संवाद # 170: Shocking truth about Taj Mahal, 'Great' Akbar, Babur & Mughals | Aabhas Maldahiyar
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- Опубліковано 4 лип 2024
- Aabhas Maldahiyar, an Architect and Urban-Designer, amalgamates an intense love for History with captivating storytelling. Initially embracing Marxism in architecture school, a visit to Ajanta’s caves ignited a profound transformation. Shifting from Marxist literature to crafting fiction inspired by the Red Ideology, he delved deeper into the realms of History and Politics.
Babur: The Chessboard King stands as the inaugural volume in his forthcoming series on ‘Timurid Gurkaniyan’ (erroneously known as Mughals), founded on primary sources. A skilled reader of Persian manuscripts, Aabhas offers a distinctive lens to historical narratives.Order your copy here: www.amazon.in/Babur-Chessboar...
0:00 Intro
0:28 Reality of India’s GDP under Mughals
7:28 Why Babar hated Mughals
10:40 Khalifa & Nepotism
13:31 Timurid Vs Mongols genocides
16:03 British founded Mughal Empire!
18:45 Truth about Akbar’s religious tolerance
21:35 Akbar’s hatred of Hindus
25:31 Akbar used to send lakhs of Rs to Mecca
28:55 Shah Jahan killed 75 lakh Indians & built Taj
36:50 Babur was inspired by fanatic Timur
41:37 Babur’s skull towers inspired by Timur
45:33 Babur saw himself as Persian not Turk
47:05 Why Babur is ‘ChessBoard King’
48:53 Why Babur wanted to come to India
49:39 Rana Sangha invited Babur to invade India?
54:00 Babur was a great strategist
59:31 Babur Ki Naani
1:01:07 Babur’s biggest enemy in India
1:02:35 Why Mughals taxation system was so harsh
1:06:20 Mughals Vs Vijaynagar Vs Marathas taxations system
1:10:40 Babar’s love for Babri
1:14:52 Positive side of Babar
In this episode, Aabhas Maldahiyar reveals the shocking truth behind Taj Mahal construction, Akbar’s religious tolerance, Babur’s hatred for the ‘Mughal’ name, the so-called Mughal dynasty’s tax terrorism & more.
What was the most shocking bit from this conversation? Aapne kya naya seekha? Do tell in comments.
Bhaiya I love your podcast specially history ones, but ek bhi video don’t cover history between The Rajput Period (647A.D- 1200 A.D.) who protested Muslim conquests in the Indian for more than 600 years.. why we don’t know their history??
Bhaiya I love your podcast specially history ones, but ek bhi video don’t cover history between The Rajput Period (647A.D- 1200 A.D.) who protested Muslim conquests in the Indian for more than 600 years.. why we don’t know their history??
Sir ,pls aap apne guest se boliye ki hm hindi readers ke liyebhi hindi me book likhe .....mujhe snakes in ganga padani h,baber bhi padhni h pr kaise padhu in dono writers ne English me likhi h or mujhe isme problem h
Babur ko kuch jada tamizh nahin mil gyi .. "unohneh", "karteh teh", "vahan gye theh" ojectivity toh teek hai par yeh sab bakloli kya hai
I request you to change the chair, your seating posture is not look good, uncomfortable
Hindus going to Ajmer dargah, Taj Mahal etc is like Chicken going to KFC franchises 😂
Taj mahal today is national property
Even though it’s a national property but its history can’t be refuted.
True. Some Foolish hindu
@@102679nc चू
@@user-vy8nz4kt8b shouldn't be isn't
Now imagine Saif Ali Khan naming his son as Taimur . 🤬
He even brainwashed and used a Hindu women to produce that offspring to prove that filthy Islamic legacy...
Mindset... Our school and colleges will take pride in claiming that he is Saif Ali Khan / Pataudi son..
Absolutely 💯💯💯
@@shankarswamidayal5070And not even knowing the fact that an Afghan Mercenary after getting land from Nizam and proclaiming himself as Nawab , starting the lineage....
Terrible intentions really. I don’t understand who do they think they are 🙄
Beer biceps should learn from this that how to take interviews..
Unlike Beer Biceps, this guy prepares his questions himself.
Pehle woh interview accha leta tha abhi woh sunta kaam khud gyaan jharta hai
😂
Leave this aside, do you believe in ghosts & black magic 😅
i agree.
but how did he get tht award ??
n how does he get some really interestg people ?? he got jaishankar !!!
Bhai Kahan Kahan se ye shandaar guests ko dhundh k late ho..... Bahut bahut dhanyawad aap dono ka. 🙏
Abhaas’s book on Akbar will be an eye opener for everyone . Vaad , Please make an excerpt of Akbar’s section for all of us to share .
Buy the book and help him to write another history book
Nailed it. Babur kept fighting his whole life and never ruled as he never learned that. And, when one doesn't know how to rule, one resort to the book club that provides justification for the dictatorship and genocides.
And they (left) say Taj Mahal is symbol of love 😂
It never was. All it ever stood for is a symbol of power. The power to commit genocide and not be remembered as a maniac. Shah Jahan had a darker legacy than Aurangzeb.
Replica of love kisne bol diya symbol bolte h
It was a symbol of lust no love tabhi toh bache paida karta karte khud puncher hogai thi
Lust symbol
Aabhas is a lovely speaker , very calm and clear in his narration.
I have heard this man in 3 pods but the pretentious questions were too weird to hear. And the reason for loving vaad and arihant is how he makes every interview smooth and free flowing with questions that the interviewer likes and is entertaining. As always vaad delivers a banger
🙏
Arihant doesn't present himself as " I know it all' like most " Gyani UA-camrs " present themselves as.
Commented for Algorithm and shared with friends and family members.🧐👌👌👍
Shocking how " history " has been manipulated in every timeline just to put down the glorious itihas of Bharat and justify their atrocities
Feel Bharat suffered countless persecutions and salute to people like yourself who r now setting the record straight/ bringing forth the truth as it is🙏
Generations will remember you sir for such great writings and revelations 🕉
I have a request from Abhaas ji . Being an architect , can you please write an extensive book on the reality of so called Mughal architecture , how it was inspired by Rajput architecture etc
Cause when I visited Toledo and Seville In Spain recently , everyone was ga ga about the Moorish architecture , like Alamahara etc which according to me resembled our so called Mughal architecture in India . Could you please throw some light on this link please ?
Arihant you are too good man ,the way you ask questions is mind-blowing 😊😊😊😊😊
🙏
Irfan Habib तो वामपंथी इतिहासकार हैं
Romila thapar
इरफान हबीब वामपंथी नही बल्कि अलतकैइय्या करने वाला शिक्षा (इतिहास से) जेहाद करने वाला है और रोमिला जरूर वामपंथन है
अगर हिंदू एक हो कर लड़ते तो इन बदतमिजों को औकात दिखा सकते थे।😢
कई बार जीते हैं हिंदू। भारत के छोटे छोटे भाग जीतने में तुरूषकों को सदियां लग जाती थीं। भारत पर पहले मुस्लिम आक्रमण और भारतीय भूमि पर पहला मुस्लिम कब्जा के बीच सदियां बीत गयी थीं।
Can’t wait for next one. Most informative so far. Thank you 🙏
Bharat ko aise hi aankh kholne wale podcast ki jarurat hai thanks
आपकी बेबसी वाली हंसी, अपने असली इतिहास को जानने के बाद इसके दर्द को और बड़ा कर देती है।
It's funny to hear that Rana Sangram Singh written Babur to come India and defeat Ibrahim Lodi when he had defeated him at least 4-5 times.
Rajasthani sources said that Babur wrote letter to Rana for help against Lodhi and Rana agreed to help but Samant of mewar urged Rana to not help Babur quoting “he is a mlechha snake he will bite back us one day”
Thats why Rana did not help him in panipat
if Rana had defeated Ibrahim Lodhi why wasn't he sitting on Delhi throne? wasn't Rana continuously in conflict with his neighbouring hindu kings
@@mohamedpasha2776Battle of Khatoli ka naam suna he beta ?? Lodi ki Gand Mari thi Rana Sanga ne,par release kr diya tha kyonki usko payment mil gayi thi release ki.
@@mohamedpasha2776Go learn about the Battle of Khatoli
Excellent discussion! Thanks for making it!
This is very disappointing that we are reading a highly deformed history where the mudererous are presented as great rulers, 75lakh people died just for one monument, if we are not learning from history then it could repeat again
Abhas mahaldiyar podcast was excellent
Your insightful discussions and engaging content make every episode a joy to listen to. The effort and dedication you put into each show are truly appreciated. Keep up the fantastic work!
Very much eye opener and infomation packed interview.👍👍👍
Bhaiya I love your podcast specially history ones, but ek bhi video don’t cover history between The Rajput Period (647A.D- 1200 A.D.) who protested Muslim conquests in the Indian for more than 600 years.. why we don’t know their history??
Please read MAHARANA, book written by DR Omendra Ratnu , there is detailed explanation of that era.
Because it's destroyed. My question was always exactly similar to yours that what happened between 600 to 1100 AD
For 500 years we stopped Huns, Muslims and other invaders.
Then I got to know about frontier force which saved India from Invaders the 3 big warriors were Bappa Rawal(King of Mewar), Lalit Aditya Muktipida(King of Kashmir ), Nagbhatta-1 (King of Malwa) they were the ferocious fighters, they knew no mercy for the invaders and they used to kick their ass*s so badly that they feared these 3 warriors , They were like Mahakaal for the enemies.
So read about them and their families who saved our territory. Till Prithviraj.
Excellent as always. Beautiful explanation
Best discussions on your channel 👌👌👌
I am so so glad Aabhas ji for your work! I am hoping you inspire 10 more historians...like Vikram Sampat! I congratulate Vaad for the meaningful content!
Please keep up!
Jai Shri RAM❤
The 200 cows incident shocked me. Heartbreaking
From all the discourses one inference can be drawn easily especially applicable to hindus, "disunity is equivalent to death and religion plays the most important part in this "
Read PN Oak book - Taj Mahal a temple palace, also
Stephen Knapps and Marvin Mills corroborate that It is indeed a Hindu structure forcefully taken by shahjahan
as per record from Jaipur pothi khaana N other record Shah jahan has taken Taj property and given 2 property to Man Singh ji.
@@AshutoshSharma-hy1bm the King of Jaipur at the time was Jai Singh and he never received anything from sj ...
Islamic invaders only usurped properties never bartered them ....
Thank you to both of you
Interesting podcast! 👍👍👍
Very informative talk. Thanks both.
Excellent discussion
Timur hailed from the Barlas tribe, distinct from Genghis Khan's Borjigin tribe. Originally Mongol, the Barlas had evolved to a more Turkic identity by Timur's era, which explains his dual claim by both Turks and Mongols. Though technically Mongol, culturally, they leaned towards Turkic. This ambiguity led to Timur being regarded as Turko-Mongol, acknowledging both influences. The historical link between the tribes traces back to Bodonchar Munkhag, believed to be their common ancestor in the 9th century. Despite not being part of Genghis Khan's imperial family, the Barlas were esteemed for their loyalty to him. Timur also claimed ancestry to Genghis Khan through Tumanay Khan, making them distant relatives.
While some historians suggest Timur claimed direct descent through Chagatai Khan's lineage, concrete evidence is scarce. Timur's rise to power relied on asserting himself as a protector of Genghis Khan's lineage and marrying Saray Mulk Khanum, a descendant of Genghis Khan, to legitimize his rule, evidenced by his adoption of the title Gurkani, meaning imperial son-in-law in Mongolian.
Taj has been proclaimed as tejo mahalaya or some sort of temple earlier before Taj was built and the deputy CM of Rajasthan gave the statement that they have the docents in their old records. It was given to the Mughals against the land given to the jaipur kings
My late Dad late Prof.P.N.Oakji had first written about Tajmahal in 1960s. Please Google his name & Tajmahal & you will get a lot of information.
I am glad you wrote the book
Best wishes. Will love to read the books
Interesting talk. Bought the bok soon after and looking forward to reading it.
पुस्तक हिन्दी भाषा में है?
Wow , never heard such a depth knowledge of history !!
Dhanyawad sach btane ke liye😊😊😊
LOVED IT
What is the best English translation (trues to the original text) that you or Aabhas would recommend?
Great eye opener! Aabhas🥳
Really shoking & eye opening session. We need more & more people who can reveal the truth before the people.
👏👏👏👏👏
आज का तथाकथित मुस्लिम कल का सताया हुआ बंदा है क्योंकि यह सब भारतभुमि पर हो रहा था...
My mom ever since my childhood told me that Akba cut off the artisans hand after their work in Taj Mahal was over.
आभास जी एवं वाद चैनल को धन्यवाद।
Excellent podcast
Dhanyawad 😊😊😊😊🚩🚩🚩
Great❤❤
My Take on Taj Mahal is that there is a belief the property belongs to Maan singh from whom Shahajan purchased......Earlier Shahjahan tried to build Exact Look a like of Tajmahal.....(which still we can see near Taj Mahal incomplete construction, May be that's the reason Sahajhan order to chop hands of labourers involved in look a like Taj Mahal Construction..)...And Shahajahan almost emptied his entire treasure of moghul empire.....it's a dead investment....
Although I'm really not at all interested in Babar, this was a very absorbing & educational discussion. Keep up the good work!
This gentleman Aabhas is a very underrated histroy writer.I am glad more and more people are coming up with alternative narrative as opposed to whitewashed mughal histroy.His upcoming books on various Timurids will be fun to discover.
Amazing research 👏
शानदार, तथ्यात्मक भ्रम दूर करने वाला ❤
Very insightful
Eye opener for all
We want to learn more.
Sir , request to do one podcast with Major Abhay Sapru (1 PARA SF)
He's having tremendous knowledge,huge respect
There should also a research on the life of Nehru, indira, Rajeev, Sonia, Sanjay and Rahul and their story of the Dynasty and its growth and wealth.
Why you people hesitate to call Taj Mahal tejo mahalaya when we have proof and Mughal jaha se aaye vaha to ek khambha bhi nhi bnaya or yaha aakar Taj Mahal bna Diya . Hamare paiso se jo bna hai hmara hai mughalo ke pitaji ka paisa nhi tha .. P N Oak ki kitab bhi bahut se evidence deti hai ki ye Shiv mandir tha
संवाद को सुनकर अगर हम अपने स्तर पर देश और समाज के लिए क्या, कितना और कैसे कर सकते है?
Pura video bhut accha tha 😊😊😊
Fabulous
Adhbhut 😊
Good talk
Nice video
@Vaad I'm from Karachi, Sindh, How I get this book?
It's on Amazon
Awesome
Sir, amazon kindle and audible electronic version may bhi es kitab ko publish kareya.
गजब की जानकारी।
Mughal, Britisher, UK stole India, holocaust Indian, pillage resources, enslaved Indian, oppressed ect. My memoir Love of Life - A Miraculous Story! rewrite aspect of world history, hence this part also in the story.
Sokhom Prins, author, historian, researcher, chef, influencer,
According to Babur's autobiography, Baburnama, his campaign in northwest India targeted Hindus and Sikhs as well as apostates (non-Sunni sects of Islam), and an immense number were killed, with Muslim camps building "towers of skulls of the infidels" on hillocks.
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
01:55 *📊 India's GDP share during the Mughal era challenges conventional beliefs, indicating a significant economic presence compared to contemporary China.*
02:58 *💰 Per capita GDP growth during the Mughal era suggests fluctuations in economic prosperity, indicating vulnerabilities in living standards.*
04:35 *📖 Lack of comprehensive understanding about Babur's reign highlights gaps in historical knowledge, emphasizing the importance of holistic narratives.*
05:02 *🔍 Understanding historical figures like Tipu Sultan requires a comprehensive study beyond mere removal from textbooks to grasp their true nature and impact.*
05:44 *📚 It is essential to approach the history of empires like the Mughals from various angles, not solely through an economic lens, as done in Marxist approaches.*
06:24 *💡 Babur's autobiography, the Baburnama, offers a personal insight into his motivations and actions, highlighting his perspective and objectives.*
07:04 *👥 Assessing historical figures like Babur requires understanding the moral standards of their time, which may differ from contemporary moral judgments.*
09:18 *🏰 The term "Khan" is not exclusively Islamic but also a cultural or regional title, originating from Mongols and unrelated to Islam.*
10:27 *🤴 To become a Khan or a Khalifa, one needed a specific lineage or nepotism, highlighting the significance of lineage in medieval Islamic leadership.*
11:21 *⚔️ Division between Shia and Sunni Muslims stems partly from disputes over who should be recognized as Khalifa, tracing back to events like the Battle of Karbala.*
12:30 *📜 Historical narratives, when propagated widely, gain credibility and respect, as seen in the case of Timur, whose story spread like divine order, influencing perceptions.*
13:52 *🔄 Genocide didn't consider religion; it was about power. Polytheism wasn't a concern, just restrictions on Muslims like prohibiting halal slaughter.*
14:35 *🛡️ Under Mongol rule, adherence to Mongol culture was required, but religion was flexible. Timur sought Islamization globally, following Prophet Muhammad's instructions.*
15:57 *💼 Babur established an empire, not strictly Mongol, distancing from Mongols' line. His lineage traces to Umar Sheikh, not Timur, showing diverse influences.*
16:38 *🔄 European narrative, emphasizing ethnicity, viewed Babur's empire as Mongol, neglecting diverse influences. Babur, though distancing from his ethnic roots, acknowledged his Mongol heritage.*
17:56 *📚 Chinggis Khan'ssecular and expansionist approach led to a colonial mindset among the Mughals, portraying them as heroes, which British literature glorified.*
19:12 *🔥 Burning of Akbar's remains, following the retrieval of his bones by Jats, symbolized poetic justice, mirroring the Hinduization that he fostered.*
20:05 *📖 Objective biographies, like those on Akbar, provide insights into the darker shades of historical characters, devoid of over-glorification or condemnation.*
22:20 *💰 Akbar rewarded a soldier for expressing a desire to dye his beard with the blood of infidels, showcasing intolerance.*
23:27 *⚔️ Akbar's actions, like ordering the killing of cows near a temple, contradict the image of him as a tolerant ruler.*
23:41 *👑 Akbar enacted laws punishing Muslim women for not wearing veils, contradicting the narrative of his tolerance.*
24:09 *🕌 Akbar ordered the killing of cows near a temple to instigate a conflict, challenging the idea of him being a secular ruler.*
27:02 *🏭 Forced production under British rule, including indigo farming, led to severe exploitation of land and labor.*
28:11 *💰 Extortionate practices and excessive spending characterized the era, as detailed in "Cambridge Economic History of India."*
30:24 *💰 Commissioning the Taj Mahal cost approximately 4.18 crore silver coins during a time of severe famine, highlighting misplaced priorities and excesses of the ruling elite.*
31:20 *💰 Shah Jahan's revenue system was based on fertile land, collecting revenue proportional to its fertility, such as in Malwa.*
33:02 *⚔️ Crop destruction and lack of rain led to a famine, resulting in approximately 75 million deaths, while Shah Jahan spent 4.18 crore silver rupees on Mumtaz Mahal's tomb.*
35:23 *📸 The story of chopping hands, often associated with the Taj Mahal's construction, possibly gained fame to deter disobedience, revealing a deeper historical narrative.*
35:49 *🏰 Taj Mahal's symbolism questioned as a symbol of brutality rather than love due to the suffering involved in its construction.*
36:14 *💰 Babur's economic extraction policies possibly reflect Timur's influence, aligning with his mindset and conquest strategies.*
37:20 *📜 Babur's upbringing involved stories of Timur and Chengiz Khan, shaping his aspirations and identity.*
38:33 *🕌 Babur's goals included Islamicizing the world and establishing his empire in Hindustan, reflecting earlier narratives like Ghazwa-e-Hind.*
39:40 *🗡️ Babur's self-identification as the third "Ghaznavi" ruler, akin to Mahmud of Ghazni, showcasing his ambition for conquest and power.*
40:46 *🕌 Babur applied tactics similar to Timur, constructing towers with heads of surrendered enemies.*
41:51 *🏰 Babur's tower construction in Kabul symbolized his conquests, with each tower representing those who surrendered.*
42:41 *⚔️ Babur's encounters with Afghans led to slaughters, despite their warrior reputation.*
43:54 *🕊️ Babur's first encounter with Hindus marked a clear distinction between his objectives in India and elsewhere.*
44:58 *🌍 Babur's actions had significant cultural and social impacts in both Afghanistan and India.*
45:46 *📜 Baburnama reveals his inclination towards Persian culture in language and identity, distancing from Turkish influence.*
48:10 *🏰 Babur's conquests in India were driven by multiple factors including fulfilling Timur's ambitions, evading opposition, and establishing an empire in the Indian subcontinent.*
49:32 *💡 Babur's decision to invade India was influenced by strategic goals, such as establishing an empire and leveraging the wealth of the region.*
49:58 *🔍 Aabhas Maldahiyar questions the authenticity of Rana Sanga's letter, suggesting it may have been a strategic move rather than genuine assurance.*
50:25 *📜 Baburnama indicates that Babur did not value Rana Sanga's letter much, which challenges the narrative of its significance.*
51:47 *🛡️ Babur's power wasn't sufficient to necessitate Rana Sanga's support, challenging perceptions of his greatness.*
52:43 *💡 Aabhas discusses Babur's preparation and strategic planning for his incursion into India, shedding light on his military tactics and challenges faced.*
54:15 *📉 Babur faced initial failures but improved step by step, learning from his defeats, despite his early wrong decisions due to his young age.*
54:30 *💡 Babur, initially a great strategist, made mistakes early due to his young age when his father died at 11, forcing him to flee, facing challenges in establishing his capital, Farghana.*
56:45 *🔁 Babur's adaptive strategies included improvisations in logistics, such as managing food supplies, dealing with winters, and navigating through snowy regions like Samarkand.*
58:28 *💂 Preparing themselves with time, Ibrahim Lodhi's forces were strong but defeating Lodhi wasn't easy; it required extensive preparation in artillery, food management, and horse handling.*
59:34 *🤔 Babur's grandmother played a significant role in his life, providing him with support, imparting lessons, and sharing war strategies, which Babur found invaluable.*
01:02:38 *🏛️ Babur's uncles during his rule, particularly Mahmud Mirza and Ahmad Mirza, enforced heavy taxation policies causing distress among people.*
01:03:59 *📉 Economic drain during the Mughal era resulted in negative per capita GDP growth, indicating increasing poverty among Indians.*
01:04:44 *🕌 Jahangir halted construction of temples through decrees, reflecting a trend of religious intolerance and imposition of authority.*
01:05:39 *🛡️ Taxation policies across medieval India, including those of the Mughals, were characterized by plunder, loot, and religious intolerance, challenging the perception of secular governance.*
01:07:00 *📊 Hindu taxation system during the Vijayanagara Empire was comparable to a tax rate, with high indirect extortion during that period.*
01:08:24 *🕌 Shah Jahan's extravagant construction of the Taj Mahal amidst famine contributed to economic decline.*
01:12:18 *🏳️🌈 Babur's bisexuality is hinted at in historical accounts, challenging common perceptions of his character.*
01:12:44 *💔 Babur faced personal tragedies, including the loss of his daughter, which had significant emotional impact on him.*
01:15:00 *✍️ Babur's poetry provides insights into his emotions and experiences, offering a deeper understanding of his character beyond historical accounts.*
Made with HARPA AI
Wonderful wonderful wonderful ❤
We have been reading wrong history books since last 100 years.
Its high time Modi government and NCERT corrects these books and presents us the real history of India. Its already been 10 years now...
Name of the book and it's availablity on Amazon
🚩 *जयश्रीराम*
🇮🇳 *जयश्रीकृष्ण*
🕉️ *हर हर महादेव*
What was commissioned was the black structure opposite the present taj mahal
Mohmmed himself wasa, mad man his, father was, a sanathani purohit who, worshiped devi devtas.
Amazing.
Chairs kafi aaramdayak hain.😄
Such truth must come out and must part of Indian hystorybooks.
Uttam :)
Taimur *
Son of saif Ali khan
Seems will face same
Implications
Nice pod
In bharat still people name their children as taimur,babar
❤
Nice podcast as always. Whenyou talk about Akbar's dark side, have you referred to Mrs. Medha Bhaskaran's books.
Nice
I understand Hindi but it wouod help if we have an English subtitle.
Mahiti BADSHAHNAMA VOLUME 1 PAGE NO 403 LAHORI WRITES THE PALACE CAPPED WITH DOME WAS SELECTED FOR THE BURIAL OF THE QUEEN. THAT PALACE OWNER WAS MANSINGS GRANDSON JAYSINGH
Thanks for sharing this info.
Please read P N Oak books sir
आप को शुभकामनाएं लेकिन ज्यादातर लोगों को मोज मस्ती पसंद है तो शायद ही इतना लंबा समय दें सकते हैं और मैं समझता हूं कि हिन्दू लोग आपस में लड रहे थे तो बाद में बारी-बारी अन्य लोग भी शामिल हो गए थे और सत्तारूढ़ हों गया था
👌
10.46, केवल नेपोटिज्म नही, पिरो मुरिदी के जरिए खिलाफत लेकर भी खलीफा बना जा सकता था।