If anyone is confused about 16:09 and why the CH3OH isn't mentioned or why the SN1 or E1 reaction will not take place, he actually explains it in the next example at 19:45.
It is one of the greatest gifts we have in our modern technology era to be able to teach millions (probably closer to billions at this point) a variety of subjects with the level of mastery you possess... and for the most, part free of charge. You are simply the best.
The other 2 hr and 20min is explaining why all this shit happens. This is just a cheat sheet. Useful yes. But if you don’t know what E2 means, it’s useless.
@@PunmasterSTP I got a 76 for the final (which was WAY better than what I was expecting) and I passed the class _with a B!!_ 😊😊😊 not a terribly high one, but I wouldn’t have been able to even have half a shot at passing without his videos!
Wow I can't believe how time flies. I remember watching the organic chemistry tutor for algebra II in highschool and now I'm actually taking organic chemistry and still watching. you are the #1 GOAT channel
i appreciate all your work and effort into these videos. I tend to fall behind a lot in classes, so this is great for me to study with. Very much appreciated. Hope you see this. Keep uploading, your helping people all around the world. ♥️ty.
This is the most helpful video I've ever watched so far. We can't thank you enough man. Our professor took him a month to teach us those and you just taught us those mechanisms in 38 minutes
¡Wow, qué buen video! Estaba súper confundid@ con las reacciones SN1, SN2, E1 y E2, pero lo explicas de una manera tan clara que por fin lo entendí. 🙌🔥 Gracias por tomarte el tiempo de hacerlo, ¡eres un crack! ✌🔬
SN2 SN1 E1 E2? More like "Super great amazing lectures for you!" The chart as well as the entire rest of the video was solid gold, and judging by the comments, you've already helped countless people, myself included.
One of your best video's imo. Not the easiest subject, but you explain it so clearly! I'm half way of the first year of my bachelor, and for literally every subject I've had so far your video's came in handy. Thank you so much!
I Just spent the whole day to find the perfect lecture to distinguish between the SN1, SN2, E1, E2 and here i am at the end of the day. This lecture literally cleared all my doubts in just 40 minutes. Thank you so much.
@@buqbooQ I wasn’t actually in a class, I just tutor some people in various subjects and come on educational channels to brush up on stuff. But I do remember my ochem tests back in college and they were fairly tough.
Primary halide, it undergoes SN2. If use bulky base, the reaction goes in E2 mechanism. Incase of strong base it will proceed as an SN2 and if primary substrate is sterically hindered it undergoes E2 reactions.
like I could not understand my professor said at all, but now I am getting all the answers after watching a couple of his videos. Now I am thinking... there are three options. 1. I am dumb, but this dude is amazing in teaching concepts. 2. I am not dumb and this dude is amazing. 3. I am not dumb and my prof sucks and this dude is great. I think it's three. Hopefully lol
Secondary alkyl halide, if we use aprotic solvent like DMF, DMSO, I, CN it favors SN2 mechanism. If we use protic solvent Including water, methanol, it will favour SN1 and E1 mechanism. Sterically hindered Secondary alkyl halide with strong base and bulky group give E2 mechanism over SN2.
24:35 in the presence of acetate anion as weak base (not very sterically hindered) and acetic acid as protic solvent with not sterically hindered secondary carbocation after leaving group departs, should be SN1 reaction I think
Fair point- I think that was just a slip-up on his part As far as I can tell, he's basically trying to say that the base always takes precedence over the solvent. That said, yes. SN2 only occurs in protic solvents. He should have put a protic solvent there, so just act like there is. Pretty sure he just made a mistake- hope this helps
The substrate is on secondary carbon and has a stronger base in the reaction, so even though the protic solvet is used, the SN2/E2 would occur. If it is a protic solvent but no strong base, then SN1/E1 would then occur. If you look at his table at the beginning of the video he lists the reactions depending on the solvents/bases used.
Sterically hindered basically means the reaction can't happen coz group is too bulky, in a way it literally body blocks the incoming nucleophile if the compound has multiple branches that's why tertiary C is bad for Sn2
It's like heavy groups surrounding an atom. As you can think of a carbon atom surrounded by 3 methyl groups which doesn't allow other molecules to attack on it. It basically gives repulsions to the attacking molecule.
Can you please clarify on example of the 2-bromo-3-methyl butane with the -OCH3. The solvent listed is protic, so would that not solvate the base/nucleophile and push the reaction toward an SN1/E1 reaction instead of SN2/E2?
Kinda late but for whoever else was wondering, looking at problems like these I believe that even in the presence of protic solvent, as long as you have a strong base it will go E2/SN2. The solvent is a rule to follow, but more of a hint that MAYBE the mechanism will want to go E1/SN1, you have to look at the whole mechanism as a hole and figure out what will really happen. Usually most mechanisms can be dictated by looking at possible carbocations and the strengh/bulkiness of the base/nucleophile Edit: Think of it like this, the NaOCH3 used will ionize into Na+ and OCH3-, it will continuously create another OCH3 by taking the H from CH3OH, therefore regardless of having a protic solvent, you’ll always also have strong base/nucleophile present. Now, here’s a tricky part, at the end then which will you get most of SN2 or E2? For this you have to look at the SIZE of the base/nucleophile. Anything smaller than ETHANOL will act as a base = Elimination product Anything larger than ETHANOL will act as a nucleophile = substitution product WITH THE EXCEPTION OF: Acetate ion, Sulfurs, and negative carbons!
In one of your examples reacting 2-bromo-3-methyl butane with sodium methoxide and methanol you don’t do a hydride shift from the 3’ to 2’ carbon. Why not?
At 10:10 you say that the product is a racemic mixture and that the isomers could be wedge or dash, but is it possible for the OCH3 to be in the plane of the molecule--neither wedge nor dash?
Idk if this is too late but no it’s not possible because the stereochemistry of the leaving group it’s taking the place of is not in the plane itself. Depending on where the OCH3 comes from depends on which isomer form it becomes!
In minute like 14:46 shouldn’t that “minor” product be the major one since the bad and carbocation are very sterically hindered or am I confusing something
Hello, i have an exam in two days, but I dont understand why in minute 34:50, it is an SN2 reaction. Because the solvent (CH3OH) is not appropriate since is polar protic. Why is SN2??
18:50 But you said that 2 degree substrates with protic solvents show SN1&2 and E1 reactions Then why does this show E2 reaction and doesn't even show E1?
Can someone explain why he was able to use another water molecule to remove a hydrogen atom in the SN1 reaction at 7:59 ... when the reaction only started with one water molecule?? I'm confused
Hi I would like to ask if my substrate is tertiary alkyl halide ( it is 3 hexane connected together and then attach to the carbocation carbon we 2 more methyl which gives u tert) with tert butoxide and THF what will be the mechanism?
You know that normally OH- is basic as it was the case for an acid like NaOH kOH, BaOH CaOH, just with OH- itself they are strong bases. Now if we replace H with an R group( electron donating), it will cause increase in charge over the oxygen which makes it more electron dense than OH- and hence a stronger base (think of it as a lewis base) than OH-, and OH- itself is a strong base (pOH~ 12-13)
Organic Chemistry PDF Worksheets: www.video-tutor.net/orgo-chem.html
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i miss when this was just nomenclature
this shit makes me miss gen chem 2, which I was good at only when there was math involved anyway
If anyone is confused about 16:09 and why the CH3OH isn't mentioned or why the SN1 or E1 reaction will not take place, he actually explains it in the next example at 19:45.
It is one of the greatest gifts we have in our modern technology era to be able to teach millions (probably closer to billions at this point) a variety of subjects with the level of mastery you possess... and for the most, part free of charge. You are simply the best.
It’s actually kind of sad that this guy can teach me in 40 minutes what takes my profs 3 hours… love the conciseness
Some people are natural teachers and most professors aren’t
paying someone who’s not even doing there job. it’s disappointing but that’s how life is now :(
Indeed he is good teacher. But you can learn from it because you have some basic knowledge about it.
The other 2 hr and 20min is explaining why all this shit happens. This is just a cheat sheet. Useful yes. But if you don’t know what E2 means, it’s useless.
@@Grak70 except in those two hours and 20 mins he ain't explaining shit. Just rambling on expecting it to click in our brains.
I have an orgo chem test in 2 days, and I work a full 8hr shift in between, this is an INVALUABLE review session!!!
How'd your test go?
@@PunmasterSTP I got a 76 for the final (which was WAY better than what I was expecting) and I passed the class _with a B!!_ 😊😊😊 not a terribly high one, but I wouldn’t have been able to even have half a shot at passing without his videos!
@@norainnoflowers1551 I'm glad to hear that!
And I'm glad to read these comments 😃
Wow I can't believe how time flies. I remember watching the organic chemistry tutor for algebra II in highschool and now I'm actually taking organic chemistry and still watching. you are the #1 GOAT channel
felt
i appreciate all your work and effort into these videos. I tend to fall behind a lot in classes, so this is great for me to study with. Very much appreciated. Hope you see this. Keep uploading, your helping people all around the world. ♥️ty.
This is the most helpful video I've ever watched so far. We can't thank you enough man. Our professor took him a month to teach us those and you just taught us those mechanisms in 38 minutes
¡Wow, qué buen video! Estaba súper confundid@ con las reacciones SN1, SN2, E1 y E2, pero lo explicas de una manera tan clara que por fin lo entendí. 🙌🔥 Gracias por tomarte el tiempo de hacerlo, ¡eres un crack! ✌🔬
SN2 SN1 E1 E2? More like "Super great amazing lectures for you!" The chart as well as the entire rest of the video was solid gold, and judging by the comments, you've already helped countless people, myself included.
Ya I'm convinced I owe you all of my tuition. You taught me more in this 38 minute video than my prof did in 1.5 months
One of your best video's imo. Not the easiest subject, but you explain it so clearly! I'm half way of the first year of my bachelor, and for literally every subject I've had so far your video's came in handy. Thank you so much!
Me who's not even taking organic chemistry:
I like your funny words, magic man.
Me, except I am taking organic chemistry… for the second time.
I Just spent the whole day to find the perfect lecture to distinguish between the SN1, SN2, E1, E2 and here i am at the end of the day. This lecture literally cleared all my doubts in just 40 minutes. Thank you so much.
Thank you i have an exam today so this couldn't have come at a better time! God bless you.
I know it's been a year, but how'd your exam go?
@@PunmasterSTP i know it's been 8 months, but how'd your exam go?
@@buqbooQ I wasn’t actually in a class, I just tutor some people in various subjects and come on educational channels to brush up on stuff. But I do remember my ochem tests back in college and they were fairly tough.
let me not lie to you man, its day before my exam and you have literally carried me through organic chemistry fr
I have always benefited from your explanations in high school and even when I became in university!
Still the best SN1, SN2, E1, E2 video on the internet. Too bad there are also way too many ads in between.
ad block dude what year are you in
@@Dan-mz3we Don't know what country you are in, but here it has been disactivated.
@@PoppiD93 US. Nothing gets blocked here. Sorry to hear that man
i understood this less and less as the video went on
Thank you so much for this. I needed some refresher courses for a standardized test I may decide to sit for.
Hey I was just curious. Did you decide to take that standardized test?
don't stop . you have made more video in organic chemistry... it is so useful for fundamendal learners.
😆😆😄😄😄😄
Why are you so much better than my chem prof
literally the ONLY video that made me understand. Thank you!!
I passed my midterm because of this video, Thank you sir!
Primary halide, it undergoes SN2. If use bulky base, the reaction goes in E2 mechanism. Incase of strong base it will proceed as an SN2 and if primary substrate is sterically hindered it undergoes E2 reactions.
I have a test on this Monday! GOD BLESS AHAHA
LOL same girl Ohio State?
@@saniahussain6074 Go bucks! Good luck
like I could not understand my professor said at all, but now I am getting all the answers after watching a couple of his videos. Now I am thinking... there are three options. 1. I am dumb, but this dude is amazing in teaching concepts. 2. I am not dumb and this dude is amazing. 3. I am not dumb and my prof sucks and this dude is great. I think it's three. Hopefully lol
This was amazingly well done! I could follow along easy when I've been struggling to find material to learn these reactions with.
😭😭you've just saved my soul.....thank you soo much
On jah bruh you ain't mess around with these videos b
Thank you teacher from ethiopia 🇪🇹🇪🇹🇪🇹
This video is very useful to me , thanks a lot.
shoot this is what i need to understand but do not know what is going on
WHAT A BEAUTY THIS IS !!!!!
Best video ever on This mechanism
The best video I have seen on this topic
this guy has saved every engineer's life
and pharmacists'
Absolutely
And entomologists'
I was just about to try and make a chart like this as a reference to look back to while watching his other videos!
Just in time for my exam next week!
just in time for my exam tomorrow!
Good luck!!!
@@-snazzysnek-5570 Hey how'd your exam go?
@@justingenco7413 How'd the exam turn out?
@@PunmasterSTP I don’t remember lol but I’d like to think this helped for sure! In biochem this semester
Education attaches all continent 😊
Father, thank you.
Wow I just learn this few days ago but I still don't understand who knows u suddenly upload bout this tutorial video.. NICE😂😂
damn usually your videos really help me but this one confused me even more lol
this is for free is a blessing
Tertiary alkyl halide favour SN1 mechanism and E1 reactions. Using strong base with tertiary alkyl halide favors E2 reactions.
why pay for tuition when I have you. life saver
Secondary alkyl halide, if we use aprotic solvent like DMF, DMSO, I, CN it favors SN2 mechanism. If we use protic solvent Including water, methanol, it will favour SN1 and E1 mechanism. Sterically hindered Secondary alkyl halide with strong base and bulky group give E2 mechanism over SN2.
Thank you for the videos. You save lives Man. Thx
24:35 in the presence of acetate anion as weak base (not very sterically hindered) and acetic acid as protic solvent with not sterically hindered secondary carbocation after leaving group departs, should be SN1 reaction I think
I have to give my ACS exam today for organic chemistry 1 wish me luck!
WOW, zoom students everywhere thank you
summarization coming in clutch
Thank you I've been waiting for this lesson
16:54 for this example, Sn2 would not occur because methanol is a protic solvent, and Sn2 can only perform in aprotic solvents
Yeah that part confused me it’s in a protic solvent….
Fair point- I think that was just a slip-up on his part
As far as I can tell, he's basically trying to say that the base always takes precedence over the solvent. That said, yes. SN2 only occurs in protic solvents. He should have put a protic solvent there, so just act like there is. Pretty sure he just made a mistake- hope this helps
@@saadinhalf SN2 occurs in aprotic solvents not protic solvents.
The substrate is on secondary carbon and has a stronger base in the reaction, so even though the protic solvet is used, the SN2/E2 would occur. If it is a protic solvent but no strong base, then SN1/E1 would then occur. If you look at his table at the beginning of the video he lists the reactions depending on the solvents/bases used.
he also did this for the following problem with the sterically hindered base. usually hes good but this is kinda throwing me off
Thank you for your explanation on this subject. It is very helpful
In case of methyl bromide, the reaction will proceed using SN2 mechanism. It doesn't matter what type of solvent is used.
Bruh I needed this a week ago
im a huge fan ...any fun livestreams :') ?
Right on time, thank u so much
Just what I needed! thank you
YOU NEVER MISS
Why he didn’t give the protic and aprotic solvents a value role in his answers ??
ur the goat fr, thank you!!!
Very helpful 🥺❣️ love it
What a baller. Respect 🙏
i should have just started with this video instead of sitting through 2.5 hours of sub/elim lecture
How is this an introduction? I need to know....
thanks dad
Clutch as always!
Thanks!
Any Jee aspirants here😂 Goshhh these lectures are gemm
Bro NTA will kill us
@@physicsunplugged89 you guys arent allowed to talk about it?
Could someone explain what sterically hindered means
Sterically hindered basically means the reaction can't happen coz group is too bulky, in a way it literally body blocks the incoming nucleophile if the compound has multiple branches that's why tertiary C is bad for Sn2
It's like heavy groups surrounding an atom. As you can think of a carbon atom surrounded by 3 methyl groups which doesn't allow other molecules to attack on it. It basically gives repulsions to the attacking molecule.
Thank you!!!!!! 🤩
Can you please clarify on example of the 2-bromo-3-methyl butane with the -OCH3. The solvent listed is protic, so would that not solvate the base/nucleophile and push the reaction toward an SN1/E1 reaction instead of SN2/E2?
-OCH3 is a strong base, so you would not be able to form C+
Kinda late but for whoever else was wondering, looking at problems like these I believe that even in the presence of protic solvent, as long as you have a strong base it will go E2/SN2. The solvent is a rule to follow, but more of a hint that MAYBE the mechanism will want to go E1/SN1, you have to look at the whole mechanism as a hole and figure out what will really happen. Usually most mechanisms can be dictated by looking at possible carbocations and the strengh/bulkiness of the base/nucleophile
Edit: Think of it like this, the NaOCH3 used will ionize into Na+ and OCH3-, it will continuously create another OCH3 by taking the H from CH3OH, therefore regardless of having a protic solvent, you’ll always also have strong base/nucleophile present. Now, here’s a tricky part, at the end then which will you get most of SN2 or E2? For this you have to look at the SIZE of the base/nucleophile.
Anything smaller than ETHANOL will act as a base = Elimination product
Anything larger than ETHANOL will act as a nucleophile = substitution product
WITH THE EXCEPTION OF: Acetate ion, Sulfurs, and negative carbons!
@@georgieacero7043 Hi, thanks for the explanation, may I please ask what you mean by "smaller" or "larger" than ethanol? Atomic mass?
@@兔子和花椰菜 it’s a pleasure! And I simply mean the size when drawn on paper, it’s a simple trick that works
Great Sir
At 16:21, why is it SN2 when there is a polar protic solvent ( methanol) and not SN1
Thank you so much
watching this 12 minutes before my final 👍
Man I love you
So for NaOCH3/MeOH example, E2 takes preference over SN2 right, if yes, why?
It is around 17:05
At 12:37, why would the Hydrogen be removed rather than the methyl group? why would it not form an alcohol?
In one of your examples reacting 2-bromo-3-methyl butane with sodium methoxide and methanol you don’t do a hydride shift from the 3’ to 2’ carbon. Why not?
It’s a concerted reaction; a hydride shift will not occur for the minor Sn2 product
Why do I bother paying for uni when I can just watch the organic chemistry tutor
Good
At 10:10 you say that the product is a racemic mixture and that the isomers could be wedge or dash, but is it possible for the OCH3 to be in the plane of the molecule--neither wedge nor dash?
Idk if this is too late but no it’s not possible because the stereochemistry of the leaving group it’s taking the place of is not in the plane itself. Depending on where the OCH3 comes from depends on which isomer form it becomes!
In minute like 14:46 shouldn’t that “minor” product be the major one since the bad and carbocation are very sterically hindered or am I confusing something
On the first example, why is it only the SN1 reaction that occurs and not the E1 as well?
Hello, i have an exam in two days, but I dont understand why in minute 34:50, it is an SN2 reaction. Because the solvent (CH3OH) is not appropriate since is polar protic. Why is SN2??
Thank you!
18:50
But you said that 2 degree substrates with protic solvents show SN1&2 and E1
reactions
Then why does this show E2 reaction and doesn't even show E1?
28:40 since acetate is a bulky base, why would that not be E2?
Thanks admin
Can someone explain why he was able to use another water molecule to remove a hydrogen atom in the SN1 reaction at 7:59 ... when the reaction only started with one water molecule?? I'm confused
Hi I would like to ask if my substrate is tertiary alkyl halide ( it is 3 hexane connected together and then attach to the carbocation carbon we 2 more methyl which gives u tert) with tert butoxide and THF what will be the mechanism?
i meant 3 cyclohexane
How about allylic, benzylic, vinyl?
thanks
Hello! At 16:45, could the C+ rearrange to a terciary and react throught E1 SN1?
that's what I was thinking, just reached out with this exact question to my prof. and we will see how she responds!!
8:36 why do we add that H next to the carbocation
Since its an elimination reaction, the water attacks a beta hydrogen, not the carbon, so we draw the hydrogen so we can visualize it
How do you know that methoxide is a strong base? Like what makes it a strong base?
It has a pKa of 16, same as OH. So it’s equally basic. Same goes for any -OR, as far as I’ve learned
You know that normally OH- is basic as it was the case for an acid like NaOH kOH, BaOH CaOH, just with OH- itself they are strong bases. Now if we replace H with an R group( electron donating), it will cause increase in charge over the oxygen which makes it more electron dense than OH- and hence a stronger base (think of it as a lewis base) than OH-, and OH- itself is a strong base (pOH~ 12-13)
At least this is a more logical way to think of it. I might not be considering somethings but anyway