the making of independent india's constitution, 10th class social 18th lesson in telugu IIKings dsc

the making of independent india's constitution, 10th class social 18th lesson in telugu IIKings dsc
#the making of independent india's constitution #10th class social 18th lesson in telugu #Kings dsc #ap dsc latest news today
Federal System with Unitary Bias
The constitution establishes a federal government system in India. All the expected features of a federal state such as two government levels, division of power, supremacy and rigidity of the constitution, written constitution and bicameralism are present. But, the constitution also contains many features of a unitary form of government such as single citizenship, strong centre, single constitution, flexibility of constitution, all-India services, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, emergency provisions, and so on. In addition, the term ‘federation’ is not mentioned in the constitution. Article 1 says India is a ‘Union of States’, implying -
The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement by the states.
States do not have the right to secede from the federation
Parliamentary Form of Government
The parliamentary form, borrowed from the British system, is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive. This form of government is alternatively known as the Westminster model of government. It is also called responsible government and cabinet government. According to the constitution, not only the centre, the parliamentary form is followed even in the states.
In India, the features of the parliamentary form of government are as follows:
Nominal and real executives
Rule of the majority party
Collective responsibility of the executive to the legislature
Membership of the ministers in the legislature
Leadership of the prime minister or the chief minister
Dissolution of the lower House
There are some basic differences between the Indian and the British models, even though both follow the parliamentary form of government. The Indian parliament is not a sovereign body; the British Parliament is. Also, the Indian State has an elected head (since it is a republic) while the British head is hereditary (since Britain is a constitutional monarchy).
Parliament: Structural and Functional Dimensions
According to Article 79, there is a Parliament and 2 Houses or chambers - the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).
The President is the head of the executive and also a constituent part of the legislature. He performs many functions with regard to the Parliament.
However, the president cannot sit in or take part in the discussions in the houses.
The president summons and prorogues the houses whenever required.
He is also a vital part of the process of legislation in India as he has to give his assent to every bill passed before it can become a law.
He has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
At the start of the first session after each general election to the Lok Sabha and at the commencement of the first session each year, the President addresses both the chambers which is known as the special address.
Article 123 also gives the president the power to promulgate ordinances.
Consider the following statements
There are 12 Schedules in the Constitution of India. One of the first mentions of Schedules was made in the Government of India Act, 1935 where it included 10 Schedules. Later, when Indian Constitution was adopted in 1949, it consisted of 8 Schedules. Today, with the amendments in Indian Constitution, there are a total of 12 Schedules.
Tenth Schedule contains provisions relating to disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection. This schedule was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also known as Anti-defection Law.
Preamble is neither enforceable nor justifiable in a court of law. This implies that courts cannot pass orders against the government in India to implement the ideas in the Preamble. Preamble can be amended and it has been amended only once through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976.
An amendment of the Constitution can be initiated only by the introduction of a bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha) and not in the state legislatures.The bill can be introduced either by a minister or by a private member and does not require prior permission of the president.
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