How Are Super Capacitors Different From Electrolytic Capacitors
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- Опубліковано 11 жов 2024
- How Are Super Caps Different From Electrolytic Caps
The electrolyte forms an ionic conductive connection between the two electrodes which distinguishes them from conventional electrolytic capacitors where a dielectric layer always exists, and the so-called electrolyte, e.g., MnO2 or conducting polymer, is in fact part of the second electrode (the cathode, or more correctly the positive electrode). Supercapacitors are polarized by design with asymmetric electrodes, or, for symmetric electrodes, by a potential applied during manufacturing.
Double-layer capacitance - electrostatic storage of the electrical energy achieved by separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductor electrode and an electrolytic solution electrolyte. The separation of charge distance in a double-layer is on the order of a few ångströms (0.3-0.8 nm) and is static in origin.[15]
Pseudocapacitance - Electrochemical storage of the electrical energy, achieved by redox reactions, electrosorption or intercalation on the surface of the electrode by specifically adsorbed ions, that results in a reversible faradaic charge-transfer on the electrode.[15]
Double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance both contribute inseparably to the total capacitance value of a supercapacitor.[22] However, the ratio of the two can vary greatly, depending on the design of the electrodes and the composition of the electrolyte. Pseudocapacitance can increase the capacitance value by as much as a factor of ten over that of the double-layer by itself.[11][27]
Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) are electrochemical capacitors in which energy storage predominantly is achieved by double-layer capacitance. In the past, all electrochemical capacitors were called "double-layer capacitors". Contemporary usage sees double-layer capacitors, together with pseudocapacitors, as part of a larger family of electrochemical capacitors[11][27] called supercapacitors. They are also known as ultracapacitors.
Supercapacitors, Super Capacitor, Science, Technology, Capacitor Types, Guide, Tantalum Capacitor, Edlc, Power, Ultracapacitor
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I dig the added use of the led matrix display integrated into the bench and relevant message to the video content. 👍
Thanks!
Again, I've learned quite a bit from your channel. Thank you for the content!
Thank you for taking the time and making this very informative video.
You can search for a pocket sized automotive jump start pack that is built using supercapacitors. I keep one in my glove compartment and I have turned over 5-cylinder diesel engine with it.
Thanks for the overview Paul.
☮️ brother.
Important questions are where and when are the super caps used versus the standard electrolytic caps? I presume when line power is lost in critical circuits requiring back up power. Nice demo Paul.
In place of cmos batteries etc is the most common use.
Cool video Paul! Great information!
I think this will come in handy for my bifilar coil experiments 😁
This is likely a dumb question, but why did that big cap not bite you when held both of its leads between your thumb and finger after charging it? I've always thought that was a sure way to get zapped?
Edit: typo
I suspect a couple of things about the T7. One is that it may use the ATMega328, which is NOT for battery application. Two assumes an ATMega328p, and the firmware does not put the ATMega328p into an adequate low power sleep state. As such, it's draining the battery 24/7.
I would agree 100% buddy!
Nice video, as usual!! Is there any thermal consideration to be taken? I mean, do they get hot on charge or discharge or something? Thanks in advance!!
I have so many questions i have no idea how to ask the question.
The resistor on the leads gets hot to burn off energy on the cap. But a resistor restricts energy to a circuit. What stops the resistor from thermal run away? What stops the resistor from bleeding a battery dry? Did you understand the question. I'm stuck in a rut not learning more about how this stuff works.
As long as you don't exceed the resistor's power rating(how much heat it can dissipate and not burn) then you're good. Nothing stops it from bleeding a battery dry, so uh, don't do that. No problem for a capacitor though. At 2.7v the 1megaohm resistor used here would dissipate around 7 microwatts, practically nothing; a much lower value like 50ohms could very well be used, dissipating 0.15 watts that a 1/4 w size could handle just fine.
You're using a 1M ohm resister to discharge a 40F capacitor. Calculate the RC time constant. After 15 _months_ it will be down to 63% of its original charge. Or am I missing something?
Also, electrolytic capacitors don't use paper. The dielectric is actually an oxide layer a few atoms thick on the metal anode. The electrolyte acts as the cathode. Applying voltage with the wrong polarity will chemically remove the oxide layer and cause a short.
The resistor is NOT for discharge (I said that in the video) it is to keep them discharged in the storage area. I've torn apart and blown up a great number of electrolytic caps, they do in fact use a paper separator. I'm sure they can be manufactured in the way you have described as well. Peace.
@@learnelectronics Ok, I stand corrected (actually, I'm sitting at the moment).
In fact, as you said, electrolytics typically do contain paper. They just don't use it for the dielectric, which is what I mistakenly thought you had said. The paper is soaked in electrolyte and forms the cathode. The dielectric is a very thin oxide layer on the metal anode.
I still find it amazing that a supercap discharging through a 1M resistor would have more than half of its original charge left after 15 months. Maybe I'm easily amazed.
I'm so glad we could have this little chat. Thanks for your always interesting videos. Take care. 🤓
Fundamentally they're both separated by a dialectric right? The only difference is the space between the two plates. The closer the plates the higher the capacitance, the further the plates the higher the voltage. That being said, seperate the plates further in a super capacitor and it'll become a capacitor. Thats why these definitions are a bit funny to try categorize but I can see why we need to
I gotta get me some of those!. Biggest I have is 33000 uf
I making a 9>14v AC>DC circuit for train LEDs with an LM7805 and LED strip with current resistors 5v, should a storage cap be on the input or output of the regulator?
Both. Check data sheet. I think it's .1uf in and out. Also use a large reservoir (2200 or so) across the rails for smoothing.
What are their applications?
Ultra rapid charge/discharge
I thought that they are typically used for memory backup in electronic devices instead of using a separate small battery.
@@rogerwilco5187 Interesting
I dont understand. I have seen that electrolytic capacitor have a dielectric soaked in a solution mostly the dielectric is a brown paper with a smiling solution soaked in it
Supercaps don't use the paper dielectric. Only an electrolytic solution between the plates.
Super cap? Lol you guys really get assinie.
Supercapacitor = this dumb name causes all the trouble, they are not really very "Super" Look at the ESR values on the small ones, not to mention the very low working voltages.
The correct name is Ultra Capacitor. But most folks refer to them as super caps so thats what I did. They have their niche, and it is ultra rapid charge and discharge under high power.