Techno-Economic Feasibility of Zero Liquid Discharge Projects

Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) is a wastewater management technique that eliminates liquid waste discharge going outside of operating plants. This has attracted renewed interest worldwide in recent years. The concept of establishment of ZLD may be good but it cannot be generalized and implemented hastily and uniformly over the entire country as it emits more carbon leading to global warming and generate huge amount of hazardous solid waste occupying more landfill land. Further ZLD also requires high operation and maintenance cost for its execution and running. In this lecture, we have done comparative techno-economic feasibility study for 2.5 MLD capacity effluent treatment plant (ETP) to meet the standard discharge norms and to meet ZLD norms based on environmental parameters considering power consumption, CO2 emission, solid waste generation & chemical consumption and economic parameters considering capital expenditure & operational expenditure. Implementation of ETP to meet ZLD norms will require more land which may not be available with the industry within premises or in the adjoining area. Each state has its own uniqueness about its eco system and the environment. The disposal of treated effluent inside the Sea/Estuary is a better choice as huge dilution is available and the impact on the marine eco system will be minimum.

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