Capacitors in Audio Circuits: Part 1
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- Опубліковано 3 лип 2024
- In this video series, all aspects of capacitor design and function will be discussed in basic, easy to follow language. In Part 1, topics such as: Basic Construction of Non-Polar Caps, Categories of Capacitors (X and Y Safety Caps, Polarized vs Non-Polarized), Banded Caps, What Determines Capacitance and Voltage Rating?, Measures of Capacitance, and a Comparison of Different Dielectric Materials in Non-Polar Caps.
If you enjoy videos like this that actually explain rather than confuse, then please subscribe to my channel and gain immediate access to almost 150 similar videos.
If you would like to become a patron of this channel, please visit our site on Patreon and make a pledge: / uncledougsvintageamps Rusty, Jack, and I would really appreciate it :) ^. .^ ^. .^
You are the best teacher in electronics, wish I had seen this in a 20 years ago....A real eye opener!
Thanks so much, Peder. We're glad you found us :)
Well, I guess I've seen all you're videos now...and I feel soo educated I've studied swedish books and papers but I had to see your video's before I could really understand info about for instance ac/dc circuits ...great!...and you're funny too!
BTW what are your opinions on heater voltage, dc or ac? regulated or not?
In low to medium wattage tube amps: tube-rectified, AC filament voltage, unregulated. In more powerful tube amps, diode rectification, AC filament voltage, unregulated. In solid state amps: regulated DC.
Fantastic video! I love how you start with first principles and work up from there. I learned a lot about something I thought I already understood! Thanks. :)
You're welcome, Joe. While teaching math and science in a classroom, I found that developing a foundation of basics really helped. We will move on to more complex ideas in Part 2.
As always, such a joy to watch and learn from your great videos. Thanks!
You're welcome, Bill :)
I love your videos. For the quality of content but also the sense of humor and personality you have.
Thanks so much, Yuppi :)
...I'm so glad that I've found your channel ! I'm not being a kiss ass. I've been dealing in
vintage capacitors for 20 years or more. I know what they do in many ways, but not all.
I've always had questions regarding all of their function and reasons for the usage of
different materials used for the dielectrics.
You have a calm and easy style of demonstrating and teaching. Thank you.
BTW ... If you find old vintage caps ,( bumble bees , black beauties , Tigers , Sprague Vit Q, etc )
and they measure within the original values, please don't throw them away. I'll buy
them from you. Thanks again !
I've missed watching your videos Uncle Doug, I'm glad to see you are posting again!
We take a break every once in a while and focus on other hobbies, Connor. It's good to be back :)
Thank you again for all your efforts. You are super at explaining everything perfectly. Much appreciated, Sir!
Excellent Uncle Doug! As always You, Rusty and Jack are helping me understand my passion of tube circuits at a deeper level; can't wait for the rest of this series. Thanks
You're welcome, Mike. We would all be lost without the guidance of these two furry gurus. Part 2 will be uploaded soon.......so stay tuned :)
Happy to get a suggested new video posted from you Uncle Doug. Thanks!
You're welcome :)
Another great moment to start my Sunday!
Thanks Uncle Doug 🙌🙌🙌
I remembering when I was plugged a capacitor in a little audio circuit... So I discovered that they are in a wrong position (just scathe the audio output of my notebook)...
😸 Dear Lord!!!
You're welcome, Humberto. Yes indeed, when you install an electrolytic cap with the wrong polarity, it quickly notifies you of your error :)
Thanks Uncle Doug! Glad you, Rusty and Jack are back!
You're welcome, Bart. It's good to hear from you.
Thank you again Uncle Doug! It's a great joy and pleasure to learn from you. Rusty and Jack deserve SOME credit I suppose :) I have been looking forward to this series.
You're welcome, RR. We're glad this topic is of interest :)
Very informative as always Uncle Doug! Looking forward to the next installment!
Thanks, JC. Part 2 should be completed and posted soon.
A great companion to the resistor series for tube equipment.
I learn something from every one of your videos and enjoy the process also.
Thanks for these
You're welcome, Slim, and thanks for your nice comments.
Excellent Uncle Doug!!! As always!!!
Thanks, Joe :)
Thoroughly enjoyable, thanks for sharing! Looking forward to the second part!
You're welcome, CM. Thanks for watching :)
Well... It's Christmas in July, Uncle Doug delivers the video gift like none other. Like many enthusiasts, I've been waiting for this series and wasn't disappointed. Thanks Santa.
You're welcome, Denby. We're glad you enjoyed the video series.
Very useful and understandable. Thanks for providing info like this. You're a natural instructor.
You're welcome....and thanks for the nice comments :)
As one of the guys, who asked for this capacitor series, i am very glad, that you made this video. It is great to have a new series! i am really looking forward to the next episode. Keep up this good work!
This is by far my most favorite channel in youtubeland.
Thanks so much, PoB.....and yes, you were one of the viewers who requested this series. It sometimes takes a little while, but Rusty & Co. always keep the viewers in mind when choosing topics.
Totally love Jack and this capacitor stuff! Thank you Uncle your way of teaching, clarity and didacticism is superb!
You're quite welcome, HC. Thanks !!
Love the lawn art, Uncle Doug, I’ve been bedridden a couple of days, thank God I have your videos to entertain me
Thanks, Ideal. We hope you get well soon.
Great video Doug, many thanks. Rusty and Jack are a riot.
You're welcome, SS. Glad you enjoyed the antics of my helpers.
Hi Uncle Doug, Rusty & Jack, Most excellent tutorial on capacitors, answered a lot of questions. Rain is good. I hope all is well. Happy Summer, be good, C.
Rain is also quite rare around here, with only 1 inch of rainfall so far this year. We're glad the video was helpful. Our best to you :)
Well Uncle Doug, once again Jack, Rusty and you have taken me to school. Thanks for the in depth and well organized presentation.
You're welcome, Carla. Thanks so much for your very nice comments.
Hello there, recently come across your site and after watching just one video I subbed because it's what I've been looking for ! Now after watching for the last six hours I know I was right ! 👍
Back in the 70s I started some training in the electronic field but because of health issues had to stop and am now wanting to get to it again. Your excellent way of introducing the information is really starting to clear out the cobwebs so I believe I may not be a lost cause after all ! 😎
I may not do any work with music amps or the other stuff you do but it will help tremendously overall on the basics and that's exactly what I need right now.
From some of your videos I get the impression that you're in the same part of the country that I am, southwestern Arizona, if so, welcome neighbor !
A big THANK YOU for your time and effort !
Now I've got to watch the rest of your videos and hopefully blow out some more of those cobwebs !
You're welcome, Ken. We're glad you find the videos to be helpful. Yes, we live in the West Texas-Southern New Mexico area.....not far from you. Enjoy the rest of the videos :)
Thanks Uncle Doug! I truly enjoy the details in your explanations and the lighthearted presentation. It makes learning fun again!
You are very welcome, Dave.
I'm excited for part 2. Best electronics channel ever.
Thanks, AA. It should be out soon :)
Yet another brilliant educational video. My favourite channel by far, as much for the exploits of Rusty and Jack as for the exceptional teaching style which makes even the most technical of subjects easy to understand. Great work Doug
Wow, thanks so much, Steve. We're really glad to hear that the videos are clear and informative :)
I'm so glad that you, rusty, and jack are back; bringing us very informative and light-hearted videos.
We're glad you enjoy the videos, Keith.
Love your work Doug.
Thanks, Steve
Great video! thanks for sharing your knowledge! cant wait for part 2!!!!!
You're welcome, Nicholas. Part 2 should be completed soon.
Looking forward to part 2. Thanks Uncle Doug. I sure enjoy your style of teaching, even a (points at self) can understand.
You're welcome, KB :)
Love your videos, Doug. Invaluable source of education on these subjects. Thank you, Rusty, and Jack. ;)
You're welcome, SS. Thanks for your very nice comments :)
Some very useful information, well presented. I appreciate your no nonsense style, you have a gift for this!
One cap. type you didn't mention, probably because they are extremely uncommon and of limited use, is the vacuum capacitor. I came across one of these a few years ago, in an old 1940's MOD ammo box that was full of valve radio ham junk and components. I am an electronics engineer, but didn't have a clue what this thing was! Got rather a handy price for it, that practically paid for everything else in the box after researching it.
I am restoring a 1960's Marshall valve amp at the moment, so am working through all your gold mine of vids as I find time.
Thanks for your nice comments and interesting info, TW :)
You are such a great teacher, I am watching your video with pleasure, thank you.
Thanks. It's our pleasure, Franck.
Excellent video, Doug and Rusty. I eagerly anticipate the next instalment!
Thanks, BF :)
Thanks Uncle Doug for posting this series. I am a novice at this but I love working on vintage audio electronics. Your videos have been so helpful. Thanks again!
I'm glad the videos were helpful, Gary.
I look forward to every new video, and ive learned alot from them ....thanx Uncle Doug
You're welcome, Gary. There are more on the way, so stay tuned :)
Great Uncle Doug!! Thanks for sharing!
You're welcome, Fredi. Thanks for watching :)
Great lesson and overview!
Thanks, Luc :)
Another fine video Uncle Doug, and great to see the pets too!
Thanks, BK, from all of us :)
Great video Uncle Doug! Your showcasing of how you could use an air capacitor to dial in a more specific capacitor value was very intriguing! Can't wait till part 2!
Thanks, Dec.....glad you enjoyed it :)
Dear uncle Doug, love you vids!
Thanks, Jan :)
good stuff. thanks and good to hear from you again.
You're welcome, Kloner......likewise :)
Thank You Uncle Doug your the best!!!
You're welcome, Scott :)
Great video. looking forward to part 2. 👍
Thanks, Kris. It will be posted soon.
Your detailed explanation of capacitors in a guitar amp was very educational. What direction to wire in the lead connected to the shield was very educational. I have never heard anyone explain it before. So much valuable information in one video. Just the best, thank you for sharing your wisdom with us!!!
You're welcome, F1, and thanks for your very nice comments. We really appreciate it :)
love your videos uncle Doug hope you Rusty and Jack are doing great!! thanks
You're welcome, Duane. We are all doing quite well :)
Love your videos. Even for me as mentally challanged in electronics, this made me wrap my head bit more about caps.
I'm doing too much other stuff that seems make harder to get into electronics.
Thanks, NeZ. We're glad to hear the videos are helpful.
Very helpful and educational,with just the right amount of humour(Canadian spelling) and sarcasm.When I'm feeling blue your videos are uplifting.Cheers from your neighbour to the North.
Thanks, FB. Likewise on the good wishes :)
I think I saw a rather lovely car there...great video. Knowledge is the greatest gift .
Thanks, Paul.....glad you enjoyed the video.
Wow, thank you so much for breaking this down so well! You’ve answered a lot of questions I’ve had for a very long time thank you
You're welcome, James.
Thanks so much for your videos. I always enjoy them and learn so much. regards Rusty and Jack.Looking forward to part 2.
You're welcome, Martin. We're glad you enjoyed it.
I knew you was plotting a new series for us to enjoy. Tell Jack and Rusty hey.
Carl
This one was widely requested and long overdue, Carl. I'll tell them :)
Instant 'thumbs up'! Here in Poland is 2:44 AM, I was finally going to sleep but... OMG Uncle's new video! :D
Wow, thanks for staying up and watching, Echo :)
Okay, watched. I'll be taking few notes after sleep. Thank you for your next video. "Good night" :)
Good night, Echo, and sweet dreams about dielectrics and picofarads :)
3:48 a.m. Here in Florida, watching an Uncle Doug video! Never too late or early for a video from him!
Thanks, Bill. It's great to hear from viewers all over the world.....including Florida :) :)
Love the sonorous voice over that you provide ; subscribed and all alerts. Need to fing your other content. Just the right mix of facts and humour...bravo!
Thanks so much, PG. Welcome aboard :)
Uncle Doug has just the right touch for sharing his knowledge with anyone! I have been interested in electronics since I was twelve. I built a two-tube Tesla Coil in my ninth-grade Electric shop, then went on to self-learn TV repair well enough to tackle a RCA CTC6's CRT-conversion/replacement (a 21FBP22 -- all glass -- for a 21AXP22 -- metal anode/outer envelope) in my parent's den, when I was eighteen. It took all of the night between New Year's eve and the beginning of next day's 1962 Rose Parade (convergence had to be done on using a properly detailed black and white picture that would occasionally hold still, and purity/degaussing were accomplished with the aid of a soldering gun's magnetic field).I went on to found and operate Jim's semi-instant TV service from 1969 until the end of 1995. I qualified to be a Certified Electronics Technician in 1989. And so on; but, I hadn't a clue that Ceramic Capacitors were (are) microphonic, although I am familiar with the old-school Recoton and Astatic ceramic cartridges that boasted their three-volt outputs. I wonder how well a .047 uF disc Cap, having one lead ending in a three-mil radius, would reproduce audio from a 78 RPM record. How about a stereo cartridge that broadcasts high quality FM that is strictly dependent on a variable position-capacitance; would it be immune to hum? Cross-talk should be minimal. Talk it over with your dog and get back to me.
Thanks, Jim. I really like the idea of the ceramic disc cap being used as a phonograph cartridge. In fact, Rusty and I may try this out when we get a chance. Thanks for your input.
simply too good to be true. great job. thanks
You're welcome, JW....we appreciate your nice comments.
Great Teaching! Really enjoy all of your videos. I learn so much! Thanks!
You're welcome, Donny, and thanks for your nice comments.
Thanks for another informative video.
You're welcome :)
great video, added to fav's
Thanks, Wiz :)
Thanks for teaching people around the world... :)
You're welcome, Alek. It's a real pleasure to do so.
Uncle Doug - really appreciate your videos. Get to learn some really relevant info that helps understand the science of the tone and get to admire the legendary Rusty - what's not to like.
Thanks so much, Joe. We appreciate your kind comments :)
Thank you, Uncle Doug. Greetings from Denmark.
You're welcome, Jens......from the Sunny Southwest, USA.
Great video Doug!
Thanks, TK :)
Thanks again Uncle Doug for your video, always great and educational to watch, I look everyday would hate to miss one.
Oh I hope rusty and jack are looking after you and making sure you get your exercise regularly.
P.S. Really enjoyed the old video with your jeep in the desert always a treat to get an insight into another place.
Can not wait for part 2, 3 4 5 6 7 8 etc etc thanks
You're welcome, Oswald.....glad you enjoyed the video and the desert adventure. Part 2 should be posted soon.
Dear Uncle Doug, I have finely found a truly great channel for electronics, I am just a hobbyist, but love electronics. I restore vintage tube radios, and transistor radios, when I watch your channel I always learn something new about the concepts you are explaining. Thank you kindly for what you do for vintage electronics, have a very Marry Christmas and a Happy New Year...):
Welcome to our channel, Mark, and thanks for the very nice comments. Happy Holidays to you all.
Thanks for the education Doug. As a kid, I would play with those tuners from old radios. Finally, you gave me a good reason to own one. Cheers from Canada.
You're welcome, Dave. Likewise from West Texas :)
Very informative! I'm excited for next installment!!
Thanks, Evan. I hope to get Part 2 posted this week.
Thanks, Evan. I hope to get Part 2 posted this week.
Thanks, Evan. I hope to get Part 2 posted this week.
I learn something from every one of your videos UD... today: 'Interdigitate' - I love all your videos - thank you.
You're welcome, SL. It's a great word that you don't get to use very often :)
Came to learn about capacitors from my favourite teacher and as a super bonus learnt about ceramic cartridges! A super bonus since I love records and play em! I think the real reason Rusty and Jack are dedicatedly hands off is cos they know the videos are in good hands with Uncle Doug!
Thanks, CR. I'm glad the video was helpful :)
Great video - the cat scan made me chuckle. And if Rusty was a golden lab, I'm sure he'd be able to give you a lab report to go with the cat scan...
Thanks. That's a good one, Jack (good name, by the way ;). I'll share it with Rusty :)
Great stuff as usual
Glad you enjoyed it :)
Thx! i was waiting for these series. very happy! whyle studie this one, looking forward to the next one.
You're welcome, Stefan. It took us a while to do the research, but we've been meaning to cover this topic for many months. Glad you like it :)
Top channel. Keep em coming!
Thanks, APB.....we will :)
Fantastic has always Doug. Thank you for sharing.
All my best.
Bobby
You're welcome, Bobby. Glad you liked it :)
Great video lessons Uncle Doug. I have been watching tutorials last month in the way to learn to bias myself the amp I have, and I went through a lot of your videos on UA-cam Land as you say. I have learned you are a retired Teacher. I bet you have been and still are one of the best in the field. Myself I have never been interested to learn about amps and schematics in details before. Just only general knowledge. But for the circumstances, I have learn what I need to learn and to be prudent doing the bias myself. The participation of Jack and Rusty for the seconds they appear is stress removal. Cheers from Albania.
Greetings and thanks for your very nice comments, Agim. We're all glad to hear that the videos are helpful and that you are being very careful to follow the safety rules. We care about our viewers and only want the best for them.
Great video looking forward to the next one in the series!
Thanks, LT. Part 2 should be out soon.
I have two questions about the power supply of a schematic. It has a PI filter with two 470uf 700v caps. Would it work with two 1000uf 450V in series, 500uf?
The second part of this question is that the B+(590v) "goes out" from the first cap in the PI filter and not after the choke. It is UL connected to the OT if that makes any difference. Is it to keep the choke as small as possible and what would happen if you were to connect it as pentode?
Sorry for the long question but I've tried to do my research but can't find any answer :(
You're the champ
Two 1000uf @ 450V caps in series would be equivalent to 500uf @ 900V.....which would work just fine in place of a 470uf @ 700V cap. I don't know the answer to your second question.
Thank you Doug! (and Rusty)
You're welcome, Seb :)
Hello there, i've been studied in every basic component of your videos, you giving me the best explanation.. and gues what... Youre the best teacher on that subject. I'm failling much about the function in the past study... Now this is much more of a joy to learn it again. Can't wait to see your new video soon... Terimakasih!
Glad to hear that, Ilham. It's our goal to help viewers learn about tube amp circuits. Sama sama Semoga berhasil.
Thank you very well explanation on Caps learned a lot .
You're welcome, Pat.
I really appreciate your instructional and educational presentations. I have learned so many things! For some reason, I seem to understand things , when you explain them, that I could not grasp before. You put things in the right order - first defining important words and integrating the ideas with what you have explained before. You use simple, accurate, and unambiguous language. You are one of my favorite teachers. Thank you for providing this information and presenting it so well.
You're welcome, Tao. We really appreciate your very nice comments and are quite glad that you find our videos to be clear and helpful.
Great video, more than I ever knew that I didn't know! I was wondering how Rusty stayed so young and vibrant, but now I know; it's the motor oil he drinks! I'll have to try that myself LOL.
Thanks, James. It's actually a very fine Bordeaux wine :)
Thank you so very much! You are an extraordinária teacher!!!
Wow, thank you for your nice comment.
Thank you for a very interesting video.
You're welcome, Francis.
in the 1951 rider publishers put out a series of booklets by Van Valkenburgh , Noogoer , and Neville, Inc. called basic electricity. there was 6 booklets or 1 book covering the 6 booklets. starting with where electricity comes from and ending with transistors. this was a training series for the U.S. Navy They also put out a series called Basic Electronics in 6 booklets also from power supplies to receivers. There are also some other books for industrial electronics. They do not go into such great detail as your series but are great for slow learners that need pictures to help them learn.( navy remember) this series is very rare BUT it is available on line . I don't remember the web address .I have most of these books since 1950's. this was my training before becoming an electrical engineer for the phone company. I have been watching most of you videos since because of my age I've forgotten most of what I learned almost 70 years ago.
I have also been a car nut since my 1956 Studebaker golden hawk. Put a 1959 Pontiac 389 v 8 in It . Back in the 1960's. sorry to say the stock hood would would not close because the 4 barrel sat to high. A scoop solved the problem.Talk about a sleeper. Drive in night fun just outside of Chicago. Oak lawn Ill. Keep up the teaching . we love it.
Thanks so much for the detailed input, Ken. We will :)
thanks uncle doug ,,,thumbs up,,
You're welcome, Edward :)
As always Douglas, an exceptionally well presented, as well as eloquently conveyed, video …your aims and objectives certainly come over clearly, and easily understood.
Whilst appreciating the fact it is best to adhere to one genre: and do it right, I can’t help thinking how much greater your electronics theory, and application, would be if your videos included, along with your guitar amplification, and juke boxes; vintage radio, and possibly vintage television, also. Sure, the latter two vintage electronics genres, especially vintage radio, are constantly added to here on You Tube. Though a fair percentage of vintage radio men clearly know their subject, a number don’t appear to have an ability to convey their knowledge and skills sufficiently to spark the interest of newbies, or inspire those, whose knowledge is at present limited, to access further reading in this subject. You, on the other hand, are one of a small number of people, out here in ‘You Tube land’, who not only has an in-depth knowledge of electronics, especially vintage electronics, but also has a great skill at conveying its mechanics.
This is purely a thought my friend.
Regards,
Phil.
Thanks so much, Phil. I did indeed work on vintage radios, particularly the cathedral-style table radios of the 1930's, for many years, but lost interest and moved on to tube guitar amps. I will definitely keep your suggestion in mind, however, and sincerely appreciate your very positive appraisal of my presentation skills. Meanwhile, we all wish you the very best.
I work in a place where we do a lot of PCB's and hand wiring. We have a wave solder machine and a whole electrical lab. We use almost all mylar film type caps. Once in a while you will see a polymer but for the most part it's all film. Super video. Like a free college level course!
Thanks, 6S :)
Simply fantastic. Thank and God bless you for (our) continued education. It's fun to know:)
You're welcome, Jef.....glad you enjoyed the video.
Man, you are a treasure...
Thanks, Diego.
Everything you always wanted to know about caps but were afraid to ask...Thank you for sharing your vast knowledge on the subject of electronics. Thus is so much better than any book could ever hope to be.
You're welcome, Jack. I'm glad the series was helpful.
Never be afraid to ask. Otherwise, how are you going to learn?
I hardly ever comment on anything on here good or bad…. But I’ve got to say…. You’re an incredible teacher, from what I’ve heard thus far…. A great guitar player…… and I will continue to devour your videos every free moment I can because you’ve taught and put every subject and topic in your lessons here so masterfully and simply (as humanly possible anyway lol) it’s an example of great art in and of itself. I’d pay for this lol. Thank you man…. I’m building my first amplifier kit (A Mojo Tone 57 Champ Kit) and thanks to you I understood every single component of it throughly and could appreciate it that much more. Again and truly from the bottom of my heart Thank you and I’m honored to consider one of my teachers and pass this incredible wealth of knowledge along to every amp and gadget nerd in my circle. Looking forward to seeing all of what you put out.-Teddy
Wow, thanks for all the wonderful comments, Teddy. We really appreciate them and wish you the very best with all your projects and continued electronics education.
Thank you for doing this series, I have always wondered exactly how caps do that thing they do and you explain things in a way that is easy to understand, I can read teach data all day and it barely sinks in lol
Also, "cat scan" awesome !!
Tech not teach :)
You're welcome, John. We sincerely hope that this series is clear and helpful :)
We owe you so much Master.
You are too kind, Fuga.....and Rusty really deserves the credit for this series. He did most of the research :)
+Uncle Doug you are totally right, without Rusty we wouldn't be as thorough. Thanks Rusty! ^_^
Rusty says, "You're welcome, Fuga" :)
Indeed very good videos. I also learned things I already had learned since ever. I believe that the theoretical engineer behind that is Rusty.
Thanks, Sarah. Rusty was indeed the driving force behind all our earlier videos :)
I have no pet, can I still do electronics? But really, this is the best course on electronics for audio that I've found so far. Enlightening.
It's hard to say, Francois. Pets make just about anything go better :) Thanks !!
thank you and rusty for taking the time to show the disappearing art of electronics.It reminds me of bob ross the painter very cool in your professionalism.please keep finding new projects because you rule
You're welcome, Dan. Thanks so much for your very nice comments.
Hi Doug
Yes, Excellent looking forward to the next episodes I always like your Vids thank you for the time and work you put in the them big thumbs up
In addition, Floyd says hello to Rusty and jack and he raises an ear when the word food was mentioned
You're welcome, Colin, and best regards to Floyd :)
Highly informative, as always, Uncle Doug. Thank you for the time and effort that went into this.
BTW, Rusty looks as though he's starting to resent your exhortations a little...we all know he's the true power behind the throne, so just let him chillax already...:)
You're welcome, Chok. Yes, he is getting a little exasperated at me for expecting him to contribute to our daily workload......much like a teenage child. During breaks between videos, he gets even lazier than usual.