The Silesian Uprisings (1919 - 1921) - How Poland Seized Silesia
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- Опубліковано 18 гру 2024
- Poland during WW1 was established as the so-called Kingdom of Poland (1917-1918) as a puppet state of the Central powers during the First World War. Polish army commander Józef Piłsudski didn't listen to the Germans so the new state was no success. After World War I Poland became an independent nation, named the Second Polish Republic (Rzeczpospolita Polska). After the Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921) was fought Poland's eastern borders were secured. The western borders were established after the Greater Poland Uprising (1918-1919), led by Józef Piłsudski, and the Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921), led by Wojciech Korfanty (and his Wawelberg Group). These are all important moments in the history of Poland. In this video we are going to look at the latter one.
History Hustle presents: the Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921): how Poland gained Silesia.
Learn more about the territorial change of Poland:
• Territorial Changes of...
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This history on location was filmed on the 25th of April 2019 in Katowice, Poland.
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Learn more about the territorial change of Poland:
ua-cam.com/video/xxHp1JXvjeM/v-deo.html
I was born in Katowice. Thanks for this short video. Silesia is Silesia !! Greetings from Tasmania-Australia.
Thanks for your reply.
Tez urodziłem się w Katowicach, obiecnie jestem w Melbourne, Australia. Pozdrawiam 😀
Against a lot of comments: Fact is, that the German-Polish border was no more disputed since 1366. This year the Polish king recognized Silesia as a part of the medevial German Empire. In the decades before a lot of regional slavic rulers had germanized themselves by intermarriage. They wanted cities modeled after German law, because those communities could be taxed higher than Polish cities.
Yet, up to the present Polish nationalists bring up the false story of brutally germanized Silesia. In reality this was a non violent cultural process which lasted for centuries.
it was germinased!
Friedrich II von Hohenzollern didn't even let non-german people to "stay in group" in Wrocław (Breslaue in german)
d-nm.ppstatic.pl/kadr/k/r/2c/ef/62fc01a00ce64_o,size,933x0,q,70,h,f4ac55.jpg
basically they couldn't have their own teachers, local structure or even take marriage, all of that was only for german-speaking people.
Prussian rule did "Sprachparagraph" later on pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragraf_j%C4%99zykowy
After that under prussian rule slavic-speaking people couldn't even buy land, there is great documented example of Michał Drzymała
pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Drzyma%C5%82a
There are many notes on silesian writers that were "against germanization".
@@rudolfkraffzick642 silesia in germany/prussia : 200 years
Silesia in austria: 200 years
Silesia in Czechia :300 years
Silesia in Poland: 500 years
@@hity7026When were these 500 polish years of Silesia?
I'm an American but my father and his parents were Germans from Silesia, Videos like this one help me understand the time and place my Opa and Oma knew as home.Thank you.
Thanks for your reply.
Lower Silesia was fully germanized in the 19th century, prior to that, Polish-speaking communities existed. In Upper Silesia, especially around Opole, there were many Poles. Of course Germans would tell you that it's pure German land, when it wasn't. Many were bilingual and spoke their native Slavic tongue or dialect of Polish next to German, but considered themselves German to avoid discrimination.
Interestingly enough, Silesian who emigrated to the US prior to the Kulturkampf by Bismarck, considered themselves Polish and that they speak Polish. You should check out the Texas Silesians.
Anyway, that region was always a hotspot for conflicts because it was ethnically diverse.
That's so interesting to read. Thanks for your comment!
@@davidkener3754 yea everything was Germans even Asia Australia Africa and America
D K obviously some people from lower Silesian would have identified themselves as “Germans”. They probably spoke German, and lower Silesia was also occupied by Germany later in time, which somehow made it a part of Germany. Still many people didn’t identify as polish or German, they identified as Silesians. My Grandparents were Silesians (lower and upper Silesia) and when you asked them where they were from, they would have told you “we’re Silesians”. Both of them identified as Silesians . Of course Silesian and German cultures are very similar,and many people spoke German as well as a Slavic form of Silesian, which made them very similar to the Germans and since they were occupied by Germany, a lot of people might have identified as Germans from that point on . (In lower Silesia the Slavic dialect was not as widely spread as in upper Silesia). Still Silesians are a mix of polish, Czech and German people and I think they have their own kind of cultural identity. They’re neither German nor polish, nor Czech.
After the war my grandparents got expelled to Germany, got a German passport and assimilated to the German culture. They were just seen as Germans and didn’t like being seen as “foreigners”.
@@domiharrison9364 Yea right and that is why we now all speak your silly English !!
@@sovaoriginal5377 I 100 percent agree with you! Only for me it's my parents who emigrated and not grandparents. On one side I'm happy because the probability that they could be killed was higher if they'd have emigrated earlier. Although I was born in Germany, I proudly feel Silesian just as someone from Bavaria would say they're Bavarian. I hope that Silesians in Śląsk today also one day get more minority rights and recognition of Silesian as a language. #freesilesia
Are you aware of how many history-oriented channels I'm subscribed to decided to upload today? Sixteen! I'm dying over here. :)
Seriously though great video! Will you also make one about the Greater Poland Uprising?
Funny! Guess its just one of these days. Thanks for taking the effort of replying. When I will go to Poznan again I will cover the Greater Poland Uprising. I was wondering, what were your thoughts about the Stepan Bandera episode?
ua-cam.com/video/luFVfcW7yAE/v-deo.html
@@HistoryHustle Oh, I liked it very much too. Even though the word "like" feels slightly inappropriate here, given how heavy, controversial and depressing the subject of that video is. I think you did a great job presenting it.
Oh, yes! The Greater Poland uprising, please!
@@Artur_M. I feature the winged hussar 😁👍
Never knew there was an uprising in Silesia up until that point! Even though i thought I was pretty good at history especially in WW1 until the of WW2 there is still much I have to learn.Thank you a lot
Here is an overview episode you may find interesting
ua-cam.com/video/gRRNVP_WDew/v-deo.html
It happened after Germany was trying too hard to control Silesians, and they were fed up, with a few changes in history, Silesia would be it's own country, but Polish promises of autonomy and recognition as well as freedom, enticed them to join Poland, however, they ended up being lied to, which honestly isn't surprising as most governments lie to get what they want, and silesia was rich, it was needed by Poland to rebuild the rest of the country.
Greetings History Hustle. I'm a native Silesian from Opole Region. Many historians estimate that even 80% of the population in Upper Silesia were Polish-Speakers.
Okay, thanks again for replying 👍
Say that to german
Upper Silesia yes, but Lower Silesia was almost completely populated by Germans from the 13th century till 1945.
@@JonasGraf00 "Lower Silesia was almost completely populated by Germans from the 13th..." - nope, until Bismarck's "Kulturkampf" even Wrocław (Breslau) was encircled by Polisch villages.
@@RitterDesHimmels1 Could you send me a link for a trustworthy source for this?
Wow, great video! I was born in Pyskowice in Silesia.
Thank you for replying.
The film “ Salt For Silesia “ was a powerful documentary . I can’t remember the director ???
I do know Salt of the Black Earth.
Kazimierz Kutz +
@@HistoryHustle You right
OMG you were in Katowice. My place of birth and living.
Yes, nice visit it was.
@@HistoryHustle polution is enormous but apart from that it is really nice
four silesian uprisings ! thanks anyway , good job.
Ok!
Great and informative video, but there is one confusing detail. The Silesian Uprisings took place in Upper Silesia, roughly 20%, of Silesia proper. Ultimately, only a portion of the territory in dispute was awarded to Poland. After all was said, done and settled, 90% of Silesia proper remained in Germany until 1945.
Thanks for your reply!
There were 2 plebiscites in Silesia to settle this.
My dad is from Silesia and my mom is from I think lesser Poland
Thanks for sharing.
We SIlesians are neither German nor Pole The Germans settled on our land mostly in Lower Silesia in the 1600's the Poles During the Industrial revolution as Silesia was comparable to the UK at that time , the first locomotive exported from the UK was to Silesia the Germans and the Poles occupied the towns and cities while we Silesians lived on our land in small hamlets as we always have.During the Plebiscite when asked by the Italians as in registration if we were German or Polish the reply was Silesian which meant some of us were German though the majority us were classified as Poles the LON believed they were handing a part of Silesia (where my family is from) to the Poles That's why the result was a shock to them came hence the reason why they ignored the result of the referendum. If there's anything you want to know about Silesia I'm your man.... ask away
Thanks for sharing this information.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki Du müsstest, soweit du der Richtige bist, die Deutsche Sprache beherrschen, und weil ich weder mit Gary Jones noch mit History Hustle in Kontakt treten möchte ist mir Deutsch weitaus lieber als Englisch. Außerdem beherrsche ich Deutsch besser. Es ist völlig egal wie man sich fühlt, man macht aus einem geistig gestörten Mann auch keine Frau, sonst würde dass dann bedeuten dass alle Frauen gestörte Männer sind, und das ist wohl falsch. Wer Pole ist und wer nicht haben die Polen bereits vor 960 n. Chr. ausgemacht. Man kann leicht erkennen welche Völker sich als "Polen" (ob sie sich als Polen bezeichnet haben, weiß ich nicht, sie haben sich aber als eine Nation verstanden) bezeichnet haben. Man geht von den Polanen im Inneren aus und "baut" sich immer weiter nach Außen vor. So trifft man auf die Pommoranen welche die Polen am Meer waren, die Schlesier die die Polen in den Feuchten Gebieten waren, die Goralen in den Bergen, und so weiter und so weiter. Im Westen trifft man dann auf die Abodriten, im Süden auf die Mährer und Slowaken und im Osten auf die Rus. Alles dazwischen MUSS Polnisch gewesen sein, weil sonst die Eigenbezeichnungen der Völker keinen Sinn ergeben würden. Es ist also Fakt dass die Schlesier genauso Polen sind wie die Großpolen, Kleinpolen, Pommern, Masovier usw.
@@casimirusveneticus3963 You Patronising Plonker, Firstly you no nothing about me apart from an English name ! How many languages I speak , you say your German is better than your English, my Silesian "Slonsko" is better than my Polish. As for "960AD" Just because a Polish Prince took control of Silesia for a brief moment in history, it doesn't mean it's Polish, otherwise the French can claim England belongs to them because the Norman's defeated the Saxon's at the battle of Hastings 1066. Get real, you paint a picture that Silesia was inhabited until some Piast turned up and spread his seeds. Of the 200,000 (70,000 Silesian's)people in the Polish Free Army During WW2 My dad was one of them . He served under not only a General though a saint as well Andres's Polish 2nd Corps , Italy 1943 to 1947 His cousin who served in the Polish 1st Armoured Division, Normandy to Germany 1944 to 1947. My father and 97% of the personnel in the Polish Forces changed their identities, names etc to protect families back home should they be captured , normally they would be tortured first then shot "Hitler's orders" especially we Silesian's, Pomeranian's who made up the majority of the 112,000 deserters from the German Army who joined the Polish Free Army . Over 120,000 of these people settled in the UK after 1947 including 40,000 Silesians who never reverted back to their original names, instead most chose a English name like my dad Peter Jones. We have full incite to the Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide that took place in Silesia and Pomerania from 1945 to 1947 -51.
What have you been smoking, coming out with a meaningless drivel about mental health, leave that to the master himself, Sigmund Freud.
Oh have you had your mother in your thought's recently!
@@silesianslonskoeagle We in germany would say "Ok, und jetzt?". Ich schreibe weiter Deutsch, aus dem oben genannten Grund - Ich habe kein Interesse mit dir zu schreiben. Verstehst du das? Aber gut, wenn du an Aufmerksamkeitsmangel leidest, möchte ich dir helfen. Erstens rauche ich nicht. Zweitens beherrschte Polen Schlesien mindestens 375 Jahre (960 - 1335). Deutschland gerade einmal 205. Schlesien war nie unabhängig, somit gibt es weder eine schlesische Sprache noch eine Nation. Der Begriff Schlesier taucht erstmals mit den Polen auf. Polen sind im übrigen keine Polanen. Polanen waren ein Teil der Polen. Polen waren Kaschuben, Polanen, Opolanen, Slensanen, Golensitzen usw. Aber anscheinend sind für dich 375 Jahre nichts. Na dann schönen Tag noch Primat.
Silesians, the Welsh of Eastern Europe
The complex of the situation in The Upper Silesia was best pictured in the biography of Lewandowski of that time a soccer star Ernest Wilimowski: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Wilimowski
It is fascinating in the second Polish Republic 1918-39 how sport [not only football] was competed. There were clubs with Polish Jewish and German background and of course with the same followers. It added extra pepper to competition. It is also very interesting how Germans preformed football in occupied territories [included The general Government] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_in_occupied_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauliga_Generalgouvernement en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauliga_Danzig-Westpreu%C3%9Fen en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauliga_Wartheland en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauliga_Schlesien
Interesting, thanks for sharing!
No sound??
Check your system:)
If you thought peece was here You Rong Baybee!
Silesia had to be independent as holding it would give advantage to any party (PL/DE). Unfortunately, independence movements were shut against autonomous Silesians.
I see.
It would just become another “Free” City of Danzig with part Polish and part German populations that would be another excuse for war.
I feel sorry for Germany in this case tbh. Germany won the vote! Also by looking at your comments this is still a very controversial topic to this day!
Yeah, indeed! I was surprised...
It's said (at least in polish history books) that Germans cheated (to some degree) at the voting. And it's not like Polish was going to sit and let German ruled them for more years. We had enough. On the other side Germans was also ready to intervene if shit breaks up or if they loose voting. Nobody wanted to let go Silesia. Too crucial region for both Poland and Germany as well.
They "won" the vote by sending in tens of thousands of demobilised soldiers who did not reside in the area to vote in the plebiscite. :(
@@emaldir4067 good to know! I knew a different story.That just shows how controversial the topic is even today. It's better to leave it to the past.
@@silesia93 Or to the professional historians, not to underage internet warriors.
Who cares about the Cole mines? It’s the people who got ethnically cleansed, tortured, sent to Siberia, killed or chased ‘back to Germany’ where they went for the first time. And those who stayed - like my parents - were so traumatised and discriminated against their entire lives that two generations ended up with no equal opportunities to go to school, get medical attention or get legal protection against crimes. Myself, I am the oldest millennial and I had to experience discrimination from early childhood till my studies. Silesians are disrespected, not acknowledged as a separate ethnic group and perceived as Germans who deserve to be bullied and wiped out - this is our cost for what the Nazis did. But Silesians are not just Germans - we are a mixture of medieval Saxonians, Chechs and Moravians. Our Upper Silesia was bilingual: Silesian and German as the official language. When Prussia absorbed Silesia, we were part of Germany and one of the most prospering areas when it comes to sciences and culture - The university of Wroclaw was very important internationally and the city was second after Berlin in its metropolism. The biggest loss, in my opinion, is not some mines, but the cultural capacity, and humans - many of them lost, a great trauma that is almost forgotten by the world.
Look at the title of the video.
Silesia 🇨🇿
ok
regained*
Ok.
Silesia is Polish just as it always has been, except during periods in history when the Germans seized it by force.
I see.
@@HistoryHustle I really appreciate the response, especially as I enjoy all your fantastic videos, (and that’s coming from a retired teacher). Thank you!👍
everyone giving out about silesia being Polish or German, just realise it is apart of the EU so it makes very little difference what country it belongs to
Actually it does.
@@HistoryHustle maby but its moving towards federal state and places like ireland and poland will just be a state under the EU banner
The EU is a project in making and it was not meant to supersede nation states. The original purpose was to prevent the next French German conflict. Despite the fact EU was established three generations ago I do not see any signs of Germans morphing into French or vice versa and this is despite massive propaganda emerging from Brussels. Also, when the push comes to shove national interest immediately take priority over “European” ones, as amply demonstrated by German-made immigration crises and more recently by reactions to pandemic, which were diverse and reflected national interests.
It neither of them salesia is and was salesia they fought over this kingdom be it russia czech lithauen german or poland
So its neither of them the language mixed no one Steaks old origin salesia language anymore it got lost
Polish irredentism was always a thing, it still is today, I don't buy it that they don't want Ukrainian and Belarussian territories or some sort of union that benefits them on the long run. And no, it's not "Russian propaganda", whenever they could Poles showed their teeth. It's just that their position on the map doesn't really help them.
We do not want Ukranian or Belarussian territories
@@radwelliii4076 Sure you don't.
@@radwelliii4076 then why do poles cry about so called lost eastern poland that russian took from you on ww2 , mind you i am not on either side , but a pole get mad when others speak about polish (reclaimed lands from Germany). I think at this point everyone should be happy as there border is and leave it alone . And by the way why would italaians lie about germans winning the vote in Silesia ? We were enemies of germans in ww1 and italians were and still Pro-polish , even in Munich agreement Italy favored Poland in getting a little nibble from Czechia then Czechoslovakia , some poles hated to reminded of that but its true !
Are you yank
No, Dutch.
Oh yea your accent
Some village people in the southern state sound like you maybe they are dutch descenders
Could be!
@@domiharrison9364 No they don’t. Dutch settled what is today New York State. NYC was New Amsterdam, there is town of Amsterdam in upstate NY, Albany, the state capitol was established as a trading post on XVII and so on…. Nobody in the Southern US speaks with Dutch accent.
Dont worri now Germany is building army.
I see.
FREE SILESIA!!!!!!!
Ok.
From what?
I think silesia should be seperat seen none polish none german since they have both heritage
Silesia is ‘free’ as part of Poland - or do you want the Nazis to come back!?
It's already free
Your anti german undertone has not gone unnoticed
🤐
Quiet fuhrer