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Won't this just cause people to drink more? It might break down the toxins but the alcohol will still damage the liver, kidneys etc. A hangover is your body's way of telling you you've had too much.
I'm reminded of the Calvin and Hobbes strip with the punchline "Sometimes I think the surest sign that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe is that none of it has tried to contact us."
I must say - Mr Whistler will, some years for now, narrate a number of very influential documentaries. Never knew why until I heard him now. Very amazing orator.
I am someone very interested in these topics and am impressed by how good of an overview you gave. It was very clear and accurate. I usually watch these for fun on topics I have little familiarity with, but was pleasantly surprised with how well done this one is.
Indeed considering his main focus was odd things in news or history, very impressed with how well he understands it all and the scripts seem just punchy enough to attract those totally new, yet also a little depth for those who know a bit more. For those who want to learn more, I highly recommend PBS Spacetime for theory and speculations, and Anton Petrov for observations and things currently being puzzled over. Sabine Hosssenfelder is also great but I've not seen much of her stuff yet. Just glad she calls things out like the Religious Zealotry of people obsessing over the unfalsifiable multiverse concepts. It could be true, so what? Cannot ever prove it. Cannot ever get there. I personally am not convinced by the CDM Hypothesis, but I would be happy to be proven wrong. I do think perhaps MOND might have a little truth to it. Our perspective on how gravity works has been entirely Earth-centric until more recently. Also disagreeing measurements over the rate of expansion of the universe causes me to question Dark Energy, which is believed with almost religious fervour. I'm no professional at Physics or anything at all, except I am actually the logical thinker that many think they are, because their egos and emotions tell them they are. Constantly challenging my own assumptions, beliefs and trying to minimise the Confirmation Bias we all have, including me.
@@TheHorseshoePartyUK ty will look up spacetime and Hossenfelder! I to really like Petrov so am glad to get some new people to be amazed at😂. Btw I love your last paragraph! I feel the exact same. I have put an effort into digging deep into others' believes and love to be proved wrong, (eventhough many think I don't) it just means I learned something new! Makes working with my employer kinda complicated though. Found out after 2 years he is full on creationist who hardly knows the bible, didn't know who/what Besos, Musk, Amazon or Wallmart (&many more) are. I did suddenly understand better why he doesn't use, think or listen to logic.😏 lol this comment was supposed to be just a thank you😅.
I once heard a Physics Professor complain that they get inundated with letters from ignorant laymen who espouse ridiculous theories and who think they’re the next Einstein. A Simon video about space has much the same result 😂
"Where is everybody?" If there are civilizations in other star systems more advanced than our own, what makes us think we could detect them? We're leery of announcing our own presence. And if they're less advanced, they'd be very hard to detect. The chance of there being a civilization that's almost precisely matched with our current level of technological development is virtually nil.
The Fermi Paradox has never bothered me. Let's assume we are average. It took 13 billion years from T=0 for us to get where we are now, which is life emitting detectable waves out into the universe. Everything we can see that is beyond our immediate proximity is in the past still. We look out at an earlier universe that hasn't caught up to us yet.
But there’s no reason to think the process takes EXACTLY as long as it took for us every time. Also, the Fermi paradox applies very well to our own galaxy, not just the rest of the universe. That is hardly looking “back in time” at all.
Add that our radio bubble at it's widest was maybe 25ly across(it's currently less than 10 and shrinking) Outside of that we would just look like a slightly noisy star. The only signals likely to be picked up at a distance are extremely directional, which has other issues. And our meti efforts like the aricebo are basically going to be some other civilization's version of the 'wow' signal.
Yeah, time is the ultimate hurdle. Entire races of intelligent life have time evolve into and out existence within a blink of an eye on a galactic scale. The odds 2 races could evolve close enough to mutually detect each other within the span of their existence is remote. Even the human race is likely to evolve into some form of crab within the next millennia
Because like all conscious entities, you're biased to think that consciousnesses matters. You want to believe that you have greater worth than a rock equal to your weight. Truth is? any sufficiently large neural network becomes conscious - it's just one of the many things that happens in such a structure and as AI will soon prove - the human example barely qualifies.
@@Walt_Dismal Makes a nice fortune cookie, but there is no "self" for the universe to need to know. It's just something that sprang up after countless interactions between things on a pale blue dot. (and as for William's comment, it's more a mystery of biology, not the universe)
A couple of my own ideas. 1. Where is the antimatter? It could actually be out there. As far as I know antimatter's spectra look the sane as regular matter, so maybe some galactic superclusters are antimatter, which might be possible because superclusters are often isolated enough that there might not be much intermingling of matter and antimatter. 2. The Fermi paradox might simply be a combination of distance, and very quiet radio chatter (advanced equipment just doesn't need a super strong signal). Even we're going dark, because we don't need to spew gigawatts of radio to send our data. 3. Dark matter, at this point we seem to be making sh*t up to make our calculations work. 4. Dark Energy, could that simply be the inertia caused by the big bang, which might be resulting in more distant objects receding faster, possibly because those objects are also further back in time. There are a lot of possible simple explanations that fit Occum's razor a bit more eligantly than trying to make up a new particle or saying there are no aliens.
1. Antimatter gives a distinctive signature when it interacts with regular matter. Space is full of dust. If there was any bunch of antimatter, it would light up as it annihilated from the intergalactic dust. 2. Any mildly advanced(we're not) civilization would give off a distinct signature just from the amount of energy they would use. Simple thermodynamics dictates that any large consumption of energy should show up as strong infrared sources. Hiding this signature would be incredibly difficult and would require deliberate effort to mask their existence. Any civilization that would have access to this kind of energy would be able to fully populate an entire galaxy in short order. 3. The Dark Matter phenomenon is an objective measurement that cannot be explained. Dark Matter as a thing is anyone's guess. We're about as sure of Dark Matter existing as gravity existing. Neither can be properly explained. My analogy with gravity is more apt than you think. 4. Far away objects are moving away from us faster than light. This cannot happen because nothing can move through space faster than light. One of the few options remaining is that space itself is expanding.
The main problem with postulating antimatter galaxies or galaxy clusters is that 1. intergalactic space isn't empty, and 2. galaxies aren't fully self-contained. There is matter in intergalactic space, a thinly spread veil of hydrogen and other atoms. And if you had a galaxy made of antimatter, then it's antimatter will inevitably come into contact with the matter in intergalactic space, and the two will annihilate, producing gamma rays. And we would be able to detect this as a faint halo of gamma rays coming from the edges of every antimatter galaxy. Indeed, because of 2, it's even worse than that. Because the material inside galaxies doesn't necessarily stay inside galaxies. Galaxies are constantly ejecting bits of themselves out into intergalactic space, through quasar jets, supernovae explosions, or simple gravitational interactions ejecting asteroids, planets, or even full star systems. All of this material ends up in intergalactic space, to mingle with all the other material ejected by all the other galaxies. Antimatter galaxies would do exactly the same thing. Which means that, if antimatter and matter were equal in amount as theories predicted, then there should be equal numbers of antimatter galaxies spewing antimatter into intergalactic space as there are matter galaxies doing this, and there would therefore be equal amounts of antimatter and matter in intergalactic space. And this of course, means a continuous stream of antimatter-matter encounters with mutual annihilation, producing gamma rays, and we would observe all of intergalactic space positively glowing with a faint shimmer of gamma rays. Which of course, we do not. And even more spectacularly, galaxies and galaxy clusters sometimes merge. And if there were equal numbers of antimatter galaxies as there are matter galaxies in the universe, it should mean that half of all observed in-progress galaxy mergers would involve an antimatter galaxy merging with a matter one, with galactic levels of matter-antimatter annihilation events, and that should be one hell of a spectacular sight which would be utterly impossible for us to miss here on Earth. And we see nothing of the sort.
"Distant objects travel away from us faster than c" This not actually true in ANY reference frame. The reference frame people use when they say this is some sort of a nonlocalised reference frame that does not exist in real life. What we actually see is stuff redshifted into being so dim we cant see it anymore, with the CMB forming an opaque wall behind it all that only LIGO can see through, and LIGO has insufficient resolution to do the job.
@@BenjaminCronce on point 2, you are presuming that we have full knowledge of how heat and energy work. Thats the main problem with the second law of thermal dynamics argument. Its true, provided there is no more knowledge to be understood on the subject. And to me, that spells arrogance.
I love it when Simon Whistler talks about PHYSICS because he's normally good but at this he especially rocks. I'm a trained physicsts and the man is always ON THE MONEY when it comes to physics, very impressive for a non physics academic.
Same here with one gripe; Fermi's paradox. An advanced alien civilization will not be using radio to communicate over vast interstellar distances. It's ridiculously inefficient and ridiculously insecure (even with encryption it still gives away your general location). We've already begun using lasers to communicate with satellites in orbit due to the increased bandwidth it offers. E.T is going to be using lasers or some other crazy technology we haven't discovered yet. And if E.T is not using radio, then we haven't even begun looking for aliens yet -- hence there is no paradox.
The aliens are out there, but the universe is mindbogglingly huge. There's no reason to think other intelligent life know we exist or have interstellar travel.
I wouldn't be surprised that dark matter is what was the ether once upon a time. Everyone is so sure of it's existence like they were about previous "magical stuff "
There is nothing magical about dark matter. It has effects, many different, independent effects, and those effects need an explanation. Some form of matter is the most likely explanation.
I've always liked the theory that dark matter, being only noticed because it has gravity and affects spacetime, is just regular matter in parallel universes. Which would basically mean that the various galaxies in all these parallel universes are holding each other together. Which would also explain why gravity appears to be so much weaker than the other forces. What if gravity only appears to be so weak because it's the only force that propagates through parallel universes. In which case, that would not only mean that parallel universes exist, but that they also affect each other. Meaning that not only could we prove the existence of parallel universes, but that movement between parallel universes might actually be possible.
@@craigh5236 But doesn't that assume that the black holes in various dimensions perfectly "overlap"? If they were at different spatial coordinates in different universes, the gravity wouldn't "stack" perfectly. I know I'm phrasing this weirdly, but it's difficult to communicate these ideas.
Maybe we just stack... In a dimensional sense. When enough mass is accumulated you push on another dimension or parallel universe. That way it would be severely weakened. Kinda like stacking trampolines. I mean that's my theory unless they actually observe the particles somehow
The reason there is an universe is down to particles like the Kaon, which have 2 ways to decay. One is complete annihilation and the other leaves a particle left over.
In terms of the Fermi paradox I both love and hate the dead space idea that there WAS other life out there but we're just suuuuuuper late to the party and everyone else is already dead
But that's the thing, because of how unimaginably big space is, there could potentially be billions of other lifeforms out there, at this very moment. But we will never be able to detect them in our lifetimes, they are simply too far away. Don't forget, we don't have any pictures of what distant galaxies look like NOW. We see them all as they were in the past.
Okay so at the end of the ad read for zbiotics it showed a bowl of natto. So I'm piecing together that natto shares the same qualities that this probiotic does that helps prevent hangovers the next day. So either I can have a bowl of fermented soybeans known for their mucus like slimey texture and rotten smell, or I can take a single pill... decisions decisions... 💊❤
At least with the soybeans you know you're getting the good bacteria... and you get a meal. You gonna run a test to see if all your pills are true? Decisions, haha.
@@ungoyone Yeah I'm just trying to hype up my man Simon in case by some chance the company checks out viewer feedback in the comments cause I like him getting that sweet sweet advertiser cash 🤩 I've tried natto once straight up and honestly I couldn't finish it, but it's something I've always wanted to enjoy 😅 If I can find the right recipe or way to make a meal with it that works for my tastes i would be very satisfied. I happily acknowledge it would be a super beneficial food to add to my regular diet.
If the Neutron has no charge then it would stand to reason that the Anti-Neutron also has no charge, but does it have an inverse spin (negative 1/2) property?
“Where are all the aliens?” The more we think about this the more I’m starting to guess that the universe is as difficult as it seems to travel and engineer in. It’s very difficult for humans to make rockets and get into space, and we are lucky we have the fuel to do so. But even with that, we’ve barely done anything that would be noticeable and we’re centuries away from traveling outside the solar system, and it may actually never happen. Traveling in space and sending signals outside of one’s own solar system I think are just incredibly rare and maybe borderline impossible. The physical laws are what they are and there might not be any loopholes.
Even so, it is somewhat disturbing that we have never seen any even moderately plausible evidence of technological activity from anywhere else, in this galaxy or any others (we have seen a few, very weak pieces of evidence that you could just stretch to accepting if you are willing to go down to "Ancient Aliens" evidentiary standards, but no credible scientist is). It may turn out that at least part of that is because we don't know what we should be looking for, and thus have not recognised evidence that we have seen, and/or that our instruments just aren't good enough yet, but really, neither of those should have been remotely possibly true for at least the last 20 years, minimum. On current evidence, only 2 conclusions are possible. Either we really are alone (as far as technologically advanced species go, at least), or we are the first, or very early at least, and will become the Ancient Aliens...
Impossible is a word that should never be used seriously when it comes to science. At one point in time it was impossible that we'd be exploring space, it was impossible for humans to fly, the impossible is only impossible until technology catches up.
You can't see it, you can't touch it, you can't measure it. You just have to believe it exist to explain other things that are all around us. Sounds a lot like going back to Sunday Scholl as a child.
You can measure it indirectly through what it affects. It isn't just something that can't be seen, it's something that can't be seen that seems to affect stuff around it gravitationally. It's like a bubble being blown around. After it has been blown, you can no longer tell what blew it.
Oh they NOW can see it, it’s amazing when you get a better camera. The plasma energy and dust they now can see, well they are going to have to come up with “a story” to explain the money they have wasted looking for something that doesn’t exist.
@@reddune6185 There is no "story" needed. The money goes toward paying people, you realise? It isn't wasted, science is just simply the only thing we have that can most closely prove/disprove something existing. Ruling something out is just as important to science.
@@Vaeldarg Okay sure, But an estimated 20 BILLION DOLLARS SPENT, just to disprove a theory. I’m sure we have spent that much before on similar quest.. It’s going to be harder to get congress to fund future projects without a “story”.
@@reddune6185 ITER is a fusion reactor being built by multiple countries just as a test reactor, the Large Hadron Collider is so large it crosses the border of a nearby country in that area and that's just for particle collision tests.....science gets expensive depending on the question. Oh, also the thickest protective door in the world isn't for Fort Knox or any bank, it's to a room testing a (I think neutron? or gamma ray) laser.
When all factors are taken into account for what makes earth special, the odds against another are greater than all the stars in the observable universe. Not only is a life-bearing world a freak of nature, but intelligent life itself is also a freak occurrence of that freak chance for life at all.
ET 1: What are those pesky humans up to now? ET 2: Tensions, conflicts and greed, teetering on the edge of WW3, pollution, plastic and fossil fuel, their usual idiocy. ET 1: Why don't we go down and introduce ourselves, hopefully distracting and educating them in better ways. ET 2: Yeah, no, I shall wait them out here, you go for it though, let me know how that works out for you.
The missing mass is dilated mass. We have all heard the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light" this phenomenon is illustrated in a common relativity graph with velocity (from stationary to the speed of light) on the horizontal line and dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) on the vertical line. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside/stationary/Earthbound observer. Wherever you have an astronomical quantity of mass, dilation will occur because high mass means high momentum. There is no place in the universe where mass is more concentrated than at the center of a galaxy. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" Einstein wrote about dilation occurring in regions that would have less mass than that which would exist at the center of common spiral galaxies. Therefore it is safe to say that according to Einstein's math the mass at the center of our own galaxy must be dilated, in other words that mass is all around us. It was recently discovered that low mass galaxies (like NGC 1052-DF2) have normal star rotation rates. This is what relativity would predict because there is an insufficient quantity of mass at the center to achieve relativistic velocities. A simple way to confirm this would be to calculate the star rotation rates of a large number of galaxies. This would show that all the high mass galaxies would have star rotation rates that seem to defy the known laws of physics and all the low mass galaxies would have predictable star rotation rates.
The Wheel of Time turns, and Ages come and pass, leaving memories that become legend. Legend fades to myth, and even myth is long forgotten when the Age that gave it birth comes again. In one Age, called the Third Age by some, an Age yet to come, an Age long past, a wind rose in the Mountains of Mist.
For something to explode it should take two different elements colliding with each other. It's like at the start of the universe there was at least 2 different elements that collided in some way. So seems more like there were to many elements at the start of see able time that weir to close together and had to explode. it's just were did the elements originate from
I wish zbiotics was around when I was a drinker. For 20 years I tried to empty all the bars in all the world. Being only successful at emptying my life of any meaning or purpose I gave up the attempt at age 35; however, there were uncountable "morning after" episodes during which I probably would have drunk Drano if someone told me it would help. Now, at age 70 I can only be envious of you youngsters who theoretically have a chance to escape the tyranny of excess.
All matter has volume and mass. Mass divided by volume is density. What is the density of Dark Matter? If it does not have density, it is not matter and does not matter.
Idk for sure, but I've heard that the LHC has just about completely ruled out supersymmetry as a viable candidate for bringing the Standard Model closer to completely explaining the current universe.
No, it hasn't. The problem is, it's already hypothesized by many, before the LHC was even built, that the super symmetric particles take more energy to make, than the LHC has. And regardless of the name, the LHC is a puny little thing. A physicist said the energy at the LHC was the equivalent of 2 mosquitoes flying into each other at full speed. Of course that's the energy of a mosquito in a single subatomic particle. Spunds impressive, but the fact is we've detected individual subatomic particles from space with the energy of a decent sized rock you picked up and threw. So not finding them, if they're real, isn't a shocker.
The Fermi paradox isn't a paradox at all, as the Drake equation is completely arbitrary and not based on any evidence. There is simply no scientific way to approximate the probability of intelligent life from a sample size of 1. The only useful information you get from it is a proof that intelligent life is possible.
I'm a doctor of biochemistry. I'm ABSOLUTELY NOT a physicist. But, personally, I don't agree with the dark matter hypothesis. I'm of the belief that we are missing something fundamental when it comes to gravity itself. Edit: As for dark energy, I tend to disagree with that as well. The universe is expanding FASTER than the speed of light. I think gravity, and whatever it is we are missing about it, are what accounts for that impossibly rapid expansion. For anyone who may be interested in alternative (but still scientific) hypothesis and theories, look into Loop Quantum Gravity. It's very interesting.
Regarding alien life its unlikely we will know for a long time. Remember our complex life has only lived in the recent history of our planet. When we look in space, we are looking at the past. There could be other advanced civilizations, but the time it would take for us to find out. We are all bound by the speed of light. There is nothing known to go faster then this (though it is theorized the universe is expanding faster then the speed of light).
What I dislike about Dark* is that it's a calculation aberration arising almost exclusively from a single observational result... redshift. Yes, there are other things that circumstantially correlate with expansion but of these ~5 factors, only redshift provides deviations we can use to infer things. We inferred that the red\blue shift is solely the function of time\space and hence inferred that the exclusive factor in redshift was time\space thereon we inferred the 3d positional vectors of everything and then inferred a ton of other things. It's an iceberg of inference that is all basically wrong, and Dark matter \ Energy is the proof. So my assumption here is that in history when we find an aberration we develop new models that explain observations. That's not quite happening. I mean, we're trying and failing. So the aberration is now becoming a 'thing' in it's own right, we're wondering 'what is the thing' we can see? But we can't see it anywhere, because it's only an error arising from the difference between observation and standard model based on the assumption on what redshift arises from. There appears to be many possible places here that error in our model can seep in, but I feel that we're myopically focused on bolting something on to standard physics that'll resolve it back to being correct. 1) Standard model could just be wrong in how gravity is calculated on larger scales. 2) Our understanding of what redshift means may be off, and some of what we observe might not mean what we infer. ec. I don't have the answers, but so far nobody does. All Dark* tells us is that our understand is wrong, but to me it looks like physics is doing it's best this time to preserve the models in error because they are still mostly useful even though in one area they are 95% wrong.
I sometimes wonder if aliens would enjoy observing our planet similar to how some humans like to observe nature. I also wonder if an alien race who does this would commit to some kind of "general order 1" or something to that effect where they do everything in their power to not make themselves known or influence our planets natural progression. would they go further and actively try to "scrub" the area of things we might use to detect them or other aliens far away, not maliciously trying to keep us locked on our planet per se but to keep us from knowing any of this.
And it seems incredibly selfish to not interfere with an inferior species which is clearly destroying itself and its ecosystem. Especially since we would clearly be, to various degrees, be ready to listen to them.
it could be a dick move and/or selfish to not stop our planet from dying but it could still be something they could do. knowing humans have made some very questionable moves as far as, well, enslavement, colonization, genocide, morally questionable experiments/business practices etc. i could believe an alien race doing something morally dubious to us especially if they consider us a primitive creature.
@@justwannabehappy6735 you can present all the facts to people in the world and they still will not listen. I doubt they would listen to an alien race and would only see them as a threat. However it's also likely they are not ignoring us because they don't want to interfere but rather because we're not worth paying attention to much like we don't particularly pay attention to insects or other lower animals on our daily routine. That said it's also likely that any race we encounter was the apex predator of it's planet and would surely kick our ass for the hell of it.
Only self centred humans delusional enough to think themselves important could take that seriously lol What’s more likely is we simply don’t understand
The Fermi Paradox is the easiest of these to resolve. As this video pointed out several times, the universe is *enormous*... and it would be easily possible for entire civilisations to rise and fall without ever making contact, even if they become spacefaring... because the odds of more than one society in the same cosmological neighbourhood being spacefaring at the same time are astronomically slim, and the Great Filter concept makes it possible that interstellar, or even interplanetary, expansion of a single species is impossible, likely due to the dangers of long-distance space travel to organic matter.
Simon: "Where are the aliens?" But also Simon: "It's not aliens." Are we still using whole number math to explain the universe? Whole number math is math used to count the number of apples you have. Why would gravity use the same math?
I'm convinced that dark matter and energy are "subspace" like in star trek. And like in ST subspace is a invisible layer or dimension of real space. Now all we just need to do is figure out how to detect and interact with subspace.
Dark matter and dark energy are totally different things that have nothing to do with another besides the word "dark". In QFT there is a quantum field for each particle. Some quantum fields couple to others, which means they can interact. If a quantum field does not couple with the photon field, you can't see those particles. If it does not couple to any field (not even itself), then you have dark matter. Might be one field and hence type of particle, or multiple ones. We only know that they interact with nothing but gravity. Dark energy however is just a number in an equation, kinda like negative pressure.
I thought of the two universes idea decades ago after realizing the things in our universe that spew out matter in one direction also spew things out in the opposite direction. I then used this observation to answer why there's an overabundance of matter; the antimatter went the other direction. Finally, to tie it all together, I concluded time must be going in the opposite direction which causes antimatter to appear them to be (nearly) identical to the way we see matter.
I used to believe in the mediocrity principle, but lately I’ve come around to the rare earth hypothesis. Sure, if life is exceedingly rare, what are the chances that it would be us out of the entire universe that falls into that category? Pretty low. But imagine if life is so exceedingly rare that only one planet ever supports it. Then the chance of it being us are 100%, since earth does support life
You'd need to be a bit more specific about time flowing in the opposite direction. I mean, it's still starting from a big bang so the universe would still have to expand in the direction of time, cause would still have to precede effect so negative t would be internally indistinguishable from positive t. It's like if + and - charges flipped - since they are measured relative to each other, there would be no difference.
When people point out the odds of finding a thing are 1 in a million or 1 in a billion, they forget the sheer size of the universe. There are 8 billion people on Earth right now. There are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way and over 100 billion galaxies in the visible universe. Science continues to consider something not just possible but likely until it is suggested to be impossible. "Rare" and "impossible" are vastly different concepts.
for dark energy I've always wondered if we're actually still in the equivalent of the initial explosion of an explosive. If you were inside that explosion and it was slowed down billions of times it would seem like everything was accelerating.
@@michaelsommers2356 never said I believe that's how it is. In both cases it would look like expansion is accelerating from the perspective of someone inside. We have no explanation for dark energy so the data becomes irrelevant here. I'm aware of red shift but that also relies on assumptions. the math lines up but we don't 100% know the reason is space is expanding.
I have a theory on the big bang and antimatter. I posit that the big bang itself was the result of an explosion created when large masses of matter and antimatter came into contact and were converted to energy. Now, while matter and energy are relatively interchangeable, logic dictates that energy requires a medium from which to operate. By that logic, I would then say that energy is a part of matter, and therefore stronger than just energy. I would further argue that as a result, some relatively small amount of matter survived. The matter that didn't survive was stripped of its energy and imparted with an opposing charge, converting it to dark matter. In my head, my mind dictates that the reason dark matter and dark energy is undetectable is due to the nature if its charge. For example infrared light has a general wavelength between 1 millimeter and 700 nanometers. The dark energy variant of this may have a wavelength between negative 1 millimeter and negative 700 nanometers. The only thing I can think of to visualize this would be something like textures in a video game where the textures are rendered one one side of a polygon but see-through on the other side. I don't want anyone reading this comment to think I actually know anything about physics or that I'm intentionally spouting misinformation. I certainly don't know a whole lot. This theory is all entirely speculation and based entirely on my own personal logic, and may or may not hold any factual information.
We ask "where are all the aliens?" While the US navy has these UAPs on camera and radar, and NASA was just tasked with studying these things. there's a greater than 0% chance aliens or alien drones are already here. Even if it's technology from earth, it's equally exciting because it would mean we clearly have a greater understanding of physics than we're told publicly.
Agreed. Basically, one of these two things are theoretically true. A) ETs or ET drones have already interacted with us here on earth (and for how long, I wonder?) Or B) World authorities (meaning authority structures somewhere in the world, not like "world authorities") currently possess a higher understanding of physics than we are told. There really isn't much if any room for neither of these to be true.
The "Corridor Crew" channel of VFX professionals debunked either all or just about all of those "UAP" shots. What the "former" UFO-hunter who leaked them failed to mention, was that the IR (as in infrared) camera being used was newly installed, uncalibrated, and operated by pilots rather than camera experts. "black body radiation" of a fellow jet, a trick of perspective of the "capsule", etc. were the MUCH more likely explanations.
@@Vaeldarg I'm not sure I'd call that a debunk. I just watched the whole video. They do offer up what appears to be some plausible explanations (I don't have the VFX know-how to argue or challenge any of their points effectively), but it seems far from conclusive. A challenge to be sure, but definitely does not rise to the level of a debunk.
Einstein suggests that time slows for the observer, the closer to a black hole one gets... Meaning time slows as gravity intensifies. Our galaxy is headed toward an enormous gravity well called the Great Attractor. This infers, the closer we get to it, the slower our time progresses. It's possible we're experiencing time dilation when seeing galaxies rotate too quickly, or hot Jupiters with orbits happening in days to months... While our solar system only has 2 planets that orbit in less than a year
No detection of life? A good theory is that brown and red dwarf stars have a double plasma sheath around them which make the "failed stars" appear much larger than what they are. Thia sheath would hide smaller planets within and inside the planets would gave a relatively stable environment. The kicker is they tend to nova mich more often than main sequence stars do so life wouldnt get very advanced before it would suffer catastrophies. The idea is that this small solar system can be captured by a larger system dominated by a main sequence star and its planets forming a hybrid system. This could allow more advanced life to continue before catastrophies could wipe them out. Saturn and Jupiter were both dwarf stars. They suffered nova events. Most recently was Saturn, hence the rings. The O2 molecules on earth match only those found in the rings of Saturn which suggests the possibility earth was once orbiting Saturn along with the other planets with the same or near axial tilts and Neptune.
Per Dark Matter, one line of thought suggests that modern physics needs further correction, like from Ptoleme to Aristotle to Copernicus to Keppler to Newton to Einstein and onward~
I find it hilarious that decades ago we were taught the Big Bang as a simple eloquent certainty yet, like everything else, it will continue to evolve and continue to change and be speculated on. Why can’t we just be honest as scientists and say “This is what we think now…but we are still looking at it”?
Few funds are provided for holistic study like this, it is provided to established specialised study. The new 'telescopes' now make observations contradicting everything. Best match for the overwhelming new data is that Birkeland Currents power the Universe and are the reason it is as it is.
In a blackhole universe, you would expect normal gravity to accelerate the expansion INWARDS which would look exactly like our expanding universe. Hence dark energy is not required to explain it.. Theres several comments i made here, all can be explained with us being inside a blackhole easily, instead of these multiple problems described. Being rational, thats WHY i think our universe is a blackhole, it simplifies the problems..
Consider the following: a. Numbers: Modern science does not even know how numbers and certain mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does. (And nobody as of yet has been able to show me how numbers and certain mathematical constants can come from the Standard Model Of Particle Physics). b. Space: Modern science does not even know what 'space' actually is nor how it could actually expand. c. Time: Modern science does not even know what 'time' actually is nor how it could actually vary. d. Gravity: Modern science does not even know what 'gravity' actually is nor how gravity actually does what it appears to do. e. Speed of Light: 'Speed', distance divided by time, distance being two points in space with space between those two points. But yet, here again, modern science does not even know what space and time actually are that makes up 'speed' and they also claim that space can expand and time can vary, so how could they truly know even what the speed of light actually is that they utilize in many of the formulas? Speed of light should also vary depending upon what space and time it was in. And if the speed of light can vary in space and time, how then do far away astronomical observations actually work that are based upon light and the speed of light that could vary in actual reality?
The thing about aliens with astronomy is that you are essentially looking way back into the past, not the present. So, assuming that there is a ton of aliens a million light years away that started flying around space 200 thousand years ago (from today) it would take 800 thousand years for us to see it.
There could be life on other planets where the gravity of the planet is too difficult to overcome so they can’t get into space or escape the planets gravity. We could be lucky that our planet’s gravitational field is relatively easy to overcome.
Can't help but wonder if the Two-Universe Theory, in which the big bang generates a universe where time flows forwards (ours) and one where time flows backwards simultaneously, could explain the matter-antimatter discrepancy as well. Kind of like Hawking Radiation, the events of the big bang could have just pushed these two populations beyond one another's horizon faster than they could interact. So it would *look like* the big bang radiated a ton of matter and energy into the universe, but it really just dumped all the antimater and negative energy over the other horizon. And *then* I imagine the geometry of that and I can imagine connecting the terminal ends of those two universes together through a 5th dimension to create a proper cycle. Matter and Antimatter and Energy and Negative Energy would all meet again at "the end of time" and boom, the donut flips upside down and the end is now the beginning, and everything flips "sides". The next matter based universe would come out of the "other side" of this fifth dimensional donut.
I kind of like the idea that we *just* missed the aliens. Apparently there is a 12.7 billion years old earth-like planet in the milky way Galaxy nicknamed the "Genesis planet." For all we know it was once inhabited by complex life that died out some 8 billion years ago.
I wonder if dark matter is "invisible", where you can't see it itself, but you can see how it bends light. Case in point, the James Webb telescope image, where dozens of the visible galaxies are basically warping to a curve, as in linear.
Go to thld.co/zbiotics_sideprojects_1122 and get 15% off your first order of ZBiotics Pre-Alcohol Probiotic by using my code SIDEPROJECTS at checkout. Thanks to ZBiotics for sponsoring today’s video!
Simon, will you be testing this product personally? If so can you share your results
Simon we need DTU March 8 1994 Michigan Please make it happen
They only ship inside the US - how useless is that?!
@@davidmaxwaterman It’s great if you’re not in the US, you won’t get ripped off with a shady product.
Won't this just cause people to drink more? It might break down the toxins but the alcohol will still damage the liver, kidneys etc. A hangover is your body's way of telling you you've had too much.
I'm reminded of the Calvin and Hobbes strip with the punchline "Sometimes I think the surest sign that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe is that none of it has tried to contact us."
That's my go-to line also .. very appropriate, it seems.
To more advanced life forms humans probably look like a train wreck. They know if they come we will try to kill them.
Why would aliens wanna visit a bunch of stupid monkeys fighting over shiny rocks and skin color?
Aliens that fly past earth roll their windows up and lock their doors, this is a dangerous side of space.
@@rossigrace5031 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 And the ones disregarding the warning broadcasts regret it. They end up in alien autopsy vids on UA-cam.
I must say - Mr Whistler will, some years for now, narrate a number of very influential documentaries. Never knew why until I heard him now. Very amazing orator.
I am someone very interested in these topics and am impressed by how good of an overview you gave. It was very clear and accurate. I usually watch these for fun on topics I have little familiarity with, but was pleasantly surprised with how well done this one is.
Nice, when watching these kind if videos I often think: what someone who knows their stuff about be topic thinks of the video.
Indeed considering his main focus was odd things in news or history, very impressed with how well he understands it all and the scripts seem just punchy enough to attract those totally new, yet also a little depth for those who know a bit more. For those who want to learn more, I highly recommend PBS Spacetime for theory and speculations, and Anton Petrov for observations and things currently being puzzled over. Sabine Hosssenfelder is also great but I've not seen much of her stuff yet. Just glad she calls things out like the Religious Zealotry of people obsessing over the unfalsifiable multiverse concepts. It could be true, so what? Cannot ever prove it. Cannot ever get there.
I personally am not convinced by the CDM Hypothesis, but I would be happy to be proven wrong. I do think perhaps MOND might have a little truth to it. Our perspective on how gravity works has been entirely Earth-centric until more recently. Also disagreeing measurements over the rate of expansion of the universe causes me to question Dark Energy, which is believed with almost religious fervour.
I'm no professional at Physics or anything at all, except I am actually the logical thinker that many think they are, because their egos and emotions tell them they are. Constantly challenging my own assumptions, beliefs and trying to minimise the Confirmation Bias we all have, including me.
@@TheHorseshoePartyUK ty will look up spacetime and Hossenfelder! I to really like Petrov so am glad to get some new people to be amazed at😂. Btw I love your last paragraph! I feel the exact same. I have put an effort into digging deep into others' believes and love to be proved wrong, (eventhough many think I don't) it just means I learned something new! Makes working with my employer kinda complicated though. Found out after 2 years he is full on creationist who hardly knows the bible, didn't know who/what Besos, Musk, Amazon or Wallmart (&many more) are. I did suddenly understand better why he doesn't use, think or listen to logic.😏 lol this comment was supposed to be just a thank you😅.
@@Iris_and_or_George Tell me you're ADHD without telling me you're ADHD :P
😂😂😂😂
I once heard a Physics Professor complain that they get inundated with letters from ignorant laymen who espouse ridiculous theories and who think they’re the next Einstein. A Simon video about space has much the same result 😂
"Where is everybody?" If there are civilizations in other star systems more advanced than our own, what makes us think we could detect them? We're leery of announcing our own presence. And if they're less advanced, they'd be very hard to detect. The chance of there being a civilization that's almost precisely matched with our current level of technological development is virtually nil.
The Fermi Paradox has never bothered me. Let's assume we are average. It took 13 billion years from T=0 for us to get where we are now, which is life emitting detectable waves out into the universe. Everything we can see that is beyond our immediate proximity is in the past still. We look out at an earlier universe that hasn't caught up to us yet.
But there’s no reason to think the process takes EXACTLY as long as it took for us every time. Also, the Fermi paradox applies very well to our own galaxy, not just the rest of the universe. That is hardly looking “back in time” at all.
Add that our radio bubble at it's widest was maybe 25ly across(it's currently less than 10 and shrinking) Outside of that we would just look like a slightly noisy star.
The only signals likely to be picked up at a distance are extremely directional, which has other issues.
And our meti efforts like the aricebo are basically going to be some other civilization's version of the 'wow' signal.
What's your point tho? FP doesn't bother you and then you talk about speed of light(basically). It's like two half thoughts merged into one.
Yeah, time is the ultimate hurdle. Entire races of intelligent life have time evolve into and out existence within a blink of an eye on a galactic scale. The odds 2 races could evolve close enough to mutually detect each other within the span of their existence is remote. Even the human race is likely to evolve into some form of crab within the next millennia
I would include consciousness as one of the mysteries of the universe
If not the mystery
Because like all conscious entities, you're biased to think that consciousnesses matters. You want to believe that you have greater worth than a rock equal to your weight. Truth is? any sufficiently large neural network becomes conscious - it's just one of the many things that happens in such a structure and as AI will soon prove - the human example barely qualifies.
Consciousness is the way the universe gets to know itself.
@@Walt_Dismal Makes a nice fortune cookie, but there is no "self" for the universe to need to know. It's just something that sprang up after countless interactions between things on a pale blue dot. (and as for William's comment, it's more a mystery of biology, not the universe)
A couple of my own ideas. 1. Where is the antimatter? It could actually be out there. As far as I know antimatter's spectra look the sane as regular matter, so maybe some galactic superclusters are antimatter, which might be possible because superclusters are often isolated enough that there might not be much intermingling of matter and antimatter. 2. The Fermi paradox might simply be a combination of distance, and very quiet radio chatter (advanced equipment just doesn't need a super strong signal). Even we're going dark, because we don't need to spew gigawatts of radio to send our data. 3. Dark matter, at this point we seem to be making sh*t up to make our calculations work. 4. Dark Energy, could that simply be the inertia caused by the big bang, which might be resulting in more distant objects receding faster, possibly because those objects are also further back in time. There are a lot of possible simple explanations that fit Occum's razor a bit more eligantly than trying to make up a new particle or saying there are no aliens.
1. Antimatter gives a distinctive signature when it interacts with regular matter. Space is full of dust. If there was any bunch of antimatter, it would light up as it annihilated from the intergalactic dust. 2. Any mildly advanced(we're not) civilization would give off a distinct signature just from the amount of energy they would use. Simple thermodynamics dictates that any large consumption of energy should show up as strong infrared sources. Hiding this signature would be incredibly difficult and would require deliberate effort to mask their existence. Any civilization that would have access to this kind of energy would be able to fully populate an entire galaxy in short order. 3. The Dark Matter phenomenon is an objective measurement that cannot be explained. Dark Matter as a thing is anyone's guess. We're about as sure of Dark Matter existing as gravity existing. Neither can be properly explained. My analogy with gravity is more apt than you think. 4. Far away objects are moving away from us faster than light. This cannot happen because nothing can move through space faster than light. One of the few options remaining is that space itself is expanding.
The main problem with postulating antimatter galaxies or galaxy clusters is that 1. intergalactic space isn't empty, and 2. galaxies aren't fully self-contained. There is matter in intergalactic space, a thinly spread veil of hydrogen and other atoms. And if you had a galaxy made of antimatter, then it's antimatter will inevitably come into contact with the matter in intergalactic space, and the two will annihilate, producing gamma rays. And we would be able to detect this as a faint halo of gamma rays coming from the edges of every antimatter galaxy. Indeed, because of 2, it's even worse than that. Because the material inside galaxies doesn't necessarily stay inside galaxies. Galaxies are constantly ejecting bits of themselves out into intergalactic space, through quasar jets, supernovae explosions, or simple gravitational interactions ejecting asteroids, planets, or even full star systems. All of this material ends up in intergalactic space, to mingle with all the other material ejected by all the other galaxies. Antimatter galaxies would do exactly the same thing. Which means that, if antimatter and matter were equal in amount as theories predicted, then there should be equal numbers of antimatter galaxies spewing antimatter into intergalactic space as there are matter galaxies doing this, and there would therefore be equal amounts of antimatter and matter in intergalactic space. And this of course, means a continuous stream of antimatter-matter encounters with mutual annihilation, producing gamma rays, and we would observe all of intergalactic space positively glowing with a faint shimmer of gamma rays. Which of course, we do not.
And even more spectacularly, galaxies and galaxy clusters sometimes merge. And if there were equal numbers of antimatter galaxies as there are matter galaxies in the universe, it should mean that half of all observed in-progress galaxy mergers would involve an antimatter galaxy merging with a matter one, with galactic levels of matter-antimatter annihilation events, and that should be one hell of a spectacular sight which would be utterly impossible for us to miss here on Earth. And we see nothing of the sort.
"Distant objects travel away from us faster than c"
This not actually true in ANY reference frame. The reference frame people use when they say this is some sort of a nonlocalised reference frame that does not exist in real life.
What we actually see is stuff redshifted into being so dim we cant see it anymore, with the CMB forming an opaque wall behind it all that only LIGO can see through, and LIGO has insufficient resolution to do the job.
@@BenjaminCronce on point 2, you are presuming that we have full knowledge of how heat and energy work.
Thats the main problem with the second law of thermal dynamics argument.
Its true, provided there is no more knowledge to be understood on the subject.
And to me, that spells arrogance.
👽We are the aliens 👾
I love it when Simon Whistler talks about PHYSICS because he's normally good but at this he especially rocks. I'm a trained physicsts and the man is always ON THE MONEY when it comes to physics, very impressive for a non physics academic.
Same here with one gripe; Fermi's paradox. An advanced alien civilization will not be using radio to communicate over vast interstellar distances. It's ridiculously inefficient and ridiculously insecure (even with encryption it still gives away your general location). We've already begun using lasers to communicate with satellites in orbit due to the increased bandwidth it offers. E.T is going to be using lasers or some other crazy technology we haven't discovered yet. And if E.T is not using radio, then we haven't even begun looking for aliens yet -- hence there is no paradox.
Actu7ally he gets the Big Bang wrong, so yeah...
He is neither nor wrong nobody knows what dark matter or it would have an actual name
@@con.troller4183what about it does he get wrong?
@@con.troller4183 so did Einstein, so I might just let that one slip 😂
The aliens are out there, but the universe is mindbogglingly huge. There's no reason to think other intelligent life know we exist or have interstellar travel.
This video is exceptional for inspiring contemplation. I will save it to watch again.
Love your videos Simon keep up the great work 👍
"Where are all the aliens?" Living in the dark forest and not painting targets on their backs, broadcasting unfiltered RF signals into space.
I wouldn't be surprised that dark matter is what was the ether once upon a time. Everyone is so sure of it's existence like they were about previous "magical stuff "
There is nothing magical about dark matter. It has effects, many different, independent effects, and those effects need an explanation. Some form of matter is the most likely explanation.
The thunderboltsproject channel has really good counter solutions for dark matter
I've always liked the theory that dark matter, being only noticed because it has gravity and affects spacetime, is just regular matter in parallel universes. Which would basically mean that the various galaxies in all these parallel universes are holding each other together. Which would also explain why gravity appears to be so much weaker than the other forces. What if gravity only appears to be so weak because it's the only force that propagates through parallel universes. In which case, that would not only mean that parallel universes exist, but that they also affect each other. Meaning that not only could we prove the existence of parallel universes, but that movement between parallel universes might actually be possible.
Your theory, here, is exactly my own. Dark matter is nonsense, it's just matter.
One problem with that.....black holes. If gravity stacked through parallel worlds would make black holes strong enough to tear galaxies apart.
@@craigh5236 But doesn't that assume that the black holes in various dimensions perfectly "overlap"? If they were at different spatial coordinates in different universes, the gravity wouldn't "stack" perfectly. I know I'm phrasing this weirdly, but it's difficult to communicate these ideas.
This theory is one of the long lasting reasons why gravity is weak.
Maybe we just stack... In a dimensional sense. When enough mass is accumulated you push on another dimension or parallel universe. That way it would be severely weakened. Kinda like stacking trampolines. I mean that's my theory unless they actually observe the particles somehow
Your channel continues to astonish me with its wealth of wisdom and insight. I'm truly grateful for the enlightenment you provide.
The reason there is an universe is down to particles like the Kaon, which have 2 ways to decay. One is complete annihilation and the other leaves a particle left over.
In terms of the Fermi paradox I both love and hate the dead space idea that there WAS other life out there but we're just suuuuuuper late to the party and everyone else is already dead
But that's the thing, because of how unimaginably big space is, there could potentially be billions of other lifeforms out there, at this very moment. But we will never be able to detect them in our lifetimes, they are simply too far away.
Don't forget, we don't have any pictures of what distant galaxies look like NOW. We see them all as they were in the past.
Another mystery - how Simon manages to run so many channels!
Is he an individual or is he a clone (Simon of Borg)?
Your subscription will be assimilated. Resistance is futile
Okay so at the end of the ad read for zbiotics it showed a bowl of natto. So I'm piecing together that natto shares the same qualities that this probiotic does that helps prevent hangovers the next day.
So either I can have a bowl of fermented soybeans known for their mucus like slimey texture and rotten smell, or I can take a single pill... decisions decisions... 💊❤
At least with the soybeans you know you're getting the good bacteria... and you get a meal. You gonna run a test to see if all your pills are true? Decisions, haha.
@@ungoyone Yeah I'm just trying to hype up my man Simon in case by some chance the company checks out viewer feedback in the comments cause I like him getting that sweet sweet advertiser cash 🤩
I've tried natto once straight up and honestly I couldn't finish it, but it's something I've always wanted to enjoy 😅 If I can find the right recipe or way to make a meal with it that works for my tastes i would be very satisfied. I happily acknowledge it would be a super beneficial food to add to my regular diet.
Imagine needing Z biotics to not be hungover. I have the power of all legends and have become immune to hangovers by sheer will and Mcdonalds
If the Neutron has no charge then it would stand to reason that the Anti-Neutron also has no charge, but does it have an inverse spin (negative 1/2) property?
Technically, singularity is a theory built if you keep walking the math back, but most physicists don't believe there was an actual point
This guy is everywhere. How many UA-cam channels does one person need!
There could have been space fairing races on earth millions of years ago. Maybe they were destroyed by natural disaster or self annihilated.
“Where are all the aliens?” The more we think about this the more I’m starting to guess that the universe is as difficult as it seems to travel and engineer in. It’s very difficult for humans to make rockets and get into space, and we are lucky we have the fuel to do so. But even with that, we’ve barely done anything that would be noticeable and we’re centuries away from traveling outside the solar system, and it may actually never happen. Traveling in space and sending signals outside of one’s own solar system I think are just incredibly rare and maybe borderline impossible. The physical laws are what they are and there might not be any loopholes.
Even so, it is somewhat disturbing that we have never seen any even moderately plausible evidence of technological activity from anywhere else, in this galaxy or any others (we have seen a few, very weak pieces of evidence that you could just stretch to accepting if you are willing to go down to "Ancient Aliens" evidentiary standards, but no credible scientist is). It may turn out that at least part of that is because we don't know what we should be looking for, and thus have not recognised evidence that we have seen, and/or that our instruments just aren't good enough yet, but really, neither of those should have been remotely possibly true for at least the last 20 years, minimum.
On current evidence, only 2 conclusions are possible. Either we really are alone (as far as technologically advanced species go, at least), or we are the first, or very early at least, and will become the Ancient Aliens...
Not going to lie Simon, usually just skip your in video ads, but this one.... if it does what you say..... Real damn interested.
Impossible is a word that should never be used seriously when it comes to science. At one point in time it was impossible that we'd be exploring space, it was impossible for humans to fly, the impossible is only impossible until technology catches up.
Perhaps Lego Blocks could be considered dark matter. If it's dark and you step on one with bare feet that will most definitely matter!
You can't see it, you can't touch it, you can't measure it. You just have to believe it exist to explain other things that are all around us. Sounds a lot like going back to Sunday Scholl as a child.
You can measure it indirectly through what it affects. It isn't just something that can't be seen, it's something that can't be seen that seems to affect stuff around it gravitationally. It's like a bubble being blown around. After it has been blown, you can no longer tell what blew it.
Oh they NOW can see it, it’s amazing when you get a better camera. The plasma energy and dust they now can see, well they are going to have to come up with “a story” to explain the money they have wasted looking for something that doesn’t exist.
@@reddune6185 There is no "story" needed. The money goes toward paying people, you realise? It isn't wasted, science is just simply the only thing we have that can most closely prove/disprove something existing. Ruling something out is just as important to science.
@@Vaeldarg Okay sure, But an estimated 20 BILLION DOLLARS SPENT, just to disprove a theory. I’m sure we have spent that much before on similar quest.. It’s going to be harder to get congress to fund future projects without a “story”.
@@reddune6185 ITER is a fusion reactor being built by multiple countries just as a test reactor, the Large Hadron Collider is so large it crosses the border of a nearby country in that area and that's just for particle collision tests.....science gets expensive depending on the question. Oh, also the thickest protective door in the world isn't for Fort Knox or any bank, it's to a room testing a (I think neutron? or gamma ray) laser.
When all factors are taken into account for what makes earth special, the odds against another are greater than all the stars in the observable universe. Not only is a life-bearing world a freak of nature, but intelligent life itself is also a freak occurrence of that freak chance for life at all.
It's strange to me that the discussion of dark matter never once included neutrinos...the only form of dark matter we have proven exists.
Simon's space episodes are the best
Gives a whole new meaning when you call somebody a wimp 🤣🤷♀️
Z-biotics sounds like a great excuse to keep it up with my drinking problem 🙃
THE UNIVERSE IS MADE OF MATTER!?!?! WHY WASNT I TOLD ABOUT THIS!!! Lol . I was always wondering what all this stuff I keep touching everyday is.
That was a really solid ad my guy
ET 1: What are those pesky humans up to now?
ET 2: Tensions, conflicts and greed, teetering on the edge of WW3, pollution, plastic and fossil fuel, their usual idiocy.
ET 1: Why don't we go down and introduce ourselves, hopefully distracting and educating them in better ways.
ET 2: Yeah, no, I shall wait them out here, you go for it though, let me know how that works out for you.
they will prove they cant rule themselves they need God the alien. hes alien to us and watching
Dark matter flowing out onto a tape
Is only as loud the silence it breaks
Most things decay in a matter of days
The product is sold, the memory fades
The missing mass is dilated mass. We have all heard the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light" this phenomenon is illustrated in a common relativity graph with velocity (from stationary to the speed of light) on the horizontal line and dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) on the vertical line. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside/stationary/Earthbound observer.
Wherever you have an astronomical quantity of mass, dilation will occur because high mass means high momentum. There is no place in the universe where mass is more concentrated than at the center of a galaxy.
In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" Einstein wrote about dilation occurring in regions that would have less mass than that which would exist at the center of common spiral galaxies. Therefore it is safe to say that according to Einstein's math the mass at the center of our own galaxy must be dilated, in other words that mass is all around us.
It was recently discovered that low mass galaxies (like NGC 1052-DF2) have normal star rotation rates. This is what relativity would predict because there is an insufficient quantity of mass at the center to achieve relativistic velocities.
A simple way to confirm this would be to calculate the star rotation rates of a large number of galaxies. This would show that all the high mass galaxies would have star rotation rates that seem to defy the known laws of physics and all the low mass galaxies would have predictable star rotation rates.
The Wheel of Time turns, and Ages come and pass, leaving memories that become legend. Legend fades to myth, and even myth is long forgotten when the Age that gave it birth comes again. In one Age, called the Third Age by some, an Age yet to come, an Age long past, a wind rose in the Mountains of Mist.
For something to explode it should take two different elements colliding with each other.
It's like at the start of the universe there was at least 2 different elements that collided in some way. So seems more like there were to many elements at the start of see able time that weir to close together and had to explode.
it's just were did the elements originate from
I wish zbiotics was around when I was a drinker. For 20 years I tried to empty all the bars in all the world. Being only successful at emptying my life of any meaning or purpose I gave up the attempt at age 35; however, there were uncountable "morning after" episodes during which I probably would have drunk Drano if someone told me it would help. Now, at age 70 I can only be envious of you youngsters who theoretically have a chance to escape the tyranny of excess.
All matter has volume and mass. Mass divided by volume is density. What is the density of Dark Matter? If it does not have density, it is not matter and does not matter.
Idk for sure, but I've heard that the LHC has just about completely ruled out supersymmetry as a viable candidate for bringing the Standard Model closer to completely explaining the current universe.
Yes, and it's part of the current crisis in physics. A very exciting time!
No, it hasn't.
The problem is, it's already hypothesized by many, before the LHC was even built, that the super symmetric particles take more energy to make, than the LHC has.
And regardless of the name, the LHC is a puny little thing.
A physicist said the energy at the LHC was the equivalent of 2 mosquitoes flying into each other at full speed. Of course that's the energy of a mosquito in a single subatomic particle.
Spunds impressive, but the fact is we've detected individual subatomic particles from space with the energy of a decent sized rock you picked up and threw.
So not finding them, if they're real, isn't a shocker.
The Fermi paradox isn't a paradox at all, as the Drake equation is completely arbitrary and not based on any evidence. There is simply no scientific way to approximate the probability of intelligent life from a sample size of 1. The only useful information you get from it is a proof that intelligent life is possible.
"How was that 5th cocktail? How was it??"
Ah haha... called me out there.
I'm a doctor of biochemistry. I'm ABSOLUTELY NOT a physicist. But, personally, I don't agree with the dark matter hypothesis. I'm of the belief that we are missing something fundamental when it comes to gravity itself.
Edit: As for dark energy, I tend to disagree with that as well. The universe is expanding FASTER than the speed of light. I think gravity, and whatever it is we are missing about it, are what accounts for that impossibly rapid expansion. For anyone who may be interested in alternative (but still scientific) hypothesis and theories, look into Loop Quantum Gravity. It's very interesting.
Regarding alien life its unlikely we will know for a long time. Remember our complex life has only lived in the recent history of our planet. When we look in space, we are looking at the past. There could be other advanced civilizations, but the time it would take for us to find out. We are all bound by the speed of light. There is nothing known to go faster then this (though it is theorized the universe is expanding faster then the speed of light).
My brain hurts now, and I love you for it!
What I dislike about Dark* is that it's a calculation aberration arising almost exclusively from a single observational result... redshift. Yes, there are other things that circumstantially correlate with expansion but of these ~5 factors, only redshift provides deviations we can use to infer things. We inferred that the red\blue shift is solely the function of time\space and hence inferred that the exclusive factor in redshift was time\space thereon we inferred the 3d positional vectors of everything and then inferred a ton of other things. It's an iceberg of inference that is all basically wrong, and Dark matter \ Energy is the proof.
So my assumption here is that in history when we find an aberration we develop new models that explain observations. That's not quite happening. I mean, we're trying and failing. So the aberration is now becoming a 'thing' in it's own right, we're wondering 'what is the thing' we can see? But we can't see it anywhere, because it's only an error arising from the difference between observation and standard model based on the assumption on what redshift arises from.
There appears to be many possible places here that error in our model can seep in, but I feel that we're myopically focused on bolting something on to standard physics that'll resolve it back to being correct.
1) Standard model could just be wrong in how gravity is calculated on larger scales.
2) Our understanding of what redshift means may be off, and some of what we observe might not mean what we infer.
ec. I don't have the answers, but so far nobody does. All Dark* tells us is that our understand is wrong, but to me it looks like physics is doing it's best this time to preserve the models in error because they are still mostly useful even though in one area they are 95% wrong.
I sometimes wonder if aliens would enjoy observing our planet similar to how some humans like to observe nature. I also wonder if an alien race who does this would commit to some kind of "general order 1" or something to that effect where they do everything in their power to not make themselves known or influence our planets natural progression. would they go further and actively try to "scrub" the area of things we might use to detect them or other aliens far away, not maliciously trying to keep us locked on our planet per se but to keep us from knowing any of this.
Yeah, the "Prime Directive Hypothesis", as it were.
And it seems incredibly selfish to not interfere with an inferior species which is clearly destroying itself and its ecosystem. Especially since we would clearly be, to various degrees, be ready to listen to them.
it could be a dick move and/or selfish to not stop our planet from dying but it could still be something they could do. knowing humans have made some very questionable moves as far as, well, enslavement, colonization, genocide, morally questionable experiments/business practices etc. i could believe an alien race doing something morally dubious to us especially if they consider us a primitive creature.
@@justwannabehappy6735 you can present all the facts to people in the world and they still will not listen. I doubt they would listen to an alien race and would only see them as a threat. However it's also likely they are not ignoring us because they don't want to interfere but rather because we're not worth paying attention to much like we don't particularly pay attention to insects or other lower animals on our daily routine. That said it's also likely that any race we encounter was the apex predator of it's planet and would surely kick our ass for the hell of it.
Only self centred humans delusional enough to think themselves important could take that seriously lol
What’s more likely is we simply don’t understand
One of your best video
The Fermi Paradox is the easiest of these to resolve. As this video pointed out several times, the universe is *enormous*... and it would be easily possible for entire civilisations to rise and fall without ever making contact, even if they become spacefaring... because the odds of more than one society in the same cosmological neighbourhood being spacefaring at the same time are astronomically slim, and the Great Filter concept makes it possible that interstellar, or even interplanetary, expansion of a single species is impossible, likely due to the dangers of long-distance space travel to organic matter.
Simon: "Where are the aliens?" But also Simon: "It's not aliens."
Are we still using whole number math to explain the universe? Whole number math is math used to count the number of apples you have. Why would gravity use the same math?
One thing I always hate about the big bang....is the lack of understanding of the catilist....what threshold needed to be acheaved to trigger it.
Why does the universe exist? Possibly because the pulsating, swirling 'gem' photon that is the energy unit of this universe only spins one way.
I'm convinced that dark matter and energy are "subspace" like in star trek. And like in ST subspace is a invisible layer or dimension of real space. Now all we just need to do is figure out how to detect and interact with subspace.
Dark matter and dark energy are totally different things that have nothing to do with another besides the word "dark".
In QFT there is a quantum field for each particle. Some quantum fields couple to others, which means they can interact. If a quantum field does not couple with the photon field, you can't see those particles. If it does not couple to any field (not even itself), then you have dark matter. Might be one field and hence type of particle, or multiple ones. We only know that they interact with nothing but gravity.
Dark energy however is just a number in an equation, kinda like negative pressure.
Video starts at 1:44
3:34: Ah! Like in Red Dwarf 'Backwards' (Series 3 Episode 1) ! 😁😁
I thought of the two universes idea decades ago after realizing the things in our universe that spew out matter in one direction also spew things out in the opposite direction. I then used this observation to answer why there's an overabundance of matter; the antimatter went the other direction. Finally, to tie it all together, I concluded time must be going in the opposite direction which causes antimatter to appear them to be (nearly) identical to the way we see matter.
Oh yes, because you're some genius who solved quantum physics when no one else could
@@Will_Parker Of course.
I used to believe in the mediocrity principle, but lately I’ve come around to the rare earth hypothesis. Sure, if life is exceedingly rare, what are the chances that it would be us out of the entire universe that falls into that category? Pretty low. But imagine if life is so exceedingly rare that only one planet ever supports it. Then the chance of it being us are 100%, since earth does support life
You'd need to be a bit more specific about time flowing in the opposite direction. I mean, it's still starting from a big bang so the universe would still have to expand in the direction of time, cause would still have to precede effect so negative t would be internally indistinguishable from positive t. It's like if + and - charges flipped - since they are measured relative to each other, there would be no difference.
When people point out the odds of finding a thing are 1 in a million or 1 in a billion, they forget the sheer size of the universe. There are 8 billion people on Earth right now. There are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way and over 100 billion galaxies in the visible universe. Science continues to consider something not just possible but likely until it is suggested to be impossible. "Rare" and "impossible" are vastly different concepts.
for dark energy I've always wondered if we're actually still in the equivalent of the initial explosion of an explosive. If you were inside that explosion and it was slowed down billions of times it would seem like everything was accelerating.
If you think that, you haven't seen the data.
@@michaelsommers2356 never said I believe that's how it is. In both cases it would look like expansion is accelerating from the perspective of someone inside. We have no explanation for dark energy so the data becomes irrelevant here. I'm aware of red shift but that also relies on assumptions. the math lines up but we don't 100% know the reason is space is expanding.
I have a theory on the big bang and antimatter. I posit that the big bang itself was the result of an explosion created when large masses of matter and antimatter came into contact and were converted to energy. Now, while matter and energy are relatively interchangeable, logic dictates that energy requires a medium from which to operate.
By that logic, I would then say that energy is a part of matter, and therefore stronger than just energy.
I would further argue that as a result, some relatively small amount of matter survived. The matter that didn't survive was stripped of its energy and imparted with an opposing charge, converting it to dark matter.
In my head, my mind dictates that the reason dark matter and dark energy is undetectable is due to the nature if its charge. For example infrared light has a general wavelength between 1 millimeter and 700 nanometers. The dark energy variant of this may have a wavelength between negative 1 millimeter and negative 700 nanometers.
The only thing I can think of to visualize this would be something like textures in a video game where the textures are rendered one one side of a polygon but see-through on the other side.
I don't want anyone reading this comment to think I actually know anything about physics or that I'm intentionally spouting misinformation. I certainly don't know a whole lot. This theory is all entirely speculation and based entirely on my own personal logic, and may or may not hold any factual information.
M Theory, which is based on String theory. That's what that first idea is called.
Could the matter anti matter destruction in times past explain the sudden expansion of the universe at that point in time?
We ask "where are all the aliens?" While the US navy has these UAPs on camera and radar, and NASA was just tasked with studying these things. there's a greater than 0% chance aliens or alien drones are already here.
Even if it's technology from earth, it's equally exciting because it would mean we clearly have a greater understanding of physics than we're told publicly.
Agreed. Basically, one of these two things are theoretically true.
A) ETs or ET drones have already interacted with us here on earth (and for how long, I wonder?)
Or B) World authorities (meaning authority structures somewhere in the world, not like "world authorities") currently possess a higher understanding of physics than we are told.
There really isn't much if any room for neither of these to be true.
@@JELazarus III) The govt has been long-conning us for, at this point, multiple generations.
The "Corridor Crew" channel of VFX professionals debunked either all or just about all of those "UAP" shots. What the "former" UFO-hunter who leaked them failed to mention, was that the IR (as in infrared) camera being used was newly installed, uncalibrated, and operated by pilots rather than camera experts. "black body radiation" of a fellow jet, a trick of perspective of the "capsule", etc. were the MUCH more likely explanations.
@@Vaeldarg I'm not sure I'd call that a debunk. I just watched the whole video. They do offer up what appears to be some plausible explanations (I don't have the VFX know-how to argue or challenge any of their points effectively), but it seems far from conclusive. A challenge to be sure, but definitely does not rise to the level of a debunk.
Einstein suggests that time slows for the observer, the closer to a black hole one gets... Meaning time slows as gravity intensifies. Our galaxy is headed toward an enormous gravity well called the Great Attractor. This infers, the closer we get to it, the slower our time progresses. It's possible we're experiencing time dilation when seeing galaxies rotate too quickly, or hot Jupiters with orbits happening in days to months... While our solar system only has 2 planets that orbit in less than a year
I thought everyone knew that Dark Matter was in fact burritos and Dark Energy is what you get out the other end after eating those burritos.
The fact that we can’t see , what makes up 95% of what makes up the universe. Means we aren’t looking the right way .
No detection of life?
A good theory is that brown and red dwarf stars have a double plasma sheath around them which make the "failed stars" appear much larger than what they are. Thia sheath would hide smaller planets within and inside the planets would gave a relatively stable environment. The kicker is they tend to nova mich more often than main sequence stars do so life wouldnt get very advanced before it would suffer catastrophies. The idea is that this small solar system can be captured by a larger system dominated by a main sequence star and its planets forming a hybrid system. This could allow more advanced life to continue before catastrophies could wipe them out. Saturn and Jupiter were both dwarf stars. They suffered nova events. Most recently was Saturn, hence the rings. The O2 molecules on earth match only those found in the rings of Saturn which suggests the possibility earth was once orbiting Saturn along with the other planets with the same or near axial tilts and Neptune.
Per Dark Matter, one line of thought suggests that modern physics needs further correction, like from Ptoleme to Aristotle to Copernicus to Keppler to Newton to Einstein and onward~
Half the craic of drinking is knowing how bad you'll feel the next day.
I find it hilarious that decades ago we were taught the Big Bang as a simple eloquent certainty yet, like everything else, it will continue to evolve and continue to change and be speculated on. Why can’t we just be honest as scientists and say “This is what we think now…but we are still looking at it”?
Few funds are provided for holistic study like this, it is provided to established specialised study. The new 'telescopes' now make observations contradicting everything. Best match for the overwhelming new data is that Birkeland Currents power the Universe and are the reason it is as it is.
There's a Big Banger Burger Bar in The Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy and Milliways The Restaurant At The End Of The Universe, take your pick. 😁
I always wonder who writes for side projects because it’s the only channel that doesn’t list a writer anywhere
In a blackhole universe, you would expect normal gravity to accelerate the expansion INWARDS which would look exactly like our expanding universe. Hence dark energy is not required to explain it..
Theres several comments i made here, all can be explained with us being inside a blackhole easily, instead of these multiple problems described. Being rational, thats WHY i think our universe is a blackhole, it simplifies the problems..
How many channels do you present
If expansion goes enough, would it cause a new big bang because gluons can't be torn apart? Dark energy converted into new matter?
Consider the following:
a. Numbers: Modern science does not even know how numbers and certain mathematical constants exist for math to do what math does. (And nobody as of yet has been able to show me how numbers and certain mathematical constants can come from the Standard Model Of Particle Physics).
b. Space: Modern science does not even know what 'space' actually is nor how it could actually expand.
c. Time: Modern science does not even know what 'time' actually is nor how it could actually vary.
d. Gravity: Modern science does not even know what 'gravity' actually is nor how gravity actually does what it appears to do.
e. Speed of Light: 'Speed', distance divided by time, distance being two points in space with space between those two points. But yet, here again, modern science does not even know what space and time actually are that makes up 'speed' and they also claim that space can expand and time can vary, so how could they truly know even what the speed of light actually is that they utilize in many of the formulas? Speed of light should also vary depending upon what space and time it was in. And if the speed of light can vary in space and time, how then do far away astronomical observations actually work that are based upon light and the speed of light that could vary in actual reality?
Problem: "According to the big bang theory, equal amounts of matter and anti-matter should exist."
Solution: The big bang theory is wrong.
It's funny. When he said Zeus in the video, I was thinking "god" because it's about as close to an explanation as any has at this point.
Ripper Theory: Intelligent beings create the means to destroy themselves before achieving the means to travel in space.
The thing about aliens with astronomy is that you are essentially looking way back into the past, not the present. So, assuming that there is a ton of aliens a million light years away that started flying around space 200 thousand years ago (from today) it would take 800 thousand years for us to see it.
There could be life on other planets where the gravity of the planet is too difficult to overcome so they can’t get into space or escape the planets gravity. We could be lucky that our planet’s gravitational field is relatively easy to overcome.
Can't help but wonder if the Two-Universe Theory, in which the big bang generates a universe where time flows forwards (ours) and one where time flows backwards simultaneously, could explain the matter-antimatter discrepancy as well. Kind of like Hawking Radiation, the events of the big bang could have just pushed these two populations beyond one another's horizon faster than they could interact. So it would *look like* the big bang radiated a ton of matter and energy into the universe, but it really just dumped all the antimater and negative energy over the other horizon.
And *then* I imagine the geometry of that and I can imagine connecting the terminal ends of those two universes together through a 5th dimension to create a proper cycle. Matter and Antimatter and Energy and Negative Energy would all meet again at "the end of time" and boom, the donut flips upside down and the end is now the beginning, and everything flips "sides". The next matter based universe would come out of the "other side" of this fifth dimensional donut.
When you started with Feynman, I expected 1/137, mystery #6 I guess, lol
I kind of like the idea that we *just* missed the aliens.
Apparently there is a 12.7 billion years old earth-like planet in the milky way Galaxy nicknamed the "Genesis planet." For all we know it was once inhabited by complex life that died out some 8 billion years ago.
What if our universe is the smoke from a giant exhaust pipe? That then begs the even deeper question ; who made the vehicles spark plugs?
Prove Earth has intelligent life.
why because of distance. Even if there were any signals they would be so weak would you even be able to pick them out from the noise.
I wonder if dark matter is "invisible", where you can't see it itself, but you can see how it bends light. Case in point, the James Webb telescope image, where dozens of the visible galaxies are basically warping to a curve, as in linear.
The answer to the Fermi Paradox is soooooooooooooooo easy to answer.
Z boitics could take alot of the strain from your liver? Doesnt break down the alcohol but the bi products also damage it?
Simon, do you know SETI has an official anthem? 😆