MAGNETS: How Do They Work?
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- Опубліковано 22 вер 2013
- The Conquest Continues over on Veritasium: bit.ly/VEMagnets_m
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Calvin Kennell-Heiling
Matthew Joseph Woolley
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Stephanie Ahlberg-Rosell - scoutingwithmeurr.wordpress.com
K. Repking
@lifeasasleeper
How do magnets work? Why do they attract and repel at long distances? Is it magic? No... it's quantum mechanics, and a bit more, as we explain in this, the longest MinutePhysics video ever.
MinutePhysics is on Google+ - bit.ly/qzEwc6
And facebook - / minutephysics
And twitter - @minutephysics
Minute Physics provides an energetic and entertaining view of old and new problems in physics -- all in a minute!
Music by Nathaniel Schroeder / drschroeder
Additional music by Kevin MacLeod www.incompetech.com Created by Henry Reich - Наука та технологія
- How do magnets work?
- Oh, they're just a bunch of tiny magnets
Magnets all the way down
Moving charges
Magenets work:One part of the magnet is positively charged (more protons in compostion because when we see a material in microscope we notice the atom that is composed of neutrons with no charge electrons negatively charged and protons positively charged also the nucleus of an atom is composed of neutrons and protons normally and the electrons in orbit to the nucleus.There are only two type of charges in the universe) and the other negatively charged (more electrons in composition).Same charge push each other while different charges pull (attract) each other.
the video is more about why some things appear to be magnetic while others arent
@@jurgensala7181 Nope, that's the electric force.
Someone please help, I’ve been stuck in a loop with this video and the veritasium one for 4 years
me too
Lol noone can help u
@@anandsuralkar2947 I can
@@pr1m3rI assume u r Indian by ur name. It's simple, take the 2nd pu ncert physics n chemistry books or hc verma books, this video has the exact explanation which I read in those books.
Maybe this is what black holes are made of, a circular youtube link topology (btw click here to know why black holes can also be magnetic)
After having taken some advanced physics courses in uni, I have a much greater appreciation for these videos and I appreciate their very clear explanations.
Yes, but for the rest of us.... I literally had to pause video every five seconds in some sections to digest what they just blew thru...
me too bro
Yeah us high school students struggle with keeping up but I'm usually able to understand moat of they say.
4:53 then, everything changed when the magnet field nation attacked
funny how a superior attacking kingdom would also unify humans
"Fuckin' magnets. How do they work?" was the biggest reason I clicked on this video.
Same
same
Scientists lying and getting me pissed.
@@bingbong3643 ua-cam.com/video/nkIIdRJZybw/v-deo.html
because of magnets, you clicked because you got pulled by magnets :P
Once I start watching these videos, it's hard to stop.
Stephen Zogas I have Machines Theory exam in a week and can't stop watching this videos. T_T
Nice
Noice noice
One could say , there is a certain attraction
That is what we call momentum
I wish they taught us magnetism this way in our schools
you learn more solid things on youtube than books
Well, its school. So it would be boring as fuck
Watched this in physics
@@benjaminjones4008 same
Consider yourself lucky, they at least bothered to cover this topic
I want to cry... I've been searching for HOURS how the heck are magnets working on an atomic/electronic level. Other videos usually brush the how and the why off but yours was precise enough for me to have a clearer understanding of the phenomenon. I'm going to devour your other videos.Thanks, from France
i'm having the same problem, even after watching this video my brain kinda wants to grasp how magnets work, but the concept still feels confusing, lets see if another couple of hours make me grasp how magnets work
Those days when veritasium and minutephysics did collaborations.
Tell me about it
yeah tell me about it
Yeah, tell em' bout' it!
Yeah tell me about it
I liked how Henry drew the electron shells. He avoided the stereotypical and incorrect depiction of shells.
Yeah
I know it's been 3 years, sorry if you don't give a damn anymore but... Being a chemist myself, out of curiosity, could I see an example of such "incorrect" depictions? Thank you!
Yeah, Bohr model triggers people.
@@bennemann Three years later, he’s talking about the atom model which uses concentric circles
one of the best videos on magnetism ever. everyone talks bout how magnets work but no one tells why magnets work? like that is the fundamental concept that if uncleared poses so many doubts , thanks for this video it cleared many doubts ;)
0:59 vsauce music starts playing
I've found this video 10 months too late. That's what I thought at that moment
I had the *exact* same thought
i frackin love you ahhahaha
More like “C SAUCE”
Puppy Puppington huh?
So I watched your video. You sent me to Veritasium, then he sent me to you, then you sent me to him. HOW DO I GET OUT OF THIS CYCLE???
It's been...... 84 years.....
there is no escape
HOW DOES IT WORK?
why do you wanna escape ???? just explore !😊😊
+Alan Jay Yes! Lol
This video was released 6 years ago! Silly!
Wow, FINALLY someone explained this in a way that I could at least begin to understand! You guys ROCK! (have you gotten awards yet?)
I'm with you, this finally totally explained magnets to me, right up to the edge of our knowledge, A to Z. Brilliant. One of my favorite science videos ever.
Absolutely awesome as ever! This is one of the clearest (it's still a bit tricky for me) explanations of why you can magnetise certain things and why some are naturally magnetic!
00:59 vsauce style
Heroes in a half-filled shell, Magnetic Power!
Ruling with an iron fist indeed.
Turtle power!
😁
Glorious
Why does this comment have so little likes??? This is probably the greatest physics pun I have heard in a loooong time.
I watched it today for the second time and this time I was trying to grasp it in order to teach my class. I realized how each diagram that you drew speaks so much and while trying to learn everything you had to say I ended up having more than 4 pages of notes and so much of amazing magnet's knowledge. Thank you so much for this :) I am not sure if you will ever read this , but you truly inspire brother and I feel like pursuing physics more and more
i have no way to express my gratitude- just... THANKS DUDE.
i had been surfin the web for hrs for someone that would explain me
you earned a like and sub
THANK YOU!!
I've been researching chemistry as a hobby, and jumping around has led me to the functions of atoms and the structures of unit cells, this feels like a puzzle piece that connects the two. I see it so much clearer now, thank you very much.
Stop the video at 4:26 and pay very close attention to the map.
Reality Check that be xkcd
Sea of meames👌
@@memstercentral801 I'm ready to drown if it's the sea of memes XD
This is gold! Thanks!
xkcd.com/802/
Water, fire, air and dirt
Fucking magnets. how do they work?
And i dont wanna talk to a scientist
fifteen thousand juggalos together
Your perfect
I've seen a caterpillar turn into a butterfly
This is one of the best explanations of how magnets work that I have found!
This is a pretty awesome collab! Thanks guys! I enjoyed the imperial electromagnetic empiricism...
2 of these videos are more science than I will ever learn in school
+Andrew Bowers
What schools did you go to?
+Taxtro Any school in Texas?
+Teth47 Any school?
+Andrew Bowers Wait till you get to university physics II, then you'll learn all about it.
+Andrew Bowers I was thinking the same thing. I really like the Veritasium and Smarter Everyday channels.
+MinutePhysics That was a terrific video! Thanks so much for posting!
Henry: "technical mumbo jumbo"
Mumbo Jumbo: Who called me?
Lol what
@@ezflykha6415 It only makes sense if you know who sam o'Nella is
@@ezflykha6415 it’s the name of a gaming channel
Lol I know both Sam o'nella and Mumbo Jumbo
ok so i just put out this crappy comment and got 80 likes?
I would love to see Derek's children react to this video when they're teenagers
Watching those two videos, I finally understand how magnetism works. *My life is complete*
Watching the two videos, then, electromagnets are explained by special relativity and permanent natural magnets by quantum?
This video really helped me understand magnets in a way I've never before. Thank you minute physics, thank you veritasium. You both really are amazing.
interesting re the Chrome. I recall back in the 80's and even 90's when compact cassettes were also used as a recording medium for music, the better recordings were done with Chrome Dioxide tapes which had a wider dynamic range, though the energy required to record on them needed was higher, only recorders with the CrO2 Bias function could do that.
Loved every second of this Video! Magnetics as an expression of Quantum Mechanics was just the stepping point for me to start to appreciating this kind of observable aspect of what, to the Layman, can be very abstract concepts. It can feel at times as if we are just to take it on faith that we are to accept Scientific Consensus as true, these scientific principals which can feel (at times) counter intuitive to our relative experience of the world as we observe it.
Brilliant video, thank you. Probably the clearest explanation of the origin of magnetism I have seen - I get asked this a lot by my students and it's very difficult to explain properly.
me: ah time for a relaxing day with watching minute-long videos of physics with a man with a soothing voice
derek: WELL THATS EASY HENRY
me: FUCKS SAKE DEREK
Yep
+MrMariotime123 To me, Bill Nye is always shouting...
Bill Nye: BLAH BLAH BLAH
Minute physics: science science science
bill nye also like: honk, bang, pow, etc.
At least it isn't VSauce.... also whats UR SSN? JK JK
Short answer: "No one knows, that's just the way the universe works."
Honestly, magnets are fascinating. If you have ever spent time playing with a magnet experimenting with it and what it can do, It's almost like something out of a science fiction book. Many things can be done with technology nowadays. But this is a simple material that occurs naturally that creates an invisible force that attracts and repels. It leads you to wonder what else out there exists beyond our comprehension.
watch the veritasium video in the description, magnets work because of electric force and special relativity, we understand magnetism, haha but yeah electric force is a fundemental force which just works because it works.
@@studyhelpandtipskhiyabarre1518 this video is about permanent magnets while the Verituasium video is about magnetism due to movements of electric charges.
@@dimlighty which is the same effect, because the tiny magnets explained in this video also have moving electric charges
They just explained it in the video?
how your momma is so fat is beyond our comprehension
Wow. You put on this UA-cam video for such a long time ago, but the information is so helpful in figuring out on what's going on inside of my body, at least, as far as I can understand things from outside of the box than my peers... Thanks for the hints. 😊
3:16 I said "Why is Helium next to Hydrogen?"
Probably to show that He and H are next to eachother in that they both only will fill the 's' orbital.
EpiCuber7 you replied to a 3 year old comment thank you for that
@@RSPikachuAlpha :D
4:58
*Wololo intensifies*
This video reminded me a physics exam of my student. I helped him telling that when the electrons are aligned in a magnetic material in the same direction, the material becomes like a self-wire in which electrons flow in a preferential cycle. So, this material becomes an electromagnet with no need to pass any current through it. Such a good video reminding me also a bad moment: He didn't pay me for the last two classes leaving no trace behind:))) Good work bro!
THANK YOU! This has cleared up soo many questions I never knew I had!
ICP should watch this video
fukin magnets how do they work
+poper Pooper Actually It wouldn't help since nobody really knows! ICP could have been referring to protons or electrons as the "fuckin' magnets", and no physicist would have an answer for them!
+poper Pooper Well... most of them are dead now, yes? I don't recall them having great fortune after that song/album. Then again, was never a fan anyway.
+fuflang thats the point. its funny because not knowing something doesnt prove anything. its like saying how does gravity work? see miracles are real! we know how magnets work, just not why.
Fuckin logic; how does that work?
Water, fire, air and dirt
F@#$ing magnets, how do they work?
@@eclipse369. That's just another 2 descriptions. How do the work? All we can do is describe phenomena and give them names. At some level, what is simply is.
These videos are a fantastic demonstration of how quantum mechanics and special relativity both really apply to everyday objects and concepts that everyone is familiar with.
Wow, this is amazing! Very well done. 👍🏻 I like the collaboration.
If only my teachers were so intuitive and engaging, more people would be more educated with teachers like these guys
I like MinutePhysics and Veritasium complimenting each other. 2 great UA-camrs working towards the goal of knowledge together.
This is sooo good in comparison with all other explanations of magnetism i've encountered
Ahhh, I miss minutephysics so much. I don't know why I love this channel so much but seriously, it's fantastic.
So magnetism is Domain Expansion, got it
- How do magnets work?
- Well, Aunt Minnie is in the hospital.
I don't know how to thank u guyzzz..... I've been searching for such video with such superb and clear explanation
Absolutely beautiful explanation I loved it
I love the explanation so much that it's indescribable.
Really want another Collab
Probably, the best channel about science on UA-cam!
5 years later! & This video perfectly brings back the sense of nostalgia...
Déjà vu
I really, really, really like the style of these mixed videos.
Just great work. I wish everybody explained things this clearly. Thanks so much.
See this is why I love quantum physics and general relativity, its when you understand the physics is when your head starts to spin, not when you don't understand it ;)
Amen, brother :)
But which way does it spin relative to the person's head next to you and does that create a magnetic field or just an anomaly in the space/time continuum?
With you
InsideOfMyOwnMind It will spin in the opposite direction regardless of how far away they are from one another, assuming the two heads are quantumly entangled
What is Quantum theory is
After watching this video, i still don't know how magnets work.
That's ok. Nobody does. :D
somastic69 its a miracle
Electrical fields and relativity.
Or in other words: They just do
all just observations sadly, but we still have not observe the actual phenomeno
this video was more gee-whiz obfuscation than explanation.
This is such an awesome collaboration
I remember watching the video back when it released just because it was fun to watch this stuff and flex with my friends that i knew all this but now , 6 years later , i watch this to actually help me in my high school exam
When Veritasium appeared, i was like: ,,shit's gonna get complicated!"
4:25 that map is lit af
Brilliant, you helped me a lot with this topic
Thank you so much for explaining this in such an easy to understand way ✌
0:02 The wood actually did move
That's what I was thinking lol
TECHNICALLY since we're in a physics class anyway the wood next to the wood does actually do something just not noteable because all things react gravitationally with eachother no matter how small and insignificant it might be
Gravitational force is the weakest force out of the four.
In7enseCA But that doesn't justify us oppressing it CHECK YOUR QUANTUM PRIVILEGE!!!
Kent I'm just saying that the gravitational force is extremely weak
In7enseCA I was being sarcastic and making fun of politically sensitive people :P
The woods are not getting closer because the earth’s gravitational force exceeds that of the woods’.
THANK YOU SO MUCH this video show me a lot of data in what magnets are for my science project!! 😃
Thanks for having subtitles
Stuck in a loop...
Has this comment brought you back into the loop? Muahahahaah
Well, thanks a lot Derek and Minute Physics-like, honeslty, I am currently a student who is in 12th, and this was something that just made me visualize very vividly what all I was studying. Like, I could understand that, but this gave me the FEEL of the Concept. So yes, thanks from the Bottom of my heart!
Happy Teachers day!U r one of my most important teachers!!!
Finally I found a video about this that somewhat goes in depth, I kept having questions about those things.
It's funny, they actually taught us in middle school the sequence of how electrons occupy the different shells in an atom, but they never told us what it means.
I am so totally jazzed about how minutephysics, Veritasium, Vsauce, ASAP Science, and the rest of this genre of UA-cam videos are starting to piggy back off each other like this.
a lot of youtubers play games with each other though
This video is amazing! Great job!
Wow man I am just filled with joy , thanks a lot for this beautiful video
You guys make physics so much fun! Love your work ❤️❤️
4:38 "Morning! Nice day for fishing ain't it?! Hu ha!"
Hello adventurer.
Welcome to honeywood
this video made me audibly gasp and open my mouth in awe after 19 years of not knowing how these work. thank you even after 10 years
I learnt many things .
Superb video sir ..
I also like your channel .
You deserve more subscribers .
MIRACLES
While MinutePhysics truly is remarkable and I did learn a lot from this, I’m pretty sure I’ll forgot this soon due to the UA-cam Effect. So I hope I can do all of us a favour( including myself) by giving all of you a summary of this video. To make is relate as much as possible, I did it in the manner of question-answer:-
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MAGNETISM:-
Required Knowledge:
1. What are magnets?
2. Behavior of magnets?
3. A basic(even if it may be limited) understanding of quantum mechanics.
Summary:-
Magnets behave as they do due to the fact that they extend magnetic fields out beyond the object.
Question 1: Where do magnetic fields come from?
Answer: Magnetic and electric fields are different aspects of the same thing( two sides of the same coin; especially as a result of an ingenious solution in special relativity[in Veritasium’s video]) i.e. they can be transformed into one another by way of motion causing electric fields to turn into magnetic fields for moving charged particles.
This explains many things we see in nature but something is still not quite good in our understanding.
Question 2: Iron and other metals are pieces of metal, what causes them to behave ‘magnetically’?
Answer: This is the first part of quantum mechanics helping us. Atoms have electrons moving in them. This is a particle with a property known as intrinsic magnetic moment which is a technical term for explaining that particles also behave as very “tiny magnets”. The reason behind why this happens is unclear(we don’t know it).
Atoms consist of protons with electrons revolving around them. So we have another question from this observation(a subpart to this the answer of this question).
Question 2.1: Are atoms also tiny magnets?
Answer: Yes. Atoms generate magnetic fields called orbital magnetic fields. But these don’t contribute due to the overall nature of magnetic fields in an atom. This is the second point where magnetic fields help us. Electrons are described in 4 sets of ‘objects’ in quantum mechanics-Principal shell, angular quantum number, magnetic quantum number and spin. We are interested in the last 2 for answering this question. We can use these 2 ‘objects’ to justify reasons for atoms
1. In filled shells, electrons move around in all directions causing current to cancel out thereby not generating any magnetic fields.
2. Electrons come in pairs(Pauli Exclusion Principle) with their intrinsic magnetic moment(remember ‘tiny magnet’) pointing in opposite directions( have opposite spins) thereby cancelling out each other.
But this is only the case for fully-filled shells(having electron pairs and opposing spins). In half-filled shells, electrons are unpaired. This intrinsic magnetism in the outer shells which gives atoms a majority of its magnetic field.
But chromium(having a half filled shell) isnt magnetic. This is another question!
Question 3: Why isn’t chromium magnetic?
Answer: This is due to the fact that there is a bigger scale to look at when considering this special case:Crystals. When atoms get together, they can either align their magnetic fields with each other or in the opposite direction. This is decided by whichever is the most stable.
This gives rise to the final piece of information to understand the nature of magnetic fields.
Question 4: Isn’t is possible for a group of atoms to have a set of atoms lining one way and another set another way?
Answer:Yes but one can apply magnetic field/force/pressure strong enough to create a sort of control over the other group of atoms causing sort-of magnetic behavior.
Conclusion(TL;DR): Magnetism is a fundamental( and beautiful) result of quantum mechanics.
This was a summary, I hope it helped you all out. If it did, I’m happy. But you can make me ever more happier by answering this question. Something I got out of natural curiosity.
Question BONUS: Is the behavior of magnetism and the intrinsic magnetic moment a reason for opposite spins and the existence of the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
Thanks!
Perfect collab!
This is the best explanation I have ever heard! I had to subscribe right away.
Just one question: what are the actual magnetic lines of force made of ? I have heard they were photons, but I don't understand how that's possible.
Fucking magnets, how do they work??
every electron has a force when all are pointing in one direction they form a magnet. Molecules are always bombarding their neighbors in a solid but elections also linger in and out of each orbit. The concentration of this dictates the positive and negative force based on the direction of the pull.
1:50 "no one knows"
3:50 - Is there another video expanding on what determines the energy required for atoms to line up in consistent vs. alternating magnetic fields?
I can assume that it has something to do with the shape of a molecule (like O2, rather then just O - if metals even has molecules); or, with likelihood of a metal to make molecules with any other atoms to cause some impurities in crystals and ore (like oxides, etc.).
So, the crystal structure is geometry-dependent, is what I'm saying; and that geometry is surely molecular.
Best collaboration ever!!!
Amazing. Loved it. Thanks for sharing.
1:57 “No one knows.”
Rare honesty from a science video.
Ok bubby
The answer is probability.
Ether theory people know. "quantum". Mechanics are terrible attempts to day the same stuff ether theory explained correctly for thousands of years
Yeah delving into quantum mechanics, there's a surprising amount of stuff we just dont know how it works. Things just are and we see them being as such, but we can't explain why.
Your comment is a dangerous load of rubbish. Any scientist talking about the scientific method will explain that science is a continusl quest to better explain things rather than prove them and that there are lots of things it doesn't know.
0:59 "or are they?" and you hear music from Vsauce..
Now I am subscribed to you as well along with veritasium.
Excellent video. My first course in electromagnetism used the popular textbook by Purcell which first establishes electrostatics and then shows how magnetism arises from special relativity and the fields of moving charges. All well and good, but it glosses over the fact that not all magnetism is explained this way, and that quantum mechanics is involved at a fundamental level in explaining the intrinsic properties of magnetic materials.
knew i could cuont on you! i literally said 'veritassium must have covered this'! & here i am. w/more answers.
Fuckin magnets how do they work
nice reference boi
through miracles
TheProudProcrastinator they're all around us you don't even know it
phuck you!
+TheProudProcrastinator IM REALLY HOPING THAT IS A HOMESTUCK REFERENCE...
I love you two together. Keep it up. Not always of course. When you talk you answer questions you wouldn't answer other wise.
This is so beautiful 😭, better than my phisics university class
Glad to the the number of crushed Juggalo dreams has increased to 336. Go minutephysics!
MIRACLES!!
COULD YOU MAKE A VIDEO ON MONOPOLE MAGNETS ??
Amal Jood Ha ha ha. Good one.
sucik man If you can read this and understand why the electric and magnetic dipoles are different, you will be halfway to a physics degree.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_monopole
+sucik man An unpaired electron, of which the magnetism of permanent magnets arises, has its electron magnetic dipole moment parallel with its intrinsic quantum mechanical spin. I.e. there is a direction, i.e. it is a dipole. Not a monopole.
Monopole magnet do exist??
Love this collab
More than physics, love your unique and cool way of explaining physics 😄😍❤