Exploring the boundaries of reality with physics | Janna Levin
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- Опубліковано 10 вер 2023
- A physicist discusses the boundaries of reality and experimentation.
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Theoretical cosmologist Janna Levin discusses the dynamic interplay between theoretical and experimental physics. She highlights how physicists navigate the tension between imaginative theorizing and strict adherence to observed reality - leading to both confining approaches within known laws, and explosive creativity that has transformed our understanding of the universe.
Levin explores questions about the nature of the cosmos, such as the possibility of multiple universes and the enigma of dark matter. She acknowledges the criticism that theoretical work on unobservable phenomena like the multiverse might not fit traditional scientific criteria, but argues that, in turn, nature may not conform to human definitions.
Levin emphasizes the significance of experimental discoveries, like dark matter's indirect detection through gravitational effects, in shaping our understanding. Ultimately, she asserts that scientific exploration challenges societal limitations, reshaping values and perspectives while underscoring the profound impact of gazing into the cosmos.
Read the full video transcript: bigthink.com/the-well/physics...
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Theoretical physicists and philosophers, etc. imagine scenarios that often times end up being tested and proven true or false. Imagination is a special type of intelligence not seen among any other life form on this planet. Thus it is precious ;and it is essential for us to value imagination, because it plays a vital role in the world of technology which is accelerating human evolution.
We couldn't have said it better ourselves! 💡
@@The-Well 🥂🤛🏾😊
Other animals dream too lmao, imagination is just modeling possible consequences to possible actions, pretty sure even snakes are capable of this.
Technology has evolved, human behaviour indicates we have not .
The external world yes, the internal reality, humankind still murders, maimed, fearful to the core, corrupt, devious, deceitful.
Know Thyself.
Namaste 🙏
Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.)
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. An artificial Christmas tree can hold the ornaments in place, but it is not a real tree.
String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What did some of the old clockmakers use to store the energy to power the clock? Was it a string or was it a spring?
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Dr. Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.
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Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length )
The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge.
Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms.
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
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the music distracts from jannas beautiful speech.
Thanks for the video 😃
Thanks for watching!
"we have to just shrug our shoulders and say, "Nature doesn't care if it satisfies our criteria for science." It just might be the way that it is and we just might have to accept that." -- Even Intelligent Design...?
We also are not able to observe the electron, or spacetime, or whatever. We just make observations of things we are able to observe and we describe what we observe with what we consider the most likely explanation, and this way we deduce the electron and spacetime and so on. I don't see how the multiverse is different.
We do what we don't want to because we have to do what the world's needs
Can knowing multiverse and dark matter or even just knowing there are countless number of galaxieys out there give human beings peace of mind and help solve current socio-economic and political problems that we face? I don't think so. I think that some physicists are over extraplolating when they seem to think that science has all the answers (although they claim it's not, but they seem to be). Especially, this problem becomes clear when we face quantum mechanics and the hard problem of consciousness
Science is about the curiosity to try understand nature, no one claims to know how all of nature operates, but by understanding aspect of thunder, now we use it to power your smart phone.
Socio-economic and political problems are their own doings, as it involves human to human interactions. Science is about human to nature interactions. Maybe fix your problem 1st by abandoning fiat currency that the dollar is build on, as if unlimited printing of money can solve the resource distribution problem. And it only works because the government behind the currency has the big guns to make you believe some paper with number on it matters like your life depends on it, in both sense whether right now (
Before guessing with weird concepts and which is purely based on a reductionist material mindset and assuming that was creative and relevant to reality, there was the forensic/deductive and empirical science method and which actually built and heated our modern world and of course eventually allowed people to see this through their electronic devices.
So a return to reason is called for and with some straight forward logic. By their very existence, all atoms are made from protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge) and so, have created electrical fields within themselves, due to the separation of charge. With the atoms that make up the molecules that make up the cells that make up our bodies, each having a voltage of 25 Millivolts, when in a healthy condition. And between 50 and 200 Millivolts when in healing mode.
We think and our central nervous systems work by way of electrical impulses. The environment in which we live (unless an astronaut) has a charge differential between the negatively charged earth and the positively charged ionosphere rising by about 100 Volts per meter up through the atmosphere. Magnetic fields are seen throughout deep space and there is only one thing that creates magnetic fields and that is electricity.
Plus, the force of electromagnetism is 10^39 or 1000 billion billion billion billion times stronger than Newtonian Gravity, or even how the Einsteins (man and wife) fantasised about it back in the days of gaslight, the bending of the Electromagnetic Spectrum in the presence of matter on a flat bit of rubber-like cloth.
So, as we are obviously electromagnet beings living in a totally electric environment and not one dreamed up in fantasy wasteland.
i saw this video on "Big Think" channel, is "The Well" the original content creator?
Big Think is our parent channel; The Well is a partnership between Big Think and the John Templeton Foundation, so occasionally our content is crossposted and shared between our two channels! 💡
@@The-Well Thank you for the explaination!
What if the freedom of choices is one of basic law and understanding of multiverse it self. 😕
You cannot dream about something you do not know ....
The inquiry from a spaciousness of not knowing, provide the Emptiness for Clarity to arise. Critical Thinking eh???
Namaste 🙏
Ikrrrrr 😩 physics community is awesome I love its love for rigor but it isn't good enough There are some things that we just can't answer if we follow the tradition like if the Big Bang did create the universe what exactly is the universe inside? I'm pretty sure the universe is infinite but that would make what's outside the universe more than infinite so does that mean the universe isn't infinite? And saying there's only one universe is almost illogical so where the hack are they? And is this thing that contains our universe (multiverse) is that the end? Logically it shouldn't be and if that's the case this cycle should repeat infinitely right? But anything infinite is BS so we certainly won't find the answers to these anytime soon and that's why here's my petition to make Physics 2.0 I don't need sleep I need answers!
It almost sounds like you’re saying we should prioritize intuition rather than standard scientific method. If that were the case, we’d still be stuck with Newtonian physics. Science is the process of trial and error, you cannot improve upon it. If physics can’t currently answer questions you have, perhaps of course there is more to discover, yet perhaps as well they are simply bad questions.
@@anywallsocket 'course not.
Imagine if that was all I had to say would be funny as hell Anyway here's the thing while it's true that I only want answers and I don't care who's providing them I'm not dumb enough to believe any baseless speculations unless proven I won't even consider it hypotheses HOWEVER I will extensively talk about them until I get a satisfying answer I'm very imaginative and like think of every possibility if I stopped doing that I wouldn't be me so I think as long as I don't believe anything that can't be proven I'll be good
@@liam8370 bro what are you on about
@@anywallsocket lmao I'll try my best to be more organized next time and I really need to stop skipping steps
If even this is incomprehensible then I believe we are not even on the same page
@@liam8370 You don't even seem to realize physics and science in general are the sum total of contributions from individuals. Instead you're treating it like some detached thing that you should have access to like google and that it should be somehow complete. How about before petitioning for physics 2.0, you actually try and contribute to the sum of human knowledge first? Maybe then you'll come to appreciate what we already have and how hard it was to attain.
Wasn’t the Big Bang theory brought into question by the James Webb telescope?
In terms of the basic logic there seems to be no difference between Lorentz transformations(that led to special relativity) and the latest so called SW maps in physics!!! The basic logic here is : Cast two "canonical" variables as two simultaneous equations so that they cannot be determined independently!!! The only significant difference is incorporating QM noncommutation(so called Heisenberg Algebra). Now both Lorentz transformations and Hesenberg algebra were inspired by experimental(empirical) results!! Lorentz was trying to match Michelson -Morely experimental results(in 1886) and Heisenberg was interpreting Schrodinger equation/Bohr's postulates that were in turn the logic to match Hydrogen spectrum!!! Therefore, the lesson here is the moments of (significant) departure for Theoretical Physics were always led by experimental/empirical endeavours!!! In future may be our ASI might become so intelligent that it would reverse this trend!!!
[Although 'Special relativity' appears to be a special case of "dependent origination", a doctrine of Nagarjuna, a Buddhist monk, it took mathematical turn only with the aid of experimental/empirical evidence].
Sure, yes, but comparing dark matter to multiverse is a stretch. No one is claiming x or y shouldn’t ever be explored, if anything you’re just seeking more funding for theoretical results that may or may not pan out. But dark matter isn’t even well established like the speaker implies, what we found could just be an issue with Einstein’s gravity, or new quantum physics. The multiverse is basically by definition out of reach, so even if the universe works like that, we cannot ‘accept’ such an idea, simply because it may be impossible to test. I’m all for the liberalization of science, but it needs strict conservative structure to function properly, otherwise you’re inviting scholarly publications of pseudoscience.
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