Fraser: Mark here, retired teacher, 38 years. Your presentation bridges the gap between complex information and ease of understanding for non-astronomers. Well Done! I suggest you develop some kind of mechanism to reach out to Middle School and High School teachers and invite them to view some of your episodes. I was a Technology (old shop) teacher and I would always begin classes with something interesting in our technological world. If I was still teaching , you would be on my menu!
Hey man I really appreciate your comment even though I'm sure you are not a God-fearing believing individual. I see a mechanism as well and it must be demonstrated. And all your years of teaching did you ever consider any other Theory besides just the one? If everything came together by chance by some sort of chaotic explosion or some sort of freak emergence can we please talk about where all that matter and where all that energy and where everything including all the DNA that is made up in our bodies came from? Like I don't understand how 40 years nearly of teaching and you could not have stuck with the same Theory all your life. I'm sure you have thought of other things and apologies for the capitalizations when they are not necessary that's what the Google likes to do. But I love teaching myself I have been doing it 22 years. And in all my teaching and experience I always make sure that it is related to everyone in the crowd at a fourth or fifth grade level because people need something they can trust and bridge the gap between complex information and ease of understanding. As you stated there's a lot of people here that are not astronomers. However when you just listen to this video I mean just listen it is on and on and on about something that is not evidence it is not a scientific and it is still theoretical. So why is it spoken as if it is a fact. There is no way I am here by chance nor you. There's no way a star exploding created the DNA code structure that resides inside your body and mine. So no I cannot take by faith the story of The Big Bang or Evolution because I don't have any ground to stand on nor any information about it. It's all guess work and I would just rather Trust someone who clearly stated they are outside of the creation outside of time space and matter and they created it. The Father Son and Holy Spirit had to have been involved, no evidence can suggest otherwise. The universe has an obvious design especially when we're looking at consolations well over 100 right above are very noses. The Earth Moon and Sun being the distance they are at the size ratio make complete eclipses like wow how would anyone not see design there that's just ignorant and foolish. And we're rotating around our star at 66,000 mph and you guys are saying no one's in charge? Yeah that's a big problem. Praise God that we have an author that explained everything and there is more science in the Book of Job and in Genesis than can be found at any University Library or in any science book. I love science I am absolutely obsessed with the Stars the creation the Earth biology matter and issues of the heart. We have come so far yet still the majority are stuck in a deluded mindset that all this is by chance. It's really a crying shame.
@@seanmartin2185 Your understanding of biology is nonexistent, which is why DNA confuses you so much. You need to learn more about biology before you start pretending it's relevant to your religion.
@@intellectualiconoclasm3264 thank you I know we are a minority my brother. I can't even begin to tell you the things I want to respond back to these negative comments I get back but I'm going to stay humble! You encouraged me and I appreciate it
Frame dragging is such a wild concept. The idea that if you spin enough mass fast enough, you can warp spacetime hard enough to throw off the orbit of a star.
I am curious what a retrograde orbit around a spinning black hole would do to the orbiting body. When I play it out in my mind, I always see the same thing: think it would start spinning faster and faster due to shearing tidal forces and fly apart well before the tidal forces start spaghettifying it.
Work something out for me please. If you spin enough mass fast enough the frame dragging gradient (change in rate of time passage versus distance from the event horizon) gets great enough that one side of a neutron is no longer at the same moment in time as the other side of the neutron and the neutron must decay. Gluon force can no longer hold a particle together if parts of the particle are not at the same moment in time. Please calculate the mass and spin required to frame drag a neutron apart. This puts an upper limit on the mass of a black hole at a given angular momentum because a neutron must decay into charged particles which will be forced away from the event horizon by magnetic fields and, most of the mass of the neutrons that were falling toward the event horizon will instead end up in a polar jet geyser leaving the black hole at near the speed of light.
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Assume a dormant spinning black hole with no accretion disk to tear the orbiting body apart so the body can get close enough to the event horizon for significant frame dragging effects. The black hole has to be large enough so that the frame dragging gradient is significant across the diameter of the body. For a body the size of the Earth the black hole would need to be huge (trillions to hundreds of trillion solar mass) spinning very fast. The gravitational gradient would be low enough near such a huge black hole that it would not tear the Earth apart with tidal forces even at the event horizon. If for example the frame dragging caused the side of Earth nearest the event horizon to lag one hour behind the opposite side of Earth, then the side nearest the event horizon will be one hour behind in its location in Earths orbit relative to the other side of the Earth. We can easily imagine orbital speeds near such a black hole reaching one million miles an hour, so one of the many weird effects of frame dragging in this case is the Earth would be stretched to a million mile length, and this would have nothing to do with tidal spaghettification. Conservation Laws apply to Frame Dragging and Angular Momentum. Since time is stopped at the event horizon for an outside observer, you cannot observe a black hole's spin. You would observe that angular momentum has been converted into frame dragging, i.e. you observe a spinning black hole event horizon frozen in time so you cannot see the spin. Spinning black holes have an ergosphere (a torus shaped event horizon). The volume of the ergosphere increases with black hole angular momentum, i.e. the faster it spins the bigger the black hole. This conservation law means an object in retrograde orbit is subject to more frame dragging effects because it observes a black hole with greater angular momentum than a non-retrograde orbit. A retrograde object observes itself as closer to the event horizon compared to a non-retrograde object in the exact same position (distance from the center).
I still prefer the deep field photos over gas clouds. Something about seeing ALL of the billions of possibilities of life stretching off into the far far distant universe. It just leaves me in absolute awe.
First time watching one of your videos. I can feel the passion and joy that you experience in making these videos. Instant subscriber! Thanks for the awesome video and can't wait to watch more! Cheers
I remember reading a long time ago that metallicity in Type 1A supernova affects the brightness, throwing off the "standard candle" for earlier generations with lower metal content. Has that been accounted for systemically?
Space Bites are great! Totally love them! But in the same time, for me you are the guy, that filled my youtube feed wirh long and never boring vids. I love new content, but please dont forget your old style, that brought us here ❤️
I read that GRBs would hardly happen in galaxys with many planets like this, because of the high amount of metal. And so the idea that previous extinctions where from them, is mainly a guess......for now.
There's some concern about what would if one of Eta Carinae two stars went supernova since we can't actually see them because they're obscured. If one of them have their poles aimed at us it'd be bad news if it went up.
I think there is an error in the faster than light jet bit of news. It's some kind of optical illusion, they are not moving faster than light "relative to us" at all, as that would violate relativity. "The beyond-light-speed illusion arises from the difference in speed between the particles in the jet, and the light particles (or photons) that they emit. Because the jet's particles move nearly as fast as the light they emit, it can appear as though particles in the early part of the jet are arriving at Earth at nearly the same time as photons in the later stages of the jet - making it appear as though the jet is actually moving faster than the speed of light. "
Because of time dilation, the jets travel a shorter distance from their perspective and appear to be moving faster than the speed of light. But it's only because of relativity.
Wow, one of the only videos I've watched at 1x for years. And YEARS. I could listen to you talk all day. Fantastic! What a find, I feel lucky. Thank you for existing, this is GREAT STUFF.
I agree. He's soooo good. Wish some millionaire out there would gift him some money "just because" he's so amazing! Knowledge is power and man he gives me so much power. I'm going to marry him and he just has no idea
Love hearing about Pantheon Plus data base ! I wonder if you could share a little bit about how big data and astronomy overlap, with your knowledge of computer science i think that could be really fascinating 🙌🏼 as always, thank you for such great content
Im an architect who works with data and 3d models and im curious how I can get involved to process some data or create some 3d simulations! Would love to hear some of the tools and processes that the astronomy industry uses. I notice on some of the visuals you show you give credits to Nasa’s Visualization Studio, is there a lot of work being done in this area?
I did an hourlong interview with one of the people who built Pantheon+, so you'll be able to watch that in a couple of days. It was absolutely fascinating.
Dear Fraser, in 16:00f, you got something a bit wrong: > _It's because of time dilation._ No, it's not. Of course, this phenomenon we unhappily call time dilation is there but the apparent superluminal speed is due to a retardation effect, more precisely speaking the shrinking delay effect. If a spaceship were approaching us at constant speed v = β∙c, we know that the distance must have shrunk by a factor 1 − β since (if we considered the spaceship stationary and ourselves moving at v towards it instead, we would rather expect it to actually be closer by a factor 1/(1 + β) due to aberration). We also see it approaching at v / (1 − β).*) This comes alongside with the DOPPLER effect and an optical fast motion which increases frequency and the apparent speed of every process by a factor of - no, not 1 / (1 − β) and neither 1 + β but some intermediate of it which is the BONDI K factor K := √{(1 + β)/(1 − β)} which is less than 1 / (1 − β) by a factor 1/γ = √{1 − β²}. This last thing is what we call time dilation. _________ *) In the most extreme case, if v practically equalled c, this becomes infinite which is quite logical if we think about it: The ship itself and the light of its start travel roughly at the same speed and thus arrive roughly at the same time, so the ship would have looked travelling at almost infinite speed.
If we use time as a measurement of duration and distance how can we be sure of the accuracy of the distance measurement if the duration is time distorted?
Fraser it's very nice to hear of this indepth science news. I've always looked at the data that was provided with astonomy news that the hubble constant was experiencing some sort of entropy. The new information will be able to map it out in greater detail.
Holy _~bleeping bleepety bleep!~_ That image at 3:15? It's freaking brilliant! Amazing, jaw-dropping, all the words! The midnight blue is _~mwah~_ perfect! I NEED that image!! I know, the whole thing is gorgeous, but that section? It's my must-have! (Edited stupid mistake)
Hey, i hope you all are good. I wonder what happened with the jwst observations of the spectra of TRAPPIST-1b on July 18, will we ever get those results about the atmospheric composition soon? if anyone have any info about taht please share... thanks a lot in advance.
Regards your last comment about 'in real time' ... I think most people these days, especially those watching this video, are probably scientifically-litererate enough to be aware that, reletivistically, if we are witnessing the original light emitted by the event, then we are watching in real time, even if the difference in reletive perspectives are 'N' ['X']illion years apart; and quite frankly, I'd rather not be observing up-close-and personal with supernovae and supernovae-like phenomena, if for no other reason than avoiding the sheer density of neutron radiation emitted by such an event. I like existing. I also like these videos existing, one might say that I love these videos, so thank you and keep them coming!
8:18 I'm confused. How can the amount of dark energy be constant, yet be accelerating expansion? Shouldn't you say the amount of dark energy is increasing, but the effects are constant? From my understanding, Dark energy is maintaining 10-^8 urgs of energy/cm^2. Meaning, the energy is constant, but because space is expanding, that cm^2 implies that each new cm^2 of space has 10-^8 urgs of dark energy. So the amount of dark energy is increasing, just "constantly" spread like a scalar filed. Right?
it's not that, it's that because gravity works on things that are close together and dark energy works on things that are far apart, they have different strengths on different sizes of universes. the reason things slowed down was because gravity was almost enough to pull it back together, but then because of inertia or something similar, the universe passed a threshold where dark energy was able to overcome gravity. Of course, this is a theory, and we're learning that gravity is bonkers and might not actually exist as we traditionally understand. like, we can precisely calculate its effects but our theories about what it is haven't been able to produce working math or simulations at small scales.
Expansion slowed due to the high density of matter, but before expansion could stop, it had thinned out the matter density so much that Dark Energy was stronger than the sum of all gravity.
I just found a cache of old cd-rs that were absolutely crammed with astronomycast episodes with you and Dr. Gay from circa 2003, or something. Don't have anything to play them on anymore, but I still have 'em!
The explanation offered at 16:00 is wrong. Relativistic jets appear to go FTL due to an optical illusion, it has nothing to do with special relativity time dilation. You don't need relativity to explain this phenomenon, basic trigonometry will suffice. btw, in no way is this meant to be derogatory Fraser. I find your reporting to be overwhelmingly accurate and I enjoy your channel a lot. Thank you for your work!
For the 2017 neutron star merger, I am still confused about how scientists corrected calculations to account for the apparent superluminal motion. Is time dilation the only thing that could influence this, was frame-dragging or Lense-Thirring precession also a factor?
@@frasercain I know I'm not a big deal, but I want you to know that I don't subscribe to a lot of channels and yours impressed me with two videos. I'll definitely be watching more.
Nice Channel. Hey, are they watching Betelgeuse as well? This red giant had a good dim last couple of years. Even though it was a big portion of itself, blocking our view.
I already went and made a new wallpaper. What a great suggestion. It’s my first time on the channel. Love it. I also like the history of mercury and how much effort and time went into trying to find planet “Vulcanl” to explain Its orbit. I’ll be back.
I'm such an 80's kid; I read "Space Bites", and my first reaction was, "Umm, like, no, space doesn't bite, for sure... space is like, totally rad and stuff!"
Not going to lie, aside from the fascinating science: I'm pretty F'ing glad that "The Big Rip" is cancelled (so far), that one was always a source of existential dread for me.
I'm so glad that the scattered atoms making up my lovely body will not be torn apart by uncaring implacable cosmic forces mere tens of billions of years after I've finished using them. Bravo! 😁
18:00 If anyone wants a "visual" of what Fraser is describing here, look no further than the movie 2010 Odyssey (sequel to Stanly Kubric's "2001" masterpiece) to see the effects of Jupiter shrinking and then exploding to form a new star (thanks from the help with some alien tech). Not trying to be a smartass here, but this is all SO MIND BLOWING! Edit: This scene is towards the end of the movie.
Great episode as always but I think you accidentally misspoke and used the word time dilation when you meant delay in the explanation of the apparent jet speed. It's not about time dilation in the SR sense but just in case anyone else was curious I figured I'd save them the googling I just did and explain (I'm sure this is what you meant). I believe the issue is that the jet is angled toward us so that the time it takes for the light to reach us from the end of the jet is less than the time it takes from the start of the jet. In other words it's like watching a race where the video is delayed by 11 minutes at the start of the race but only 1 minute at the end. If the race actually takes 100 minutes to complete it will seem to us as if it took 90 minutes because the delay decreased by ten minutes over the course of the race making it look like they were (a bit more than) 10% faster than they really were.
Hello Fraser love the content. It is my understanding that Betelgeuse, being a red supergiant, has been slowly dimming over the years. Is it possible that we may be able to watch it go supernova in real time in our lifetimes?
Seems it has since brightened again, so the dimming is thought to have been a passing dust cloud. However it is possible that we could see a supernova here in the near future. Within a few thousand years is close to certain.
It turns out that Betelgeuse just burped up some stellar material, and this is something the star may actually do with (relative) regularity. Betelgeuse is predicted to go any time in the next 100,000 years. It could happen tomorrow, but chances are pretty darn good it won't. (Which is a bummer.)
It dimmed way less than this latest prediction for imminent supernovas. Also, the fact that 2000 years ago, Betelgeuse seems to have been a yellow star means it has just just recently entered the red giant phase and still has some time to go before it supernovas
This reminds of a conversation between a 5 year old girl and her mother. - mummy? - Yes? - can i tell you something? - Of course sweety!! - the person reading this is reading it with our voices. - what? Are you sure? -. Yep
Regarding the 2017 Killa Nova, how are we experiencing different time and perceiving the jets as moving faster than the speed of light, if previously you said gravitational waves move at the same speed as light? I don't think both can be correct.
Hey Fraser, while watching your video, couple questions occured to me. Couldn't finish it yet tho. Like c, the limit to linear speed as we know, are there also natural limits to rotational speed, or stretch speed of spacetime, etc. that arise from our calculations as well? Because I've never heard of them
No matter or energy can exceed c, this is true of those in a rotating system as for those outside. In a rotating system, the line is simply curved around the centre of the rotation, like the orbit of matter in a gravity well. In a fluid system, the differential of speed from centre of rotation to outer layer is not restricted to a linear change in velocity, but the velocity will still increase as you move outward from the centre, to a maximum potential of c at the outermost layer. Spacetime is not limited to c, however, and can stretch and compress and 'move' completely free of that restriction.
@@berthulf I understand, thank you. What about the point-like particles that rotate? This seems to be an exception to your explanation in terms of rotational speed. I know that there are point-like particles (probably considered point-like for simplification, not clear on this) and they have spin but it is not rotation. I guess since a point could not rotate (it wouldn't mean anything), we can leave that exception out easily?
@@berthulf I also thought about a speed limit for stretching and it requires a reference plane. And that reference plane must be 4d. And in that 4d reference place, i think stretching would have a limit too because stretching of matter is also movement towards future in that map
I remember that calculation of C is already on that 4d place and is at maximum because there is zero resistance to speed from matter counterpart. Also the regular 4d spacetime representation wouldn't allow me to determine speed limit of stretching because i would still need an additional axis of space I think? I'm confused on this. It is possible to determine stretching via the lowered photon frequencies that we observe all around the sky. Then it must be possible to talk about it's speed too, since we can now compare how much farther apart each body is. But how do you find the limit to the speed of that action? I remember a channel saying that gravitational waves and causality having same speed as speed of light. That latter one, causality, might be a fool's claim as you never completely know... But I guess since gravitational waves are stretching in itself, they share speed limit too? But gravitational waves are not stretching, stretching is how waves are created so it may also not share the limit. I'm just confused.
@@adram3lech Wow, there's a lot to go through here, and I'm not a physicist, but in brief: Spacetime is not matter/energy but the media within which they exist; the reference frame for describing the behaviour of matter/energy. The velocity of matter/energy is limited to c>. Matter itself cannot stretch or compress, but the space around and within it can. Matter/energy is not a material, but what a material is made of (along with space). Gravity waves do not stretch or compress matter/energy, but spacetime, i.e. space. Gravity waves travel at c, the stretching and compressing of space around the wave does not happen at c, but instantaneously to its position reletive to the wave. Two objects can appear to move away from each other faster than c if the spacetime between them is expanding faster than c, but the objects themselves are not actually moving. Regards your message about the spin speed of a point: you answered that yourself. I think that's everything... ish...
I'm a layman prob in the bottom 10-15% knowledge wise of folks who reg watch this channel (find this stuff unbelievably fascinating & stimulating on wide variety of levels) and have 2 subject questions... 1) don't merging black holes require a 3rd black hole or object of a certain mass to also be in the gravitational dance to overcome the final parsec problem (or whatever it's called)? Do super dense objects like neutron stars & magnetars face similar issues when merging? Or was the merging of black holes & final parsec problem misrepresented to me? 2) have/will we send anything into these twisted into knots space time areas? What are some of the hypothetical weird interactions & information we could potentially see/learn if we did manage to physically send something into these areas (in what that object would experience Vs what we'd see/experience in our own/a different space time relatively)?
No, two black holes can merge just fine. Everything turning is twisting spacetime. When you turn around on your chair you're twisting spacetime. The ultimate limit is the maximum speed that things can turn (the speed of light).
@@frasercain that answer unfortunately sadly just recked credibility & enjoyment 1 of my fav all time shows (a Science channel show). Edit) I should correct myself on 1 aspect, episode was on black holes but believe they were only referencing super massive & larger black holes, no idea if that detail makes any difference on my original question about them merging & the final parsec problem. So if there was a very significant, like upper tier, level of twisting into knots & spinning space time (and gravity?) u don't think we'd see/experience any weird effects on how time and or the fabric of space time, or even reality is perceived to be experienced, like the kinda mind bending variety of effects travelling at/very very near the speed of light, and other relative perceived effects on time with expanding universe speed and time light (or other things) reach us here Vs another galaxy from some other far away object/event? And TY for the reply
If you could actually survive being close to a black hole as it was rotating, it would have a profound effect on your experience of time. The final parsec problem is a real thing, and it's hoped that we'll see some kind of evidence in the background gravitational wave radiation of the Universe.
So how wide was the gamma ray burst ? was it only a few million klms wide or more?Could this be the reason we do not see life elsewhere i.e. gamma ray bursts will eventually hunt you down and find you?
What do you think the implications would be of a type 1a supernova occurring in orbit around a supermassive black hole like Sagittarius A. Would it even have an effect? Also what are the local effects of black hole/neutron star mergers, like on nearby star systems. I would imagine that gravitational waves are fairly impactful at quite a distance Edit: I guess I need to clarify that by “in orbit” I mean within a few light years of the black hole, since everything in a galaxy technically orbits the central black hole.
@@frasercain yeah but there's always a tad of Hope and a pinch of legacy , even in death, end is never so ultimate as it would be if the universe came to the big rip
@@petevenuti7355 heat death itself has 3 branches: proton decay and no decay. One leaves a universe of iron stars the other has spontaneous supernovae in 10^76? Years and protons decay so all that is left is photons and leptons. Similar end result to the big rip, since matter stops existing
The nearer that matter gets to a black hole, doesn't time slow down? So, the stars event horizon can't intake the matter as quickly as it is coming, perhaps. So the matter sort of slide on a "slippery" type of barrier and following the path of least resistance ends up getting expelled at the boles along with previously shattered atoms and such? I'm just wondering if the effects of time dilation might have a contributing factor to these equations? Maybe there is a constant that one could calculate based upon such?
Imagine we would be tiny and live on the surface of a balloon. We measure that the surfaces stretches and our best scientists figure out that it is caused by a giant finger pressing on the balloon near to where we live (well, giant from our tiny perspective). With our balloonoscopes we find other more distance fingers strechting the local surface. We develop a complete theorie of fingers, the finger theory, with all the math needed to precisely calculate and predict the stretching. But then we would find out that there is a general increase of the stretching all over the balloon. We try to search for the fingers causing this stretching, but we wouldn't find any. But we could still use our proven finger theory and its math to calculate that there must be fingers, and how many fingers there must be and how they must be distributed evenly across the balloon. We call it "dark fingers" and develop many theories of what this dark fingers could be made of. None of them would include air being blown into the balloon. This mirrors my surface level (lack of) understanding of why the expansion of the universe needs dark energy. Not as a one-to-one analogy, more like a metaphor. I'm absolutely not saying that it doesn't need dark energy. And I do believe that the scientists know what they are doing. But all the explanation on many different channels and websites probably haven't gone deep enough to get it into my head. Maybe I have to dive into the math myself one day or accept that I'm not smart enough for that.
We share the same education. Though I ended up in a band my long time love for the universe has been a part of my life for the last 10 years. Today it’s so much easier than In the old days gathering information and only the fact checking might be more demanding which Unfortunately due to all these more or less incorrect information which have been growing in the same rate as the right information!!.
Hi Fraser, how come the Soyuz capsules land their crews onto land, but Space X Dragon lands into water? Which is more difficult and safer for the crew? Is it more jarring when the capsule hits land as opposed to water?
it's less about the difficulty of landing safely for the crew and more about having a convenient space to land and the speed of recovery, USA doesn't have as much empty land to drop their capsules on so they drop them in the ocean. In case something goes wrong and the capsule lands a considerable distance away from the planed spot there needs to be a lot of unpopulated area around the target location.
Thank you Fraser I'm not a teacher just a guy and I love your show thank you for keeping everything where I can u understand what's going on not all bug egg head technical just enough to still understand anyway get it thanx again peace
I remember reading your articles online over 20 years ago. Good to see you've grown into a youtuber. Love your work! Subbed.
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Fraser: Mark here, retired teacher, 38 years. Your presentation bridges the gap between complex information and ease of understanding for non-astronomers. Well Done! I suggest you develop some kind of mechanism to reach out to Middle School and High School teachers and invite them to view some of your episodes. I was a Technology (old shop) teacher and I would always begin classes with something interesting in our technological world. If I was still teaching , you would be on my menu!
Hey man I really appreciate your comment even though I'm sure you are not a God-fearing believing individual. I see a mechanism as well and it must be demonstrated. And all your years of teaching did you ever consider any other Theory besides just the one? If everything came together by chance by some sort of chaotic explosion or some sort of freak emergence can we please talk about where all that matter and where all that energy and where everything including all the DNA that is made up in our bodies came from? Like I don't understand how 40 years nearly of teaching and you could not have stuck with the same Theory all your life. I'm sure you have thought of other things and apologies for the capitalizations when they are not necessary that's what the Google likes to do. But I love teaching myself I have been doing it 22 years. And in all my teaching and experience I always make sure that it is related to everyone in the crowd at a fourth or fifth grade level because people need something they can trust and bridge the gap between complex information and ease of understanding. As you stated there's a lot of people here that are not astronomers. However when you just listen to this video I mean just listen it is on and on and on about something that is not evidence it is not a scientific and it is still theoretical. So why is it spoken as if it is a fact. There is no way I am here by chance nor you. There's no way a star exploding created the DNA code structure that resides inside your body and mine. So no I cannot take by faith the story of The Big Bang or Evolution because I don't have any ground to stand on nor any information about it. It's all guess work and I would just rather Trust someone who clearly stated they are outside of the creation outside of time space and matter and they created it. The Father Son and Holy Spirit had to have been involved, no evidence can suggest otherwise. The universe has an obvious design especially when we're looking at consolations well over 100 right above are very noses. The Earth Moon and Sun being the distance they are at the size ratio make complete eclipses like wow how would anyone not see design there that's just ignorant and foolish. And we're rotating around our star at 66,000 mph and you guys are saying no one's in charge? Yeah that's a big problem. Praise God that we have an author that explained everything and there is more science in the Book of Job and in Genesis than can be found at any University Library or in any science book. I love science I am absolutely obsessed with the Stars the creation the Earth biology matter and issues of the heart. We have come so far yet still the majority are stuck in a deluded mindset that all this is by chance. It's really a crying shame.
@@seanmartin2185 Your understanding of biology is nonexistent, which is why DNA confuses you so much. You need to learn more about biology before you start pretending it's relevant to your religion.
Well stated!
@@seanmartin2185 Your hellfire god does not exist.
@@intellectualiconoclasm3264 thank you I know we are a minority my brother. I can't even begin to tell you the things I want to respond back to these negative comments I get back but I'm going to stay humble! You encouraged me and I appreciate it
shout out to Anton (your assistant). The quality of your videos has been GREAT recently. thanks Anton.
Frame dragging is such a wild concept. The idea that if you spin enough mass fast enough, you can warp spacetime hard enough to throw off the orbit of a star.
I am curious what a retrograde orbit around a spinning black hole would do to the orbiting body. When I play it out in my mind, I always see the same thing: think it would start spinning faster and faster due to shearing tidal forces and fly apart well before the tidal forces start spaghettifying it.
Yea I can't quite wrap my head around it, even if it makes logical sense.
Work something out for me please. If you spin enough mass fast enough the frame dragging gradient (change in rate of time passage versus distance from the event horizon) gets great enough that one side of a neutron is no longer at the same moment in time as the other side of the neutron and the neutron must decay. Gluon force can no longer hold a particle together if parts of the particle are not at the same moment in time. Please calculate the mass and spin required to frame drag a neutron apart. This puts an upper limit on the mass of a black hole at a given angular momentum because a neutron must decay into charged particles which will be forced away from the event horizon by magnetic fields and, most of the mass of the neutrons that were falling toward the event horizon will instead end up in a polar jet geyser leaving the black hole at near the speed of light.
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Assume a dormant spinning black hole with no accretion disk to tear the orbiting body apart so the body can get close enough to the event horizon for significant frame dragging effects. The black hole has to be large enough so that the frame dragging gradient is significant across the diameter of the body. For a body the size of the Earth the black hole would need to be huge (trillions to hundreds of trillion solar mass) spinning very fast. The gravitational gradient would be low enough near such a huge black hole that it would not tear the Earth apart with tidal forces even at the event horizon. If for example the frame dragging caused the side of Earth nearest the event horizon to lag one hour behind the opposite side of Earth, then the side nearest the event horizon will be one hour behind in its location in Earths orbit relative to the other side of the Earth. We can easily imagine orbital speeds near such a black hole reaching one million miles an hour, so one of the many weird effects of frame dragging in this case is the Earth would be stretched to a million mile length, and this would have nothing to do with tidal spaghettification. Conservation Laws apply to Frame Dragging and Angular Momentum. Since time is stopped at the event horizon for an outside observer, you cannot observe a black hole's spin. You would observe that angular momentum has been converted into frame dragging, i.e. you observe a spinning black hole event horizon frozen in time so you cannot see the spin. Spinning black holes have an ergosphere (a torus shaped event horizon). The volume of the ergosphere increases with black hole angular momentum, i.e. the faster it spins the bigger the black hole. This conservation law means an object in retrograde orbit is subject to more frame dragging effects because it observes a black hole with greater angular momentum than a non-retrograde orbit. A retrograde object observes itself as closer to the event horizon compared to a non-retrograde object in the exact same position (distance from the center).
Space time is not real
Anton Petrov did a vid on the apparent faster than light jets with a good description of how it works.
With faster than light travel, this episode could be new every time you watch.
Ha!
First time finding your channel. Love the format and the video chapters!
Thanks, welcome aboard
I still prefer the deep field photos over gas clouds. Something about seeing ALL of the billions of possibilities of life stretching off into the far far distant universe. It just leaves me in absolute awe.
Makes me question whether there's been any intergalactic wars yet far away in the universe
@@thunderfan1435 most definitely
hate to break it to you but theres zero life out there
First time watching one of your videos. I can feel the passion and joy that you experience in making these videos. Instant subscriber! Thanks for the awesome video and can't wait to watch more! Cheers
I remember reading a long time ago that metallicity in Type 1A supernova affects the brightness, throwing off the "standard candle" for earlier generations with lower metal content. Has that been accounted for systemically?
"imagine if one went off here in the milky way" thanks for that one Fraser 😂🤣😂🤣🤣
Space Bites are great! Totally love them! But in the same time, for me you are the guy, that filled my youtube feed wirh long and never boring vids. I love new content, but please dont forget your old style, that brought us here ❤️
Yikes, that gamma ray burst bit is really scary. Don't even wanna imagine if there was one in our cosmic neighborhood
It's likely that GRBs in the Milky Way caused mass extinctions.
@@frasercain now there's a Fermi paradox solution if i ever saw one
I read that GRBs would hardly happen in galaxys with many planets like this, because of the high amount of metal. And so the idea that previous extinctions where from them, is mainly a guess......for now.
There's some concern about what would if one of Eta Carinae two stars went supernova since we can't actually see them because they're obscured. If one of them have their poles aimed at us it'd be bad news if it went up.
I think there is an error in the faster than light jet bit of news. It's some kind of optical illusion, they are not moving faster than light "relative to us" at all, as that would violate relativity. "The beyond-light-speed illusion arises from the difference in speed between the particles in the jet, and the light particles (or photons) that they emit. Because the jet's particles move nearly as fast as the light they emit, it can appear as though particles in the early part of the jet are arriving at Earth at nearly the same time as photons in the later stages of the jet - making it appear as though the jet is actually moving faster than the speed of light.
"
Fraser did say it is an illusion but the explanation is complicated.
Because of time dilation, the jets travel a shorter distance from their perspective and appear to be moving faster than the speed of light. But it's only because of relativity.
I had the Hubble pic of the Pillars, but definitely going to be changing it to Webb's
Even as someone that was always dubious about the Big Rip scenario, I still think it's a bit too early to rule it out.
Yep, new information is always comming out.
Somebody has got to say it: I appreciate the graphic flashed in the "A warning sign for supernovae" bit. It looks greate :)
Couldn’t isolate it, too quick. What was it?
@@CasualClassical start at 16:20 on 0.25x speed and you should catch it after a few tries. (It is not one specifc thing, just look pretty cool.)
It was the "Gravity falls cypher wheel" according to Google foo. A newer version it seems. No clue why it was flashed at that point.
Wow, one of the only videos I've watched at 1x for years. And YEARS. I could listen to you talk all day. Fantastic! What a find, I feel lucky. Thank you for existing, this is GREAT STUFF.
I agree. He's soooo good. Wish some millionaire out there would gift him some money "just because" he's so amazing! Knowledge is power and man he gives me so much power. I'm going to marry him and he just has no idea
Love hearing about Pantheon Plus data base ! I wonder if you could share a little bit about how big data and astronomy overlap, with your knowledge of computer science i think that could be really fascinating 🙌🏼 as always, thank you for such great content
Im an architect who works with data and 3d models and im curious how I can get involved to process some data or create some 3d simulations! Would love to hear some of the tools and processes that the astronomy industry uses. I notice on some of the visuals you show you give credits to Nasa’s Visualization Studio, is there a lot of work being done in this area?
I did an hourlong interview with one of the people who built Pantheon+, so you'll be able to watch that in a couple of days. It was absolutely fascinating.
Dear Fraser,
in 16:00f, you got something a bit wrong:
> _It's because of time dilation._
No, it's not. Of course, this phenomenon we unhappily call time dilation is there but the apparent superluminal speed is due to a retardation effect, more precisely speaking the shrinking delay effect. If a spaceship were approaching us at constant speed v = β∙c, we know that the distance must have shrunk by a factor 1 − β since (if we considered the spaceship stationary and ourselves moving at v towards it instead, we would rather expect it to actually be closer by a factor 1/(1 + β) due to aberration).
We also see it approaching at v / (1 − β).*)
This comes alongside with the DOPPLER effect and an optical fast motion which increases frequency and the apparent speed of every process by a factor of - no, not 1 / (1 − β) and neither 1 + β but some intermediate of it which is the BONDI K factor
K := √{(1 + β)/(1 − β)}
which is less than 1 / (1 − β) by a factor
1/γ = √{1 − β²}.
This last thing is what we call time dilation.
_________
*) In the most extreme case, if v practically equalled c, this becomes infinite which is quite logical if we think about it: The ship itself and the light of its start travel roughly at the same speed and thus arrive roughly at the same time, so the ship would have looked travelling at almost infinite speed.
Fraser thanks for sharing the James Webb Space Telescope pictures, their fantastic.
No more big rip ?!?! OMG !!!
I am so relieved.
Sleeping good tonight.
You've got a googol years of good night sleeps ahead of you before all your protons decay. Enjoy!
If we use time as a measurement of duration and distance how can we be sure of the accuracy of the distance measurement if the duration is time distorted?
The light year is distance only. The unit of time is the second.
Fraser it's very nice to hear of this indepth science news. I've always looked at the data that was provided with astonomy news that the hubble constant was experiencing some sort of entropy. The new information will be able to map it out in greater detail.
Holy _~bleeping bleepety bleep!~_ That image at 3:15? It's freaking brilliant! Amazing, jaw-dropping, all the words! The midnight blue is _~mwah~_ perfect! I NEED that image!!
I know, the whole thing is gorgeous, but that section? It's my must-have!
(Edited stupid mistake)
Incredible. Universe Today - from great reads to science shattering content creation. We can put Big Rip to bed. 👍🏻
One less thing to worry about.
Whereas before I beheld the Pillars through a glass darkly now do I see them face to face. 🤩
Hey dude @FraserCain..what is that gravity letter at 16:21 and that weird picture?
A weirdmageddon reference. Obviously 😊
Is heat death a much more likely way the universe will end?
It seems to be the case.
@@frasercain ah I just love a slow and dragged out death🥰
@@DailyDoseofSpace. lmao😂😂
Hey, i hope you all are good. I wonder what happened with the jwst observations of the spectra of TRAPPIST-1b on July 18, will we ever get those results about the atmospheric composition soon? if anyone have any info about taht please share... thanks a lot in advance.
Pretty sure we will, but it takes time to analyze the data!
Pretty interesting. We get to see what regular super flares do to the atmosphere of a planet.
a great episode. thanks fraser
Thanks for the news, Fraser! 😊
Sorry, I couldn't watch yesterday. 😬
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
I LOVE the little details. Its like extra leaves to hang from the branches!
Regards your last comment about 'in real time' ... I think most people these days, especially those watching this video, are probably scientifically-litererate enough to be aware that, reletivistically, if we are witnessing the original light emitted by the event, then we are watching in real time, even if the difference in reletive perspectives are 'N' ['X']illion years apart; and quite frankly, I'd rather not be observing up-close-and personal with supernovae and supernovae-like phenomena, if for no other reason than avoiding the sheer density of neutron radiation emitted by such an event. I like existing.
I also like these videos existing, one might say that I love these videos, so thank you and keep them coming!
Enjoyed the effects and background music 🎶
8:18 I'm confused. How can the amount of dark energy be constant, yet be accelerating expansion? Shouldn't you say the amount of dark energy is increasing, but the effects are constant? From my understanding, Dark energy is maintaining 10-^8 urgs of energy/cm^2. Meaning, the energy is constant, but because space is expanding, that cm^2 implies that each new cm^2 of space has 10-^8 urgs of dark energy. So the amount of dark energy is increasing, just "constantly" spread like a scalar filed. Right?
Is the density of Dark Energy what it looks like to be constant; so, in an expanding Universe the total quantity grow as time passes.
What caused the speed of Dark Energy to slow down at first and then speed up later?
it's not that, it's that because gravity works on things that are close together and dark energy works on things that are far apart, they have different strengths on different sizes of universes. the reason things slowed down was because gravity was almost enough to pull it back together, but then because of inertia or something similar, the universe passed a threshold where dark energy was able to overcome gravity. Of course, this is a theory, and we're learning that gravity is bonkers and might not actually exist as we traditionally understand. like, we can precisely calculate its effects but our theories about what it is haven't been able to produce working math or simulations at small scales.
Expansion slowed due to the high density of matter, but before expansion could stop, it had thinned out the matter density so much that Dark Energy was stronger than the sum of all gravity.
I just found a cache of old cd-rs that were absolutely crammed with astronomycast episodes with you and Dr. Gay from circa 2003, or something. Don't have anything to play them on anymore, but I still have 'em!
The explanation offered at 16:00 is wrong. Relativistic jets appear to go FTL due to an optical illusion, it has nothing to do with special relativity time dilation. You don't need relativity to explain this phenomenon, basic trigonometry will suffice. btw, in no way is this meant to be derogatory Fraser. I find your reporting to be overwhelmingly accurate and I enjoy your channel a lot. Thank you for your work!
Whats with the subliminal insert at 16:21 in this video and why was it put in?
It's a reference to a Gravity Falls episode.
Love the information as well as the delivery. Very conversational and relaxed. Great for the average layman.
Fantastic video! You are underrated.
I'm glad I finally found your channel again, the death of a PC is often very much mourned.
Thank you for this video my friend. Feels good to get nerdy and get some more inspiration from the universe itself 👏👏👏.
Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it
For the 2017 neutron star merger, I am still confused about how scientists corrected calculations to account for the apparent superluminal motion. Is time dilation the only thing that could influence this, was frame-dragging or Lense-Thirring precession also a factor?
Excellent work. Thanks.
I've only seen two videos from this channel so far, but it's enough to make me subscribe.
Great, now you've got about a thousand more to catch up with.
@@frasercain I know I'm not a big deal, but I want you to know that I don't subscribe to a lot of channels and yours impressed me with two videos. I'll definitely be watching more.
Video narrator: 'your new computer wallpaper, thanks to Webb''
Literally everyone: 'how does he know??'
Nice Channel.
Hey, are they watching Betelgeuse as well? This red giant had a good dim last couple of years. Even though it was a big portion of itself, blocking our view.
16:21, the hell was that. Aside from that, great video!. Looking forward for more.
It's a reference to a Gravity Falls episode.
Oh, thanks.
Big week for news. Good show. Pillars was always my favorite picture from space.
I already went and made a new wallpaper. What a great suggestion.
It’s my first time on the channel. Love it. I also like the history of mercury and how much effort and time went into trying to find planet “Vulcanl” to explain Its orbit.
I’ll be back.
I'm such an 80's kid; I read "Space Bites", and my first reaction was, "Umm, like, no, space doesn't bite, for sure... space is like, totally rad and stuff!"
That totally bites.
Not going to lie, aside from the fascinating science: I'm pretty F'ing glad that "The Big Rip" is cancelled (so far), that one was always a source of existential dread for me.
You've got big plans, and 10 billion years isn't enough time
16:21 Nice. Good cover work.
Enjoying these updates a lot. Thanks
I'm so glad that the scattered atoms making up my lovely body will not be torn apart by uncaring implacable cosmic forces mere tens of billions of years after I've finished using them. Bravo! 😁
Those atoms are your legacy to the universe
18:00 If anyone wants a "visual" of what Fraser is describing here, look no further than the movie 2010 Odyssey (sequel to Stanly Kubric's "2001" masterpiece) to see the effects of Jupiter shrinking and then exploding to form a new star (thanks from the help with some alien tech). Not trying to be a smartass here, but this is all SO MIND BLOWING!
Edit: This scene is towards the end of the movie.
This is so cool! I love this comparison.
What was that at 16:20 , 16:21 ? (Playback speed 0.25x ) you blink and you miss 🤔
It's weird.
It's a referance to the cartoon Gravity Falls. I noticed it too!
Great episode, thanks!
Thank you for going through the different ways distance is measured by astronomers - ⭐️💫🌟✨
There are a bunch more. 😀
@@frasercain I guess that means I need to get back to studying..lol
Thank you for the information I really enjoy your videos. Great job
Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it
was that a subliminal frame of Bill Cyphers summoning circle from Gravity Falls around 16:22 when you say "It's weird"?
Mayyybe
@@frasercain Well played ;)
Great episode as always but I think you accidentally misspoke and used the word time dilation when you meant delay in the explanation of the apparent jet speed. It's not about time dilation in the SR sense but just in case anyone else was curious I figured I'd save them the googling I just did and explain (I'm sure this is what you meant).
I believe the issue is that the jet is angled toward us so that the time it takes for the light to reach us from the end of the jet is less than the time it takes from the start of the jet.
In other words it's like watching a race where the video is delayed by 11 minutes at the start of the race but only 1 minute at the end. If the race actually takes 100 minutes to complete it will seem to us as if it took 90 minutes because the delay decreased by ten minutes over the course of the race making it look like they were (a bit more than) 10% faster than they really were.
the introduction images are do to the feildflow in magnetude of the beld dimention around it on external demant💜
Wait tho. If things approaching light speed seem to slow down... Is that taken into account looking at the jets?
Hello Fraser love the content. It is my understanding that Betelgeuse, being a red supergiant, has been slowly dimming over the years. Is it possible that we may be able to watch it go supernova in real time in our lifetimes?
Seems it has since brightened again, so the dimming is thought to have been a passing dust cloud. However it is possible that we could see a supernova here in the near future. Within a few thousand years is close to certain.
It will happen "soon," but probably not very soon.
It turns out that Betelgeuse just burped up some stellar material, and this is something the star may actually do with (relative) regularity.
Betelgeuse is predicted to go any time in the next 100,000 years. It could happen tomorrow, but chances are pretty darn good it won't. (Which is a bummer.)
It dimmed way less than this latest prediction for imminent supernovas. Also, the fact that 2000 years ago, Betelgeuse seems to have been a yellow star means it has just just recently entered the red giant phase and still has some time to go before it supernovas
But does the space time knots stay tangled up after the merger? What does that mean?
why put some weird thing within the 16:21 second? why?
It's a secret reference to a TV show.
This reminds of a conversation between a 5 year old girl and her mother.
- mummy?
- Yes?
- can i tell you something?
- Of course sweety!!
- the person reading this is reading it with our voices.
- what? Are you sure?
-. Yep
Regarding the 2017 Killa Nova, how are we experiencing different time and perceiving the jets as moving faster than the speed of light, if previously you said gravitational waves move at the same speed as light? I don't think both can be correct.
Thank you for your channel!
Hey Fraser, while watching your video, couple questions occured to me. Couldn't finish it yet tho.
Like c, the limit to linear speed as we know, are there also natural limits to rotational speed, or stretch speed of spacetime, etc. that arise from our calculations as well? Because I've never heard of them
No matter or energy can exceed c, this is true of those in a rotating system as for those outside. In a rotating system, the line is simply curved around the centre of the rotation, like the orbit of matter in a gravity well. In a fluid system, the differential of speed from centre of rotation to outer layer is not restricted to a linear change in velocity, but the velocity will still increase as you move outward from the centre, to a maximum potential of c at the outermost layer.
Spacetime is not limited to c, however, and can stretch and compress and 'move' completely free of that restriction.
@@berthulf I understand, thank you. What about the point-like particles that rotate? This seems to be an exception to your explanation in terms of rotational speed. I know that there are point-like particles (probably considered point-like for simplification, not clear on this) and they have spin but it is not rotation.
I guess since a point could not rotate (it wouldn't mean anything), we can leave that exception out easily?
@@berthulf I also thought about a speed limit for stretching and it requires a reference plane. And that reference plane must be 4d. And in that 4d reference place, i think stretching would have a limit too because stretching of matter is also movement towards future in that map
I remember that calculation of C is already on that 4d place and is at maximum because there is zero resistance to speed from matter counterpart.
Also the regular 4d spacetime representation wouldn't allow me to determine speed limit of stretching because i would still need an additional axis of space I think? I'm confused on this. It is possible to determine stretching via the lowered photon frequencies that we observe all around the sky. Then it must be possible to talk about it's speed too, since we can now compare how much farther apart each body is. But how do you find the limit to the speed of that action?
I remember a channel saying that gravitational waves and causality having same speed as speed of light. That latter one, causality, might be a fool's claim as you never completely know... But I guess since gravitational waves are stretching in itself, they share speed limit too? But gravitational waves are not stretching, stretching is how waves are created so it may also not share the limit. I'm just confused.
@@adram3lech Wow, there's a lot to go through here, and I'm not a physicist, but in brief:
Spacetime is not matter/energy but the media within which they exist; the reference frame for describing the behaviour of matter/energy.
The velocity of matter/energy is limited to c>.
Matter itself cannot stretch or compress, but the space around and within it can.
Matter/energy is not a material, but what a material is made of (along with space).
Gravity waves do not stretch or compress matter/energy, but spacetime, i.e. space.
Gravity waves travel at c, the stretching and compressing of space around the wave does not happen at c, but instantaneously to its position reletive to the wave.
Two objects can appear to move away from each other faster than c if the spacetime between them is expanding faster than c, but the objects themselves are not actually moving.
Regards your message about the spin speed of a point: you answered that yourself.
I think that's everything... ish...
There will be proton decay after all. Great news!
That's what I was thinking too lol! (Or will there?!)
What's with the picture at 16.21? Am I missing something?
I'm a layman prob in the bottom 10-15% knowledge wise of folks who reg watch this channel (find this stuff unbelievably fascinating & stimulating on wide variety of levels) and have 2 subject questions...
1) don't merging black holes require a 3rd black hole or object of a certain mass to also be in the gravitational dance to overcome the final parsec problem (or whatever it's called)? Do super dense objects like neutron stars & magnetars face similar issues when merging? Or was the merging of black holes & final parsec problem misrepresented to me?
2) have/will we send anything into these twisted into knots space time areas? What are some of the hypothetical weird interactions & information we could potentially see/learn if we did manage to physically send something into these areas (in what that object would experience Vs what we'd see/experience in our own/a different space time relatively)?
No, two black holes can merge just fine. Everything turning is twisting spacetime. When you turn around on your chair you're twisting spacetime. The ultimate limit is the maximum speed that things can turn (the speed of light).
@@frasercain that answer unfortunately sadly just recked credibility & enjoyment 1 of my fav all time shows (a Science channel show).
Edit) I should correct myself on 1 aspect, episode was on black holes but believe they were only referencing super massive & larger black holes, no idea if that detail makes any difference on my original question about them merging & the final parsec problem.
So if there was a very significant, like upper tier, level of twisting into knots & spinning space time (and gravity?) u don't think we'd see/experience any weird effects on how time and or the fabric of space time, or even reality is perceived to be experienced, like the kinda mind bending variety of effects travelling at/very very near the speed of light, and other relative perceived effects on time with expanding universe speed and time light (or other things) reach us here Vs another galaxy from some other far away object/event?
And TY for the reply
If you could actually survive being close to a black hole as it was rotating, it would have a profound effect on your experience of time. The final parsec problem is a real thing, and it's hoped that we'll see some kind of evidence in the background gravitational wave radiation of the Universe.
So how wide was the gamma ray burst ? was it only a few million klms wide or more?Could this be the reason we do not see life elsewhere i.e. gamma ray bursts will eventually hunt you down and find you?
Perhaps the universe is telling us it do not appreciate life, anywhere
@@doncarlodivargas5497 What?😕
@@ageofatheism6638 - was that not what you suggested in your comment? That the gamma ray is sanitising the universe?
What do you think the implications would be of a type 1a supernova occurring in orbit around a supermassive black hole like Sagittarius A. Would it even have an effect? Also what are the local effects of black hole/neutron star mergers, like on nearby star systems. I would imagine that gravitational waves are fairly impactful at quite a distance
Edit: I guess I need to clarify that by “in orbit” I mean within a few light years of the black hole, since everything in a galaxy technically orbits the central black hole.
How close to each other are the stars close to the pillars?
and what is going on with that one frame between @16:20 and 16:21.... anyone able to crack the code? :D
Weirdmageddon.
The pillars look like a big hand reaching out
I wish there was visuals about what it is like to be near a black hole frame draggin
16:21 it's...weird. What's that image that pops up? There's a llama hieroglyph? lol.
If there's no big rip how am I supposed to keep being a nihilist?
There are so many other ways the Universe is trying to kill you.
Heat Death.
@@frasercain yeah but there's always a tad of Hope and a pinch of legacy , even in death, end is never so ultimate as it would be if the universe came to the big rip
@@Datokah heat death asymptotically approaches to zero ... but never reaches it
@@petevenuti7355 heat death itself has 3 branches: proton decay and no decay. One leaves a universe of iron stars the other has spontaneous supernovae in 10^76? Years and protons decay so all that is left is photons and leptons. Similar end result to the big rip, since matter stops existing
The nearer that matter gets to a black hole, doesn't time slow down? So, the stars event horizon can't intake the matter as quickly as it is coming, perhaps. So the matter sort of slide on a "slippery" type of barrier and following the path of least resistance ends up getting expelled at the boles along with previously shattered atoms and such? I'm just wondering if the effects of time dilation might have a contributing factor to these equations? Maybe there is a constant that one could calculate based upon such?
Good information. Intense picture.
Imagine we would be tiny and live on the surface of a balloon. We measure that the surfaces stretches and our best scientists figure out that it is caused by a giant finger pressing on the balloon near to where we live (well, giant from our tiny perspective). With our balloonoscopes we find other more distance fingers strechting the local surface. We develop a complete theorie of fingers, the finger theory, with all the math needed to precisely calculate and predict the stretching. But then we would find out that there is a general increase of the stretching all over the balloon. We try to search for the fingers causing this stretching, but we wouldn't find any. But we could still use our proven finger theory and its math to calculate that there must be fingers, and how many fingers there must be and how they must be distributed evenly across the balloon. We call it "dark fingers" and develop many theories of what this dark fingers could be made of. None of them would include air being blown into the balloon.
This mirrors my surface level (lack of) understanding of why the expansion of the universe needs dark energy. Not as a one-to-one analogy, more like a metaphor. I'm absolutely not saying that it doesn't need dark energy. And I do believe that the scientists know what they are doing. But all the explanation on many different channels and websites probably haven't gone deep enough to get it into my head. Maybe I have to dive into the math myself one day or accept that I'm not smart enough for that.
We share the same education. Though I ended up in a band my long time love for the universe has been a part of my life for the last 10 years. Today it’s so much easier than In the old days gathering information and only the fact checking might be more demanding which Unfortunately due to all these more or less incorrect information which have been growing in the same rate as the right information!!.
if pillars is so dynamic then why the hell don't they create a timelapse video?
1 pic a month should be enough
I just wanted to let you know my bf watches your space videos every night before bed. You have true fan!! Lol
I've never believed in the big rip; i just ignored it. Can't wait for the Vera Rubin Observatory!
So the medium gravity waves travel thru affects gravity wave speed? Asking because light speed is affected by medium traveled thrubb
I cant believe I didn't know that there was a thing called a Killanova. Wow.
Gaia also gave another surprise that stars are closer that first thought.
Veer-Reuben Observatory? I have never heard of it.
Vera Rubin Observatory. This: www.lsst.org/
Pretty sure it was Type 1A supernovae that was used by Hubble to determine the universe expansion.
Hi Fraser, how come the Soyuz capsules land their crews onto land, but Space X Dragon lands into water? Which is more difficult and safer for the crew? Is it more jarring when the capsule hits land as opposed to water?
it's less about the difficulty of landing safely for the crew and more about having a convenient space to land and the speed of recovery, USA doesn't have as much empty land to drop their capsules on so they drop them in the ocean. In case something goes wrong and the capsule lands a considerable distance away from the planed spot there needs to be a lot of unpopulated area around the target location.
16:21 - Yes, ... weird bit of subliminal flash...
Thank you Fraser I'm not a teacher just a guy and I love your show thank you for keeping everything where I can u understand what's going on not all bug egg head technical just enough to still understand anyway get it thanx again peace