I quite often split multi-integral calculations in this way (over radius and sphere). It is common that the integral over the sphere needs to be split again into an integral over the inclination (or latitude) and a sphere of lower dimension.
Start watching the video. Pause after a few minutes to look sth up on wikipedia regarding the topic on hand. Spend 3 hrs researching and trying out stuff. Find the open browser tab with the video. Watch video til the end and realize, that you just learned, what he explained in the following minutes. You, sir, are an absolutely amazing teacher.
Thank you for sharing this high class mathematics that I have never seen it. It would be great motivation why I have to study harder. You are such a great teacher. Thank you!!!
This is a really cool way to do polar integrals, wish I'd been taught this. I had a question for you, by the way, regarding how Multivariable Calculus is traditionally taught. I'm prepared to go into a Mathematics PhD in order to be a professor, and I find it a little weird how Multivariable calculus is taught. Some schools split multivariable calculus into two sections (the first doing partial derivatives and multiple integrations, and the second doing vector calculus with line, surface integrals and divergence/stokes theorem.) The end of multivariable calculus seems like a PERFECT lead-in to Differential Geometry for differential forms, hodge operators, generalized stokes' theorem, etc. However, those topics aren't taught typically in any undergrad courses, and is only touched on in one graduate-level course at my university. Is there any reason this connection isn't more smooth? I've only seen one multivariable/vector calculus book that goes into differential geometry/forms. Do you see a reason why this isn't included after the discussion of divergence/stokes' theorem? For schools that put multivariable calculus in one section, I can see a time constraint not allowing this, but if you are doing two sections of multivariable/vector calculus, I don't see a reason why this wouldn't happen. It seems natural to include it. Thanks again.
Firstly, I really think the first step would be to move from traditional vector calculus to geometric calculus, which does cover the generalized Stokes theorem and Cauchy's theorem in a single stroke (heh). So there is time to cover some introductory differential geometry in such a course.
Thanks for explaining so nicely! I have a question: @8:20...I thought we had wanted to integrate f over D. But, the level surfaces are of another function H...Where does H come from...How does it relate to f and D?
It's like when we integrate along a fixed value of x or y (a strip of area in the input space) and then integrate with respect to the strip of area over the entire region over which we are integrating when we do double integrals in Cartesian coordinates.
So, you say we take the Hausdorff measure of the hypersurface. Wikipedia indicates that in order to define a Hausdorff measure, one needs a notion of distance, so I am wondering which distance you are using here? The two natural ones seem to be the metric induced by the restriction of the metric of R^n on the level sets, or the infemum of the length of curves contained in the hypersurface that connects the two points? Or do these both give rise to the same (Hausdorff) measure?
@@drpeyam Oh that is weird, because the wikipedia article says that the normal measure on the sphere is the one induced the smaller angle between the two points (which should also be the smallest distance of a path connecting the points on the sphere when the radius is 1) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_measure
Hey, Dr Peyam! Awesome video as always. May I ask which drawing software you are using? I will be working as a tutor this semester and would very much like to use this program you are using!
I read in a book about advanced Calculus something called "A comparison criterion for convergence" and it's the following; Let {𝑎ₙ} converge to 𝑎. Then {𝑏ₙ} converges to 𝑏 if and only if there is a non negative number 𝐶 and an index 𝑁₁ such that: | 𝑏ₙ - 𝑏 | ≤ 𝐶 | 𝑎ₙ - 𝑎 |. Im having a lot of trouble understanding what this even means, and apparently its used for the rest of the book, can anyone explain it for me? Thanks! ❤️
My limited analysis knowledge wasn't enough to understand this :(. What exactly is the surface measure on a sphere? Is it just the jacobian wrapped up to look pretty?
I want to be like Dylan, Dr. Peyam etc. Solving Complex Mathematics looks so cool! I want to do research in Quantum Mathematics. Such that: I think Complex numbers r the subset of Quantum numbers. Simultaneously quantum numbers are the subset of the complex numbers. (I m not taking about binary digits) -A Brand New Extended Number System 🙏🏻
Eeemmm, so what? It's exactly the same formula, and ofc everyone who takes a serious calculus class is taught to do this. It's not in any general way better than the "usual" way to integrate a function (as I said, it is the same formula, actually) , only when f(x) is spherically/radially symmetric has it an advantage over the "standard" formula. In fact, in all other cases you still need to use the general dphi-dtheta integration first to determine the measure on a spherical/radial layer.
Omg love this way of doing polar coordinates! ✨✨
Reminds me of Gauss' Theorem for electric/gravity fields.
I quite often split multi-integral calculations in this way (over radius and sphere). It is common that the integral over the sphere needs to be split again into an integral over the inclination (or latitude) and a sphere of lower dimension.
Start watching the video. Pause after a few minutes to look sth up on wikipedia regarding the topic on hand. Spend 3 hrs researching and trying out stuff. Find the open browser tab with the video. Watch video til the end and realize, that you just learned, what he explained in the following minutes. You, sir, are an absolutely amazing teacher.
Peyam is an absolute unit...of measure.
Thank you for sharing this high class mathematics that I have never seen it.
It would be great motivation why I have to study harder.
You are such a great teacher. Thank you!!!
This is a really cool way to do polar integrals, wish I'd been taught this. I had a question for you, by the way, regarding how Multivariable Calculus is traditionally taught. I'm prepared to go into a Mathematics PhD in order to be a professor, and I find it a little weird how Multivariable calculus is taught. Some schools split multivariable calculus into two sections (the first doing partial derivatives and multiple integrations, and the second doing vector calculus with line, surface integrals and divergence/stokes theorem.) The end of multivariable calculus seems like a PERFECT lead-in to Differential Geometry for differential forms, hodge operators, generalized stokes' theorem, etc. However, those topics aren't taught typically in any undergrad courses, and is only touched on in one graduate-level course at my university. Is there any reason this connection isn't more smooth? I've only seen one multivariable/vector calculus book that goes into differential geometry/forms. Do you see a reason why this isn't included after the discussion of divergence/stokes' theorem? For schools that put multivariable calculus in one section, I can see a time constraint not allowing this, but if you are doing two sections of multivariable/vector calculus, I don't see a reason why this wouldn't happen. It seems natural to include it. Thanks again.
Firstly, I really think the first step would be to move from traditional vector calculus to geometric calculus, which does cover the generalized Stokes theorem and Cauchy's theorem in a single stroke (heh). So there is time to cover some introductory differential geometry in such a course.
Can you do covalent or ionic coordinates?
I want to subscribe more than once because of such awesome videos. Thanks Peyam for the content.
Again.. a beautiful proof❣️
Thanks for explaining so nicely! I have a question: @8:20...I thought we had wanted to integrate f over D. But, the level surfaces are of another function H...Where does H come from...How does it relate to f and D?
H is independent of f and only has to do with D. Think of H as slicing the region D, like slicing a ball into spheres
@@drpeyam Prof. Peyam, Thank you very much for your reply! I understand now.
Evans's measure theory book rocks!
I love that book so much!!!
It's like when we integrate along a fixed value of x or y (a strip of area in the input space) and then integrate with respect to the strip of area over the entire region over which we are integrating when we do double integrals in Cartesian coordinates.
How we can extending this result in n-dimensional case ?
This is in n dimensions
So, you say we take the Hausdorff measure of the hypersurface. Wikipedia indicates that in order to define a Hausdorff measure, one needs a notion of distance, so I am wondering which distance you are using here? The two natural ones seem to be the metric induced by the restriction of the metric of R^n on the level sets, or the infemum of the length of curves contained in the hypersurface that connects the two points? Or do these both give rise to the same (Hausdorff) measure?
Euclidean distance of course
@@drpeyam Oh that is weird, because the wikipedia article says that the normal measure on the sphere is the one induced the smaller angle between the two points (which should also be the smallest distance of a path connecting the points on the sphere when the radius is 1)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_measure
No that’s not the one I use, I use the one about Lebesgue measure stated in the wiki article
Hey, Dr Peyam! Awesome video as always. May I ask which drawing software you are using? I will be working as a tutor this semester and would very much like to use this program you are using!
Microsoft whiteboard and zoom
@@drpeyam Thank you!
What's that board app? Looks really useful
Microsoft whiteboard :)
Well, I think it's a brilliant idea
V cool content
I read in a book about advanced Calculus something called "A comparison criterion for convergence" and it's the following;
Let {𝑎ₙ} converge to 𝑎. Then {𝑏ₙ} converges to 𝑏 if and only if there is a non negative number 𝐶 and an index 𝑁₁ such that:
| 𝑏ₙ - 𝑏 | ≤ 𝐶 | 𝑎ₙ - 𝑎 |.
Im having a lot of trouble understanding what this even means, and apparently its used for the rest of the book, can anyone explain it for me?
Thanks! ❤️
Choose a=b=0 and a_n = 1/n^2 and b = 1/n and you get after cancelations 1
That result is wrong
You are simply above my understanding level :(
Cause i am in high school only;)
My limited analysis knowledge wasn't enough to understand this :(. What exactly is the surface measure on a sphere? Is it just the jacobian wrapped up to look pretty?
Actually, the jacobian is kind of the measure wrapped up ugly
@@Davidamp lol
I am 15 y. Still subed! I love mathematics actually, so just preparing for PhD
From this age u r preparing for PhD in maths really???
I am just seeking into the well of deeper mathematics. I am few months to complete my calculus for iit preparation.
@@Visputescooking r u preparing for jee advance?? Or wan to deep dive in Ocean of mathematics???
I want to be like Dylan, Dr. Peyam etc. Solving Complex Mathematics looks so cool! I want to do research in Quantum Mathematics. Such that:
I think Complex numbers r the subset of Quantum numbers. Simultaneously quantum numbers are the subset of the complex numbers. (I m not taking about binary digits) -A Brand New Extended Number System 🙏🏻
@@siddhantmisal4115 actually both
didn't he miss the final integration : int [ 2pi dr ] = 2pi * ( 1 / 2 )*r^2 = pi * r^2
Integral of 2pi dr is 2pi r
@@GaussianEntity oh right but he did not do that on video
@@michaelempeigne3519 Yeah he did skip that step
@@GaussianEntity i thought so
Actually taught in class. Physics class. Because we were not even close to multivariable in maths.
Eeemmm, so what? It's exactly the same formula, and ofc everyone who takes a serious calculus class is taught to do this. It's not in any general way better than the "usual" way to integrate a function (as I said, it is the same formula, actually) , only when f(x) is spherically/radially symmetric has it an advantage over the "standard" formula. In fact, in all other cases you still need to use the general dphi-dtheta integration first to determine the measure on a spherical/radial layer.
It’s not, did you watch the whole video?
@@drpeyam U should say to subscribe our channel and watch the whole video so that these people won't blame u that u didn't told us earlier!
It's significantly more general. You need some serious measure theory to actually prove this as well.
K Vispute I really should 😂