Janet Kelso: Archaic Genomics
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- Опубліковано 19 чер 2024
- The first keynote presentation at the ELIXIR All Hands meeting 2020. With introduction by the ELIXIR Director Niklas Blomberg.
Abstract:
Recent technological advances have made it possible to recover genome sequences from a number of archaic and early modern humans. These genomes offer a unique opportunity to explore the population histories of modern and archaic human groups and have provided direct evidence for interbreeding between early modern and archaic humans.
As a result, all present-day people outside of Africa carry approximately 2% Neandertal DNA, and some populations, largely in Oceania, also carry DNA from Denisovans. This introgressed DNA has been shown to have both positive and negative outcomes for present-day carriers: underlying apparently adaptive phenotypes as well as influencing disease risk.
In recent work, we have identified Neandertal haplotypes that are likely of archaic origin and determined the likely functional consequences of these haplotypes using public genome, gene expression, and phenotype datasets. We have also used simulations, as well as the distribution of Neandertal DNA in ancient modern humans, to understand how selection has acted on Neandertal introgressed sequences over the last 45,000 years. - Наука та технологія
The text to speach has no idea what a Denisovan is. So far it has tried Dissident, Dennis of a cave, geniuses, Dennis Evans, dentist decay, Denise Oven
I can't stop giggling, which is frustrating, because her talk is fascinating!
dennis of a cave lol
Yet the late Steven Hawkings worried that robots with Artificial Intelligence would take over the world. LOL!
@@michaels4255 They already have.
I have reviewed much of the material available on UA-cam related to human genomics before seeing your presentation. I was very impressed with how much new information you presented to me in this one talk. Thank you.
The best Iv read!
Have you read who we are and how we got there by David Reich?? And can we connect?
Thank you indeed Dr. Kelso for this impressive and illustrative talk.
This was a spectacular talk. Thank you Janet Kelso!
Best thing I've ever seen on UA-cam.
Omg ..Thank u soooooo much Janet Kelso ...🙏💜
Fascinating.
Are the p values on the slide "traits associated with introgressed Neandertal variants" corrected for scanning?
Fascinating, that we can discover a whole new hominid from the tiny bone of a pinky finger. What else will we find?
Small correction for ua-cam.com/video/jfLt5F7cyJw/v-deo.html. It's not "Altai region of the Russian Caucasus", it is just Altai mountains. The Caucasus is where Mezmaiskaya cave is on the next slide.
Fascinating, thanks.
Extremely interesting, thanks for sharing it with us.
The Neanderthal mitochondria has been a big question. Thanks for the post.
Thinking your doing great work for future reference. This may help with new medication and other understandings human immunity and growth of mutations.
Absolutely fascinating
I recently got a DNA reading
so I'm not as lost as I would have been
before I received it . I've always found
ancient civilization fascinating and I've a keen interest in the Desanovians
Thanks so much for this 😍
I believe Phillipines have the largest Denison populations, so far.
Same here 😌
👍👍👍👍. Excellent presentation
This brings it home for me. 👏👏👏👏👏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
way underrated video!!!
This lady is incredibly knowledgeable, intellectual and very worthwhile listening too - if you can keep up. I'm an English native speaker but she speaks like a machine gun. I've switched off after 10 minutes, it's too stressful.
As far as determining Neanderthal phenotype, wouldn't this suggest that they varied in phenotype to a similar degree that modern Eurasians do? Different phenotypes being selected in different regions for various reasons?
what about the gene flow between Australian Aborigines and Denisovans? that should be higher
Riveting. Thank you.
This was a fascinating journey! Will share!!!
It's a shame that such an important presentation as this has such a small representation from Australian Aboriginal populations. I would have thought such a population with very little external mixing for 30,000 to 60,000 years might provide interesting information.
Yes, it seems that many scientist seem to ignore. Our Aboriginal people and the lands east of the Wallace line. I don’t believe that they left Africa 75 thousand years ago but the left before that because a human fossil found in Australia was dated between 65 to 70 thousand years old. And, apparently, many of the DNA of the Denisovans is found in people east of the Wallace line our Aborigine people are very unique.
Anthropologists only recently had access to DNA from many remains across the northern hemisphere. Most of these examples are from cold regions. Unfortunately, microbial activity is higher in warm regions. Since it is difficult to study most remains in warm areas, this may explain the lack of examples from Australian Aboriginals.
14:30 says Russian Caucasus on the slide, which is wrong, that's Altai Mountains
Maybe switch to decaf. I would love to read the transcript.
click the gear icon on the youtube player, you can adjust speed of playback faster or slower..
Why hasn't the homo erectus genome been sequenced? But many many Neanderthals. I don't get it.
hard to find dna in such old bones. but that doesn't mean it won't eventually happen.
The "bone" in Homo Erectus isn't really made out of calcium.
OK, I’m pediatric but the flow schematic at 34:40 is very suggestive.
With pathogen suppression such a major part of gene expression you would think there would be more study on disease being a factor in these population bottlenecks.
❤❤❤
Pls any one explain the concept
The researchers unwittingly discovered that Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA was 15-16ths human and 1-16th chimpanzee. The ape-men were not human ancestors. They were the result of human-ape hybridization.
Wow does she talk fast, but it was interesting when I could keep up .
indeed, try the 0,75 speed another time
I think if your raised in an area where people do talk fast it's normal
I can keep up fine with this ...but some people from the east could of Canada are way faster..
She's nervous speaking in public about incest and bestiality.
and I thought I had more........
Duly convinced 56:30
Obviously Janet Kelso is an expert in her field. I would much like to know how knowledgeable she is with regard to the theories of advanced societies that lived before the Younger Dryus or perhaps is overlooking a alternate history. I've found in the world of trouble shooting and problem solving in general that it is easy to ignore details that do not agree with a person's present understanding. The other problem is that there are groups who hide or destroy evidence. I really hope that the world's DNA specialists keep an open mind, but if not then it is all done in vain.
All evidence points to no advanced civilisation in early history neither in archaeology, genetics and even the mountains of evidence still left standing today, of which in the case of the ancient Egyptians who left many paintings and hieroglyphic texts stating how and what they did.
There is of course a lot of mysticism which seeks purely to make money off ignorance. You can be sure that the people of the Max planck institute seek the truth and use all available evidence.
@@terranaxiomuks It is amazing that you write that there are mountains of evidence on how the Egyptians created the megaliths and yet you can not give me a reference or even one photo of a hieroglyph showing the construction of a pyramid. Not one. Someone I listened to recently . perhaps it was Moore, who mentioned that it it can be practically impossible to change a mind set. Examples of this would be the Bible myth or who really did 911 or anthropogenic global warming crisis? One piece of information is the geological records of previous catastrophes that happen at regular intervals such as the Younger Dryus. These catastrophes occur every 6 thousand years and every other one such as the YD are more severe. There is a million and half years records of repeating glacial periods with interglacial periods such as the Holocene that last approximately 10 thousand years. The entire loss of a previous civilization seems preposterous, but when you think that this civilization lived near the water and sea level has risen nearly 400 feet all of a sudden it seems more possible.
Try going to egypt or reading a book mate, your ignorance is meaningless. People like yourself are an insult to the ancients and the efforts they went to, to leave behind records of how they did things.
I have been to egypt but ill give you some bread crumbs. They used copper tools and sand as a medium to cut stones. The stones also weighed about 2.5 tons and they used cubits and spans to measure things. If you have ever been to egypt, you would not be dithering.
The ancient egyptians were never lost either. Their descendants still live there today. Cultures change and peoples move about.
First off the speed is absolutely fine. I understood everything without any effort whatsoever. If you think it's too fast, simply change your speed setting to slow it down.
Now onto the content. I appreciate the content, though there are gaps as well as some statements that have no evidence to back them up. I understand it's on par with what academia is pushing, but that doesn't mean you should go about your studies assuming they're correct. Especially knowing that academia is dismissive/critical of anything that challenges the norms. I understand the pressure to stick with the norm, but when everyone does a false narrative ends up further imprinted year after year and becomes so ingrained it's hard to correct.
This is a subject that has always driven me crazy. Any branch of science that has theories to understand a subject has from the beginning a real hatred for any new or competing theory. It drives me crazy that our education system teaches theory as fact instead of theory ,which leads to people fight that any other theory is stupid and wrong. Just think how much further our knowledge would be if all theory was respected and investigated. Several years back there was an early human camp area that had evidence of human settlement in the Americas way earlier than previously thought. Instead of checking it out and expanding the site, the Archeologist in charge lost her job and was banned from the science community for the rest of her life. And as for the site, it was bulldozed! As I said we would be so much further without all this hatred of true science.
@@JohnSmith-gn3jk yeah I hate to say it, but there is an organized group in academia that has chosen a narrative they want to push and they don't care about the truth at all. It's really sad. I know some things in science/history are inconvenient, but that doesn't mean they aren't true. You can't block out reality because it doesn't make you feel good.
alex hurt , I started volunteering at my sons high school after I retired teaching a class on alternative theory. Really an easy A for the students and for the most part teach it themselves. Each student researches a theory of their choice and teaches it to the class. Really the whole point is they leave my class knowing quite well the difference between a theory and law and also have an education about just how often theories are changed over time. And they also learn theories that might be the next "truth".
@@JohnSmith-gn3jk that's awesome. Yeah kids definitely aren't encouraged to question the provided narrative at all. That's why so many kids get through college and end up dumber than they started. Critical thinking and questioning what people are saying is incredibly important not just for us as individuals, but for us as a society.
Sometimes I feel like the school system has been designed to make people more receptive to propaganda, but I'm sure it's my paranoia seeping through. I know for a fact many things I learned in history class are blatantly false lies. I'm not sure if its willful deceit by some central individual or if it's accidental because of ever present bias of historians, but it exists nonetheless. Low level science is pretty straightforward, but a lot of it is taught incorrectly or taught as established fact when it's only widely accepted. People forget for a long time the earth was the center of the universe until it was proven otherwise. It was an "established fact".
@@JohnSmith-gn3jk was this the eastern state's camp site that someone suggested might have been settled by Mousterians who could have kayaked around the northern ice sheets?
I probably have that wrong but have never found follow-up on It.
Watching 44:17
Audio hurts my ears
African vs non-African - can we call it what it is, i.e., different human races?
Race is a cultural concept, not a biological or evolutionary one. Regarding contemporary notions of "race" and skin color, white skin only emerged within the last 10,000 years or so. You would do well to abandon your outdated and essentially racist point of view.
@@garykeenan8591 Are you suggesting there are no biological or evolutionary differences among human races (however defined)? I am not talking about skin color, that doesn't mean anything. Yes, all races possibly had a common ancestor some 50,000-100,000 years ago, but are humans somehow exempt from evolution?
@@garykeenan8591 race is not a cultural concept... this is a cope. Human races have very different origins
@@KitKat-kg4ku yes there are differences between human races and phenotypes.
@@Nocturne33 Thank you! Obviously, it is like in any other species. I thought I am going crazy here.
Had anbody actually sequenced DNA from archaic Welsh bones, they would have found that there is close correlation between populations in mid and north wales, the England/Scotland borderlands (in the Rheged), and with southern America and the Southern African San populations, showing that ancient welsh humans most closely related to the populations of the farthest reaches of the supposed migration, because their ancestors are closely related sea-faring peoples about 130,000 years ago. You just have to sequence welsh bones that old to prove it.
There are no significant differences between humans. Evolution had nothing to do with varying levels of human success on Earth. It’s entirely coincidental.
I completely disagree! In fact, I say there are significant differences between various races, to such a high degree that they can barely be considered the same species.
@@BetyarPali
Read Guns, Germs and Steel.
@@OblateSpheroid why bring geopolitics into it when there are clear physical and mental differences between the races? Look up the average IQ and the average cranial capacity for each race, and you will clearly see the significant differences that I'm referring to.
@@OblateSpheroid No point trying to reason with racists; they have no interest in reading books which might challenge their view point. 😉
The breezy lynx spectacularly sip because geography methodically choke like a ambitious vegetable. smiling, lucky lake
Exactly!
TERRIFIC!
Ever wondered?
-how do I learn more about ancient dna discoveries than I have from any other youtube video? ANSWERED
-why do Aussie Aborigines seem to have the same amount of neanderthal dna as europeans when euros were ~introgressing~ with them for many millennia longer? ANSWERED
-why were neanderthal hair and skin genes retained more than other genes? ANSWERED
-why is it so hard to breathe after I mow the lawn? ANSWERED
-what new capabilities will help us learn even more about the relationship between sapiens & neanderthals? ANSWERED
... and so much more.
THANKS!!!
This does not explain Hillary Clinton
Out of all the stuff online creddeted to aliens, i give the most creedence to hillary being a alien muntant experament.
@@howardwhite1507 a failed one at that. Ever see her head bob up and down when talking with other women? She looks like a stepford wife who has blown a circuit
The speaker needs to slow down delivery, I'm an excellent English speaker and I had to put on earphones and rerun the video to understand what was being said.
I am a native, highly university educated, both sciences and the arts..literary arts..she speaks so fast that words are being pushed together in the human ear. She does speak and pronounce clearly, but far too fast for a video aimed at the general but informed public. The content is excellent.
You're welcome to watch in half speed. You do know speed can be adjusted on UA-cam right?
@@alexhurt7919 Artificially slowing down the speed is no substitute for correct, measured, clearly pronounced speech. Not too fast or slow. Crisp annunciation is key.
@@donned4260 it's incredibly easy to understand. You aren't missing anything though the content isn't even accurate. It's political garbage.
@@alexhurt7919 Content is a whole other issue.
lots of BS here
Literary Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion
Consider the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra, a Vedic text. Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra @ records:
“Amavasu migrated westward. His people are Gandhari, Parsu and Aratta.”
This refers to a Vedic king called Amavasu, whose people are the Gandhari (Gandhara - Afghanistan), the Parsu (Persians) and the Aratta, who are tentatively identified as living in the vicinity of Mt. Ararat, which is located in Turkey (eastern Anatolia) and Armenia.
Afghanistan (Gandhara) was historically part of the Indian civilization until the Islamic invasions. The name “Persia” comes from the ancient Parshva people (an Aryan clan). The word “Parshva” is derived from the Sanskrit/Avestan (Old Persian) word “Parshu”, which means “battle-axe”. There are clear linguistic and cultural similarities between India and Persia.
The traditional Armenian name for Mt. Ararat is Masis. It is named after the legendary Armenian king Amasya. The name “Amasya” is linguistically related to the name “Amavasu” of the Indian king recorded in the Baudhayana’s Shrauta-Sutra. This establishes literary evidence for the westward expansion of Indo-Aryans, via Afghanistan, to Persia, Armenia and Anatolia.
The ancient kingdom of Mitranni, of the people who used to worship Mitra, the Vedic God, located in present-day Syria and Anatolia, had an Indo-Aryan, Sanskrit-speaking ruling class. Mitranni kings had Indo-Aryan names. The oldest recorded (Vedic) Sanskrit words are found in a horse training manual by a Mitranni horse master named Kikkuli. Although the text is written in the Hittite language, it appears that Kikkuli was not familiar enough with that language to use technical terms, which made it necessary for him to use the terminology of his own language (Vedic Sanskrit) instead.
Inscribed clay tablets discovered in Boğazkale, Anatolia (Turkey), record a royal treaty and invoke the Vedic gods Indra, Mitra, Nasatya & Varuna by the Hittites, another Indo-European tribe, as witnesses. The Boğazkale clay tablets are dated to about 1380 BC. This is around the same time as Kikkuli’s horse training manual.
The Mitranni and Hittites belonged to the Indian-origin haplogroup R1a1a. This is clear evidence of a large-scale westward expansion of Sanskrit-speaking Indo-Aryans, and their presence as the ruling aristocracy in lands thousands of kilometers west of India.
(This is quoted from our forthcoming book, 'Ethics, Morality and Business' to be published by Palgrave-Macmillan.)
The book you are advertising here is talking about the migration that happened a few thousand years ago, which has nothing to do with this video that operates the scale of 100K - 1M years ago.
This is racist pseudoscience. All human ancestry came out of Africa 50 thousand years ago. The only thing which varies across human populations is skin color. This is extremely well established.
That is completely false. Get your head out of the sand and open your eyes to reality.
All dog ancestry came from the wolf. The only thing which varies across dog populations is skin color. This is extremely well established. An English Mastiff and a Pug are the same thing. Don't fall for breedist pseudoscience.
Then why do some "humans" have tits? And others grow beards?