I am from Greenland and I want to say one thing... Kashtin was really big in Greenland in the early 90's. This song is from my childhood. Thanks for posting this. It is a classic.
We are in 2024 and I still love Kashtin. Grew up listening to them (im 38 now). I’m in no case First Nation born but I’ve lived closed to Mashteuiatsh, an amazing innu nation ❤ my whole life
The language is INNU, not French. Special, rare part of the world--and they sing to represent and preserve the culture of their people. Haunting, beautiful, memorable!
I remember this song from when I was very young, and we lived in northern Quebec. Kashtin was my favorite band. I have not heard this song in 20 years. So now I'm crying.
All of us All of us Let us look at our way of life Our children Our grandfathers All of us All of us Let us look at our way of life Our rivers Our lands This is our reason
This song is on the verge of making me cry. It's painting a really clear picture of my childhood. Pure Nostalgia. My parents would play this song and I remember it. I can see my childhood house, my dad outside working on his cars, my mom cooking, and my brother playing with his Legos.
Very nice ! As a busker in Québec, I am often expected to sing in french. But someone said yesterday that I should sing first nations languages. That's why I went back to this song this morning although I don't know what all the words mean, I think it's about childhood as you mention. Thanks ! Adam
I have tears in my eyes !!! Sweet souvenirs with Kashtin in the 90s !! I'm Algerian and it was my father who brought a K7 when one time he came back home. For long time; me, my sister and my little brother had been listening, singing and learning by heart the lyrics without knowing the meaning of a single word loll , BUT their music has got such a strong feeling !!!! Big up Kashtin from Constantine, Algeria .
I'm not of aboriginal descent, but this band is special to me. Great musicality, vocal harmonies and flow. I wish I knew the language but it doesn't stop me from loving this band.
I agree, I'm French Canadian with no aboriginal background but my father introduced me to this as a young child and I went to sleep to this. Love their sound!
lol im aboriginal decent and i got no idea what hes singing. well i got an idea. his dialect almost sounds like ours but its different you know? i talked to them and had no idea wtf they said lol
What?! That is freakin' awesome! I love that your parents loved Kashtin that much they'd name you after them. I love their music. This ones my all time favorite.
J'ai découvert ce groupe par Télérama, au rayon des musiques du monde et je suis tombé sous le charme de Kashtin que je me suis empressé de faire connaître à mes amis de Loire-Atlantique! que de beaux souvenirs , MERCI Kashtin!
The sheer sensation of my Indigenous blood rushing through my veins whenever I hear these incredibly talented, earthy and soulful people singing is like music for my body, mind and spirit 🖤🔴💛⚪
My parents made a mix-tape of Kashtin when I was a baby. There's an old picture of me staring up at the camera with a bottle in hand. I was listening to the walkman full of Kashtin as I was being a baby. This song is specifically the one I hear the moment I think of Kashtin. I got to see them live with my Mom when they came to my city.
Heard this song on the radio this night, shazamed it after i've heard it thousand times since my childhood and now i have the name of the song, thank you!
Hey Todd, I’m from tobique reservation. I remember when we met. “It is an honor to meet a grandson whose grandmother is a clan mother” that’s what you told me so long ago and I still remember man.
So proud of KASHTIN! Your music I found on MTV,when you rocked up at Whistler,B.C. I bought your music,& after work come home to chill to your awesome music. I love you guys & your music Thank you for sharing the great artist's that you are! Bless You!
Kashtin est un groupe légendaire! Leur album le plus populaire est remplis de chansons entrainantes et de ballades possédants une signature particulière; un chef-d'oeuvre que beaucoup on fini par oublier. Je possède une vieille cassette et je ne me lasserai jamais de l'écouter! Beaucoup de musique ont été créé depuis...mais personne pour les remplacer, ni même les talonner. Il demeurent unique !! Leur chanson me rendent nostalgique; ils me manque !!
woww prend en bien soin de ta cassette 4 tracks ou 8 tracks lol .. bon ok je sais tu n est pas assez vieille pour avoir connu les 8 tracks lol moi oui ..snif ok je sort bye bye
Malheureusement boycotté à cause de la crise d' Oka ! Bon nombre au Canada y sont passé , pourtant y' a du talent musical parmi les autochtones !Pu un passe à la radio!
Moi non, quand j'étais jeune je n'étais pas ici, mais depuis 5 ans c'est mon groupe prefèré ici au Canada et Québec.Tshinanu "What we are" Merci beaucoup d'avoir partager.
I was born in Greenland, have lived here in Denmark since 97',my brother who's older than me, put this on on new year's eve, and I instantly went: "omg I know THIS , why do I know this, what is this??" .. and he said "you really remember this music? You were so little.." .. This song is .. it touches my Inuit heart. I wish I could sing in your language 💚.
J'écoutais cette chanson quand j'étais petite, ma mère ma donner leur casette car je lui ai demander. QUand j'étais petite je chantais cette chanson! Merci pour cette chanson exceptionnel et unique. Je l'aime beaucoup
I was born on an Indian Reserve in Northern Manitoba. I'm Aboriginal woman, and my second language is Ojibwah/Saulteax. I don't even understand what these are singing about. But still I love their songs anyway.
+Robert Bronfman I had a feeling they sang in French, and not in any Native tongue. Because these are French songs. But I still think they sound cool. I, myself am also a First Nations woman, but I speak Ojibwah and Saulteaux. I also live in Vancouver, BC. I've passed through Montreal and Quebec a couple of times, and I could not even understand any of those Natives when they spoke because they were speaking French. I believe the Indian Residential Schools forced their parents to speak English and French. So they passed those languages down to the younger generations. Cool...
Yes. I've learned about Tom Longboat. His true gift from God was to run such long distances. Tom truly amazed me. Yes, I also heard about those Museums they have back in Eastern Canada. Many other races don't really understand why our people are so messed up. You know, because of all the domestic violence, child-abuse, alcoholism, street-drugs, nicotine, and etc. Because we can't help what we've been through, you know the way our parents raised us. Our parents couldn't even help that either. Come to think about it- any one can go through all that, not just First Nations. But at least our culture has been coming back. So we can teach our children the truth about themselves. It's very difficult, although its based on the true facts of life. I learned about all that nasty stuff what those little Indian school children had to endure back in those days. Abuse and genocide. I learned most of it from the Indian Residential Schools at an Aboriginal College in Winnipeg, before I moved to BC. I also experienced what my parents went through, because I felt like I went to school there too.
I listened to this as a child with my mom. I remember sitting in my fuzzy blue chair talking about names for my sister. We ended up naming her Whitney. I still come back to this tune. Love it!! Still listening in 2022.
My first favorite band EVER. My first concert when I was 5 or 6 in Meadow Lake.I'm 24 now and this song still sounds as good now as it did way back then. Better than anything else I've ever heard, ever.
these are the english words to this great song... Tshinanu: Us, eg. we innu let's know about lets talk about OUR roads OUR children OUR ancestors lets know about lets talk about our roads our rivers our land lets know about lets talk about our roads our rivers our lands tshitapuenanu / we are right taken from the other live video and "roughly translated" to english..
Good strong name... i had the privilege of meeting these guys when i was a young performer. They are very humble and extremely nice guys. you were given a good name and thumbs up to your parents, and rock on
Very talented musicians. Hoping they will create more of these songs in the near future. Until then, I will continue to enjoy the ones they made. Memories of where I was and when I first heard Kashtin I won't soon forget.
it had something to do with the 90's problems with the native american, radio boycutt them because some don't do the difference between inuits and the native american that were part of the problem instead of them.
In memory of a long time friend . We've play and sang a lot of good kashtin song in the 80s , 90s in Northern Saskatchewan . R.I.P. My good old friend H.S.
Awesome thanks for sharing this beautiful song brings back memories of high school dances with all the hotties from the Rez up here in NBC Canada country areas of dog rib creek BC Canada country areas of where the beaver's and muscats play all night long
J'ai vecu 5 ans en France. Lorsque je devais passer chez nous au Quebec, j'achetais des CD de kastin avant de reprendre l'avion pour ensuite les offrir a mes amis Francais.
I am from Greenland and I want to say one thing... Kashtin was really big in Greenland in the early 90's. This song is from my childhood. Thanks for posting this. It is a classic.
I remember this song. I was rounded 17 n from that day I still love listening to Kashtin
Ilaa puujugassaanngilaq 🥰 Love this song, has never forgotten it since childhood ❤
This band is from my hometown. 👍
@@jimmygagnon6508 where is that.. if you don't mind me asking. And what nation..
@@Omegagaming123 this is in sept iles in the province of quebec. They are a montagnais there was a festival this weekend actually
My Dads Favourite Song .. he passed away in 2004 .. this song makes me he’s here with me .. when I play this song .. ♥️
Mamu Innu !
❤
We are in 2024 and I still love Kashtin. Grew up listening to them (im 38 now).
I’m in no case First Nation born but I’ve lived closed to Mashteuiatsh, an amazing innu nation ❤ my whole life
Ok……
It is spirit working.
The language is INNU, not French. Special, rare part of the world--and they sing to represent and preserve the culture of their people. Haunting, beautiful, memorable!
There's another language that's called "Atikamekw", which is alot similar to Innu. (ex: Atikamekw: kwei. Innu: kuei)
I remember this song from when I was very young, and we lived in northern Quebec. Kashtin was my favorite band. I have not heard this song in 20 years. So now I'm crying.
Don't cry, Celebrate Innu
All of us
All of us
Let us look at our way of life
Our children
Our grandfathers
All of us
All of us
Let us look at our way of life
Our rivers
Our lands
This is our reason
Lorise Simon, Awesome stuff Lorise, thanks 4 sharing that, that's what being First Nation is all about "Sharing", peace out sister, love that, Hiy-hiy
Merci!!!
Thank you!
MERCI CHO for sharing the lyrics to this powerful song, love it back in the 90's, still love their music today👍👍❤❤.
Awesome 👏🏼 thank you 😊
This song is on the verge of making me cry. It's painting a really clear picture of my childhood. Pure Nostalgia. My parents would play this song and I remember it. I can see my childhood house, my dad outside working on his cars, my mom cooking, and my brother playing with his Legos.
Very nice ! As a busker in Québec, I am often expected to sing in french. But someone said yesterday that I should sing first nations languages. That's why I went back to this song this morning although I don't know what all the words mean, I think it's about childhood as you mention. Thanks ! Adam
I have tears in my eyes !!! Sweet souvenirs with Kashtin in the 90s !! I'm Algerian and it was my father who brought a K7 when one time he came back home. For long time; me, my sister and my little brother had been listening, singing and learning by heart the lyrics without knowing the meaning of a single word loll , BUT their music has got such a strong feeling !!!! Big up Kashtin from Constantine, Algeria .
+Nazih meed I'm guessing he bought that tape in Québec? :)
franghan Yes that's it !
Nazih meed I
Uv we think ewe rxufferg take
Ool a
Beautiful! Thank you for sharing! I learned the song by heart too when I was a kid. Such powerful music :)
Never thought the music from our locals could get so far. Wow. Kashtin a band from sept iles/uashat/maliotenam 👌🤟
I'm not of aboriginal descent, but this band is special to me. Great musicality, vocal harmonies and flow. I wish I knew the language but it doesn't stop me from loving this band.
I agree, I'm French Canadian with no aboriginal background but my father introduced me to this as a young child and I went to sleep to this. Love their sound!
Chrispy Galaxi Add me
lol im aboriginal decent and i got no idea what hes singing. well i got an idea. his dialect almost sounds like ours but its different you know? i talked to them and had no idea wtf they said lol
Saw Kashtin at Hamilton Place theatre . Was neveer the SaaMe, Addicted
J.P. Boissonneault 😊😊 they are amazing!!!
J'ai une guitare et je chante toujours leurs chanson suis anishnabe du kanata
Mamu Innu !
I love this song! Can't get it out of my head. My parents named me after this band. I never knew why until I started listening to them. Love it!
KASHTIN means tornado
What?! That is freakin' awesome! I love that your parents loved Kashtin that much they'd name you after them. I love their music. This ones my all time favorite.
Consider yourself lucky to be named after this band. They will always be in our heart and so you will. ;-)
Proud to be native I'm mik maq from down est
You have a very cool name. Just found them this very morning...diggin the 🎶
Kashtin's music has power. It speaks to you on another level even if you don't understand the language. Love it. James in Ottawa.
This song will never get old. ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤🇨🇦🇨🇦🇨🇦
How are you doing today
J'ai découvert ce groupe par Télérama, au rayon des musiques du monde et je suis tombé sous le charme de Kashtin que je me suis empressé de faire connaître à mes amis de Loire-Atlantique! que de beaux souvenirs , MERCI Kashtin!
Mamu Innu !
The sheer sensation of my Indigenous blood rushing through my veins whenever I hear these incredibly talented, earthy and soulful people singing is like music for my body, mind and spirit 🖤🔴💛⚪
Magnifique, guérissant, reposant, énergisant, Merci beaucoup pour votre belle musique! J'adoré! !!!!🌞🌠💎📦💖🎹🎤😍👍👍👍👍👍
1990 and me 60 now
Still rocks my world
Ya hoo ❤❤❤❤
My parents made a mix-tape of Kashtin when I was a baby. There's an old picture of me staring up at the camera with a bottle in hand. I was listening to the walkman full of Kashtin as I was being a baby. This song is specifically the one I hear the moment I think of Kashtin. I got to see them live with my Mom when they came to my city.
I remember when they played at the Forks in Winnipeg in the 90's at a show called Indian time 2. Love that show
Wish I was there. They didnt come and perform in Labrador back then.
I like that Indian time!
Heard this song on the radio this night, shazamed it after i've heard it thousand times since my childhood and now i have the name of the song, thank you!
Awesome song I can listen to it over and over
My dad used to play this all the time when I was really young in Quebec, great band
and Bernard is the name gave to some Wabun' aki :D ua-cam.com/video/jqEvdbx-9Sk/v-deo.html
Yes me to bring good memories
Hey Todd, I’m from tobique reservation. I remember when we met. “It is an honor to meet a grandson whose grandmother is a clan mother” that’s what you told me so long ago and I still remember man.
So proud of KASHTIN! Your music I found on MTV,when you rocked up at Whistler,B.C. I bought your music,& after work come home to chill to your awesome music. I love you guys & your music
Thank you for sharing the great artist's that you are! Bless You!
This reminds me of my dad. I remember listening to this on the radio and he tells me the song❤️
I saw this Innu group in Toronto about 20 years ago..they were wonderful.
Kashtin est un groupe légendaire! Leur album le plus populaire est remplis de chansons entrainantes et de ballades possédants une signature particulière; un chef-d'oeuvre que beaucoup on fini par oublier. Je possède une vieille cassette et je ne me lasserai jamais de l'écouter! Beaucoup de musique ont été créé depuis...mais personne pour les remplacer, ni même les talonner. Il demeurent unique !! Leur chanson me rendent nostalgique; ils me manque !!
Il sont encore en vie mais un des 2 gars du groupe à disparu, personne sait où il est!
Bah oui 😉 ta surement rêvé à ça...
woww prend en bien soin de ta cassette 4 tracks ou 8 tracks lol .. bon ok je sais tu n est pas assez vieille pour avoir connu les 8 tracks lol moi oui ..snif ok je sort bye bye
Latisha Vegas good band
Malheureusement boycotté à cause de la crise d' Oka ! Bon nombre au Canada y sont passé , pourtant y' a du talent musical parmi les autochtones !Pu un passe à la radio!
I love Kashtin,no other group ever came close to blending together so well. Thanks for the postings.
I'm an old white woman and I love this band. Have this cd.
+zoe I am too. I saw them in Regina about 20 years ago and love their music. Wish they would tour out West again.
zoe on oldomo f I don't m mu my no myimoldidonnt o
Where to get cd
Me too, I know that you know we are all related. That is why. May the world find peace. All my relations.
Je Métisse j'aime énormément Kashtin
et cette chanson est sortie quand j'avais 16 ans
J'aime aussi la version chanté en duo avec Samian
Il y a aussi cette version faite par un collectif d'autochtone et inuit du Quebec:
ua-cam.com/video/gtP8OnhoVtg/v-deo.html
@@ericst-laurent8161 👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼👍🏼💘💘💘💘💘
Great music! Appreciate listening to Kashtin on the Navajo Nation
these tunes will never get old :) love and appreciate Aboriginal talent :)
Moi non, quand j'étais jeune je n'étais pas ici, mais depuis 5 ans c'est mon groupe prefèré ici au Canada et Québec.Tshinanu "What we are" Merci beaucoup d'avoir partager.
Whoever uploaded this Thank You so much, I have been searching for this song for years always got stuck in my head and I finally found it!!
I was born in Greenland, have lived here in Denmark since 97',my brother who's older than me, put this on on new year's eve, and I instantly went: "omg I know THIS , why do I know this, what is this??" .. and he said "you really remember this music? You were so little.." .. This song is .. it touches my Inuit heart. I wish I could sing in your language 💚.
J'écoutais cette chanson quand j'étais petite, ma mère ma donner leur casette car je lui ai demander. QUand j'étais petite je chantais cette chanson! Merci pour cette chanson exceptionnel et unique. Je l'aime beaucoup
Adel Houdrouge. FANTASTIQUE. THANKS Great song !
Florent et Claude - vous êtes formidable!
Kashtin a eu succès considérable au Québec. Ils jouaient sans arrêt sur toutes les radios du Québec. Merci Kashtin pour cette belle usique!
some of the best music I ever heard.....greatings from Norway!
Ist heard this song live from a July 1st concert ftom Ottawa.This song just lefy me mesmerized..
I am from Sept Iles and listening to this i am back on the 138 cruising up to Moisie!
Love from Greenland! Remind me of my childhood❤😃
I come Baffin Island in Iqaluit, Nunavut, and we all have listened and loved it so much.
I was born on an Indian Reserve in Northern Manitoba. I'm Aboriginal woman, and my second language is Ojibwah/Saulteax. I don't even understand what these are singing about. But still I love their songs anyway.
u
+Robert Bronfman
I had a feeling they sang in French, and not in any Native tongue. Because these are French songs. But I still think they sound cool. I, myself am also a First Nations woman, but I speak Ojibwah and Saulteaux. I also live in Vancouver, BC. I've passed through Montreal and Quebec a couple of times, and I could not even understand any of those Natives when they spoke because they were speaking French. I believe the Indian Residential Schools forced their parents to speak English and French. So they passed those languages down to the younger generations. Cool...
Yes. I've learned about Tom Longboat. His true gift from God was to run such long distances. Tom truly amazed me. Yes, I also heard about those Museums they have back in Eastern Canada. Many other races don't really understand why our people are so messed up. You know, because of all the domestic violence, child-abuse, alcoholism, street-drugs, nicotine, and etc. Because we can't help what we've been through, you know the way our parents raised us. Our parents couldn't even help that either. Come to think about it- any one can go through all that, not just First Nations. But at least our culture has been coming back. So we can teach our children the truth about themselves. It's very difficult, although its based on the true facts of life. I learned about all that nasty stuff what those little Indian school children had to endure back in those days. Abuse and genocide. I learned most of it from the Indian Residential Schools at an Aboriginal College in Winnipeg, before I moved to BC. I also experienced what my parents went through, because I felt like I went to school there too.
+World Universal it's not french songs, The name Kashtin means "tornado" in the Innu-aimun language, so I'm guessing that is the language of the songs
just checked and yes they are Innu
I listened to this as a child with my mom. I remember sitting in my fuzzy blue chair talking about names for my sister. We ended up naming her Whitney. I still come back to this tune. Love it!! Still listening in 2022.
Fabulous group! Saw them in Inuvik many years ago. Sure do miss them.
My first favorite band EVER. My first concert when I was 5 or 6 in Meadow Lake.I'm 24 now and this song still sounds as good now as it did way back then. Better than anything else I've ever heard, ever.
I love khastin to. day my sons name khastin and he is 19 yr old that's the last time I seen khastin.
The most commercially successful Native band ever in first nation history.
I love these guys already! I had a great great grandmother whom was a Montagnais member.
I know good music when I hear it , this kastin..he knows better than I , from NY . Usa. An Algonquin n Puerto Rican music lover..ty
these are the english words to this great song...
Tshinanu: Us, eg. we innu
let's know about
lets talk about
OUR roads
OUR children
OUR ancestors
lets know about
lets talk about
our roads
our rivers
our land
lets know about
lets talk about
our roads
our rivers
our lands
tshitapuenanu / we are right
taken from the other live video and "roughly translated" to english..
Do you have the lyrics in either the native language or English to any of their other songs>
J'aime cette musique 😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍
I recall when I listened to them as a child. Always enjoyed them
Good strong name... i had the privilege of meeting these guys when i was a young performer. They are very humble and extremely nice guys. you were given a good name and thumbs up to your parents, and rock on
Love kashtin...and his group great music...keep on keeping on
Very talented musicians. Hoping they will create more of these songs in the near future. Until then, I will continue to enjoy the ones they made. Memories of where I was and when I first heard Kashtin I won't soon forget.
Forever one of my favorite bands of all time!!! I never get tired of listening.
My father use to listen to kashtin alot when I was child now my father's in heaven it still touches my heart ❤️
I remember this and love the song.
Kashtin was a great band to bad they broke up i miss Them
it had something to do with the 90's problems with the native american, radio boycutt them because some don't do the difference between inuits and the native american that were part of the problem instead of them.
What a beautiful song. Touching the soul and God......
This music is awesome. Even when you don't understand the
language. I love it.!
Myrna B ...that's the best part
That's right.
Myrna B ì
R
I always loved kashtin they have it so rough love Dene people
LOVED this group - so happy to remember their name and hear them again!
In memory of a long time friend . We've play and sang a lot of good kashtin song in the 80s , 90s in Northern Saskatchewan . R.I.P. My good old friend H.S.
Den'e man, sorry to hear about your friend.
Saw them live in Vancouver in the early 90s didn't understand a word but loved every minute.
Excellente chanson ... Kashtin c est vraiment excellent
wow...still gets to me...Vive Kashtin
The bird's wings (along with the neck and head) look fancy/refined and full of Life... and it goes hand in hand with the song.
I'm a Mushkegowuk Cree from the west coast of James Bay I understand some of the words they sing!!!! Awesome music they're geniuses!
OMG its about time!!!!! been looking for this band love their music
we(native)proud to be a part of this music!! kuei kessenu innut!!
Saw them in Regina....Just great!!!!!
Nostalgia from Greenland
i saw em at Aqpik jam 2010 kuujjuaq re-united after 15 year split , and it was Lauren t s bday that day too
Great show . nakkurmimarialluk
Awesome thanks for sharing this beautiful song brings back memories of high school dances with all the hotties from the Rez up here in NBC Canada country areas of dog rib creek BC Canada country areas of where the beaver's and muscats play all night long
Was my favorite tunes in the 90s and still ,crank her up ,yeah way to go 😎
I love it I haven't heard it for awhile Kashtin became popular in Greenland too 🇬🇱
still love,,in august 2024
Listened to this gem growing up in the reserve. My dad played his music at his local pool hall, brings back a lot of memories🤙🏾🫡🎖90’s
One of the best native singers in this world.
my dad loves these guys, they are amazing! Cant wait to watch them on June 23 2012, Aboriginal Day Live!!! APTN!!!
I worked at his concert when I was 16 years old, and it was amazing.
I still live this group..I have their CD and a treasured tape..
Wow, I finally found the songs I've been looking for for so long. Nice to hear these songs again.
I always love this! On my playlist.
reminds me a lot of my childhood. Hearing this at grandpas house. Oh how time flies
I'm pure metal head but this song is one of the best indigenous song i've heard 2019 👍👍👍
Mine and my brother father played this on cassette for us on the way to school at Joseph Burr Tyrell. Good memory.
Reminds me of home Bloodvein River First Nations, Manitoba. Listening to NCI radio station in the bush. Wish I had some walleye to eat.
Après tout ces années j'écoute toujours kashtin
Sask.i heard this in the 90s also 😅
These guys are from my hometown, reserve maliotenam in sept-iles. Always will love florent vollant (singer). Always listened to those songs!
Oh and they played a big show in 2019 here at malioteman sept-iles, its was 100% free!
J'ai vecu 5 ans en France. Lorsque je devais passer chez nous au Quebec, j'achetais des CD de kastin avant de reprendre l'avion pour ensuite les offrir a mes amis Francais.
Abasanon svpp fucoff
No
Moi aussi. Québécois, je vis en France depuis 25 ans. J ai tous les CD
Just love Kashtin, I wish they would come back together. All their songs have so much intensity. You cannot forget them.
merrci tu apporte un calme a ma vie parfois chaotique
AWE BEAUTIFUL AND THANK YOU VERY MUCH./MUSSI CHO FOR SHARING? HUGS AND BLESSINGS.
I love the blues aspect to this song. The blues really transcends colour, race, language, culture.