesnt matter how big they are, as a universe collapsing does give the oppertunity for black holes being lightyears apart to suddenly be within merging distance.
2. Quasi-stars are currently unprovable, and even though it could explain a ton of black holes, it still wouldnt explain blackholes like TON 618 (estimated 66 billion solar masses, the size of 13 solar systems (including our heliosphere)).
3. It could be that our Universe is a blackhole too, no matter where we travel to, we travel towards the center (as everywhere is the center), in which case, black holes are basically 3d matter exploding into a 4th dimensional direction creating a new universe.
None of those explanations have any evidence supporting them. Meaning that we dont know if its possible.
Great explanation, thank you for the breakdown :)
Thanks
@@hermit1358 You're welcome
@@lubricatedgoat I dont think so🤔
@@lubricatedgoat thanks
@@pufferfishaeugh1432 glad to be of service.
¡Gracias!
as a casual consumer of scientific videos especially involving space, I love your content. You always bring up interesting topics with answers to questions that I did not even think of. Keep up the awesome work!
Glad you enjoy it 🤓
"Shouldn't exist" always feels like blaming reality for our theories' failings
Damn, that is deep... And completely true.
@JZ's Best Friend Yeah, finding out how you can prove yourself wrong is a big part of a scientist's job.
Actually that's exactly what it means. Instead of saying: lots of growingly super-massive evidence for our theories being wrong... they say "that shouldn't exist", as Pythagoras allegedly did re. irrational numbers including the one named on his honor, Pi.
I think when scientists say "shouldn't exist" they mean exactly what you are saying.
Shouldn't exist is no judgment by scientist it's the Realisation that their understanding is missing sth. That's science in essence. Science is not becoming a know-it-all its about understanding what we do not understand yet
I think this might be my new favourite episode. The way concepts were linked together and scales used was perfect. 👏
Thanks!
Glad to see you back at it! It always makes me happy to see you've posted a new video.
I've always wondered if primordial gas could be collapsed straight into black-holes
spiking the star fase directly
you sir, have won yourself another subscriber
I was just thinking the same thing! I know there are theoretical "primordial black holes" but?
Probably not, because a bunch of hydrogen will always start fusing at high pressure and density and that energy will push on the incoming gas.
7:00 I blame the sweet Animal Metal shirt for subliminally causing my brain to sing a Soundgarden track when the words Black Hole Star appeared on the screen. 🤣🤣😂 🤘🏻🤣🤘🏻
Your scripts are truly brilliant. You make the fact that there are more than one of you so natural it’s amazing.
Thanks! 🤓
"fact" that there are more than one? Of course there are more than one - that's the fact!
I love this dude. None of my friends or family share my passion for physics and science, which makes me feel I am crazy for contemplating such academics with no practical implications for a humble salesman such as myself. Embrace the crazy!
Knowledge is power,
Learning is fun!
You never know but this knowledge may help you connect with a potential client!
For another great resource for astronomy and physics check out David Butler on UA-cam and his series how far away is it?(astronomy) and how small is it?(physics)
Cheers 😽
I KNOW! I can't even explain why I love it so much
I can understand you. Its wery hard to discover amazing things and then there is dobady to share with. I have once explained higgs mechanism to my wife. She was very nice and patiently heared me out. Then she said, "sorry i dont think i understand this". Hovever i made a decision and i am lookin for new jobs, so i can converge my daly work to things i am interested 😁. Keep enjoying phisics, reality is the best sciencefiction😁👍
@@tex1297 Learn on my friend!
FAST FAST!
Oh and you missed calling the black hole star as "black hole sun" by Soundgarden 😏
Amazing vid as always. Love your style and work
I don't know why, but that "fast fast" makes my day EVERY time!!!
This is my first time ever learning about quasi Stars. Extremely interesting! Love it!
"You know what else is hard?" 9:25
I thought he was talking about something else lol
This one was well thought-out and definitely answered some black hole questions I've pondered.
About halfway through had to pause because I remembered that you just moved to your new house and thinking through all the details of this kind of video would be extremely tough anytime near such a big move. Anyway, I hope you get back to visit our old fair township once in a while... well, after the fix the damn roads season is past.
Love your channel.
I'd be lying if I said it's been easy. Transitions are difficult for me no matter what they are. Moving is a huge transition and moving into a house (that I'm 100% responsible for) is a lot more transition than I've ever experienced. This was the first video this year that didn't feel hectic to produce. Hopefully, that means things have finally settled down and the rest of the year will be better.
I have heard about quasi stars before but it is now I understood them. Thank you.
Glad I could help 🤓
Your content is not only fascinating, it's also very fun to watch, and the way that you explain makes it easy to understand, unlike other channels...
I love the animation for gravitational waves. The thought of that split second in which two singularities are the distance of a couple feet from colliding, where space and time are bent so ridiculously. Its so cool
It's the most violent thing in the universe today. Several solar masses get converted into gravitational radiation. If we could see gravitational radiation, a black hole merger would outshine the largest supernovae.
Amazing video!
It's very entertaining while not being patronizingly simple or overly complex at least for myself. The skits are also superb.
"Black Hole Star" made me think of "Black Hole Sun" though I don't think that is what the song was talking about :P
This channel is my Blinkist I don’t have time to read non-colouring theoretical physics books, so this has become my best substitute.
Huge compliment 👍
It's always good to come back and check on your videos 🤘
Yep! You never know if YT just decided to stop showing them to you.
Awesome crazy. Well done for another awesome video
"It's important not to confuse mass with volume"
-Nick Lucid
Keeping the concept of density in mind… it gets tricky to not confuse mass with weight, this means keeping the concept of gravity AND density in mind. Throw the Higgs field into the equation and you have one very confused me
Top vid, love your take on these subjects
I am by no means an expert on Cosmology/astrophysics but I am usually up on the bigger concepts but this "quasi - star" is a new one to me and I have to say it's an interesting idea. It's actually kind of odd to think that during that 'soupy' period of the universe's existence something wasn't happening and things were not growing out of the imperfections in the uniformity.
i think we used to call them proto stars? or is this another class of stellar object
Black hole sun wontcha come
@@pauls5745 I think proto stars refer to things in our current epoch
@@tyranmcgrathmnkklkl now that's stuck in my head, it's like I'm back in the 90s
I'm honestly not surprised people haven't heard of it. This concept is actually new to astrophysics. The scientific papers I could find on it only go back to 2008, which is still _very_ recent for physics.
Just reading the title made me feel goosebumbs and axious. Thanks mate
"do you know what else is hard?"
me: *giggle like a six year old*
always a pleasure to see you work👍
SuperMassive Black Holes are Lucid Animals!
(Looks at Nick and his shirt)
I must say, this is by far one of the most entertaining learning channels I’ve come across. I find learning anything I didn’t already know entertaining but even when I come across stuff I was already aware of, this channel is so entertaining I end up learning a lot more than what I thought I already knew. Definitely a channel worth subscribing to!
Thanks! I'm glad you like my work.
Nic
Your a genius. I am 64 years old with a physics' and chem education that ended in high school. Somehow you managed to put together a video that even I could understand. Thanks.
Keep it up mate.
Glad I could help! 🤓
Beautifull video, keep up the great job, love your video style.
Thanks! Will do 🤓
Never heard of quasi stars before, very cool concept
Thank you !!
9:25 You were holding back a lot on that one
To my knowledge there are 3 black holes that have a mass greater than 50 billion solar mass upper limit. At this point everyone knows about TON 618 which tends to sit on top, and it's 66 billion solar mass figure coming from spectral analysis of H-beta emissions. But the Phoenix A quasar is one that I don't hear talked about a lot even though it could be much bigger and uses an interesting approach, much different to spectroscopic or kinematic analysis. It's probably just not an old enough method and its applicability in such an extreme case isn't known, so the 100 billion solar mass figure has too much uncertainty to it. Still though, looking at the actual paper in the astronomy and astrophysics journal, it doesn't seem too outlandish. Who knows what this might lead to, maybe there will eventually be more expounding upon the models of the early universe to explain such ultramassive giants
Black holes is where advance aliens live. And no, you can’t disprove this because no info from inside the event horizon can be attained. It is scientifically as accurate to say unicorns exist in black holes as it is to say nothing is inside the black holes.
They should make a new category for these behemoths and call it HYPERMASSIVE BLACKHOLES
@@justsomeguy4260 they have made a new category and it's called
"Stupendously large black holes". I'm not joking, it's a real thing.
@@HypnosisBear They are called ultramassive black holes.
@@caseyyeow1649 it’s a real term, ultramassive black holes is the term given to black holes larger than 10 billion solar masses, stupendously large black holes is the term given to black holes larger than 100 billion because they’re literally stupendously large when 50 billion is supposed to be the limit
Thanks for another great video. Your explanations gets a “chefs kiss”. Love your Animal shirt. =]
Thanks!
I think it's sweet that Nick buys all his shirts in duplicates for his clones
It gets expensive _real_ fast.
So cool! I was having a terrible week, and this video was unexpectedly a huge morale boost.
Glad I could help!
"You know what else is hard?"
Yes, physics of hardons, that's why they built the Large Hardon Collider.
It's all hydraulics in the end.
@@LuisAldamiz The lack of a comma after "hydraulics" only contributes to the joke.
Got more than I bargained for with this video, well done
I remember reading about TZOs (Thorne Zitkov Object, or something like that), where the core of a star is a neutron star while the outside is a hypergiant star.
we've only just scratched the surface and begun to look outward. im sure some really strange objects exist out there, making black holes seem ho hum
Great video! Thanks for clearing up some questions I had about black holes.
Has anyone considered the role that dark matter might play in the formation of super-massive black Holes considering the role that dark matter plays in galaxy formation - assuming dark matter exists?
It's possible. We know dark matter has mass, after all; that's literally *all* we know about dark matter. We don't know how gravy interacts with it.
Dark matter does exist (we don't know what exactly it is but the evidence very consistently points to it being some sort of "stuff" and not a generic error in our models/theories: there are galaxies without dark matter, gravitational lensing as we know it needs of actual dark matter, etc.) and it should as you say be considered in BH modelling scenarios. I believe there's some theorization on that but I don't know enough to explain it.
I was thinking the exact same thing. But since we don't yet know what dark matter is, it difficult to credibly account for its impact to the formation of hypothesized quasi-stars.
Dark matter I think is 5X the amount of visible matter. That should be the same in the time when quasi stars form. The way they suck in whatever matter near them to form they should suck in dark matter just the same as regular clump-able visible matter. So they should be made up of possibly 5 parts dark to visible matter. Regular black holes are going to be of 99% visible matter because stars are formed from visible matter. I don’t know if it matters or how you would test it. It depends on the distribution of dark matter at the time of quasi star formation.
Good job. That was interesting.
Always love when you talk about black holes 🖤
I enjoyed researching this one 🤓
@The Science Asylum It must've been a very interesting and difficult research given how little data we have on those supermassive "vacuum cleaners" 😂
At 5:48 "I do what I want."
LoL
Thumbs up just for that joke.
Who else has "Black Hole Sun" playing in their head after him saying Black Hole Star?!
Man, you know how to draw us back to your channel. I couldn't get here fast enough. Glad to see you again! 😎👍🏽✌️
Congratulations on getting a proper work bench --- not that I was complaining. My main thought was "This is proof that Nick is definitely a theorist, and NOT an experimentalist." I was also a bit concerned you might hurt yourself.
Fair concern. I'm pretty clumsy. (Full Disclosure: Just after we were finished cutting the aluminum rods, that folding table collapsed and everything fell on the floor. 🤦♂️ I also go an electric saw so things go a bit faster next time.)
Love your videos!
It always amuses me how mediocre and average our galaxy is.
"Our sun is so massive, you could fit everything in the solar system inside of it several times over."
"Oh wow..."
"Yeah, but it's pretty average for a star. Not all that big comparitively."
"Oh..."
"We also have a super massive black hole in the center of the galaxy."
"What? No way..."
"Yeah. It's pretty tiny for a super massive black hole though."
"Oh... ok..."
Its good, if sun was too big or too small then we probably wont exist .
@@iamgreatalwaysgreat8209 I get it. It's just funny. It's like we live in the generic suburbs of the universe.
We are the stars of mediocrities, yet we keep on trying … sad enough… anyway, we are great in been nothing…
@@stefaniasmanio5857 Sir/Ma'am Why your comment sounds so depressed?
@@iamgreatalwaysgreat8209 😅🤣🤣🤣🤣👍just joking… well, actually no… 😳🙄😅
Today I learned how the hearts of galaxies were born 🌀💙
7:15 The Eddington limit of the BH no longer applies, as the BH is sitting in the interior of a quasi-star. However, the Eddington limit of the quasi-star still applies, regardless if you're in the early universe or not.
Haven't seen you for a while. Nice video though.
Aren't black holes just amazing 😀
They are! They're the most extreme objects in the universe.
Awesome Video. Thanks
If the quasi-star theory was true, wouldn’t we also see evidence of intermediate black holes with 10-100 thousand solar masses, ones that never got a chance to merge or grow larger?
Not really. In the age quasi-stars would have existed, there wasn't enough space (in the most literal sense) to not get a chance.
@@LendriMujina yes but nick explained that after the universe expanded enough, and the quasi star disappeared, the remaining black hole had around 10,000 solar masses. From that point on, the universe had expanded enough so that it couldn’t directly feed on the vacuum of space anymore, and it was now up to the black hole to merge with others and consume material to become truly supermassive. Or am I misunderstanding something?
@@andrewparker318 Even then, they were still much, much closer to each other, and collisions would have happened exponentially more often at the time.
We actually see a few intermediate mass black holes ranging from several hundreds solar masses to a few tens of thousands solar masses
i do think there can be more than a couple ways black holes are formed. regular 2d holes (like in your jeans) can be formed in many ways. I can assume similar events can produce 3d holes out in space
Awesome video!
Black Hole Sun won't you come? :)
Thank you!
"you know what else is hard?" 😂😉
ayooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
That was so obvious that I had no doubt of finding it in the comments :)
As soon as I clicked on the video, I thought about writing a comment expressing my disappointment in how long it's been since you've said, "FAST, FAST". But you said it in the vid! I'm a dork at heart and like I've said before, I don't care how many times you use that it will always make me smile.
A Star made of a Black Hole... This must be the most metal thing i've ever heard. It deserves a better name than quasi-star. Something like Badasstar.
Well, there is another type that works in similar way and is even named similarly, it's quasar and it does exist.
Something similar exists (and has been likely observed) for neutron star. ie. A neutron star at the core of a red (super) giant. Those are literally metal (or at least, they have abnormal abundance of certain metallic elements like lithium and rubidium).
Agreed. Quasi-Star is a terrible name.
How about ‘black-star’
Soundgarden star!
Love your videos u make it interesting thank you!
Glad you like them! 🤓
Your dialogue always motivate me "It's okay to be little crazy"
He emphasizes on little
Well, you have my sub thanks to this video. I`m very curious about next movies that You will create. Take care and big "Hi" from Poland ;)
"we tend to find supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies" I would say we tend to find galaxies around supermassive black holes. Its the reason the galaxy formed.
More on the..."RIGHT NOW!" Thats was brilliant! ❤
Black holes don't contain the mass of the stars the devoured. They are regions of spacetime that represent the mass they devoured. That's one description. They contain the equivalent energy of the matter that fell in but it's all spacetime inside. I believe the matter is broken down behind the event horizon and becomes virtual particles. Black holes create spacetime. The singularity is the subatomic "gateway" through which the spacetime leaves the region of the black hole and becomes spacetime outside. It wells up in the voids between galaxy clusters and filaments as virtual particles that then annihilate and what is left is expanding spacetime. Kind of like dripping PVC glue into a bucket of water. That is dark energy, and it's speeding up because there are many more black holes now than in the past and they've had time to pull more mass and turn it into spacetime. That may mean that the expansion could slow down in the future. It's also a way that black holes evaporate. Not dissimilar to Hawking Radiation. Just a thought experiment I've been thinking about for the last twenty years.
7:02 missed the perfect opportunity for a soundgarden reference
Pro tip: if your hypothesis disagrees with your observations, the hypothesis is the one out of the two of them that's wrong.
Supermassive black holes should exist because they do exist.
When a scientist uses the short hand "Shouldn't exist", it really means "Should not exist based on current Scientific understanding". Science is never 100% known and is constantly adjusting to new observations.
I think it's past time for science communicators and other media to retire the terms "shouldn't exist" or "shouldn't do XYZ." It's much more accurate to say "not yet explained" or "not yet understood how."
@The Science Asylum
There is a big misconception about black holes.
They neither need to be created from a star, nor need to be superdense objects.
To cut short a long story, the Schwartzchild radius is proportionnal to the mass : Rs = 2GM / c² (where G is the gravity constant and M the mass of the black hole).
But its density is
Ro = k / M² (where k is a constant equal to 3 c^6 / 32 π G^3)
Some examples:
Mass in solar M0 / Schwarzschild radius (km) / Volumic mass in g cm-3
10^0 2,952 10^0 1,845 10^16
10^1 2,952 10^1 1,845 10^14
10^2 2,952 10^2 1,845 10^12
10^3 2,952 10^3 1,845 10^10
10^4 2,952 10^4 1,845 10^8
10^5 2,952 10^5 1,845 10^6
10^6 2,952 10^6 1,845 10^4
10^7 2,952 10^7 1,845 10^2
10^8 2,952 10^8 1,845 10^0
10^9 2,952 10^9 1,845 10^-2
10^10 2,952 10^10 1,845 10^-4
10^11 2,952 10^11 1,845 10^-6
For reminder, the volumic mass of water on earth at sea level is 1 g.cm-3.
So a supermassive black hole which is a milliard (yes milliard...10^9. Billion is 10^12) times more massive than the sun, can be two hundred times less dense than water on Earth...so "just" 5 times more massive than the air you are breathing now!
It may of course collapse it-self into a singularity, but at its origin, a black hole does not need to be super dense.
What it needs is to be a sufficient large sphere of "not that crazy dense material" surrounded by way less dense material (or at best void).
No needs to invoque super incredible primitive stars...just density variations 🙂
I love the way you had Skeptical Clone giving you that laser eyed stare 🤣
Love this guy!
7:02 _♫ Quasi-star, won't you come, and wash away the space, quai-star, quasi-star, quasi-staaar ♫_
I have recently known about quasi stars and here it is!
Great video
Good one !
0:50 wow ididnt know that before.thx
When I watch this guy I feel like a kid learning these stuff for the first time.
That's wonderful! 🤓
Thank you.
Black hole sun means so much more now
Amazing
Beautiful video 🙂👍
Thanks!
"Supermassive blackholes shouldn't be possible"
Uranus: _Nervous Sweating_
7:00 Is this what Soundgarden meant by Black Hole Sun?
Solid!
Top KEK!
ah, yes, another great video! thank you!
Black holes power stars?
Science asylum is definitely an appropriately named channel.
Nightmarish legal dispute just coming to a close... This was the perfect antidote: always remember THE BIG PICTURE.
Thanks.
Awesome!
That Blinkist thing actually sounds lika a pretty good idea.
Thanks
Nick,same name as me. And super funny yet informative lol