The best part about an entropy-based big bang is that given infinite time, there's no reason it shouldn't happen again eventually. It makes the heat death of the universe less morbid, seeing it as a part of a cycle instead of the end of everything
It's worse than that. ;) This isn't limited to "happening". Everything that can exist exists. Every conceivable mathematical object. Our 4-D space-time continuum being just one of them.
Not quite. Consider Liouville's constant. It is irrational and transcendental, its decimal expansion is infinite and non-repeating but it never contains any digits other than a 0 or a 1. You will never find a 2 in Liouville's constant, no matter how far you search.
@@flyingpenandpaper6119 i would argue this does not invalidate the statement. A 2 appearing in Louisville constant would appear under the list of things that can’t happen.
I don't care if I'm a Boltzmann brain so long as my memory continues to stimulate my mind with "other" people to live alongside. MY BOLTZMANN BRAIN IS SUPPORTED BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU, THANK YOU.
I do often wonder, if human brains being potentially quantum entangled masses means we are all linked kind of. Not in a spiritual sense, this goes far beyond that. In a sense that each brain is linked somehow.
exurb1a I understand all your videos about dealing with anxiety but one of the worst kind of anxiety is caused by existential crisis like these aaaah am I a boltzman brain?should I even cater to this thought?Help me
What's the probability that a portion of my hard disk bits rearrange themselves into a complete Half Life 3 program ? At this point I'm feeling that I would have to wait less time than waiting for Valve to produce it...
I've always assumed Ego from Guardians of the Galaxy 2 was supposed to be a Boltzmann Brain. I mean, they even show him literally as a brain that popped into existence.
I always thought gods in mythical stories, like Chaos the first primordial god in Greek mythology, were Boltzmann Brains. All of a sudden, "nothing" had a conscious
The other possibility I've heard a lot is that Ego was the brain originally inside the severed Celestial head that eventually became Knowhere and that he didn't so much pop into existence as lose his memory of who he was before his traumatic injury.
Reminds me of the time I got really really high and thought the only thing that existed was my apartment; everything outside was just something I had imagined.
I actually considered the possibility of this when I was a child, and it terrified me, because if everything suddenly came into existence with all human memories, etc. then it is possible that everything could suddenly go out of existence in the same way... so I stopped thinking about it. But it still sometimes occurs to me. And each time it does, I am disturbed and try not to think about it... until the next time. It's a haunting idea. Literally. It haunts me.
Also, thank you for providing an intermediate level science to the masses program. Don't dumb it down! My brain hurts in all the right ways when you folks are presenting difficult material at a slightly more advanced level.
I love how, in order to have an honest and thorough conversation about our brain's consciousness, we must also draw from our understanding of the nature and origin of the universe.
“Curiously enough, the only thing that went through the mind of the bowl of petunias as it fell was Oh no, not again. Many people have speculated that if we knew exactly why the bowl of petunias had thought that we would know a lot more about the nature of the Universe than we do now.” -Douglas Adam, Hitchhikers Guide this just seems fitting
As interesting as this series is, I'm most fascinated with seeing the growth and subtle evolution of your beard, and the additional air of authority it grants you.
Cool. There's a possibility that my brain hallucinated all of this universe and all the people in this universe. That would explain the stupidity of it all! lol
And that probability has just been crossed off, why? I decided to reply to you, and even though you may think that this comment may still be considered a fraction of your imagination, behind this comment is a very real person
mythiccyno You can’t really prove that. Through the lenses of my reality I could say that both of you are figments of my mind lmao. But that’s absurd. Can you prove that the universe along with all of your memories weren’t created 5 seconds ago?
@@MnemonicHeadTrip it doesnt really matter at the end of the day, does it? since it doesnt affect anything after all, so while no, i cannot prove it, i dont really need to
Sir James This Boltzman brain did cone into existence remembering said statement and remembered a single tear rolling down its imagined cheek prior to remembering posting this comment.
Firefly is _15_ freaking years old, only ever had 14 episodes, and people are still making references to it that they expect a lot of people to get (and they do). I played yet another new board game based on it this weekend. Screw Fox - they took a show that could have made them a fortune and ran it into the ground for lack of understanding. But we're still flyin'.
I was once walking around on acid and kept "waking up into reality." I kept thinking what kind of existence might I have been in a second or two ago. I'm pretty sure this Boltzmann guy must have had a similar experience.
Really late response. I did acid for the first time some weeks ago and remember that my consciousness just ceased to exist for some time, and I appeared in the bathroom. It was one of the most unexplainable things that's ever happened to me. Is this similar to what you're talking about?
Nunchucks All drugs can be good or bad in specific scenarios, I was heavily addicted to weed my first semester of college failed most of my classes and had some pretty severe mental health issues. First time I tried acid it woke me up and made me realize how I was ruining my life, I stopped smoking for sometime and got my life back on track. Acid saved my life, don’t listen to the stigmas that it’s always “scary” or “dangerous” it can be very beautiful and very therapeutic.
@@colecool3946 Yea I'm sure it can and it was for me but for some reason everybody seems to think that smoking weed is totally fine and normal. I don't see how. Too many people are becoming like what you described, severe potheads. I know kids who can't sleep without weed
I know this is supposed to be entertaining and educational, but finals are next week and an existential crisis isn't exactly what I need at the moment.
My son and I had a discussion similar to this a few weeks ago. We were pondering how our brains are connected to everything else on the quantum level, which, to tell the truth, sounds rather 'Matrix-y". I kept calling it the 'Akashic" field for lack of a better term. I find it fascinating.
Speaking of econ, I just watched this movie on the 08 crisis and how corrupt academic economics is.. you should totally watch it too.. vebup.com/inside-job Oh and look up "junk economics" by Micheal Hudson and "Debunking Economics" by Steve Keen.
But the theory also says something about the probable energy that you can actually be. Because such energy you lack, you cannot be Bill Gates. But at infinite you are.
This is definitely among my top 5 favorites from Space Time! A lot of info that is often missed in daily conversations is neatly packed here. If pointing to videos on UA-cam effectively coerced my opponents, it'd be this one.
I think the problem with this idea, is that it assumes that the probability of a brain arising through evolutionary processes is low enough that it allows spontaneous boltzman brains to be more probable. There is an idea that local complex structures arise spontaneously, and will tend to increase in complexity as long as they are in a system which is far from equilibrium, and as long as this this increase in complexity leads to an increase in flux. Examples of this phenomenon include convection cells, hurricanes, whirlpools, and life itself. If we incorporate this idea, then brains are likely to arise as a byproduct of low entropy situations, where the ambient environment is far from equilibrium. It seems to me, that if this is the case, the probability of producing a brain through this process should be much higher then the possibility of one arising spontaneously arising, even if the probability of a spontaneous brain is higher than that of a spontaneous galaxy or universe. For a much more scientifically rigorous account of the basis behind this line of thinking, check out this paper. They do not talk about brains, but it is a very interesting look at the relationship between complexity and entropy. It also looks at open systems which are far from equilibrium, something which classical physics neglects, but which describes both ourselves and the planet on which we live. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0895717794901880
If you have only finite time to create brains through evolutionary processes, and infinite time to create spontaneous Boltzman brains, it's very easy to assume that there is a higher probability of the latter. I think you have to show that the integral of the probability with respect to time as t→∞ is finite for your argument to work, but I do like that you came up with it.
It's not that probability of spontaneous brain is higher than the probability of a brain being created by evolution. It is that spontaneous brain is extremely more probable than spontaneous Big Bang which creates a Universe, that in turn allows an evolution that would create a brain. Evolution assumes the Big Bang already happened.
What does it say about the universe that we can in fact get particles to do our bidding? We know this is true, we are using a computer -Seth Lloyd The universe allows computation at a "fundamental" level... Basically at all levels... In a variety of ways... Luck?
What’s funny is this quote is closely related to Boltzmann brains, the person who said it thought the only certainty was that they exist, as all else could be an “evil demon making them believe something”
Ben Slater Was your rude and hateful comment necessary? In my opinion, no it was not necessary. What facts do you have to base this assumption that he is an idiot? I don’t see any facts unless you personally know Cosmonaut outside of this UA-cam comment. So if that’s the case then the facts I’ve found state that you’re the only idiot here for calling Cosmonaut an idiot without any justifiable facts. Have a good day sir.
If I'm a Boltzmann Brain, I'll make a prediction: I will cease to exist in the next few minutes with extremely high probability. I'll let you know how that turns out.
But I can test for that possibility too. I estimate the probability that I would form with that memory due to chance alone. It's extraordinarily small (there are many more other possible memories that don't seem a priori disfavored in any way). It's much more likely that I would form _without_ such a memory, so I reject that hypothesis using the same criterion used to falsify hypotheses in almost every scientific field. When the fine folks at the LHC said that they detected a new particle, "five sigma", what they mean is that a signal just as strong as the observation they made would show up due to chance with a probability of 1 in 3.5 million. That's exactly the same type of criterion that I'm using here, so Boltzmann brains are not unfalsifiable -- they're bona fide falsified, unless we're willing to treat the hypothesis differently than we do every other hypothesis in science.
The Boltzmann brain is a good reason to take the Copernican and Anthropic principles with a grain of salt because it shows there's a quality vs. quantity issue with the assumptions. Sure the Boltzmann brain may have fewer assumptions overall than continuous consciousness, but qualitatively those assumptions are far more drastic. Perhaps we should amend Occam's Razor. "The answer with the fewest assumptions is best" isn't exactly correct. "The answer with the lowest (Number of Assumptions * Average Assumption Extremity) is the most consistent with our current knowledge." But then you wind up with heated debates over what is and isn't an extreme assumption; we can quantify assumptions. We can't qualify assumption extremity nearly as well.
For once I'm actually impressed by something someone said about simulation theory. Those are exactly the applications of the analysis of Boltzmann Brain's which should have been deployed in the analysis of Simulation Theory, and that was the exact approach to use in analyzing THAT idea, which is absurdly misrepresented as "probable". People just don't metathink enough.
Before I knew what a Boltzmann brain was, I had an experience on mushrooms that brought me to the idea that I was a disembodied consciousness in a void that imagined all of my memories.. mind blown by this theory
it was by tom scott, and it was that if there are tons of fast moving/randomly moving objects on screen like snow or confetti, it had to allocate more bitrate just to the motion instead of the detail of what you're actually looking at.
Cluckery Duckery On any rate ;) this show is awesome and although spacetime/modern physics is definitely cool, but the sporadic classical physics episodes are just as good. I watch from the beginning, and one of the best episodes is the one on how Tides really work, with Gabe. I can only hope the budget cuts doesn't affect the show. #ILovePBS
I'm not so interested in spontaneously arising intelligence, no, what worries me most when I observe the world around me is spontaneously arsing stupidity.
Enthropy did not emerge as a concept related to the amount of information in something. It instead emerged naturally in the investigation of physics behind engines, things like Carnot's Cycles and what not.
One is nothing without the other, they may not touch but they are still the same operative unit, they interact via the gasoline that is injected between them.
According to quantum mechanics, it is possible, but exceedingly unlikely, for a complex object to spontaneously form out of nothingness - from the empty void itself. It is technically possible for an entire brain to spontaneously emerge from the void as well, and if that happens it is called a Boltzmann brain. Many scientists assume that it is far more likely for a Boltzmann brain to spontaneously appear, than it is for an entire big bang to emerge from the void. This is because they reason that a single brain is obviously less complex than the entire universe itself. However, it is actually not more probable for a Boltzmann brain to appear, than it is a big bang. What determines the probability that something will spontaneously emerge from the void? It is the complexity of that thing - the amount of information needed to describe the state. If all the energy of the universe is in a singularity, then it is in a homogeneous high-energy density state, and it requires almost no information at all to describe it. It's a very simple state. It is as simple as a completely expanded universe that has reached a homogeneous low-energy density. The only difference is the scale of these two states. There is more space in the expanded universe, and no space in the singularity. However, once a complete homogeneous state has been reached, then space and time no longer have any meaning because relativity ends when there is no more differentiation between one thing and another - there is no way to tell which way is up, down, left, or right, or how fast anything is moving. Everything is moving at the same speed and direction, and so it is equivalent to nothing moving at all. A singularity by itself also has nothing else to relate to but itself, and so it doesn't have any determinable size in the absence of matter, separation, and relativity. Relativity only begins after the big bang occurs, and then from that perspective it seems as if the singularity was very tiny, but only in a relative manner. And so the completely expanded state of a universe is actually equivalent to the singularity state that existed before the big bang. That means once the universe has completely expanded and reached complete thermal equilibrium, the "size" of the universe, and all other relative measurements no longer make any sense, and so the universe is now in a state that is equivalent to the singularity that existed just before the big bang occurred, and so the very next logical step after that maximally expanded homogeneous state is for another big bang to occur. Even if that wasn't true, the completely expanded universe would still be far more likely to spontaneously generate a big bang than even one Boltzmann brain. In fact, a big bang would be far more likely to spontaneously emerge than even a single hydrogen atom, because even one single hydrogen atom is much more arbitrary than the singularity that existed just before the big bang. If something is more arbitrary, then it is more complex and it requires more information to describe that state. In other words, more information is required to differentiate that state from any other possible state. If the universe exists in the simplest possible state that it can, then it doesn’t require any explanation or reason for being in that state because it is already the least arbitrary state. It couldn’t possibly be any simpler than that, and so it is trivially obvious as to why it isn’t any simpler than that - it can’t be. However, if the universe exists in one particular arbitrary state of higher complexity, then you have to explain why it exists in that particular state rather than any other similarly complex state that it could be in. You have to explain where the hydrogen atom is located, what orientation it is in, and how fast it is moving, and all of that requires information. For the infinite singularity that existed before the big bang, you don’t have to specify when and where it exists, or how fast it is moving, or how many particles it has, or the orientation of those particles. Since it is the only thing that exists, and that energy is completely undifferentiated, then it has no definable speed, location, or individual particles, and it requires no information to describe the state that it is in (or the least possible amount of information). Measurements only make sense if there is differentiation between one thing and another. Let's say that it would take 100 trillion years for the simplest possible thing to manifest spontaneously from the void of empty space. If the big bang itself is the simplest possible thing that can spontaneously emerge, then you would expect one to occur every 100 trillion years or so. Let's say that it would take 100 quadrillion years for a single hydrogen atom to emerge spontaneously. If the life span of a universe is typically only one trillion years or so, then there will be essentially nothing but empty space for 99 trillion years until the next big bang spontaneously emerges. The point is that a new big bang would emerge from the void far sooner than even a single atom would. And from the perspective of the maximally expanded universe at thermal equilibrium, that 99 trillion years would actually happen in the blink of an eye - it would take no time at all because there is no more differentiation, relativity, space, or time. Even a single atom requires more information to describe it than an infinite singularity of pure energy. That atom has a proton made of quarks and other subatomic particles, and an electron. It's a highly arbitrary state. In some universes, there may be no hydrogen atoms at all, but other things entirely. But if all the energy of the universe exists as pure undifferentiated energy within a singularity, then that is a very simple state and it requires the least possible amount of information to describe it, as compared to all other states. So, even a finite universe with one atom is far more complex and arbitrary than a singularity consisting of an infinite amount of pure undifferentiated energy. It is similar to how the number 3.4286 is more arbitrary and complex than infinity itself. The concept of zero is the sum of all possible numbers and things, and so it actually the highest possible infinity. Zero is also the simplest possible state, even though it is the sum of all possible things. So it contains all of the rich potential infinite complexity of existence within it, but since no particular part of itself is being differentiated, singled-out, or described, then it takes no information to describe it. Paradoxically, the individual pieces of infinity require information to describe them, but the unbroken wholeness of infinity does not require any information. The zero-point doesn’t need a name in order to be what it is, and it doesn’t exist in relation to anything else, since it is the only thing that exists. Yet in the absence of anything else, infinity does not exist and cannot know itself. And if it does not exist, then it is nothingness, which is simply the concept of zero. That is why infinity requires no information to describe it, because it is indeed nothing. Nothingness contains everything, and is better thought of as infinity itself. Nothingness is infinite potential, and that is why anything can spontaneously emerge from the void, because the void already eternally contains all possibilities within it - every possible reality, dimension, universe, and idea. The infinite void/singularity eternally contains everything that has ever existed, everything that will ever exist, and all consciousness including your own. That is another reason why you cannot cease to exist, because even your consciousness itself is a piece of infinity, and without that piece it would no longer be infinity - and that would be impossible. If your consciousness suddenly forever ceased existing within the infinite void, then the infinity would suddenly have to explain itself. It would not be arbitrary. Infinity would have to explain why all other possible things eternally exist - except for you. It would have to explain why you alone are so special, out of all the ideas and things that are contained within it. Suddenly it would require an infinite amount of information to describe itself, instead of requiring no information to describe itself. Because if you didn’t eternally exist within it, or if infinity was missing any possibility, then infinity would have to be defined as everything except that one missing piece. And the only way that would be possible is to define infinity as being everything except for “X”. But if “X” doesn’t exist, then you can’t use “X’ in that definition. If you use “X” in the definition, then you are indirectly implying the existence of “X”. So the only way that infinity could be missing your consciousness as an eternal part of itself, is for infinity to have to then define every single part of itself that wasn’t you. It would require more information to explain itself than it actually was, and it would collapse under its own weight. It would no longer be infinitely simple and requiring no information - it would now be infinitely complex and require infinite information, and it would need a reason as to why it existed in an arbitrary state. Not only would you need an infinite amount of information to describe it, but it would require an explanation and it would need a “cause”. (read part 2 posted above)
Really long but good comment. I agree with you (and Lawrence Krauss.) It's totally mathematically (and probably really) possible for "something" to come out of "nothing" aka the Big Bang.
Ever since I've been learning about these theories I have seriously been experiencing a massive dip in entropy. Pretty soon I will be a mummy with my face pressed up against a window scaring passers-by.
10:17 i was geniuenly freaked out... Like a real trip impulse in my brain that existence is shifting,it held me for a second. I took 1 ear bud out of my ear and was about to throw my phone away.. Jesus Christ that was scary
@@isaacm4159 Even with infinities - probabilistic *ratios* remain even if the number of those items are themselves infinite. eg Px=0.1, Py=1 in an infinite system. This gives that Event y is 10 times more common than event x. The number of each are infinite but one is 10 times more common than the the other. Good old infinity defies normal commonsense.
@@TalismancerM Im not good at math so it's hard for me to understand. I imagine you're right though, although I guess it doesn't even matter if we are a brain or not.
@@isaacm4159 Not a lot...maybe a few generations down the line it might matter when we're corralling galaxies as fuel for black holes to extend our species lifetime billions of years....
This channel is so wonderful. When astrophysics somehow finds an intersection with philosophy, and you eloquently nerd out about it for ten minutes, that makes for some pretty great content!
Captn-Spaulding / Loves, Matt O’Dowd ! Sows seeds in the mind with every delivery of his Quantum perspective. Could listen and watch Matt’s delivery for hours! Cheers !!
I've been thinking about this myself. If particles can randomly pop into and out of existence, and if time is infinite, then some time long after heat death a version of myself with all my current memories perhaps with a container of air around me will pop into existence eventually. This fucks with me because imagine what it would be like to be that version of myself. Just randomly existing in emptiness only to die soon after.
Maximum Entropy is a pretty weird Stephen King film. Set in a future where the moon, asteroids, and other planets just decide they've had enough of humanity and stage a revolt.
The video is really great. I just don't really get how entropy works with gravity. So when talking about our universe you have to consider gravity and then equally distributed gas becomes a state of low entropy not high entropy, right? A huge amount of gas will collapse on its own gravity if it's not perfectly even distributed. Small microscopic changes will make it unstable. Which is what happened in our universe. So when including gravity the formation of galaxies does increase the entropy, doesn't it? You can change positions of stars or galaxies all you want and the universe looks still the same. Now when considering the heat death of the universe, this obviously only happens if we have an universe that will expand forever which seems to be the case. But then I don't understand why gravitationally bound systems would dissipate. Doesn't this heat death just mean the highest entropy state is an empty universe? Because due to the expansion, at some point everything will be isolated from other things so you can't transfer energy at all?
eventually, in a dark, empty universe a set of speakers playing "never gonna give you up" WILL pop into existence out of the low chance of particles randomly lining up to form said set of speakers and the universe will have rick rolled itself.
(9:36) Well, if the fluctuation was in a quantum field, maybe a 'simple' fluctuation (low complexity) is far more likely than a complicated one. Is it really more likely to fluctuatie into a brain with billions of neurons and billions of connections (atoms in trillions of combinations), than it is to fluctuate into just one single huge energy spike with some basic laws of nature, which allowed for brains to evolve later? My feeling is that the latter is actually more probable, thereby making Boltzmann brains very very very unlikely.
Jan van der Gaag Agreed, but given infinite time, a Boltzmann brain is inevitable. Sure, before the first Boltzmann brain comes into existence there will be a huge huge number of other objects created, but eventually a Boltzmann brain will come into existence. Over time all possible versions of Boltzmann brains will exist, separately and also together.
Why do you assume that entropy will always increase in the universe? As you mentioned at some point, it always increases in a closed system. Is our universe a closed system? Also there was a recent hypothesis that Dark Energy is "created" from violations of the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Maybe there is a link here?
I think the universe is assumed to be a closed system because we haven't witnessed anything entering our universe from the outside. If evidence to the contrary arrives that assumption will change.
By definition, the universe is a closed system. And if we discover that our universe isn't a closed system, we'd just expand the definition of universe to include whatever was outside of the universe as a part of the universe. An example of this in practice was that the entire universe was at one point our solar system. Then we discovered our solar system was a part of a galaxy, which added the entire galaxy into the definition of the universe. No other galaxies were known at that time, leading to us to think our galaxy was the entire universe. Then we discovered other galaxies, and they were included into the definition of the universe. Etc.
Call me crazy but ever since I was like 8, I had this feeling at times that nothing was real, you know...that everything existed for me...my friends or my family or everyone and everything else were parts of my imagination...These thoughts would come into my mind when I'd be waiting for the school bus or doing any common task...anyone else experience this?
Faraz Bhat , Wow like you were the only one the whole universe was made for and you would live for ever and nobody else mattered and you were the ONE ,Mmmmmm NO!!!.
Very good explanation! To me, the Bolzmann-Bain is similar to Descart's Deus malugnus- the evel god, who makes him think that he exists. His approch was to say: "I' m thinking, so I must exist!"
But particles want to increase their entropy and are always in change, so a Boltzmann brain may exist for an infinitely short period time all the way to an infinitely long period of time depending on the perspective.
@@jenm1 When we can't find the absolute value for the magnitude of something, we use infinite as a placeholder in cases such as when we say the universe could be infinitely big and a singularity could be infinitely small, but it contradicts other theories. Yes, it could be a Planck time.
The best part about an entropy-based big bang is that given infinite time, there's no reason it shouldn't happen again eventually. It makes the heat death of the universe less morbid, seeing it as a part of a cycle instead of the end of everything
heat death is less likely than a billion boltzmann brains forming.
Cold death is infinitely more likely.
K-pax
I think that's why it's so easy to believe and why we need to be cautious when believing it. It just feels good in addition to not being falsifiable
Isn't that more terrifying? Stuck in a perpetual loop of destruction?
I love how with infinity anything that can happen will happen.
It's worse than that. ;) This isn't limited to "happening". Everything that can exist exists. Every conceivable mathematical object. Our 4-D space-time continuum being just one of them.
I will be back! Somewhere, some time.
Not quite. Consider Liouville's constant. It is irrational and transcendental, its decimal expansion is infinite and non-repeating but it never contains any digits other than a 0 or a 1. You will never find a 2 in Liouville's constant, no matter how far you search.
I don’t think this is necessarily true if the possibilities of things that can happen is nonfinite
@@flyingpenandpaper6119 i would argue this does not invalidate the statement. A 2 appearing in Louisville constant would appear under the list of things that can’t happen.
Human: “Are you a Boltzmann brain?”
Boltzmann brain: “Are you?”
Human?: “.......”
*cue VSauce Music*
@@ezekiel7061 underrated comment.
Your smart quotes are on.
Yeah
It's impossible to know what can't know
God is like a Boltzmann brain, his son is Jesus.
I don't care if I'm a Boltzmann brain so long as my memory continues to stimulate my mind with "other" people to live alongside. MY BOLTZMANN BRAIN IS SUPPORTED BY VIEWERS LIKE YOU, THANK YOU.
Wrong, you are support8ng my boltzmann brain.
No, you're the one supporting my Boltzmann Brain.
I do often wonder, if human brains being potentially quantum entangled masses means we are all linked kind of. Not in a spiritual sense, this goes far beyond that. In a sense that each brain is linked somehow.
Amazing as always, you bloody Browncoats.
exurb1a I understand all your videos about dealing with anxiety but one of the worst kind of anxiety is caused
by existential crisis like these aaaah am I a boltzman brain?should I even cater to this thought?Help me
anjuli chaudhary the video you just watched says you're not
Also ILY exurb1a
hi there
exurb1a checked out your SoundCloud... the rocket song almost made me inhale my food. lmao
U: Are u a boltzmann brain?
Me: I've been called worse
Think I'm gonna need to put bolts in my brain if I watch this video any further.
Haha that’s good
@@RichMitch fuck you pseudo intellectual rubber duckie bitch
@@niro56 Is there context?
@@tyranttitanium5721 nope
I liked this video, statistically speaking.
I like the Chinese, statistically speaking
Aesthetically speaking
Moonz97 lol
@@chiyokoChan69 ah-
I'm just a random arrangement of particles with the simulated memory that i wrote this comment
What's the probability that a portion of my hard disk bits rearrange themselves into a complete Half Life 3 program ?
At this point I'm feeling that I would have to wait less time than waiting for Valve to produce it...
Lmfao
Mood
Amen
I've always assumed Ego from Guardians of the Galaxy 2 was supposed to be a Boltzmann Brain.
I mean, they even show him literally as a brain that popped into existence.
That's exactly what I thought when I watched it!
I just thought he reminds me of half the guys who live in Newport Beach.
oh yeh I always thought villains with brains were boltmann brains
I always thought gods in mythical stories, like Chaos the first primordial god in Greek mythology, were Boltzmann Brains. All of a sudden, "nothing" had a conscious
The other possibility I've heard a lot is that Ego was the brain originally inside the severed Celestial head that eventually became Knowhere and that he didn't so much pop into existence as lose his memory of who he was before his traumatic injury.
It's astronomically unlikely that I am typing this comment, so I'd say it's safe to assume that I haven't.
aelolul it’s even less likely(theoretically)for me to reply to your impossible comment
I would like to like this comment, but then it would no longer have *forty-two* likes.
i think this comment has 50 likes but i'm gonna safely assume that it doesn't
@@illuminticonfirmed6248: Indeed, probabilistically speaking, there are far fewer ways to be x than ~x.
But you did. So there, you have left verifiable evidence to others that you are not a boltzman brain.
Thank god I didn't manifest as a bowl of petunias again
I've been looking for just one person who thought the same thing.
I feel the same, I always manifest as a tardigrade in a universe filled with constantly looping vapirwave music.
It does not matter how you manifest: if you are truly that bowl of petunias, a petty human named Arthur Dent will kill you accidentally.
Bill Malcolm ... *Again*???
Or a whale... HELLO GROUND
Did you just call me a Boltzmann Brain? You're a Boltzmann Brain.
thx man
Reminds me of the time I got really really high and thought the only thing that existed was my apartment; everything outside was just something I had imagined.
Ironically enough, how can you prove it isn't? :P
I actually considered the possibility of this when I was a child, and it terrified me, because if everything suddenly came into existence with all human memories, etc. then it is possible that everything could suddenly go out of existence in the same way... so I stopped thinking about it. But it still sometimes occurs to me. And each time it does, I am disturbed and try not to think about it... until the next time. It's a haunting idea. Literally. It haunts me.
I thought I was the only one who had these types of existential crises as a kid
@@darkpotato6577 Judging by the number of replies to my comment, I guess it's just the two of us.
Nah me too
you three are part of a larger population of people that have experienced this, as I am also had this occur within myself :)
Same here. It's actually happening right now lol
This guy so smart when he farts at one point in time a boltzmann brain is generated just briefly.
well, if the multiverse exists and it is infinite, he exists in one where that will happen.
Brain Fart
Best comment! Hahaha
The Kinetic Theory of Gases
...but is immediately annihilated by an anti-boltzman brain...
Also, thank you for providing an intermediate level science to the masses program. Don't dumb it down! My brain hurts in all the right ways when you folks are presenting difficult material at a slightly more advanced level.
I love how, in order to have an honest and thorough conversation about our brain's consciousness, we must also draw from our understanding of the nature and origin of the universe.
“Curiously enough, the only thing that went through the mind of the bowl of petunias as it fell was Oh no, not again. Many people have speculated that if we knew exactly why the bowl of petunias had thought that we would know a lot more about the nature of the Universe than we do now.”
-Douglas Adam, Hitchhikers Guide
this just seems fitting
Wow, my Boltzmann Brain is really going the extra mile to wake me up to the *true* reality.
As interesting as this series is, I'm most fascinated with seeing the growth and subtle evolution of your beard, and the additional air of authority it grants you.
timwins31 If you look like that, then I could understand why he kick you.
The Boltzmann Beard?
+timwins31 trust me, its your face not the beard
@timwins31 if you need a beard to feign authority, you deserve neither
@@SamTheEnglishTeacher nice. Pile on the beardless nerd !!
Cool. There's a possibility that my brain hallucinated all of this universe and all the people in this universe. That would explain the stupidity of it all! lol
Lmao. That reminds me of last Thursdayism.
And that probability has just been crossed off, why? I decided to reply to you, and even though you may think that this comment may still be considered a fraction of your imagination, behind this comment is a very real person
mythiccyno
You can’t really prove that. Through the lenses of my reality I could say that both of you are figments of my mind lmao. But that’s absurd. Can you prove that the universe along with all of your memories weren’t created 5 seconds ago?
@@MnemonicHeadTrip it doesnt really matter at the end of the day, does it? since it doesnt affect anything after all, so while no, i cannot prove it, i dont really need to
What if you’re a hallucinated subconscious consciousness inside someone else’s hallucination? Praise our lord Haruhi I say
It's as if millions of Firefly nerds cried out in joy then suddenly burst into tears...
I died a little.
Sir James This Boltzman brain did cone into existence remembering said statement and remembered a single tear rolling down its imagined cheek prior to remembering posting this comment.
Two gin-scented tears...
Firefly is _15_ freaking years old, only ever had 14 episodes, and people are still making references to it that they expect a lot of people to get (and they do). I played yet another new board game based on it this weekend. Screw Fox - they took a show that could have made them a fortune and ran it into the ground for lack of understanding. But we're still flyin'.
Firefly wasn't as popular when it was on TV. It gained popularity after it was dropped. Quite like a lot of cult classics.
Spenny: Why do you always have to break my stuff?
Kenny: ... Entropy.
I prefer Kenny vs Benny myself.
I randomly configured my atoms into a state of low entropy in order to get to work today.
"...But if that arrangement did happen, it would give us the big bang" I wept.
Ive always had a difficult time comprehending the idea of entropy, but Matthew explains it perfectly here. Thank you!
I was once walking around on acid and kept "waking up into reality." I kept thinking what kind of existence might I have been in a second or two ago. I'm pretty sure this Boltzmann guy must have had a similar experience.
Really late response. I did acid for the first time some weeks ago and remember that my consciousness just ceased to exist for some time, and I appeared in the bathroom. It was one of the most unexplainable things that's ever happened to me. Is this similar to what you're talking about?
Nunchucks All drugs can be good or bad in specific scenarios, I was heavily addicted to weed my first semester of college failed most of my classes and had some pretty severe mental health issues. First time I tried acid it woke me up and made me realize how I was ruining my life, I stopped smoking for sometime and got my life back on track. Acid saved my life, don’t listen to the stigmas that it’s always “scary” or “dangerous” it can be very beautiful and very therapeutic.
@@colecool3946 Yea I'm sure it can and it was for me but for some reason everybody seems to think that smoking weed is totally fine and normal. I don't see how. Too many people are becoming like what you described, severe potheads. I know kids who can't sleep without weed
That's how I felt with edibles
@Nunchucks if i talk i can recall alot of stuff. Just categorise
firefly. ouch right in the feels.
I know this is supposed to be entertaining and educational, but finals are next week and an existential crisis isn't exactly what I need at the moment.
My son and I had a discussion similar to this a few weeks ago. We were pondering how our brains are connected to everything else on the quantum level, which, to tell the truth, sounds rather 'Matrix-y". I kept calling it the 'Akashic" field for lack of a better term. I find it fascinating.
You mean The Akashic records Mysteries of the universe type stuff?
@@Desponiaa I was only calling it that because I didn't know an accurate term to really call it.
watching this and studying for econ at the same time. regardless of what my brain is, i think im breaking it.
studying is for idiots.
shayson1357 studying is for those of us smart enough to know we're idiots.
Gideon Jones ningen
Gideon Jones Wise words.. lol
Speaking of econ, I just watched this movie on the 08 crisis and how corrupt academic economics is.. you should totally watch it too..
vebup.com/inside-job
Oh and look up "junk economics" by Micheal Hudson and "Debunking Economics" by Steve Keen.
That last half-line at 10:20 would make a great pre-drop dubstep sample.
in theory I could turn into Bill Gates in the next second.
Edit: I did!
give me money pls?
But the theory also says something about the probable energy that you can actually be. Because such energy you lack, you cannot be Bill Gates. But at infinite you are.
@@Xanixade so technically my fart can be infinitely stinking?
You're not fooling anyone. You've clearly turned into Alan Tudyk.
what were you doing with Epstein ?????
This is definitely among my top 5 favorites from Space Time!
A lot of info that is often missed in daily conversations is neatly packed here.
If pointing to videos on UA-cam effectively coerced my opponents, it'd be this one.
AMONG US!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
For approx. the first five minutes I thought "well this is known stuff, nothing new and exciting here..."
Then came 4:59 and my mind was blown..
One of the best titles for a video I've ever seen on UA-cam. How could I not click?
I think the problem with this idea, is that it assumes that the probability of a brain arising through evolutionary processes is low enough that it allows spontaneous boltzman brains to be more probable. There is an idea that local complex structures arise spontaneously, and will tend to increase in complexity as long as they are in a system which is far from equilibrium, and as long as this this increase in complexity leads to an increase in flux. Examples of this phenomenon include convection cells, hurricanes, whirlpools, and life itself. If we incorporate this idea, then brains are likely to arise as a byproduct of low entropy situations, where the ambient environment is far from equilibrium. It seems to me, that if this is the case, the probability of producing a brain through this process should be much higher then the possibility of one arising spontaneously arising, even if the probability of a spontaneous brain is higher than that of a spontaneous galaxy or universe.
For a much more scientifically rigorous account of the basis behind this line of thinking, check out this paper. They do not talk about brains, but it is a very interesting look at the relationship between complexity and entropy. It also looks at open systems which are far from equilibrium, something which classical physics neglects, but which describes both ourselves and the planet on which we live. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0895717794901880
Good comment.
If you have only finite time to create brains through evolutionary processes, and infinite time to create spontaneous Boltzman brains, it's very easy to assume that there is a higher probability of the latter.
I think you have to show that the integral of the probability with respect to time as t→∞ is finite for your argument to work, but I do like that you came up with it.
SCIENCE BITCH!
It's not that probability of spontaneous brain is higher than the probability of a brain being created by evolution.
It is that spontaneous brain is extremely more probable than spontaneous Big Bang which creates a Universe, that in turn allows an evolution that would create a brain.
Evolution assumes the Big Bang already happened.
ES458 sigh
What if all of existence is one Boltzmann brain experiencing separate aspects of itself.
Sounds a lot like Eastern mysticism
Uncle Ben sounds like the spirit in Hegel
*GOD.*
It's reassuring to me that the experiences should continue to happen as long as the universe exists.
What does it say about the universe that we can in fact get particles to do our bidding?
We know this is true, we are using a computer -Seth Lloyd
The universe allows computation at a "fundamental" level...
Basically at all levels...
In a variety of ways...
Luck?
"I think therefore I am (a Boltzmann brain)..."
Billie would low-key say that though
What’s funny is this quote is closely related to Boltzmann brains, the person who said it thought the only certainty was that they exist, as all else could be an “evil demon making them believe something”
THAT explains the ghost in my attic!!
So this is why objects move
that firefly references hit me right in the feels.
I have seen so many arguments like this online, but yours is the only one I feel really hit the nail on the head.
Within 27 seconds I was already rethinking my existence.........................................good vid
cosmonaut then you should rethink your intelligence because your an idiot.
Ben Slater Was your rude and hateful comment necessary? In my opinion, no it was not necessary. What facts do you have to base this assumption that he is an idiot? I don’t see any facts unless you personally know Cosmonaut outside of this UA-cam comment. So if that’s the case then the facts I’ve found state that you’re the only idiot here for calling Cosmonaut an idiot without any justifiable facts.
Have a good day sir.
If I'm a Boltzmann Brain, I'll make a prediction: I will cease to exist in the next few minutes with extremely high probability.
I'll let you know how that turns out.
Nope, still here! Boltzmann brain hypothesis falsified.
Vacuum Diagrams but how do you know right now you're not a Boltzmann brain that just formed a moment ago with pre existing memory?
Vacuum Diagrams Boltzmann brain isn't falsifiable which means it's not worth much scientifically but worth a lot philosophically.
But I can test for that possibility too. I estimate the probability that I would form with that memory due to chance alone. It's extraordinarily small (there are many more other possible memories that don't seem a priori disfavored in any way). It's much more likely that I would form _without_ such a memory, so I reject that hypothesis using the same criterion used to falsify hypotheses in almost every scientific field.
When the fine folks at the LHC said that they detected a new particle, "five sigma", what they mean is that a signal just as strong as the observation they made would show up due to chance with a probability of 1 in 3.5 million. That's exactly the same type of criterion that I'm using here, so Boltzmann brains are not unfalsifiable -- they're bona fide falsified, unless we're willing to treat the hypothesis differently than we do every other hypothesis in science.
Vacuum Diagrams agreed
Space Time has to be one of the best shows on UA-cam. Please keep up the awesome work!
The Boltzmann brain is a good reason to take the Copernican and Anthropic principles with a grain of salt because it shows there's a quality vs. quantity issue with the assumptions. Sure the Boltzmann brain may have fewer assumptions overall than continuous consciousness, but qualitatively those assumptions are far more drastic.
Perhaps we should amend Occam's Razor. "The answer with the fewest assumptions is best" isn't exactly correct. "The answer with the lowest (Number of Assumptions * Average Assumption Extremity) is the most consistent with our current knowledge." But then you wind up with heated debates over what is and isn't an extreme assumption; we can quantify assumptions. We can't qualify assumption extremity nearly as well.
For once I'm actually impressed by something someone said about simulation theory. Those are exactly the applications of the analysis of Boltzmann Brain's which should have been deployed in the analysis of Simulation Theory, and that was the exact approach to use in analyzing THAT idea, which is absurdly misrepresented as "probable". People just don't metathink enough.
This is what simulation theory is though.
Before I knew what a Boltzmann brain was, I had an experience on mushrooms that brought me to the idea that I was a disembodied consciousness in a void that imagined all of my memories.. mind blown by this theory
"So, you're telling me there's a chance." - Dumb and Dumber
Wow. This vid will keep me up at night for the rest of my life.
My gut started hurting when listening to this.
I wish i could see whats inside a black hole without dying but thats a very WARPED idea.
You tried.
Ops! Using so many random-moving objects in a video makes any compression algorithm lazy. Momentarily, you did look like a you had a Boltzmann face ;)
Gustavo Valdiviesso shiit i just watched a video about that a few days ago. had something to do with snow I think...
Gustavo Valdiviesso nice catch. i was thinking what does he mean... and why are we now attempting to hide the host's identity
BMAN488877 Thanks, I guess? :P
it was by tom scott, and it was that if there are tons of fast moving/randomly moving objects on screen like snow or confetti, it had to allocate more bitrate just to the motion instead of the detail of what you're actually looking at.
Cluckery Duckery On any rate ;) this show is awesome and although spacetime/modern physics is definitely cool, but the sporadic classical physics episodes are just as good. I watch from the beginning, and one of the best episodes is the one on how Tides really work, with Gabe. I can only hope the budget cuts doesn't affect the show. #ILovePBS
This is the reason why I love thermodynamics.
It has so many interesting topics.
I like living in a reality where I can enjoy your content. :)
Mel Theofficegamergirl
how do know that you live in reality?
can you prove it.
JASS is me, define 'reality.'
which reality? How do YOU define reality? :D
Mel Theofficegamergirl stop ripping off Stephen Hawkins
4:35 -You see, THIS is why we need immortality tech.
Does the Boltzmann Brain concept sound to anyone else like a physical version of Descartes "cogito ergo sum"?
No, I don't know what that means but I've seen scarface if that counts. I thought it was pretty good as a film tbh
Not really, why?
@@shaunsurname8275 I think therefore I am.
@@tarekwayne9193 "joo want dis? Ohh kaay! Say hallo to ma liddle frien".......see, better
Given that the original quote was closer to "I exist...as a thinking *thing*", it's amazingly close.
Oh shit, this is heavy.... I feel like a universe that just collapsed in on itself.
I'm not so interested in spontaneously arising intelligence, no, what worries me most when I observe the world around me is spontaneously arsing stupidity.
Lmao me too, mate.
Scientists think that Boltzmann morons are vastly more common than Boltzmann brains.
you mean trump supporters?
I hear you brother... its sometimes disheartening to think about it. Seriously just reading news saps out my motivation for the day.
It'd help if your songs had more than one verse though.
just a few seconds of explanation on thermo dynamics and now i understand more about it than by hearing similar words from my past professor.
4:22 doesn't that mean that the thermal death of the universe wouldn't actually be a death?
Yes! It just means inactive for a long time.
There probably was a billions of these universes, their thermal deaths and unimaginable timespans of nothingness before new Bigbangs...
Had shirts made that said "I fought entropy and entropy won" ;)
Is there any conceivable way to mechanically measure "entropy" levels, or is it just a convenient theory that explains observed effects?
Get an entropy meter, plug it in, turn it on, measure the entropy. Job done
Go to Wikipedia, search statistical physics.
Enthropy did not emerge as a concept related to the amount of information in something. It instead emerged naturally in the investigation of physics behind engines, things like Carnot's Cycles and what not.
Yes. Examine the change in energy as temperature increases. Heat capacity is a direct measure of entropy when the volume is held constant.
Had to watch it 3 times to understand it well. As always a awesome episode !
I literally just came across this concept for the first time two weeks ago and wanted to know more.
Kai Widman ii
Alexander Whyte cute!
I came across it 10 minutes ago
Same here.
Kai Widman I have been aware of it for quite awhile. It is a very plausible concept that is rather mind-boggling
Awesome, let's apply this to transrelativistic gradients now!
The gas ain't in the piston. It's in the cylinder. Nerds.
Stephen Lewis haha. Just like how engineers call on the welders like me to fix and build their mistakes lol
Stephen Lewis was that a farting joke /dogfart
Factually correcting physicists is so goddamnfucking satisfying.
Doesn't the piston include the cylinder? At least in common language does, nerds.
One is nothing without the other, they may not touch but they are still the same operative unit, they interact via the gasoline that is injected between them.
According to quantum mechanics, it is possible, but exceedingly unlikely, for a complex object to spontaneously form out of nothingness - from the empty void itself. It is technically possible for an entire brain to spontaneously emerge from the void as well, and if that happens it is called a Boltzmann brain. Many scientists assume that it is far more likely for a Boltzmann brain to spontaneously appear, than it is for an entire big bang to emerge from the void. This is because they reason that a single brain is obviously less complex than the entire universe itself. However, it is actually not more probable for a Boltzmann brain to appear, than it is a big bang. What determines the probability that something will spontaneously emerge from the void? It is the complexity of that thing - the amount of information needed to describe the state. If all the energy of the universe is in a singularity, then it is in a homogeneous high-energy density state, and it requires almost no information at all to describe it. It's a very simple state. It is as simple as a completely expanded universe that has reached a homogeneous low-energy density. The only difference is the scale of these two states. There is more space in the expanded universe, and no space in the singularity. However, once a complete homogeneous state has been reached, then space and time no longer have any meaning because relativity ends when there is no more differentiation between one thing and another - there is no way to tell which way is up, down, left, or right, or how fast anything is moving. Everything is moving at the same speed and direction, and so it is equivalent to nothing moving at all. A singularity by itself also has nothing else to relate to but itself, and so it doesn't have any determinable size in the absence of matter, separation, and relativity. Relativity only begins after the big bang occurs, and then from that perspective it seems as if the singularity was very tiny, but only in a relative manner. And so the completely expanded state of a universe is actually equivalent to the singularity state that existed before the big bang. That means once the universe has completely expanded and reached complete thermal equilibrium, the "size" of the universe, and all other relative measurements no longer make any sense, and so the universe is now in a state that is equivalent to the singularity that existed just before the big bang occurred, and so the very next logical step after that maximally expanded homogeneous state is for another big bang to occur. Even if that wasn't true, the completely expanded universe would still be far more likely to spontaneously generate a big bang than even one Boltzmann brain. In fact, a big bang would be far more likely to spontaneously emerge than even a single hydrogen atom, because even one single hydrogen atom is much more arbitrary than the singularity that existed just before the big bang. If something is more arbitrary, then it is more complex and it requires more information to describe that state. In other words, more information is required to differentiate that state from any other possible state. If the universe exists in the simplest possible state that it can, then it doesn’t require any explanation or reason for being in that state because it is already the least arbitrary state. It couldn’t possibly be any simpler than that, and so it is trivially obvious as to why it isn’t any simpler than that - it can’t be. However, if the universe exists in one particular arbitrary state of higher complexity, then you have to explain why it exists in that particular state rather than any other similarly complex state that it could be in. You have to explain where the hydrogen atom is located, what orientation it is in, and how fast it is moving, and all of that requires information. For the infinite singularity that existed before the big bang, you don’t have to specify when and where it exists, or how fast it is moving, or how many particles it has, or the orientation of those particles. Since it is the only thing that exists, and that energy is completely undifferentiated, then it has no definable speed, location, or individual particles, and it requires no information to describe the state that it is in (or the least possible amount of information). Measurements only make sense if there is differentiation between one thing and another. Let's say that it would take 100 trillion years for the simplest possible thing to manifest spontaneously from the void of empty space. If the big bang itself is the simplest possible thing that can spontaneously emerge, then you would expect one to occur every 100 trillion years or so. Let's say that it would take 100 quadrillion years for a single hydrogen atom to emerge spontaneously. If the life span of a universe is typically only one trillion years or so, then there will be essentially nothing but empty space for 99 trillion years until the next big bang spontaneously emerges. The point is that a new big bang would emerge from the void far sooner than even a single atom would. And from the perspective of the maximally expanded universe at thermal equilibrium, that 99 trillion years would actually happen in the blink of an eye - it would take no time at all because there is no more differentiation, relativity, space, or time. Even a single atom requires more information to describe it than an infinite singularity of pure energy. That atom has a proton made of quarks and other subatomic particles, and an electron. It's a highly arbitrary state. In some universes, there may be no hydrogen atoms at all, but other things entirely. But if all the energy of the universe exists as pure undifferentiated energy within a singularity, then that is a very simple state and it requires the least possible amount of information to describe it, as compared to all other states. So, even a finite universe with one atom is far more complex and arbitrary than a singularity consisting of an infinite amount of pure undifferentiated energy. It is similar to how the number 3.4286 is more arbitrary and complex than infinity itself. The concept of zero is the sum of all possible numbers and things, and so it actually the highest possible infinity. Zero is also the simplest possible state, even though it is the sum of all possible things. So it contains all of the rich potential infinite complexity of existence within it, but since no particular part of itself is being differentiated, singled-out, or described, then it takes no information to describe it. Paradoxically, the individual pieces of infinity require information to describe them, but the unbroken wholeness of infinity does not require any information. The zero-point doesn’t need a name in order to be what it is, and it doesn’t exist in relation to anything else, since it is the only thing that exists. Yet in the absence of anything else, infinity does not exist and cannot know itself. And if it does not exist, then it is nothingness, which is simply the concept of zero. That is why infinity requires no information to describe it, because it is indeed nothing. Nothingness contains everything, and is better thought of as infinity itself. Nothingness is infinite potential, and that is why anything can spontaneously emerge from the void, because the void already eternally contains all possibilities within it - every possible reality, dimension, universe, and idea. The infinite void/singularity eternally contains everything that has ever existed, everything that will ever exist, and all consciousness including your own. That is another reason why you cannot cease to exist, because even your consciousness itself is a piece of infinity, and without that piece it would no longer be infinity - and that would be impossible. If your consciousness suddenly forever ceased existing within the infinite void, then the infinity would suddenly have to explain itself. It would not be arbitrary. Infinity would have to explain why all other possible things eternally exist - except for you. It would have to explain why you alone are so special, out of all the ideas and things that are contained within it. Suddenly it would require an infinite amount of information to describe itself, instead of requiring no information to describe itself. Because if you didn’t eternally exist within it, or if infinity was missing any possibility, then infinity would have to be defined as everything except that one missing piece. And the only way that would be possible is to define infinity as being everything except for “X”. But if “X” doesn’t exist, then you can’t use “X’ in that definition. If you use “X” in the definition, then you are indirectly implying the existence of “X”. So the only way that infinity could be missing your consciousness as an eternal part of itself, is for infinity to have to then define every single part of itself that wasn’t you. It would require more information to explain itself than it actually was, and it would collapse under its own weight. It would no longer be infinitely simple and requiring no information - it would now be infinitely complex and require infinite information, and it would need a reason as to why it existed in an arbitrary state. Not only would you need an infinite amount of information to describe it, but it would require an explanation and it would need a “cause”. (read part 2 posted above)
IsLikeThat good those brians creepy
Really long but good comment. I agree with you (and Lawrence Krauss.) It's totally mathematically (and probably really) possible for "something" to come out of "nothing" aka the Big Bang.
Thanks I really enjoyed reading that and has gave me food for thought .
Just wanted to tell you that i didn't read a word of your whole comment.
IsLikeThat next time in MLA format please
Ever since I've been learning about these theories I have seriously been experiencing a massive dip in entropy. Pretty soon I will be a mummy with my face pressed up against a window scaring passers-by.
10:17 i was geniuenly freaked out... Like a real trip impulse in my brain that existence is shifting,it held me for a second. I took 1 ear bud out of my ear and was about to throw my phone away.. Jesus Christ that was scary
this is the best video I have ever seen on UA-cam
Given how simple the seed of the Big Bang was (a single point of zero entropy) I think it is hugely more likely we live in a Boltzmann Universe.
True but if the universe is infinite doesn't that mean we are and also aren't due to infinite repeating possibilities.
@@isaacm4159 Even with infinities - probabilistic *ratios* remain even if the number of those items are themselves infinite. eg Px=0.1, Py=1 in an infinite system. This gives that Event y is 10 times more common than event x. The number of each are infinite but one is 10 times more common than the the other. Good old infinity defies normal commonsense.
@@TalismancerM Im not good at math so it's hard for me to understand. I imagine you're right though, although I guess it doesn't even matter if we are a brain or not.
@@isaacm4159 Not a lot...maybe a few generations down the line it might matter when we're corralling galaxies as fuel for black holes to extend our species lifetime billions of years....
@@TalismancerM Gigachad humanist W
I think the host might be a fan of Firefly. Not sure though.
I think PBS might be trying to shill for Firefly. Not sure though.
I'll say it, I didn't care much for season 6. That doesn't make me any less of a fan.
I sure want that boxed set of Seasons 2 through 8.
I think he's reddit condensed to human form - and I of course mean that insultingly
Being Australian, he could have used Farscape, too.
This channel is so wonderful. When astrophysics somehow finds an intersection with philosophy, and you eloquently nerd out about it for ten minutes, that makes for some pretty great content!
I know right. This channel is awesome.
10:16 oh my gosh that happened at the same time as an alarm drill on my tv went off and I thought sum was happening for a bit
"The never made season 2 - 8 of firefly" come on particle's i believe in you!!!!
Why this video has Star Trek The Next Generation doorbell sounds all around it? It drives me crazy because it is my notification sound
Captn-Spaulding / Loves, Matt O’Dowd ! Sows seeds in the mind with every delivery of his Quantum perspective. Could listen and watch Matt’s delivery for hours! Cheers !!
I've been thinking about this myself. If particles can randomly pop into and out of existence, and if time is infinite, then some time long after heat death a version of myself with all my current memories perhaps with a container of air around me will pop into existence eventually. This fucks with me because imagine what it would be like to be that version of myself. Just randomly existing in emptiness only to die soon after.
this is what i fear too many lmao ... that even in death ill be resurrected ... or at least someone who thinks they're me which id still consider me !
This channel always makes me feel like I have the intelligence of a farting warthog. But I JUST CANT STOP WATCHING
This concept used to mess me up when I was a kid....glad to know I wasn’t the only one lol
Maximum Entropy is a pretty weird Stephen King film. Set in a future where the moon, asteroids, and other planets just decide they've had enough of humanity and stage a revolt.
What’s this a joke of?
Maximum Overdrive.
The video is really great. I just don't really get how entropy works with gravity. So when talking about our universe you have to consider gravity and then equally distributed gas becomes a state of low entropy not high entropy, right? A huge amount of gas will collapse on its own gravity if it's not perfectly even distributed. Small microscopic changes will make it unstable. Which is what happened in our universe. So when including gravity the formation of galaxies does increase the entropy, doesn't it? You can change positions of stars or galaxies all you want and the universe looks still the same.
Now when considering the heat death of the universe, this obviously only happens if we have an universe that will expand forever which seems to be the case. But then I don't understand why gravitationally bound systems would dissipate. Doesn't this heat death just mean the highest entropy state is an empty universe? Because due to the expansion, at some point everything will be isolated from other things so you can't transfer energy at all?
eventually, in a dark, empty universe
a set of speakers playing "never gonna give you up" WILL pop into existence out of the low chance of particles randomly lining up to form said set of speakers
and the universe will have rick rolled itself.
Reminds me a bit of Ego from Guardians of the Galaxy.
The way they show him coming into being in GotG 2 is definitely inspired by boltzmann brains
You should have said that Entropy is a measure of how CLOSE to equilibrium a system is, not far.
I was thinking the same... perfect equilibrium (e.g. heat death of the universe) would be maximum entropy, no?
3:00 It cracked me up to realize that is statistically possible for air to simply manifest into music from random motion.
(9:36) Well, if the fluctuation was in a quantum field, maybe a 'simple' fluctuation (low complexity) is far more likely than a complicated one.
Is it really more likely to fluctuatie into a brain with billions of neurons and billions of connections (atoms in trillions of combinations),
than it is to fluctuate into just one single huge energy spike with some basic laws of nature, which allowed for brains to evolve later?
My feeling is that the latter is actually more probable, thereby making Boltzmann brains very very very unlikely.
Jan van der Gaag Agreed, but given infinite time, a Boltzmann brain is inevitable. Sure, before the first Boltzmann brain comes into existence there will be a huge huge number of other objects created, but eventually a Boltzmann brain will come into existence. Over time all possible versions of Boltzmann brains will exist, separately and also together.
Describing entropy as the amount of useful work sounds like a far more concrete and useful explanation than "specialness"
It may be more useful and concrete, but it's also much more specific.
Fun fact: Each Universe was created after an Eternity of entropy. MINDBLOWN.
Why do you assume that entropy will always increase in the universe? As you mentioned at some point, it always increases in a closed system. Is our universe a closed system?
Also there was a recent hypothesis that Dark Energy is "created" from violations of the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Maybe there is a link here?
Premed1981
You got a link or something to that hypothesis?
I think the universe is assumed to be a closed system because we haven't witnessed anything entering our universe from the outside. If evidence to the contrary arrives that assumption will change.
i am the center of the universe , despite what my mother says !
By definition, the universe is a closed system. And if we discover that our universe isn't a closed system, we'd just expand the definition of universe to include whatever was outside of the universe as a part of the universe.
An example of this in practice was that the entire universe was at one point our solar system. Then we discovered our solar system was a part of a galaxy, which added the entire galaxy into the definition of the universe. No other galaxies were known at that time, leading to us to think our galaxy was the entire universe. Then we discovered other galaxies, and they were included into the definition of the universe. Etc.
Welcome to PBS Philosophy-Time.
Vivaldi You just gave me the awesome idea of PBS buying Olly's channel and transforming it on PBS Philosophy Tube lol it would be great.
Thank you for helping our eyes of the mind to stay open!
And so the infinite improbability drive was invented out of thin air..... :)
Why is that impossible?
Ever So Gaza it's not impossible just highly improbable
So it's possible. And hence probably happened and will happen. Might even happen.
"Statistical speaking, you are a disembodied brain" ... Ok, I get it. I'm an idiot, you don't have to be mean about it.
I imagine some dude just randomly appearing in the vacuum of space and being like how did I get here? before dying because he's in space
“All of that cool stuff will cease.”
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Call me crazy but ever since I was like 8, I had this feeling at times that nothing was real, you know...that everything existed for me...my friends or my family or everyone and everything else were parts of my imagination...These thoughts would come into my mind when I'd be waiting for the school bus or doing any common task...anyone else experience this?
Faraz Bhat Like you were creating your universe?
Faraz Bhat , Wow like you were the only one the whole universe was made for and you would live for ever and nobody else mattered and you were the ONE ,Mmmmmm NO!!!.
Very good explanation! To me, the Bolzmann-Bain is similar to Descart's Deus malugnus- the evel god, who makes him think that he exists. His approch was to say: "I' m thinking, so I must exist!"
But particles want to increase their entropy and are always in change, so a Boltzmann brain may exist for an infinitely short period time all the way to an infinitely long period of time depending on the perspective.
It would be Planck time at minimum but yeah it still has to be possible within the laws of physics
@@jenm1 When we can't find the absolute value for the magnitude of something, we use infinite as a placeholder in cases such as when we say the universe could be infinitely big and a singularity could be infinitely small, but it contradicts other theories. Yes, it could be a Planck time.