What Happens When A Volcano Meets a Glacier?
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- Опубліковано 9 лют 2025
- Volcanoes might seem like an unstoppable force of nature - but there is at least one OTHER force on Earth that seems to be able to keep them down.
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Decompression Melting: Mantle melting that involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-solid mantle.
Flux Melting: Melting that occurs when water and other volatile components are introduced to hot solid rock.
Glaciation: the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets.
Magma: Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.
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Cameron Duke | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
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REFERENCES
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Aubry, Thomas J., et al. “Impact of Climate Change on Volcanic Processes: Current Understanding and Future Challenges.” Bulletin of Volcanology, vol. 84, no. 6, 18 May 2022, doi.org/10.100...
Cooper, Claire L., et al. “Evaluating the Relationship between Climate Change and Volcanism.” Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 177, 1 Feb. 2018, pp. 238-247, doi.org/10.101...
Huybers, Peter, and Charles Langmuir. “Feedback between Deglaciation, Volcanism, and Atmospheric CO2.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 286, no. 3-4, Sept. 2009, pp. 479-491, doi.org/10.101...
Huybers, Peter, and Charles H. Langmuir. “Delayed CO2 Emissions from Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism as a Possible Cause of Late-Pleistocene Glacial Cycles.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 457, Jan. 2017, pp. 238-249, doi.org/10.101...
Jull, M., and D. McKenzie. “The Effect of Deglaciation on Mantle Melting beneath Iceland.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 101, no. B10, 10 Oct. 1996, pp. 21815-21828, doi.org/10.102...
Maclennan, J., et al. “The Link between Volcanism and Deglaciation in Iceland.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, vol. 3, no. 11, Nov. 2002, pp. 1-25, doi.org/10.102...
Praetorius, Summer, et al. “Interaction between Climate, Volcanism, and Isostatic Rebound in Southeast Alaska during the Last Deglaciation.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 452, 15 Oct. 2016, pp. 79-89, doi.org/10.101...
Rawson, Harriet, et al. “The Magmatic and Eruptive Response of Arc Volcanoes to Deglaciation: Insights from Southern Chile.” Geology, vol. 44, no. 4, 24 Feb. 2016, pp. 251-254, doi.org/10.113...
Swindles, Graeme T., et al. “Climatic Control on Icelandic Volcanic Activity during the Mid-Holocene.” Geology, vol. 46, no. 1, 1 Jan. 2018, pp. 47-50, doi.org/10.113...
Watt, Sebastian F.L., et al. “The Volcanic Response to Deglaciation: Evidence from Glaciated Arcs and a Reassessment of Global Eruption Records.” Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 122, July 2013, pp. 77-102, doi.org/10.101... - Наука та технологія
Love how cute the volcanoes, magma, and glaciers look.
Yeah especially at 2:01, poor little magma puddle getting yelled at by the glacier
engineer gaming
@@PramkLuna Makes me hate glaciers so much. 😠
They all look cute until global warming rids us of glaciers and all the volcanoes roar back, adding even more heating gases.
also the ice age squirrel
This is all true. But volcanoes do actually form subglacially. There are a few of them in Iceland right now (including the infamously tongue-twisting Eyjafjallajökull which caused all that chaos over a decade ago). And when they do, their lava meets ice and immediately flashes it to steam, which expands rapidly (explodes), shattering the lava and freezing it instantly, forming little shards of volcanic glass. Some of this glass is tiny enough to get carried away in the volcanic plume (preventing airplanes from flying in areas where the plume is drifting), while the heavier fragments loosely consolidate to form a volcanic deposit that is called hyaloclastite (which literally translates to "glass fragments"). The hyaloclastite builds up, until the glacier is completely melted above the volcano's location, and then molten lava flows atop the collection of glass fragments, making a flat-topped mountain that is only revealed when the glacier all around it completely retreats. These mountains are called "tuya" and you can see a lot of them in Iceland, but they are also present in other places, like northern British Columbia.
Subglacial volcanism also produces a rather unique hazard - the dreaded jökulhlaup, or flood of glacial meltwater (melted by the volcano) released all at once when an ice dam is broken (or melted) away, allowing what is essentially a subglacial _lake_ to rapidly drain. These floods can happen during an eruption, or even many months after one (say, if an earthquake shifts the ice enough to break the dam and release the water), which makes them especially dangerous and impossible to predict. Scientists can detect collections of meltwater, but when (and how quickly) they drain is unknowable (and frequently, there are multiple river systems into which they could drain, making it hard to know which towns are in danger when the jökulhlaup happens).
engineer gaming
Man you have got hugely different sences of scale here. Eyjafjallajokull is about 200m thick which is very different from a few km of thickness. That pressure increase is enormous so a comparison is not advised.
Source: i am an icelandic geologist.
I imagine the difference is that in the Ice Age, you had glaciers that were miles thick and covered entire continents. The glaciers in modern-day iceland aren't going to be big enough to shut down vulcanism in the same way.
I love that word, Jökulhlaup. Knowing that Jökul means glacier, it sounds to me like "Glacier Splash" because Chlap (ch here is a fancy H) is the onomatopoeic verb for splashing in Polish
@@RhodianColossus It's more akin to a Glacial run or stampede
The best song of ice and fire
How did you watch this 18 h ago? Is this a glitch?
Nice
Are tou from the future Cerosis?
@@Durio_zibethinus Thanks for telling me about it. Never knew about it.
@@pansumyintmo8983 no problem 👍
This is why ice type is super effective against ground type
Perhaps, but i think its mainly because ice forming in the ground causes cracks and sinkholes
@@Nazuikoand permafrost!!!!!!!!!
@@Nazuiko Same principle.
Apparently, not everyone saw what you did there.
Yes😂
Love how you added two volcanoes on the Reykjanes peninsula to indicate the two seperate eruptions that are currently happening
Thanks for working hard to educate us. I appreciate y’all in the minuteearth team! Thanks for edutaining us
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Your bot is broken.
Holy- I got a heart from minuteearth! :o
@@Bxll_Bxll who asked
@@ProfessionalBugLover Very nice of you
Having the glacier as a thwomp is a nice little detail that I enjoy
Love the Thwomp face 🤣
Did this also happen during snowball earth or does it only apply to volcanos over continental plates, not oceanic ones?
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax why'd you just write your own name
@@bijeshshrestha2450 engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax secret unknown
Only over continental plates, since only the top layer of the ocean was frozen over and most of the water under that was unfrozen
"It's geologic dance to a real song of ice and fire."
That quote. Just wow ❤
engineer gaming
IKR? So poetic 😍.
better than s8 😰
A dance of fire and ice
Finally, admirals fight at punk hazard reveal.
I love the reference at 1:23
We have our own volcano along our Chinese border called Mount Paektu, which is according to legend the origin of the Korean people. One of the most powerful eruptions in recorded history happened there in 946, and it's long overdue to erupt again. Everyone in the DPRK must make a pilgrimage to Mount Paektu and climb to the top. I prefer to do it on horseback. It was Moon Jae-in's dream to climb it so when he visited us, he did just that and we held hands at the summit.
.
what is the bit here? this is literally what happened
@@TheRealBFKelleher There is no bit, just spitting information about our country others might not know about. Not that deep, bro
:)
We must make it mandatory for everyone on earth to make a pilgrimage to Mount Paeku
I have a new respect for glaciers
😁
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax engineer gaming
Admit it, many of you have that image of Aokiji and Akainu staring each other down...
engineer gaming
definitely
I want to see Kuzan using attack called "Immense Preassure" now lmao
Which mean Aokiji may had tried sitting on Akainu to stop him from erupt but failed and lost a leg
Eggsacly 😂
Very interesting. I’m my geology class we just learned about Glaciers. There’s a lot more too them then I originally thought
One of the best channels where I can find answers to my shower thoughts.
2:05 the volcano looks so happy :)
When you see the glaciers face and hear the Mario block "ugghhh" in your brain
When the Glacier is away. The Volcanoes will play
2:34 I see what you did there.
ADOFAI
@@blackpumpkin4486what
@@pigeon_airlines A Dong of Fire and Ice
aww the faces on the volcanos and glaciers are so cute! I like the thwomp face on the glacier haha
Ask the Titanic if it wants to encounter either a volcano or an ice glacier
Hehe, that glacier has a thwomp face on it!
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
Makes my day when I see another minute earth video pop up! ☺️
engineer gaming
2:22 FINALLY, ICELAND AUCTUALLY HAS ICE!
Volcanoland
I prefer the epic battle of volcano versus the Avatar. Avatar Roku was sleeping with his wife on his home island when suddenly the island's volcano started to erupt. His wife and the other villagers managed to escape the island on boats while he stayed to fight the volcano before the ash got to the boats. Initially he was winning until he felt it was hopeless to stop it...until his long-time friend Fire Lord Sozin joined and helped by heat-bending (as in eliminating the heat energy from the volcano by redirecting it), but it was becoming too gaseous and thus they chose to sprint. With Roku breathing in a lot of it, he was down on his knees. He begged for Sozin to help...but Sozin betrayed him so he could start his Fire Nation empire, an empire that Roku didn't want. Roku's dragon stayed with him till the very end.
Ironic. he had the power to save others from death, *but not himself*
engineer gaming
why do i see you everywhere
huh roku you mean like the tv (ive never watched avatar before)
imma be honest i didn't expect this to rock so hard as it did , but it rocked so hard it skipped the mountain stage and now i have a volcano !
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
1:09 haha glacier go URGH
* insert thwomp.mp4 *
Fun fact glaciers are so heavy that during the last ice age the weight of the glacier sunk Norway, Sweden and Finland into the crust, later for them to re-emerge when the melting period occurred.
wow! that's really possible?
@@smerdajenda
There are places in Norway that still experience fairly frequent earthquakes because the still-ongoing lifting of the crust isn’t completely smooth. It’s rare for such earthquakes to get strong enough to be felt where I live, but it has happened. You can also see traces of a higher shoreline a few millennia ago in the form of seashells in the brook and pumice stones in the sandy soil more than 30 m above the current sea level.
@ That's interesting. You have such a beautiful country! Greetings from Czechia.
So... youre saying that ice types should be super effective agaimst fire, or fire ground, types?
The angry glacier face was gold.
The battle between cold and hot has started since a long time before civilization.
A New Fleet Admiral is Appointed
It's Aokiji vs Akainu.
🤔 What happens when a Volcano meets a Glacier?
A Seriously Steamy Romance, Of Course!🤪🤣💕
Great video as usual, thank you ! It brings me to a question :
I often read that snowball earth events were ended thanks to volcanism ("Global warming associated with large accumulations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over millions of years, emitted primarily by volcanic activity, is the proposed trigger for melting a snowball Earth", Wikipedia). But how can it be, if all the surface was covered with ice? (Maybe not all, and just a little bit with volcanos could suffice?)
It’s large accumulations over millions of years, so I suppose a few volcanoes can do the job, just much slower than if there were more of course
Perhaps asteroid impacts kick start the process.
Not volcanoes, comet impact.
Yes exactly note that the volcanism which was associated with the Snowball Earth episodes of the Neoproterozoic was what is known as Large Igneous Provinces akin to the Siberian traps or Deccan traps. The sheer scale of such volcanic systems in this case relating to the ongoing rifting apart of the Super Continent Rodinia is unlike anything we humans have ever seen. The last volcanism event of similar magnitude of extent was back in the Oligocene. (note that timescales of ~30 million years with several million years of volcanic eruptions are fairly typical for this kind of giant Flood basalts) And no The Columbia river flood basalts weren't a "real" Large Igneous province being more of a pseudo province as the Yellowstone hotspot had to burn its way through the Farallon plate and the North American continent above.
Despite claims to the contrary there is no known impact events linked to the Snowball glaciation though this doesn't rule out the possibility as there are similarities in changes to sea floor spreading and a potential over abundance of lunar impact craters around 800 Ma just before the *onset* of the first of the Cryogenian snowball Earth intervals. So an impact causing and or ending the Cryogenian glaciations is potentially on the table as absence of evidence is not evidence of absence but without more evidence its hard to say anything with confidence.
Now the end of the earlier Huronian glaciations linked to the Great Oxygenation event do potentially owe their termination to the impact of a large asteroid/comet as there is a crater of the right age identified in Australia and modeling suggests that such a 7 km impactor striking into the ice sheets themselves could have vaporized enough water vapor for the greenhouse effect to lead to the end of the glaciation.
Mylankovic cycles
Just a typical MinuteEarth video covering thousands of years old geology .
I have always wondered what the inside of one of those massive magma chambers would look like (with out the magma of course) would it just be like a big cave or what ? I thank it would be really neat to see it and I wonder if stuff like stalactites and stalagmites are forming in there or what
I don't think Stala-things would form but would it look anything like a lava lamp? :0
This video is both iced and fire.
Thwomp Glacier Thwomp Glacier
Volcano: oh look a nice place to be born
Glacier: And I took it personally
Akainu vs Aokiji explained by MinuteEarth
1:38 OH! That finally make sense. I knew that happened but never knew how the other side didn't get up.
That was extremely informative in such a short time!! Thank you!!
Imagine they literally get sponsored by A Dance of Fire and Ice
I saw this right as i was done watching tpot 14
This is a cool video, I love to learn about stuff like this. Thanks for the upload! 😄
Pokemon: fire beats ice
Me: I think youre mistaken.
Its like those videos that talk about who would win if two animals would fight, knowing that those two animals will never meet in the wild.
If I was that magma, I wouldn’t rise if that glacier gave me that face.
Their faces omg! Its so cute!! 😍🤩
These illustrations give me life
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
How much are you going to spam?
Alright we need a Japanese Kaiju type movie where its Volcano vs Glacier, imagine all their special attacks 😁
You mean Coalossal/Heatran vs. Avalugg
That glacier's angry face made me laugh 😂
It was Scrat that caught ME off guard.
engineer gaming
It's Thwomp's face
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
The thwomp faces makes it so much better lmao
When magma meets ice, ice looses it's leg.
😁 Akainu 🔥 vs Avokiji ❄️
You get an awesome myth about a lava sledding competition gone wrong
Water, the only major rock on Earth that gets to be lava at surface temperature and pressure.
Gotta love the detail of the glacier being a thwomp
1:23 Scrat was so over the top and then crushing him with his arm and acorn sticking out 😂😂😂
Ohhh now this one gets me right in the heart
Glaciers, volcano's, puns
What more could a boy want in his life?
Earthquakes.... but I'll take what I can get
Makes sense.
It would be interesting to know, how humanity would keep weathering against these forces, when facing new ice ages and warmer cycles in the future again.
I liked this. Keep it up.
Finally something that I didn't already know. And, best of all, not fluffed out to 20 minutes with useless info and stuff that I already know.
Doesnt that apply to underwater volcanoes too? Why are there so many then?
To my understanding, underwater volcanoes start off as a passive flow until they grow tall enough to erupt in a low pressure altitude
I love how the glacier has a thwomp face
Grrr
Hehe thwomp glacier go brrrrr
Interestingly the rapid melting of ice on Antarctica and Greenland will cause the land to spring upwards, this would cause significant movement along the tectonic boundaries of North America and Antarctica.
Iceland: I'm on both sides so I always come out on top.
Volcano beats glacier because magma beats ice
Source: One Piece
Lesson learned: we must create another ice age to prevent volcanic eruptions
I really like this narrator. The best on the minute earth by far
Akainu vs Aokiji already proved that volcano will win in a fight.
Now this is amazingly cool. I never knew this!
Such a good thumbnail, I was very pleased when the video was also good.
I LOVE THE THUMBNAIL! IT"S SO CUTE ARGHHH!!
I'd never heard about this before! Thanks so much for sharing!
2 years after u published this, im like well the glaciers lost. we humans changed everything.
soon enough this will become a pure hypothetical
This is really simple yet valuable information
engineer gaming
@@lizzycoax what's that?
@@zainabkhan2475 they’re spamming. Just report then
@@lizzycoax Spy Gaming
Bro almost summoned the Object Show Community with this one 🥶🥶🥶
An unstoppable force meets an actual unstopable force.
those are... thomb faces from Super Mario, right? xD
Volcano: *Gasp* You took, everything from mee!
Glacier: Nuh UHH
Akainu vs Aokiji 👀
Glaciers, in general: "Sorry, volcanoes, hold it in."
Mount St Helens, 2004-2008: "Hold my beer, watch this!"
Gotta love how the glacier has the face of a Thwomp, LMAO
Glacier Has A Thwomp Face From Super Mario Bros
Aokiji vs Akainu ?!!
Good video and game of thrones reference, your videos are always interesting.
Así que entonces el deshielo aumentara la actividad volcánica en la tierra, en otros planetas habitables rocosos podría ser más extremo como de 1.5g, sugerencia.
I’m surprised you resisted showing Fire type Darmanitan Unova and Ice type Darmanitan Galar
Akainu against Aokiji
I was thinking the same thing
This is interesting from the standpoint of how snowball Earths ended. If regular volcanism is suppressed, that should slow down CO2 release into the atmosphere.
And then why the glaciers finally melt... KABOOM
That's the problem of this video, the videos seems to ignore the existence of Erebus and other tall Subglacial volcanoes that grow above the glaciers top
"And when the glaciers finaly went away, the volcanoes came out to play"
"When the glaciers finally went away - The volcanoes came out to play." LoL !!!!!
By the way you're my favorite UA-cam channel
This is way too entertaining for the subject matter
MinuteEarth - нормальный канал, пока не начинают толкать свою зеленую повестку
Glaciers: “How to beat fire mountains…..let’s smother it”
can't believe Blue Sky's Ice Age movies have been keeping the volcanos from destroying society as we know it
engineer gaming