Military units that have contracted to do their qualification/training firing at your local range can be a bonanza for brass hunters. While I was shooting competitively for the NG and working as the rangemaster for my day-to-day LEO agency, I had to turn in empty brass, round-for-round, when I drew my training ammo at the NG. Most Army/Airforce/Guard units do that. However, when the Navy/CG does their firing, they're usually shipboard and simply pushbroom their empties over the side. So, when they shoot at a range on land, they also leave the brass. I always coordinated with the Master-at-Arms of any Navy unit, so I knew when they had a qual scheduled, and when they were clearing from the range, my assistant and I were there to collect their brass! Nice, fresh, once-fired 308, 223, 9mm and 45 brass free for the labor of picking it up!
I just want to point out that most military brass is made with much thicker case walls (and sometimes heads) than most commercial brass. Since the outside dimensions stay the same, the thicker case means that the inside dimensions are smaller, reducing the capacity of the case compared to commercial cases. This means that with the same bullet and powder charge, the pressure generated on firing will be greater, sometimes dangerously so. Also, different commercial brass can vary between brands, causing the same problem when loading two brands. You can see this by simply weighing various brands of empty brass. This is why we don't mix headstamps, and we always develop our loading data and then load our ammo supply with the identical components.
Very relevant especially to a beginner like me. I started in 2013 when my brother who served in Vietnam started to mentor me. He's forgotten more than I'll ever know. I appreciate how you teach and your willingness to share your education. I will learn and pass it on as well thanks to you.
Sand Hollow Homestead I've watched many vids by Mr. Fortune Cookie. You can't go wrong following his advice. I've handloaded for over 30 years and I know B.S. when I hear it.
Learned: 1) No caliber stamp on military brass. 2) The US used corrosive primers and or powder in the past. 3) Never assume anything in reloading! Excellent video FC45LC as usual!
If you scrounged military brass from the range or elsewhere and discovered the primer crimp has already been removed, assume it has already been reloaded several times and discarded. So dump it.
Excellent video. Very informative and easy to understand. It’s funny how you overlook so many things when your ammo is free and you’re paid to shoot it! I’m just beginning to reload and I had no idea until yesterday about the “military crimp”. Thank you for the knowledge and advice
The US Military made the switch to non corrosive powder and primers after WWII. The goal was to make the switch by 1950, but it took longer than expected to fully implement. Most military cartridges made after 1950 are non corrosive. All cartridges made after 1954 are non corrosive.
Evansville Cartridge is WW2 anmo made by Chrysler on contract. I picked up a can of 45 steel case EC43 repacked in 44, because I had a great aunt that worked there during the war. Stuff is still mostly serviceable. Ammo guys at Cp Atterbury said it was safe as long as it wasn't corroded.
Great video and great info on military brass. .308 / 7.62 x 51 NATO is one of the calibers I'm going to be reloading a lot of. I have a FAL STG-58 & a CETME that I'm going to do custom reloads for. That case prep center is really nice. Thanks for sharing.
metaltrooper62 - I shot some FAL 7.62 in the past that had Berdan primers - had to throw them in the trash - nowadays we can turn it in for brass scrap. I'm not sure how much of that is Boxer primed circulating around, hopefully, you don't have any of that Berdan stuff... Best to ya...
Don't let the flute marks on the brass from the CETME throw you. Most of the soot will tumble off and the remainder won't hurt anything except appearance.
Prepping military brass is one of my winter sitting in front of the tv projects. I usually lube, size, decap and tumble the lube away downstairs but then the rest is in the den watching tv and trimming, decrimping, brushing the case neck and beveling the case mouth inside and out. I will then hand prime everything I've prepped. I've done thousands of cases every winter. I store them, sorted by brand, in water tight ammo cans. I have a Frankfort case prep center. I get a lot of 5.56 PPU and CBC brass besides the Lake City and FC. The rest come in smaller numbers so I use them as a miscellaneous lot. I finally filled my 6 gallon bucket with military and other crimped 9mm cases...about 10-12K I figure. I'm depriming them on a press but I'll decrimp in front of the tv. It is simple stuff to pass the time while avoiding bad weather. I haven't had time to do the 7.62 stuff.
I use the RCBS military crimp remover bit chucked in a drill and it works well for removing the crimp.Great tutorial on rifle reloading FC! Thanks again for sharing your knowlege.
I have a bunch of .223 range brass , all with crimped primers. I reamed them with the Lyman tool, but still couldnt reliably seat primers in many of them. I bought a Hornady primer pocket swaging die, and ran them through it. No more problems, even if I didnt ream the cases first. I decap using the Lee decapping tool and a hammer. Even at that I find many of these cases quite hard to decap, and Ive broken a couple of the decapping punches, which is really no fault of the tool, just really tightly crimped primers.
Another excellent video. I learn so much from you. I look forward to your videos I check every day to see if you put one out. Thanks for all your knowledge.
Tony R - early on, I bought 2000 military 5.56 cases. By the time I sorted all the different headstamps and sorted by weight, I had about a 20 different piles of brass. I still have some containers of that brass that I really can’t use today because there isn’t a big enough quantity of any one. And there isn’t more of that to be had in the event I get a good shooting pile. Nick, my benchrest shooting friend, told me to start with 200 matched brass for working up precision ammo. Hard to get 200 matched military casings. So I did all my High power competition with matched Winchester. Now I like Lapua brass - real consistent brass. Have a fine 4th, FC Steve
I've been collecting 223 and 5.6 brass at the range and processing it- in case I buy a rifle that it fits. I have several hundred cases on hand. What better reason to buy a new rifle. Next I think I might be in the market for an RCBS case prepping machine. Nothing like putting the cart before the horse. PS, great video.
I have had really good luck with USA brass. I always sort my military brass according to maker and year. Then I weight them and keep them together. I really want to get a case prep center like yours. I have always used the hand tools that do them. As usual another great video. Thanks and happy shooting.
Bigger behind the trigger Atkinson - Hope I don't put the jinx on it, but my RCBS Case Prep Center has been working and working and working for over 20 years - amazing unit - no servicing and no way to oil the innards - just keeps going and going. Best time to buy is when they are doing a sale on the unit...You have to be ready to pounce. Best of the Christmas and Holiday Season to ya, FC Steve
One brand of NATO surplus ammo that I am seeing available now to the public is MEN (Metalwerk Elisenhutte Gmbh). It is really good ammo and great brass for reloading. Pretty economical as well.
The military and contract ammo companies were supposed to have ceased loading corrosive components in 1950 but due to exigencies some corrosive ammo was loaded as late as 1954. You can find tables of dates online as well as a way to test ammo to determine corrosivity. You shouldn't see any corrosive US-made .308. Note, the .30 Carbine ammo has always been non-corrosive.
Something else noteworthy, is that some brands have a smaller flash hole. Lyman makes a flash hole deburring tool that reams the flash holes out to normal size. Otherwise, your decapping pin can get hung up in them. Flash holes are stamped so deburring them makes for a more uniform and predictable ignition... so I’ve read... my shooting isn’t precise enough for me to have ever noticed
Shaun - Great point you make, seems that there are certain Lapua brass that also have smaller flash holes...But the 308, 223 and 30/06 Lapua that I've purchased have none of that... Good reloadin' to ya, FC Steve
Can you do a video reloading 762x51 ? I have an fn fall rife to reload for and I don't see any videos for loading 762x51. I'm a rookie reloaded. Thanks, James.
Good info FC45. I am new to reloading and was wondering about the ring inside the primer pocket and how to swage and what swage is and do I need to do it to every case. This video really helped. Thank you very much for the crimp explanation.
Would you be able to give aome help on Hirtenberger 308 Winchester brass. The brass has small holes and somehwat difficult to deprime. Owuld you be bale to help with this.
dave althoff - and thank you Dave. I thought this would be interesting video as we all run into military brass occasionally if not often…Best Regards...
I just watched another video showing that you're supposed to uniform the primer pocket first, then use a crimp remover as a second step in the process. I'm new to reloading but I'm fairly well read. I'm wanting to make sure I do this the correct way the first time so I've spent a lot of time reading watching and learning. I would prefer to have zero failures from my reloaded ammo. Of course I will discard a primer that doesn't fully seat. Do you know if it is absolutely necessary to uniform and decrimp or decrimp only? I'll be processing some 223 or 5.56 military brass that has been mixed in with some once fired brass. I appreciate your opinion.
My experience: I have a pocket uniformer, and it is very difficult to make it work unless the pocket has been previously de-crimped. I decrimp primarily 5.56/223 brass and the pocket uniformer rarely removes any material from the pocket base--rarely. I don't even use it anymore. At best it scrapes the pocket bottom clean. The best manner I've found to decrimp cases is the Lyman primer pocket reamer. It outperforms the RCBS bench swager hands down. I also recommend buying a primer pocket Go/NoGo gauge from Ballistic Tools, about $15 shipped. It will easily show when pockets have been properly decrimped or are too large/loose. Decrimping cases is a pain, but it's a onetime pain for cheap, quality brass.
any suggestions on depriming DEN 43 berdan 30.06? i've used the "hydraulic method" which belled the neck of the case severely, making it unusable, i've tried drilling them out, sharpened a punch but could not find the small primer hole (has 2) so i'm about out of ideas. i've watched your video "military brass, ins & outs. i really enjoy your presentations & have reloaded for many years but these DEN 43 have me stumped. your help would be appreciated thank you, pat
I've got a question. I purchased once fired .223 brass from the internet and found that many shells are 1.734 or so. My book says that the Max. shell length is 1.760 and that would (as I understand it) make the minimum shell length 1.750. If I'm right then all those below minimum length is not to be reloaded. Am I right? Seems there's a lot of them which says to me that whoever previously loaded these were way out of compliance and the company that sold these actually sold them as brass metal and not reloadable brass. I've even received other caliber brass in the same bag! I don't think there is any regulations on reselling used brass? So, am I right about the min. max shell length and am I doing this right? Thanks!
I bought some bulk m855 green tip awhile back before all this wuflu and prices soared through the roof. I was sorting through some fired cases and came across a head stamp that has the NATO designation, the year is 19, military crimped, but the manufacturer is FAME. It may be obvious which one it is but I'm unfamiliar. Federal American??? Any suggestions
This video shows that no matter what, we'll never know everything; I had no idea about the primer pocket crimping and the need to remove them until this video. Granted I never have reloaded military brass before. I have a case deburr tool which in one of your comments on this video said this would work to get rid of the primer pocket crimp. That's good to know that if I ever *did* run into this problem that I'd be able to take care of it. There was a Ruger M77 7mm rifle, left handed bolt, for sale for a few months I really wanted but I don't got the money. Yesterday I found out it was already sold. Kinda unfortunate, as a quick search doesn't find me very many of them. But, over time I'll be able to save up money and then when I have enough I'll be able to vigorously look around and find another one. Just makes my gun collection feel incomplete without that Ruger M77 7mm, as I like the 7mm cartridge and to reload it. I know you have years of gun collecting, how many moments have you had where your gun collection felt so incomplete without a certain gun? And of course, after we get that gun, a few months later down the road we find others which we really decide we need as well. Has happened to me many times...
Logan Barnette - Thanks for your comment and question. First of all, military brass is good brass, but only if it is matched. Mixed is a different story. Depends on your use. When I started reloading, I used military brass because it was cheap. But when you match it up, you don't get enough of any one headstamp to do any good - so you wind up with lots of different headstamps and not enough of any one. This was in 38 Spl, 45 ACP and 223 / 5.56 and it was random brass. The ammo was best used for blasting and recreational shooting. For best application, I'd always recommend getting 200 rounds of good matched brass. When I started competition, I only used commercial brass - 6000 rounds of same lot Win brass for PPC, Win brass for High Power. For IPSC and steel, I used mixed brass. If I was doing cowboy action today, I'd be using mixed brass. For range shooting, I use mixed brass for handgun and matched brass for rifle - For precision rifle, I use 200 Lapua or Hornady brass or matched Winchester, Norma. Best to ya, FC
Hi Steve. Fun fact; .30 carbine was the first military rifle cartridge to be used with a non-corrosive primer. This was due to concerns that the gas piston would be corroded and malfunction as it was not intended to be field serviceable. Do you hand load for your Carbine? I have been for a year or so with fmj and am currently experimenting with some 120gr GC'd cast boolits out of an NOE mold.
30ROUNDCLIPAZINE - Did not know that factoid on the 30 Carbine with non-corrosive primer...interesting. I do believe that when I get my 30 Carbine Ruger Blackhawk, I'll be reloading that caliber. It was said in the early days that carbide dies would be problematic for the 30 carbine because of its long and tapered case hard to get the carbide ring to work well. Somehow that problem was solved so we can reload with carbide die sets nicely...will find out when I get that Blackhawk, but it's nice to know that others such as yourself have had good success. Best to ya, FC Steve
FortuneCookie45LC Yea although the Lee die set that I bought has the carbide sizer ring, they make note in the instructions to lubricate every fifth case or so. I simply spray all of mine with the iso-lanolin concoction. Sizing effort is minimal. I'm sure that one could size without lube but I'd like to prolong the life of my dies. I've had great luck with the 110 brass jacketed bullets from Missouri bullet co under 15gr of H110 out of 1952 lake City brass that I was given by my grandpa. Better than factory accuracy forsure. We'll see how the lead goes as I'm waiting for a bit of warm weather to test those loads. I too feel the need to get a Blackhawk .30carbine😁. Side note, trimming the brass is tedious and necessary as they stretch unevenly case to case and the Rnd. Headspace's on the mouth.
not all military ammo is made by an arsenal. i think that's where our ammo is going now. to the military. creating one helluva shortage to the consumer.
I believe that is only one aspect of it whereby the government is actually telling the ammo manufactures and the powder and primer manufactures to reduce production for the American consumers
FortuneCookie45LC I have a question. My friend gave me almost 1000 casings for 45 acp for me to load up. About 70% are military brass. Do I need to worry about the crimped primer pockets on these? They range in dates from the 60's through the 90's. They have kind of a ring crimp all the way around the primer pocket. Thanks again for sharing your knowledge.
Great question, and yes - you have to remove the primer crimps. It is possible to jam a primer into crimped primer pockets, but the result is a primer that has been badly treated - not recommended. You can grind the crimp out or swage it out. Simplest way to do it is with a hand primer pocket reamer. But if you intend to do a lot of military brass in the futuer, the swage by Dillon is a fine unit. If you plan on doing a lot of detailed case prepping, the RCBS Case Prep Center is the way to go - it will do all the crimp removal as well as uniforming the pockets, deburring, chamfering... Good reloadin' to ya
DON C - And thanks for your humorous comment. Halloween was nice - all the celebrators were out at the mall this year so we did that in Seattle...was fun...Hope your Halloween was fine... Best to ya, FC
Great info. There is also one point you did not mention or I missed it. Military brass is thicker then nonmilitary brass. You mention this in another video. I would also like to Thank You for the info. on my Lee Factory Crimp Die. As Always, Hank
According to my Sierra manual, there isn't a significant difference with 5.56. There is with .308/7.62 so lower your starting charge weight. Sierra also lists separate load data for AR type rifles considering port pressures.
I prefer the superswager from Dillon to take out the primer pocket crimps. Have found that some of my pockets that were trimmed w/ the RCBS were over trimed to the point that the primers were loose in the pocket. This had lead to slam fires in the past for me. Good info for the new reloaders FC. Always thought that FC on head stamps Fortune Cookie. LOL
pr4runner- We all know Dillon - when you want to fire for effect - swage 'em with Dillon and then go load up a storm!! Haven't had any primer issues with the pocket uniforming, but I see your point - my out is that I'm bolt gunning with that brass, and it's hard to get slam fires with a Ruger Scout Rifle…Thanks for the good word, and in my channel mission statement (personal info) is to help the new reloaders and casters coming on the line while letting the more experienced like yourself chime in with additional info or VRs to help cross pollinate everyone…Have a great day...
I feel Dillon should give out discount coupons for flash hole de burring tools with their swage. Can't tell ya how many times the ragged burs from punched flash holes have folded over and obscured the flash hole inside the case.
Hey Big Cookie love your videos. Debating on reloading kit leaning towards the Redding what's your thoughts and would you mind giving me your expertise. Much appreciated have a wonderful year.
wildwilliams454 - Those kits are fine for those who want to just go with what one company suggests is needed. But I've found that most reloaders like to pick and choose the various equipment as some companies have features that others don't. For example - we would choose based on the main course - the press - and then take what else is along in the kit. But reloaders of lead bullets might want the Lyman die sets because of their fine M dies best for cast bullets - or the RCBS cowboy die sets for the same reason. Some rifle shooters may prefer the Lee Collet Neck Size dies because of their low run out. Some might want an upgraded powder measure such as the Reddings BRs instead what is in the kit. Or grab the Hornady electronic scale automatic powder dispenser. And when it comes to case trimmers, there are many alternatives there. But the quick and easy to get going would be the kits, of course... Good reloadin' to ya, FC Steve
don stromberg-No, don't have that in my reference library…heard of it though, but I've never really considered myself as a cartridge collector (although I do some of that when an interesting cartridge comes along), enough to get that book. Sounds interesting though - might just take you up on that one…Have a great day...
Do you recommend a special die to remove the military primer or will a full length resizing die like the Lee work to deprime military brass? Thanks in advance!
wayne daley - I'm assuming that you are not dealing with Berdan primed military brass - you will break decapping pins trying to deprime those (no flash holes). Otherwise, any of our depriming systems will defeat crimped primers with a bit of extra effort...I have had RCBS pins break though on the older die sets...Best Regards
RKBA - That's an interesting question - Yes, we can crimp our bullets using the Lee Factory Crimp Dies - works well. However, there is no current reloading tool that reloaders can use to create primer pocket crimps. We really don't need to do that as the military crimps primers in to prevent jams in mass fire full auto weapons. Best of the new year to ya, FC
JB - once the crimps are removed, the brass behaves like any other brass. If the primer pockets are also uniformed, then the new primers go in very nice and consistently. Case prep is the big chore in our reloading, but well worth the efforts... Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays to ya..!! FC
gman77gas - If you shoot a lot of rifle (and I did when I was competing in High Power - no so much now esp since I am out of rifle powders until just recently), the green Case Prep Center is VERY handy - durable also…plus RCBS gives you a nice rebate. I see your point on the 100 years!! lol Best Regards
I built my own motorized brass prep machine. A variable speed industrial motor. Set on a heavy plate isolated on rubber feet. Quick and easy. Can do 45 cases a minute.
varanidguy - Let's put it this way...when I was shooting High Power rifle competition, I bought a couple thousand 223 military brass because it was cheap...then sorted out all the same headstamps, then sorted by weight. By the time I did that, I had several piles of brass, but not that many of each one. So I then proceeded to prep those cases - I still have that brass today all stored sorted in used tennis ball cans. Problem was that I didn't have enough of any one pile to really use (we wear out some brass just doing load development - then were do you get more of such headstamp and same weight?) So forget that - I just ordered a thousand Winchester 223 new brass same lot and I was set...for load devlopment, practice and actual competition - used the 69 gr SMKs in my Colt Sporter H-Bar Comp model. Military brass is good brass, but only if you get a lot of the same lot...and military match brass is even better. Military brass case neck thickness varied by .001". I never turned any of my Winchester necks...Best to ya, FC
Great to know. I just bought a Rock River Arms Lar -15 from Fostech, and a 1000 rounds of green tip 5.56 from Bud's Gun Shop. It's going to be a lot of fun, when the rifle arrives at my local gun shop this week. Maintence of the AR as I am learning on youtube is a little more work for a guy who is used to AK platforms.
Vengenace Early - Great to hear from Vengenace Early - Yep, that AR platform with the direct gas impingement system results in fouling and heat in the action - so, as you say, maintenance by Vengenace will be a prominence. :) Best Regards...
It's great to be back. Thanks FC45LC ! I think I will be in and out of shooting for a few months, as I am trying to settle my Mom's estate and sell her house. And now I will have to spend time cleaning my New AR . :) But I will be here as often as possible.
Yes. Differences between AR and AK maintenance summed up: An AR should be cleaned after dropping it in muddy water. It is perfectly acceptable to clean an AK WITH muddy water. =)
JunkfoodZombie Thanks JFZ, I kinda like that one…I recall an article in a gun magazine on the AK that I would never forget - It showed an AK that had been shot through the receiver by a 7.62 round from an M60. The AK still fired full auto…amazing!! Wish I saved that issue… Best to ya...
l've been shooting Federal and American eagle boxed and most of the brass looks old and dirty fresh out of the box, it mostly fired ok but l've had several case failures, some full length splits
Brandon Maloney - That sound quite disturbing…not commonly reported and unsafe events - you should immediately cease usage of that ammo and send an e-mail to Federal with pictures. If other brands split in your gun, you need to have the chamber headspace and dimensions checked and have the caliber verified. If not, the ammo in conversation is bad. Best to ya…hope the problem is cleared up soon...
Brandon Maloney AHA - commercial reloads. One of our shooters picked up 400 rounds of commercial reloads in the valley (big business at that time - no 223 anywhere). And the ammo was all overloaded, with gas blowing out around the primers. He took it all back to the store, and they gave him credit for it…Some of the factory reloads at that time were really problematic. This may have nothing to do with your situation, but sounds similar… Best to ya...
Sorry the cyclic rate of the minigun is just over half your stated 6000 rpm... in this age lets do our homework before looking like a California legislator.
William Kennison - No, I'm sorry for the error - I was quoting the cyclic rate of the M61A Vulcan 20mm rotating cannon that can be upwards to 6600 rounds per minute. I just assumed the Minigun was similar except for 7.62 caliber (Next time I assume, I need to put in the caveat, I should have learned by now - you UA-camrs don't miss a thing). That's the beauty of UA-cam - It let's us, thru videos and then the comment sections afterwards, join in and grow in knowledge in like minds together (great job with your comment)…that's where we all differ from California legislators - they just say anything that will GET them more votes than they MIGHT lose. Caps are there for the fine meanings not to be missed - I'd laugh, but I'm not laughing. Best Regards to you, though :)
Military units that have contracted to do their qualification/training firing at your local range can be a bonanza for brass hunters. While I was shooting competitively for the NG and working as the rangemaster for my day-to-day LEO agency, I had to turn in empty brass, round-for-round, when I drew my training ammo at the NG. Most Army/Airforce/Guard units do that. However, when the Navy/CG does their firing, they're usually shipboard and simply pushbroom their empties over the side. So, when they shoot at a range on land, they also leave the brass. I always coordinated with the Master-at-Arms of any Navy unit, so I knew when they had a qual scheduled, and when they were clearing from the range, my assistant and I were there to collect their brass! Nice, fresh, once-fired 308, 223, 9mm and 45 brass free for the labor of picking it up!
I just want to point out that most military brass is made with much thicker case walls (and sometimes heads) than most commercial brass. Since the outside dimensions stay the same, the thicker case means that the inside dimensions are smaller, reducing the capacity of the case compared to commercial cases. This means that with the same bullet and powder charge, the pressure generated on firing will be greater, sometimes dangerously so. Also, different commercial brass can vary between brands, causing the same problem when loading two brands. You can see this by simply weighing various brands of empty brass. This is why we don't mix headstamps, and we always develop our loading data and then load our ammo supply with the identical components.
Very relevant especially to a beginner like me. I started in 2013 when my brother who served in Vietnam started to mentor me. He's forgotten more than I'll ever know. I appreciate how you teach and your willingness to share your education. I will learn and pass it on as well thanks to you.
Sand Hollow Homestead I've watched many vids by Mr. Fortune Cookie. You can't go wrong following his advice. I've handloaded for over 30 years and I know B.S. when I hear it.
1/4" drill bit works just as well
Learned:
1) No caliber stamp on military brass.
2) The US used corrosive primers and or powder in the past.
3) Never assume anything in reloading!
Excellent video FC45LC as usual!
SomeGuyInSandy-I like your outline - it's like you peeked at my storyboard that I use for every video…Have a great day...
If you scrounged military brass from the range or elsewhere and discovered the primer crimp has already been removed, assume it has already been reloaded several times and discarded. So dump it.
I use a drill press with a bit similar to the prep center- works great
If you see the NATO cross, that's a dead giveaway.
Excellent video. Very informative and easy to understand. It’s funny how you overlook so many things when your ammo is free and you’re paid to shoot it! I’m just beginning to reload and I had no idea until yesterday about the “military crimp”. Thank you for the knowledge and advice
Thank you for the video and help. Just started loading once fired military brass. This was a huge help. Thank you
The US Military made the switch to non corrosive powder and primers after WWII. The goal was to make the switch by 1950, but it took longer than expected to fully implement. Most military cartridges made after 1950 are non corrosive. All cartridges made after 1954 are non corrosive.
Key comment even years later.
Good to know 👍
One exception: .30 Carbine was never corrosive.
Evansville Cartridge is WW2 anmo made by Chrysler on contract. I picked up a can of 45 steel case EC43 repacked in 44, because I had a great aunt that worked there during the war. Stuff is still mostly serviceable. Ammo guys at Cp Atterbury said it was safe as long as it wasn't corroded.
Mil spec .308 is a pain to deal with. I have to small base size the shells or they’ll fail to extract in my SOCOM.
Great video and great info on military brass. .308 / 7.62 x 51 NATO is one of the calibers I'm going to be reloading a lot of. I have a FAL STG-58 & a CETME that I'm going to do custom reloads for. That case prep center is really nice. Thanks for sharing.
metaltrooper62 - I shot some FAL 7.62 in the past that had Berdan primers - had to throw them in the trash - nowadays we can turn it in for brass scrap. I'm not sure how much of that is Boxer primed circulating around, hopefully, you don't have any of that Berdan stuff... Best to ya...
Don't let the flute marks on the brass from the CETME throw you. Most of the soot will tumble off and the remainder won't hurt anything except appearance.
Prepping military brass is one of my winter sitting in front of the tv projects. I usually lube, size, decap and tumble the lube away downstairs but then the rest is in the den watching tv and trimming, decrimping, brushing the case neck and beveling the case mouth inside and out. I will then hand prime everything I've prepped. I've done thousands of cases every winter. I store them, sorted by brand, in water tight ammo cans. I have a Frankfort case prep center. I get a lot of 5.56 PPU and CBC brass besides the Lake City and FC. The rest come in smaller numbers so I use them as a miscellaneous lot. I finally filled my 6 gallon bucket with military and other crimped 9mm cases...about 10-12K I figure. I'm depriming them on a press but I'll decrimp in front of the tv. It is simple stuff to pass the time while avoiding bad weather. I haven't had time to do the 7.62 stuff.
Federal makes great ammo and brass, my favorite.
Jon - Thanks for posting your experiences with Federal -- Have a great day
Fortune Cookie provides truly useful handloading information!!
I use the RCBS military crimp remover bit chucked in a drill and it works well for removing the crimp.Great tutorial on rifle reloading FC! Thanks again for sharing your knowlege.
Badbob - And thank you for posting additional information comment…Good reloadin' to ya...
I have a bunch of .223 range brass , all with crimped primers. I reamed them with the Lyman tool, but still couldnt reliably seat primers in many of them. I bought a Hornady primer pocket swaging die, and ran them through it. No more problems, even if I didnt ream the cases first. I decap using the Lee decapping tool and a hammer. Even at that I find many of these cases quite hard to decap, and Ive broken a couple of the decapping punches, which is really no fault of the tool, just really tightly crimped primers.
Another excellent video. I learn so much from you. I look forward to your videos I check every day to see if you put one out. Thanks for all your knowledge.
148DMC - Thanks for your comment, and the good word is appreciated...Have a great day
Thanks for all this important info. I just started learning about reloading and ran into issues processing some military crimped brass.
Tony R - early on, I bought 2000 military 5.56 cases. By the time I sorted all the different headstamps and sorted by weight, I had about a 20 different piles of brass. I still have some containers of that brass that I really can’t use today because there isn’t a big enough quantity of any one. And there isn’t more of that to be had in the event I get a good shooting pile. Nick, my benchrest shooting friend, told me to start with 200 matched brass for working up precision ammo. Hard to get 200 matched military casings. So I did all my High power competition with matched Winchester. Now I like Lapua brass - real consistent brass. Have a fine 4th, FC Steve
I've been collecting 223 and 5.6 brass at the range and processing it- in case I buy a rifle that it fits. I have several hundred cases on hand. What better reason to buy a new rifle. Next I think I might be in the market for an RCBS case prepping machine. Nothing like putting the cart before the horse. PS, great video.
I have had really good luck with USA brass. I always sort my military brass according to maker and year. Then I weight them and keep them together. I really want to get a case prep center like yours. I have always used the hand tools that do them. As usual another great video. Thanks and happy shooting.
Bigger behind the trigger Atkinson - Hope I don't put the jinx on it, but my RCBS Case Prep Center has been working and working and working for over 20 years - amazing unit - no servicing and no way to oil the innards - just keeps going and going. Best time to buy is when they are doing a sale on the unit...You have to be ready to pounce. Best of the Christmas and Holiday Season to ya, FC Steve
One brand of NATO surplus ammo that I am seeing available now to the public is MEN (Metalwerk Elisenhutte Gmbh). It is really good ammo and great brass for reloading. Pretty economical as well.
LoneWanderer360 - Sounds like goodness out of the German Republic... Best to ya, FC Steve
I told my daughter to look for "FC" head stamp brass - as it stood for "Fortune Cookie" and was good luck
J Whiskey - That's outrageous and intensely funny, JW...outstanding..!! Have a great day, Steve
when were the corrosive powders/primers stopped being used?
i just got donated roughly 10000 rounds of LC 11 military 308 brass.
The military and contract ammo companies were supposed to have ceased loading corrosive components in 1950 but due to exigencies some corrosive ammo was loaded as late as 1954. You can find tables of dates online as well as a way to test ammo to determine corrosivity. You shouldn't see any corrosive US-made .308. Note, the .30 Carbine ammo has always been non-corrosive.
@edbecka233 thanks for the info, i still havent touched it yet lmao
Even tho I don’t reload, I found this to be a very interesting video.
gapster- Thanks for the good word…most don't take the time to comment making those that do more appreciated…Best Regards...
Another great informative vedio. This time I decided to subscribe. Thank you
So after reeming the primer pocket I’m good to go? I’m a newbie and all I have to buy is military brass cause of shortages
Good info, Thanks
Something else noteworthy, is that some brands have a smaller flash hole. Lyman makes a flash hole deburring tool that reams the flash holes out to normal size. Otherwise, your decapping pin can get hung up in them. Flash holes are stamped so deburring them makes for a more uniform and predictable ignition... so I’ve read... my shooting isn’t precise enough for me to have ever noticed
Shaun - Great point you make, seems that there are certain Lapua brass that also have smaller flash holes...But the 308, 223 and 30/06 Lapua that I've purchased have none of that... Good reloadin' to ya, FC Steve
Can you do a video reloading 762x51 ? I have an fn fall rife to reload for and I don't see any videos for loading 762x51. I'm a rookie reloaded. Thanks, James.
Good info FC45. I am new to reloading and was wondering about the ring inside the primer pocket and how to swage and what swage is and do I need to do it to every case. This video really helped. Thank you very much for the crimp explanation.
Would you be able to give aome help on Hirtenberger 308 Winchester brass. The brass has small holes and somehwat difficult to deprime. Owuld you be bale to help with this.
U.S. military stopped using corrosive primers and powders since 1950.
The sealers around bullet and primers are to keep the powder dry.
Very informative!! Thank you sir very much for the information!!!
dave althoff - and thank you Dave. I thought this would be interesting video as we all run into military brass occasionally if not often…Best Regards...
Thanks for all the great info.
mcdsdaddy - Have a great family day!!
I just watched another video showing that you're supposed to uniform the primer pocket first, then use a crimp remover as a second step in the process. I'm new to reloading but I'm fairly well read. I'm wanting to make sure I do this the correct way the first time so I've spent a lot of time reading watching and learning. I would prefer to have zero failures from my reloaded ammo. Of course I will discard a primer that doesn't fully seat. Do you know if it is absolutely necessary to uniform and decrimp or decrimp only? I'll be processing some 223 or 5.56 military brass that has been mixed in with some once fired brass. I appreciate your opinion.
My experience: I have a pocket uniformer, and it is very difficult to make it work unless the pocket has been previously de-crimped. I decrimp primarily 5.56/223 brass and the pocket uniformer rarely removes any material from the pocket base--rarely. I don't even use it anymore. At best it scrapes the pocket bottom clean.
The best manner I've found to decrimp cases is the Lyman primer pocket reamer. It outperforms the RCBS bench swager hands down.
I also recommend buying a primer pocket Go/NoGo gauge from Ballistic Tools, about $15 shipped. It will easily show when pockets have been properly decrimped or are too large/loose.
Decrimping cases is a pain, but it's a onetime pain for cheap, quality brass.
I use a RCBS swag die . Comes with 762 and 556 dies.
Can you do a video on reloading 762x51 ? Where I'm at I'm getting a lot of conflicting information. Thanks, James.
Hey great videos. Just found you and been watching your very informative videos. I subscribed
any suggestions on depriming DEN 43 berdan 30.06? i've used the "hydraulic method" which belled the neck of the case severely, making it unusable, i've tried drilling them out, sharpened a punch but could not find the small primer hole (has 2) so i'm about out of ideas. i've watched your video "military brass, ins & outs. i really enjoy your presentations & have reloaded for many years but these DEN 43 have me stumped. your help would be appreciated thank you, pat
I've got a question. I purchased once fired .223 brass from the internet and found that many shells are 1.734 or so. My book says that the Max. shell length is 1.760 and that would (as I understand it) make the minimum shell length 1.750. If I'm right then all those below minimum length is not to be reloaded. Am I right? Seems there's a lot of them which says to me that whoever previously loaded these were way out of compliance and the company that sold these actually sold them as brass metal and not reloadable brass. I've even received other caliber brass in the same bag! I don't think there is any regulations on reselling used brass?
So, am I right about the min. max shell length and am I doing this right? Thanks!
I keep short brass separate to be reloaded and shot together .
Sucks that my rcbs military crimp remover is ineffective on some wma 9mm brass, so had to dig out the lyman reamer.
I bought some bulk m855 green tip awhile back before all this wuflu and prices soared through the roof. I was sorting through some fired cases and came across a head stamp that has the NATO designation, the year is 19, military crimped, but the manufacturer is FAME. It may be obvious which one it is but I'm unfamiliar. Federal American??? Any suggestions
Fabrica De Armas Y Municiones Del Ejercito S.A.C Peru
Great vid...awesome info.
Gun Enthusiast- Thanks for the good word…Best Regards
Great informative video thanks.
Eddy Currents And thank you for taking the time to post...Have a great day
This video shows that no matter what, we'll never know everything; I had no idea about the primer pocket crimping and the need to remove them until this video. Granted I never have reloaded military brass before.
I have a case deburr tool which in one of your comments on this video said this would work to get rid of the primer pocket crimp. That's good to know that if I ever *did* run into this problem that I'd be able to take care of it.
There was a Ruger M77 7mm rifle, left handed bolt, for sale for a few months I really wanted but I don't got the money. Yesterday I found out it was already sold. Kinda unfortunate, as a quick search doesn't find me very many of them. But, over time I'll be able to save up money and then when I have enough I'll be able to vigorously look around and find another one. Just makes my gun collection feel incomplete without that Ruger M77 7mm, as I like the 7mm cartridge and to reload it. I know you have years of gun collecting, how many moments have you had where your gun collection felt so incomplete without a certain gun? And of course, after we get that gun, a few months later down the road we find others which we really decide we need as well. Has happened to me many times...
Hey FC do I need to separate my 5.56 and .223 brass? I have about 5 different head stamps and im new at this.
Logan Barnette - Thanks for your comment and question. First of all, military brass is good brass, but only if it is matched. Mixed is a different story. Depends on your use. When I started reloading, I used military brass because it was cheap. But when you match it up, you don't get enough of any one headstamp to do any good - so you wind up with lots of different headstamps and not enough of any one. This was in 38 Spl, 45 ACP and 223 / 5.56 and it was random brass. The ammo was best used for blasting and recreational shooting. For best application, I'd always recommend getting 200 rounds of good matched brass. When I started competition, I only used commercial brass - 6000 rounds of same lot Win brass for PPC, Win brass for High Power. For IPSC and steel, I used mixed brass. If I was doing cowboy action today, I'd be using mixed brass. For range shooting, I use mixed brass for handgun and matched brass for rifle - For precision rifle, I use 200 Lapua or Hornady brass or matched Winchester, Norma. Best to ya, FC
Hi Steve. Fun fact; .30 carbine was the first military rifle cartridge to be used with a non-corrosive primer. This was due to concerns that the gas piston would be corroded and malfunction as it was not intended to be field serviceable. Do you hand load for your Carbine? I have been for a year or so with fmj and am currently experimenting with some 120gr GC'd cast boolits out of an NOE mold.
30ROUNDCLIPAZINE - Did not know that factoid on the 30 Carbine with non-corrosive primer...interesting. I do believe that when I get my 30 Carbine Ruger Blackhawk, I'll be reloading that caliber. It was said in the early days that carbide dies would be problematic for the 30 carbine because of its long and tapered case hard to get the carbide ring to work well. Somehow that problem was solved so we can reload with carbide die sets nicely...will find out when I get that Blackhawk, but it's nice to know that others such as yourself have had good success. Best to ya, FC Steve
FortuneCookie45LC Yea although the Lee die set that I bought has the carbide sizer ring, they make note in the instructions to lubricate every fifth case or so. I simply spray all of mine with the iso-lanolin concoction. Sizing effort is minimal. I'm sure that one could size without lube but I'd like to prolong the life of my dies. I've had great luck with the 110 brass jacketed bullets from Missouri bullet co under 15gr of H110 out of 1952 lake City brass that I was given by my grandpa. Better than factory accuracy forsure. We'll see how the lead goes as I'm waiting for a bit of warm weather to test those loads. I too feel the need to get a Blackhawk .30carbine😁. Side note, trimming the brass is tedious and necessary as they stretch unevenly case to case and the Rnd. Headspace's on the mouth.
30ROUNDCLIPAZINE - Will be ready for trimming that 30 carbine brass as necessary...Good shootin' to ya, FC Steve
not all military ammo is made by an arsenal. i think that's where our ammo is going now. to the military. creating one helluva shortage to the consumer.
I believe that is only one aspect of it whereby the government is actually telling the ammo manufactures and the powder and primer manufactures to reduce production for the American consumers
FortuneCookie45LC I have a question. My friend gave me almost 1000 casings for 45 acp for me to load up. About 70% are military brass. Do I need to worry about the crimped primer pockets on these? They range in dates from the 60's through the 90's. They have kind of a ring crimp all the way around the primer pocket. Thanks again for sharing your knowledge.
Great question, and yes - you have to remove the primer crimps. It is possible to jam a primer into crimped primer pockets, but the result is a primer that has been badly treated - not recommended. You can grind the crimp out or swage it out. Simplest way to do it is with a hand primer pocket reamer. But if you intend to do a lot of military brass in the futuer, the swage by Dillon is a fine unit. If you plan on doing a lot of detailed case prepping, the RCBS Case Prep Center is the way to go - it will do all the crimp removal as well as uniforming the pockets, deburring, chamfering... Good reloadin' to ya
Thank you again. I always appreciate your feedback.
Hi Steve, funny you said FC stands for FortuneCookie When I come across FC brass I chuckle. Happy Halloween
DON C - And thanks for your humorous comment. Halloween was nice - all the celebrators were out at the mall this year so we did that in Seattle...was fun...Hope your Halloween was fine... Best to ya, FC
Great info. There is also one point you did not mention or I missed it. Military brass is thicker then nonmilitary brass. You mention this in another video. I would also like to Thank You for the info. on my Lee Factory Crimp Die. As Always, Hank
Hank-Thanks for adding this comment…You are very thorough…Have a great day...
According to my Sierra manual, there isn't a significant difference with 5.56. There is with .308/7.62 so lower your starting charge weight. Sierra also lists separate load data for AR type rifles considering port pressures.
I prefer the superswager from Dillon to take out the primer pocket crimps. Have found that some of my pockets that were trimmed w/ the RCBS were over trimed to the point that the primers were loose in the pocket. This had lead to slam fires in the past for me. Good info for the new reloaders FC. Always thought that FC on head stamps Fortune Cookie. LOL
pr4runner- We all know Dillon - when you want to fire for effect - swage 'em with Dillon and then go load up a storm!! Haven't had any primer issues with the pocket uniforming, but I see your point - my out is that I'm bolt gunning with that brass, and it's hard to get slam fires with a Ruger Scout Rifle…Thanks for the good word, and in my channel mission statement (personal info) is to help the new reloaders and casters coming on the line while letting the more experienced like yourself chime in with additional info or VRs to help cross pollinate everyone…Have a great day...
I feel Dillon should give out discount coupons for flash hole de burring tools with their swage. Can't tell ya how many times the ragged burs from punched flash holes have folded over and obscured the flash hole inside the case.
Hey Big Cookie love your videos. Debating on reloading kit leaning towards the Redding what's your thoughts and would you mind giving me your expertise. Much appreciated have a wonderful year.
wildwilliams454 - Those kits are fine for those who want to just go with what one company suggests is needed. But I've found that most reloaders like to pick and choose the various equipment as some companies have features that others don't. For example - we would choose based on the main course - the press - and then take what else is along in the kit. But reloaders of lead bullets might want the Lyman die sets because of their fine M dies best for cast bullets - or the RCBS cowboy die sets for the same reason. Some rifle shooters may prefer the Lee Collet Neck Size dies because of their low run out. Some might want an upgraded powder measure such as the Reddings BRs instead what is in the kit. Or grab the Hornady electronic scale automatic powder dispenser. And when it comes to case trimmers, there are many alternatives there. But the quick and easy to get going would be the kits, of course... Good reloadin' to ya, FC Steve
FortuneCookie45LC Thank You Sir
I've always considered military brass to be of the highest quality.Do you have Cartridges Of The World?
don stromberg-No, don't have that in my reference library…heard of it though, but I've never really considered myself as a cartridge collector (although I do some of that when an interesting cartridge comes along), enough to get that book. Sounds interesting though - might just take you up on that one…Have a great day...
St. Louis as in St. Louis, MO? I didn't know they made military ammunition.
redneckmini14 - apparently, there was an arsenal there at some time…But there could be an error there… Thanks for mentioning this...
WW2
Do you recommend a special die to remove the military primer or will a full length resizing die like the Lee work to deprime military brass? Thanks in advance!
Resizing die will do just fine.
I recommend depriming first if you intend to clean your brass prior to resizing. It allows for cleaner primer pockets.
Top brass fully processed won’t fit hornaday gauge
Great video!
Christopher Webb - And thanks to you for taking the time to post comment...Great day to ya!! FC
Just a F.Y.I. The circle with the cross-hair in the center marking on the base of many military ammo brass means the ammo is made to NATO specs.
I could never get the primers out of military brass .they don't push out with the lee tools I have.?
wayne daley - I'm assuming that you are not dealing with Berdan primed military brass - you will break decapping pins trying to deprime those (no flash holes). Otherwise, any of our depriming systems will defeat crimped primers with a bit of extra effort...I have had RCBS pins break though on the older die sets...Best Regards
Like your vids 🤙
320emerica - Thanks to you, and a very fine 2020..!! Steve
Is there a process whereby hand loaders could crimp the bullets and primer pockets on their hand loads for use in ARs?
RKBA - That's an interesting question - Yes, we can crimp our bullets using the Lee Factory Crimp Dies - works well. However, there is no current reloading tool that reloaders can use to create primer pocket crimps. We really don't need to do that as the military crimps primers in to prevent jams in mass fire full auto weapons. Best of the new year to ya, FC
FortuneCookie45LC Thanks a billion for the response, FC. Happy New Year to you and yours too! #NationwideConstitutionalCarry
doesn't reaming them after help the new primer get seated? seen ppl with progressive presses have trouble without a little chamfer
JB - once the crimps are removed, the brass behaves like any other brass. If the primer pockets are also uniformed, then the new primers go in very nice and consistently. Case prep is the big chore in our reloading, but well worth the efforts... Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays to ya..!! FC
Can you use an inside deburring tip to remove the crimp if you don’t have the pocket reamer tip?
Overwatch - Yes you can. That's the way it was done back in the postwar years before all the reamers became available. Best to ya, FC Steve
Very hard to tell 7mm08 and 308 apart from afar.
good for 100 years! I won't worry about that! : )
I like that RCBS machine! Very Interesting!
gman77gas - If you shoot a lot of rifle (and I did when I was competing in High Power - no so much now esp since I am out of rifle powders until just recently), the green Case Prep Center is VERY handy - durable also…plus RCBS gives you a nice rebate. I see your point on the 100 years!! lol Best Regards
I built my own motorized brass prep machine. A variable speed industrial motor. Set on a heavy plate isolated on rubber feet. Quick and easy. Can do 45 cases a minute.
@@michaeledlin9995 Your brass prep machine would make a nice UA-cam Video. Have you ever posted photos on a forum?
@@crlist1453 sold all of it.
@@michaeledlin9995 what did you use as a reamer?
I swear, when I hear you talking all I can see in my mind is Howard Stern
I have some 223 marked 75
Another way to tell military brass is the NATO symbol along with mfg. and date stamps. The circle with a cross is the NATO symbol.
Any concentricity issues with military brass in your experience?
varanidguy - Let's put it this way...when I was shooting High Power rifle competition, I bought a couple thousand 223 military brass because it was cheap...then sorted out all the same headstamps, then sorted by weight. By the time I did that, I had several piles of brass, but not that many of each one. So I then proceeded to prep those cases - I still have that brass today all stored sorted in used tennis ball cans. Problem was that I didn't have enough of any one pile to really use (we wear out some brass just doing load development - then were do you get more of such headstamp and same weight?) So forget that - I just ordered a thousand Winchester 223 new brass same lot and I was set...for load devlopment, practice and actual competition - used the 69 gr SMKs in my Colt Sporter H-Bar Comp model. Military brass is good brass, but only if you get a lot of the same lot...and military match brass is even better. Military brass case neck thickness varied by .001". I never turned any of my Winchester necks...Best to ya, FC
Cheers ..
I like FC standing for Fortune Cookie. Sure would like more info on sealants, and really miss FC. Thumbs down to Yt.
@John Beige I have the expensive MARKON. Can you tell me where FIXING
(p0art 2} where Fixing can be purchased. Thanks!!!!
I have always got good results with fortune cookie brass.
What would den 42 be ?
Denver Ordinance Plant. 1942 produced 30-06.
Military Brass is good, but the hand-loader must fully understand it.
Great to know. I just bought a Rock River Arms Lar -15 from Fostech, and a 1000 rounds of green tip 5.56 from Bud's Gun Shop. It's going to be a lot of fun, when the rifle arrives at my local gun shop this week. Maintence of the AR as I am learning on youtube is a little more work for a guy who is used to AK platforms.
Vengenace Early - Great to hear from Vengenace Early - Yep, that AR platform with the direct gas impingement system results in fouling and heat in the action - so, as you say, maintenance by Vengenace will be a prominence. :) Best Regards...
It's great to be back. Thanks FC45LC ! I think I will be in and out of shooting for a few months, as I am trying to settle my Mom's estate and sell her house. And now I will have to spend time cleaning my New AR . :) But I will be here as often as possible.
Vengenace Early Yes, no doubt, settling estates is part of the Circle of Life…and something we have to do in the natural order of things…Best to ya...
Yes. Differences between AR and AK maintenance summed up:
An AR should be cleaned after dropping it in muddy water.
It is perfectly acceptable to clean an AK WITH muddy water. =)
JunkfoodZombie Thanks JFZ, I kinda like that one…I recall an article in a gun magazine on the AK that I would never forget - It showed an AK that had been shot through the receiver by a 7.62 round from an M60. The AK still fired full auto…amazing!! Wish I saved that issue… Best to ya...
Yes you can tell military brass, but you can't tell it much.
l've been shooting Federal and American eagle boxed and most of the brass looks old and dirty fresh out of the box, it mostly fired ok but l've had several case failures, some full length splits
Brandon Maloney - That sound quite disturbing…not commonly reported and unsafe events - you should immediately cease usage of that ammo and send an e-mail to Federal with pictures. If other brands split in your gun, you need to have the chamber headspace and dimensions checked and have the caliber verified. If not, the ammo in conversation is bad. Best to ya…hope the problem is cleared up soon...
5.56 stainless steel match grade barrel vs 8.99$ for 20 rnd factory reloads, l've run regular factory ammo with great results
Brandon Maloney AHA - commercial reloads. One of our shooters picked up 400 rounds of commercial reloads in the valley (big business at that time - no 223 anywhere). And the ammo was all overloaded, with gas blowing out around the primers. He took it all back to the store, and they gave him credit for it…Some of the factory reloads at that time were really problematic. This may have nothing to do with your situation, but sounds similar… Best to ya...
sounds about the same, l think it's just over used brass, l spent enough on the rifle to go ahead and spend a little extra on rounds l can trust
Zero eight...etc...not "o"...
Sorry the cyclic rate of the minigun is just over half your stated 6000 rpm... in this age lets do our homework before looking like a California legislator.
William Kennison - No, I'm sorry for the error - I was quoting the cyclic rate of the M61A Vulcan 20mm rotating cannon that can be upwards to 6600 rounds per minute. I just assumed the Minigun was similar except for 7.62 caliber (Next time I assume, I need to put in the caveat, I should have learned by now - you UA-camrs don't miss a thing). That's the beauty of UA-cam - It let's us, thru videos and then the comment sections afterwards, join in and grow in knowledge in like minds together (great job with your comment)…that's where we all differ from California legislators - they just say anything that will GET them more votes than they MIGHT lose. Caps are there for the fine meanings not to be missed - I'd laugh, but I'm not laughing. Best Regards to you, though :)
FortuneCookie45LC that's why they have erasers on pencils... or is that showing just how low tech I am?
Thanks, good info.