Tapeworm Infection: Symptoms, Causes, Life Cycle, Diagnosis, Treatments, Complications & Prevention

Tapeworm Infection: Symptoms, Causes, Life Cycle, Diagnosis, Treatments, Complications & Prevention
Tapeworm infection, or taeniasis, is caused by parasitic flatworms (Cestoda) that reside in the digestive tract of humans and animals. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea or constipation, increased appetite, visible tapeworm segments in stool, and anal itching. Infection is typically caused by ingesting tapeworm eggs or larvae from contaminated food or water, undercooked meat, poor hygiene, or contact with contaminated surfaces. The tapeworm life cycle involves ingestion of eggs or larvae, larval development, migration to organs, formation of adult tapeworms in the small intestine, and egg shedding in feces. Diagnosis is through stool examination, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment includes anthelmintic medications like praziquantel, albendazole, and niclosamide, with surgery needed in rare cases. Complications can include intestinal blockage, malnutrition, and neurological symptoms. Prevention involves thoroughly cooking meat, practicing good hygiene, avoiding raw or undercooked meat, and ensuring proper sanitation.
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