I am a person in a small shop. What is most heartfelt to me, is that I repair things that are seemingly impossible, like this, on a regular basis. I work with metal, and plastic on a regular basis. After a few tears, I finally have the faith of the guys that work with me. They have come to me and say, Dan, what kind of magic do you have for this? To all of you novices out there, the one route to success I can tell you, NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE. Give yourself some time, watch the oddball videos like this one, and LEARN. Nothing is impossible. You can repair ANYTHING, even electronics!
Блин, сверление без смазки, рукава по колено у токарного станка, за один проход под хорошим углом снимает такой слой металла, как ты ещё жив, кто ты воин?! Дай бог тебе здоровья 🤝
Ещё порадовала наплавка толщиной сантиметра в 3 на вал и заплавка отверстия во фланце без какого-либо контроля, хотя под циклическую нагрузку ЦД не делать уж точно грех. Ну и сам шов не факт, что с полным проплавлением, щель изнутри даже не пытались разделать нормально, зато сколько поверх навалили...
Вынужден Вас огорчить .В сельских мастерских , мы уже пролетели мимо них значительно ниже.И падение продолжается.Токарей,сварщиков ,слесарей уничтожают как ненужных.Кнопкотыки рулят.
@@Отпростогоксложному-о1в возможно, я не из россии. У нас эти чистые классы давно вымерли а разряды ушли в нибытье вместе с ссср. Все идет к универсальности. Чем больше 1 человек выполняет разных операций тем более он востребован
@@dimazzz8617 Ну а мы в России со скоростью локомотива летим к лаптям ,онучам и боярам на дорогих авто .А универсальность и инициатива по очереди любят инициатора в изощренной форме.Ну а в целом падаем.Всего Вам доброго.
@@Отпростогоксложному-о1в ем... что за бред к каким лаптям? Если ты деградируешь то это не означает что все деградируют! Сейчас человеческий труд заменяют на машинный ибо а)дешевле б) точность и в) работа 24\7
@@ИсламТамбиев-и6е тут вопрос что же дешевле: поставить одну деталь по цене в три-пять раз превышающую стоимость подобного ремонта или каждый месяц в гараже оплачивать этот ремонт и терять деньги на простоях грузовика.
See I get that but, it's not their materials it's the techniques and lack of training, I mean the guy didn't use one drop of oil the whole time that hub was on the lathe, they probably go through tools like crazy with not knowing how to use them properly.
@@kielbasa.sausage I know they didn't. No dial indicator either. They needed the truck to go, so they did what they could with what they had. I ve done repairs on trucks(semi's) on the side of the road, in parking lots, in the dark,rain, snow,ect. I didn't always have the "proper pieces" for the repair so I do what I can to get it back to the shop, just like these guys did. They didn't give up. Even though it wasn't perfectly done- they got it rolling again. You've got to admire that my friend.
These videos are some of the scariest shit I've ever seen. How screwed will it be when the shaft breaks off the end. The other video of resurfacing a pressure plate with welded or brazed cracks. That will come apart and scatter everywhere, maybe kill or mame someone.
@the dude you can have whatever opinion of the job you want. I don't care. I said I thought they did an excellent job on it for what they had to work with,that's all. Look around. There's lots of substandard repairs going on in our country too. If the axle breaks again, it's inside a housing. Remember it already broke once. Yes, I still admire the repair for what it's worth. I also know it would take a replacement axle to repair it right. At least their not sitting there crying about it. They did what they could.
I have to give a big thumbs up to all the welders mechanics machinists in these videos. Your repairs are a credit to you all. In a world where most of us are willing to throw it away and get a new one. You boys are clever hard working people who keep the wheels turning God bless you. Best wishes from jonsey south Wales gb.
You must not weld items in the lathe with the earth clamp on the lathe body. Doing this will damage the bearings in the head stock of the lathe as the current will be arching across the small contact areas of the bearing The same rule applies to all autos and plant always clamp direct to material being welded
I also wrote this on another video some weeks ago. Also important on motorcycles. If the headlight and the indicators aren't properly grounded, the current will pass through the steering head bearings and that will ruin them pretty quick.
Суровый мастер, маслом не смазывает и даже не охлаждает, когда такой большой диаметр сверлит. Стружку тоже по полмиллиметра снимает. А уж наваривать сломанную полуось - вообще песня. Центровка и балансировка - о таком они вообще не слышали. Такой ремонт - это очень не на долго. Видно же, что металл не однородный.
Мля чувак ты вкурсе сколько их населения? Вкурсе что у них до сих пор кастовая система классов? Вкурсе что один туалет по статистике если не путаю гдето на 20 или больше семей?
The problem with such shaft repairs is. that because it looks so good, it does not mean it is very good. Metal suffers from metal fatigue and the work function on that shaft after years of operation would have " worked the metal" at some distance away from where the axle broke, and this is memorized by the shaft. The manner in which he welded on the end of that broken shaft to fill it in before he inserted it in the coupling disc, was rather naive of the granular makeup of that region. Just because one welds some metal on a broken shaft to make up for the missing metal, that sort of cosmetics would look good, but the joint is lacking strength, the old metal has been suffering fatigue and that will not be corrected by simply welding on it a lump of new metal, with a cold weld. The stresses involved are enormous and that shaft is not simply malleable iron but good steel which needs good preparation and good controlled cooling after welding. One needs to know the phase diagram of that metal and its heat treatment to " rejuvenate it! Still, the actual workmanship is good but the higher-order engineering is very lacking. Those trucks are overloaded most of the time and it is a reasonable temporary repair for a cargo truck that does not travel at high speed on a fast motorway with other cars around. Still, these people are to be admired for their intelligence and ingenuity, but let us hope that we do not see repairs like that on a shaft used in aircraft carrying passengers.
Yes ,when I first saw it a lot also went through my mind,but I see his welding shield and no gloves and realize it's the best your going to get in this part of the world.
Was thinking about the fatigue and welding stresses too. Agreed, it's amazing work for the tools they have. A nice surface finish on that inside radius would go a long way in preventing it from breaking in the exact same spot. Perhaps they did that after the video
@@offinthehaed I've been welding for close to 50 yrs. if you have for 40 with no gloves and sun screen life probably has so surprises for you! All you young guys protect yourself and look after yourself cause you are the only one that will.
@@offinthehaed this axle doesn’t sit in any bearing, the hub does. These just drive the rotation of the hub. But it also keeps them from seeing the weight of the truck, they don’t support the load, only accelerate the truck.
A true civilization keeps getting better, progression of technology. These guys are true master craftsmen but held back by their government. Imagine putting these same guys behind state of the art CNC machines they could make, fix anything.
Для них достаточно. Смотрел экпериментаторов в по Российскому каналу так вот там сваривали жигулевский кол.вал лопнутый и как не странно она ходила, более того они этот движок насиловали так что думали вылетят поршни, но нет он выдержал.
@@ТалгатМ-г1ы однажды, выкидывая коленвал непригодный коленвал от КамАЗа распилил его на две части на всякий случай, чтобы металломщики не продали его под востановление
Что тут сказать🤷♂️молодцы, не все ьак могут не все так сделают при таком не богатом оснащении мастерской, сделали можно сказать отлично, но я думаю на много этой оси не хватит, потому что внутри поры остались и нет термообработки, а так мужики класс молодцы, реально уважаю таких которые из ничего сделали чтото, респект
It's always nice to see how people repair stuff instead of replacing. Unfortunately, that axle isn't gonna last very long because of all the crack initiation points on the inner radius, as well as tension in the material from all the welding. But I suppose they will fix it again when it breaks off.
Welding outside in the wind probably makes it the best choice. Not sure how the strength will compare with original though. I thought that these axles were forged.
I'm just going to say, usually you do the last step first. It's not the best idea to weld over iron oxide and whatever other crud and dirt built up over the metal. You can actually see what looks like small voids and cracks in the welds in the final close up.(18:40)
Hoy en dia uno se encuentra con gente que dice que son mecánicos y lo que son es armadores de piezas nuevas porque solo nuevo te piden las piezas cuando se te daña , nunca se esfuerzan por ver si te reparan una pieza y ahorrate dinero y te dicen es que reparado no hay garantía, eso es una mentira, la verdad, que hacen falta mecánicos como los que mira uno en éstos videos, son personas que se les ve la empatia, la pasión y el empeño en que las cosas salgan bien desde el inicio, claro se ve que desde que toman una pieza su misión y visión es clara, es dejarlo como nuevo, wooo mis respeto para este tipo de mecánicos que se ven en este video. Felicidades desde Honduras.
@@КонстантинКузьмин-й1ьне знаю на каком вы заводе видели чтоб полуось варили , обычно на заводе полуоси делают из цельного куска металла с помощью ковки , после мех обработка и закалка.
@@АлександрЧижевский-ы4р заводчане всегда думают что только они делают правильно,но когда рядом ближайший город за км 300 люди делают что могут, и получается очень неплохо, когда нет запчасти крутишься как можешь, так что впаривать свое научное мнение никому не надо, купить готовое проще, но не всегда возможно
@@АлександрЧижевский-ы4р обратишься на завод по чему нибудь всегда нет того и другого, то опыта то ума, то желания, люди делятся опытом и это очень хорошо, в деревне на коленке можно сделать
I can say this much machine shops been shorting axle shafts like that a long time for kustoms and drag cars long before currie and strange made custom length axles still done today for odd axles
@@bourbonrenewal216 a surface deep one pass cold weld without any preheating on a large pieces of alloy axle steal. THERE IS NO WAY THAT IS BETTER THAN A SINGLE FORGED HEAT TREATED AXLE FROM THE FACTORY
Be sure to ground the part so that the lathe bearings are not damaged from arcing by carrying the arc welding load. The protection of the machine is the priority!
Sort of an old wives tale probably from the days of babbit bearings- electricity always follows the path of least resistance and an oil soaked bearing is high resistance.
At the beginning of the video you can see the shaft was repaired before. From the job done in this video it is clear the shaft will need to be repaired again. People compliment the simple tools used. Anyone can do anything wrong, especially if the expectation is that it only last a little while.
@@jonyoung6405 Originally it probably did, but welding creates a brittle area of metal known as the HAZ (heat affected zone) and if the drive flange is not mounted exactly central and perpendicular to the axle then every time it rotates it will apply a cyclic stress to this area which will quickly fatigue and fail. Those axles and drive flanges are originally forged as one piece for strength because they are highly stressed parts.
@@This_isnot_arobot probably no others in existence over there. It gives someone a job to do and they get there truck fixed. It's a lost art where people can actually use tools to rebuild stuff not jist toss it away.
Finally an intelligent comment, axle shafts are a forging for a reason, there is no way this repair is even close to the strength of the original part. Can you say repeat business!?
Сильно усложнили, после сварки прочность стала, как у пластилина, можно было просто на изоленту и жвачку приклеить и эффект был бы практически одинаковый 👍
@@АлександрДемко-ф5ц угу.. я не механик и не сварщик.. я вообще офисный работник, последний раз такими же работами увлекался на уроках труда в школе и в трудовой секции в доме пионеров.... но блин я тоже офигел как на последних кадрах видны каверны после сварки. Вся работа в жопу.
Ой мозги не парьти где вы видели по СНГ такую работу токаря ремонт перелом полуоси тока и знаем заменой,и вообще кто думает что сварка слабая вещь ошибается я удленял рамы грузовых авто вот скажу сваркой ткни там сверлом уже будет сложно просверлить под болт соединений рамы как то так.
Да. И вообще валы в автомобилестроении в основном делают из Стали 45. По технологии, надо было в начале сделать отжиг металла. А после сварки, сделать закалку и отпуск. Тогда ходила бы деталюга 100 лет. А так скорее всего при нормальной нагрузке, лопнет как раз в месте сварки.
The dude really did it with all the probably out dated equipment and yet not only he did it well it shows that he really didnt need hitec equipment to do the repair becuz he is the brain of all the measuring and precision not the out dated machines he owns ...if he only had the updated equipment imagin how 100% perfect this repair wud of been. Exelent job this guy performed with his equipment and making the best out of it👍👍👍and thst im so positive sure he did his best...no doubt.😄
This guy is basically 3D printing thr axle by hand. I love these videos and my hat is off for their skill. But I get depressed to see all that dirt, lack of protective gear, lack of respect for thr environment (all those oil spills). But, this guy is skilled. Hat off to him!
I had to do something like that recently for the clutch pedal rod on my car recently. Not as wide, but longer. Wasn't even sure that would hold. I hope this axle does!
This guys are so amazing working on their craft. How come they never work on work bench or table ? They have this great tools and always working on the ground?
An old timer in CA told me about when he worked in a US factory making heavy duty condensers for refrig units. A Korean company bought one unit. It had a broken shaft which was welded, but it still worked. Years later, the old guy told me about going to Asia, because he heard identical condenser units were being sold throughout Asia. He noticed that every unit had an identically broken axel which was welded.
I like watching these videos, iv always liked history programmes, this is early engineering still being practised in a modern world, living history if you like.
Parabéns! São "verdadeiros mestres" no que fazem... Aqui no Brasil não encontramos profissionais dispostos à esse tipo de reparo. E quando encontramos, cobram muito caro! Por motivos obveis... Aqui no Brasil, quebrou joga fora. Põem um novo. Graças aos Chineses.
I realise these guys are doing their best but a bit of a clean up BEFORE the weld, a chamfer and a preheat would help and maybe give it another month or so before it's back in the shop again. I doubt whether Kurtis from CEE would give them a job. Well done guys but just a bit more prep work needed. But, with over 6 million views in 3 months, I reckon they are the real winners here.
They really should consider a rotating ground attached directly to the work piece. Lathe bearings will not stand up to the arcing and one day the lathe will be in trouble. Also would have liked to seen more taper on both parts prior to welding...but who knows what's acceptable given roads, material availability, costs, etc...
Lol, it doesn't matter? Just because he's done it 100k times and it's worked doesn't mean it won't happen and it's the proper way. I've locked up bearings before welding. Some times you get lucky some times you make a lot more work for yourself. No way I would be welding through my lathe...
I think you should go outside USA where you can just order a new one my friend. Go out and see how things are done in other countries my friend. My respect for this masters that do this stuff
I completely agree. The last step should have been the first step. He welded over the rust and whatever other crud had built up on the broken end. You can see the voids in the welds at the 18:40 mark. Just a matter of time before it's back
Ya, this should hold for a couple minutes. Just weld right over the slag, it'll be fine. Shouldn't we chamfer both sides of the flange to get good penitration? Nah, it'll be good.
They didn't clean any oil or dirt off of it. These guys over load their trucks constantly. I give it a week to a month, before the weld cracks. And it'll probably give out one day to week after that. I could be wrong, but the guy broke the factory axle and the weld was not good. Educated assumption, says it'll break sooner rather than later.
Кажется догадываюсь почему. Нет своего производства, лишь ремонт, и металл не свой, потому что нет своей металлургии. Если было свое производство, то вот так вот не ремонтировали. Это сломается очень быстро. Тут тогда лучше хотя бы использовать 3D принтер и то, это деталь будет не такой, как надо после ремонта. В заводских условиях это ковка и прокатка, а тут только наварить сваркой и нарезать. Шлак даже не чистил толком, не проверил на пузыри и трещины ультро-звуком, это бытовой ремонт, не заводской. Такое в гараже делают. Но надо отдать должное, искусно.
Ustam ellerine sağlik bu emeğin hem bu dunyada hemde ahirette karșiliksiz kalmayacaktir inan bizim burda olsa bunlari hurdaya atip yenisini aldiriyorlar emek uğras yok
I love watching this being done by hand the skill is awesome. In US everything is done with machines. It would be done with a rotary welder that builds up layers. Love seeing this
Not nessesarily most of this kind of repair stuff is still done by hand with admittedly better equipment in most cases in the us. For instance every shop I've ever seen in the us has dial indicators instead of the wire on a base they were using in fact other than that a lot of small shops would go about a repair like that in the same way and with very similar equipment. in fact the equipment they actually have doesn't look like it's in that bad of shape I've worked at shops with older and more beat up equipment than that. Several even had equipment from the 60s still running barely upgraded if at all to modern technology.
Many repair machine shops do shaft weld repairs similarly (except with proper measuring instruments to reduce runout and with tooling that leaves a proper surface finish.
As a class one coded welder there is no strength in that at all. Full of slag inclusion so would never pass an xray. Was over heated so weld an all the metal around this area is now very very soft. This will snap or bend at the pressure point very quickly
@@jonskitch8082 So that makes it OK to do a unsafe weld job on an axle shaft? Trucks are massively overloaded to begin which is most likely why the axle snapped. Waiting for the brake rotor/drum rebuild to come next.
Well, that's another truck axle that gets to fight another day! The stuff I see done here on these videos makes perfect sense, they have no choice in many cases but to re-use bits.
@@jamesharrison8346 it would be interesting to know exactly how long it "fights". But, what do you do when labour is cheap and OEM replacement parts and materials so expensive? I've had a long career in engineering and have witnessed some amazing results from some very "sketchy" emergency repairs. So I tend not to disrespect the work these folks do.
Wow.....what a process ! Nicely done ! True artisan ! Dial indicator was a bent pointed rod ? "Necessity the mother of invention", perhaps ? Too..., did anyone catch the slag hammer handle made from chain links ? Full Service Shop ?
It could pass as a work of art, but not as a safety-relevant component of a work tool that is usually overused. Good luck to the driver of this truck, he will need it.
It was a good effort. If I turned stuff out of many of the shops I have worked in like that, I would have been fired. Also for future reference, an undercut at the base of the shaft into the plate with a large radius will add quite a bit of strength and reduce stress risers at the joint / corner.
@@paulnoorbergen3514 an area where stress is concentrated. Stress = Force / Area, thus as area reduces stress increases. Any sudden geometry change is generally a stress riser.
In South Africa we have to repair like this everyday. Shout out to all the mechanics that has to do the impossible daily to keep the world moving!!
У меня видосы про шлифовку
É isso ai cara todos trabalham com oq têm
Superharry, you must be a taxi mechanic!
@@andrewallen9993 🤣🤣 , heavy earthmoving mechanic
@@superharry557 you actually weld halfshafts together as badly as this and the repair lasts?
I am a person in a small shop.
What is most heartfelt to me, is that I repair things that are seemingly impossible, like this, on a regular basis.
I work with metal, and plastic on a regular basis.
After a few tears, I finally have the faith of the guys that work with me.
They have come to me and say, Dan, what kind of magic do you have for this?
To all of you novices out there, the one route to success I can tell you, NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE.
Give yourself some time, watch the oddball videos like this one, and LEARN.
Nothing is impossible.
You can repair ANYTHING, even electronics!
This guy is amazing
Makes his own way
To make it right again.
Where most
WOULDN'T KNOW WHERE TO START.
TOP OF HIS FIELD 👋
This is crazy good😃. Im laughing how he bangs when still attached, I do this amateur level. Love it
I think you didn't need to grind internal cornice, strength is more important than appearance. After grinding strength of welding decreases.
M0
Llllllll
Блин, сверление без смазки, рукава по колено у токарного станка, за один проход под хорошим углом снимает такой слой металла, как ты ещё жив, кто ты воин?! Дай бог тебе здоровья 🤝
Тк там трещина ещё на диске
M990 o.o
Ещё порадовала наплавка толщиной сантиметра в 3 на вал и заплавка отверстия во фланце без какого-либо контроля, хотя под циклическую нагрузку ЦД не делать уж точно грех.
Ну и сам шов не факт, что с полным проплавлением, щель изнутри даже не пытались разделать нормально, зато сколько поверх навалили...
А ещё сварка в станке, без зажима на детали,ток от сварочника через прецизионные подшипники станка проходит.Трешак
Ни кого не смутило что коробка передач у станка на сухую работает?
These men show a lot of pride and care of their shop and work. Old machine’s but clean and well kept. Bravo.
Lol
What you mean, by clean ???
DID WE WATCH THE SAME VIDEO ?
we have different opinions on what is "clean" it seems
Wouldn't let them touch a bicycle for me, had too many years working overseas with this kind ?????
I am blown away how creative these men are with minimum tools . We toss out so much good stuff .
Minimum tools? A metal lathe is hardly minimal...
I mean. Kudos to them it's all they've got but this repair isn't exactly.. Something you'd want on your car.
Facts reusing resources
That lathe cost more than the average car
Now he had a bigger one! Is that a 20in chuck. That chuck cost more than my escape guaranteed
молодцы отличная работа👍👍
благодаря вам я понимаю что у нас не все так плохо, есть еще куда падать
Вынужден Вас огорчить .В сельских мастерских , мы уже пролетели мимо них значительно ниже.И падение продолжается.Токарей,сварщиков ,слесарей уничтожают как ненужных.Кнопкотыки рулят.
@@Отпростогоксложному-о1в возможно, я не из россии. У нас эти чистые классы давно вымерли а разряды ушли в нибытье вместе с ссср. Все идет к универсальности. Чем больше 1 человек выполняет разных операций тем более он востребован
@@dimazzz8617 Ну а мы в России со скоростью локомотива летим к лаптям ,онучам и боярам на дорогих авто .А универсальность и инициатива по очереди любят инициатора в изощренной форме.Ну а в целом падаем.Всего Вам доброго.
@@Отпростогоксложному-о1в всего вам доброго.
@@Отпростогоксложному-о1в ем... что за бред к каким лаптям? Если ты деградируешь то это не означает что все деградируют! Сейчас человеческий труд заменяют на машинный ибо а)дешевле б) точность и в) работа 24\7
А мне кажется, что они это снимают не для того, чтобы ставить на машину, а чисто в целях создания контента. На просмотрах заработают больше.
Это опасно ставить куда-либо
Видно не первый раз уже переварена. Но они эксплуатируют технику с перегрузом, и не новая та техника.
Да у них денег на запчасти нет или может самих запчастей. Вот и делают ,что могут и как умеют.
@@ИсламТамбиев-и6е тут вопрос что же дешевле: поставить одну деталь по цене в три-пять раз превышающую стоимость подобного ремонта или каждый месяц в гараже оплачивать этот ремонт и терять деньги на простоях грузовика.
good content sir
Техника безопасности на уровне нас миллиард одним больше одним меньше все равно.
Работают на корточках, едят на корточках и т. д...
Папуасы блин
Поэтому у них в стране тисячи гибнут на дорогах за день. Не удивлюсь если этот вал оторвёт на каком то автобусе через месяц.
Не чего вы не шарите там гнутый электрод всё решает😁😁😁
That "gauge dial" on that 4 chuck 😂
Dorud...Afarin bar shoma ostad tarashkar.besyar karetan aali bood.I'm from Iran.keshvar doost va baraadar pakistan zendeh baad👍🌹
This is what Mechanics/Fabricators do when parts aren't available. Separates the men from the boy's. Great job guys!!👍👍👍
See I get that but, it's not their materials it's the techniques and lack of training, I mean the guy didn't use one drop of oil the whole time that hub was on the lathe, they probably go through tools like crazy with not knowing how to use them properly.
@@kielbasa.sausage I know they didn't. No dial indicator either. They needed the truck to go, so they did what they could with what they had. I ve done repairs on trucks(semi's) on the side of the road, in parking lots, in the dark,rain, snow,ect. I didn't always have the "proper pieces" for the repair so I do what I can to get it back to the shop, just like these guys did. They didn't give up. Even though
it wasn't perfectly done- they got it rolling again. You've got to admire that my friend.
These videos are some of the scariest shit I've ever seen. How screwed will it be when the shaft breaks off the end. The other video of resurfacing a pressure plate with welded or brazed cracks. That will come apart and scatter everywhere, maybe kill or mame someone.
@the dude you can have whatever opinion of the job you want. I don't care. I said I thought they did an excellent job on it for what they had to work with,that's all. Look around. There's lots of substandard repairs going on in our country too. If the axle breaks again, it's inside a housing. Remember it already broke once. Yes, I still admire the repair for what it's worth. I also know it would take a replacement axle to repair it right. At least their not sitting there crying about it. They did what they could.
@the dude well dude, why don't you fly on over there and educate them? Why waste my time. Go show them how.
по виду уже была сварена.толку от такого ремонта ноль.просто нравиться энтузиазм и уверенность этих мастеров.
Зато у них работа есть всегда ))
لوكان صفر ماتعبو هكذا
@@razikrazik8477 не взрывай тут ничего
@@golem2002 😂
Ничего ты не понимаешь, соберут и продадут какому нибудь лоху, пустая и при асфальту пару км проедет
Вот так при помощи "палки и веревки" можно иметь свою устойчивую экономику!
I have to give a big thumbs up to all the welders mechanics machinists in these videos. Your repairs are a credit to you all. In a world where most of us are willing to throw it away and get a new one. You boys are clever hard working people who keep the wheels turning God bless you. Best wishes from jonsey south Wales gb.
ساری محنت عینک والے استاد کی ہے ۔ بہت خوب
The more I watch of these vids the more impressed I become.👏…..and well filmed.
When labour and materials are cheaper than replacement parts, this is just what you do!
Одни коленвал варят,другие привода, ну у этих хоть колумбик есть, Я хочу чтобы они собрали машину из тех деталей которые они делают 😂
Я бы тоже глянул бы . Неужели вареную полуось на грузовике не свернёт?
Там каждый грузовик из тех деталей которые они делают, и ходят, ещё и с башенными перегрузами
Pésimos arreglos
Их братухи, машину плетеную из веток делали, так что думаю собирут:)
🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
You must not weld items in the lathe with the earth clamp on the lathe body. Doing this will damage the bearings in the head stock of the lathe as the current will be arching across the small contact areas of the bearing
The same rule applies to all autos and plant always clamp direct to material being welded
It was said many times. They just don't learn.
I agree ,made my comment before I saw yours
I also wrote this on another video some weeks ago.
Also important on motorcycles. If the headlight and the indicators aren't properly grounded, the current will pass through the steering head bearings and that will ruin them pretty quick.
The stoneage is near ! Ha Ha
Entirely agree. They will learn the hard way.
Видел бы это наш токарь Семёныч с завода , слёг бы с инфарктом 😁
Суровый мастер, маслом не смазывает и даже не охлаждает, когда такой большой диаметр сверлит. Стружку тоже по полмиллиметра снимает. А уж наваривать сломанную полуось - вообще песня. Центровка и балансировка - о таком они вообще не слышали. Такой ремонт - это очень не на долго. Видно же, что металл не однородный.
Да ты что, их жалко лично мне, они в темноте незнания, реально жалко их и тех у кого эта штука из раза в раз ломается
А может смазывает это видийо укароченыйже
Вроде центровал ты повнимательне посмотри
Наверное нет не хрена, да работают за копейки
Мля чувак ты вкурсе сколько их населения? Вкурсе что у них до сих пор кастовая система классов? Вкурсе что один туалет по статистике если не путаю гдето на 20 или больше семей?
Ни условий, ни технологий, но парни реально мастера своего дела, и токаря и сварщики и инженеры. Нам бы таких на АвтоВАЗ.
Как раз также у нас рукожопы и работают на автовазе, придурок ты
На автовазе такие же рукожопы. Из говна и палок как говорится))
I love the way this man just uses a bent piece of wire instead of a dial indicator to centre the work in the chuck
It's called a surface gauge.lol
+-1 thou, +-1/16 inch, what's the difference right?
Every old machinist I have ever known uses a wire like that to get it very close and then would switch to a dial indicator on high precision stuff.
It has a calibration sticker under it. LOL
There's a very wide tolerance on truck parts.......
Смотрю и радуюсь что у нас не так плохо .
The problem with such shaft repairs is. that because it looks so good, it does not mean it is very good. Metal suffers from metal fatigue and the work function on that shaft after years of operation would have " worked the metal" at some distance away from where the axle broke, and this is memorized by the shaft. The manner in which he welded on the end of that broken shaft to fill it in before he inserted it in the coupling disc, was rather naive of the granular makeup of that region. Just because one welds some metal on a broken shaft to make up for the missing metal, that sort of cosmetics would look good, but the joint is lacking strength, the old metal has been suffering fatigue and that will not be corrected by simply welding on it a lump of new metal, with a cold weld. The stresses involved are enormous and that shaft is not simply malleable iron but good steel which needs good preparation and good controlled cooling after welding.
One needs to know the phase diagram of that metal and its heat treatment to " rejuvenate it!
Still, the actual workmanship is good but the higher-order engineering is very lacking. Those trucks are overloaded most of the time and
it is a reasonable temporary repair for a cargo truck that does not travel at high speed on a fast motorway with other cars around.
Still, these people are to be admired for their intelligence and ingenuity, but let us hope that we do not see repairs like that on a shaft used in aircraft carrying passengers.
Its a dirt poor country,they gotta do what they gotta do.
Yes ,when I first saw it a lot also went through my mind,but I see his welding shield and no gloves and realize it's the best your going to get in this part of the world.
Was thinking about the fatigue and welding stresses too. Agreed, it's amazing work for the tools they have. A nice surface finish on that inside radius would go a long way in preventing it from breaking in the exact same spot. Perhaps they did that after the video
@@offinthehaed I've been welding for close to 50 yrs. if you have for 40 with no gloves and sun screen life probably has so surprises for you! All you young guys protect yourself and look after yourself cause you are the only one that will.
@@offinthehaed this axle doesn’t sit in any bearing, the hub does. These just drive the rotation of the hub. But it also keeps them from seeing the weight of the truck, they don’t support the load, only accelerate the truck.
A true civilization keeps getting better, progression of technology. These guys are true master craftsmen but held back by their government. Imagine putting these same guys behind state of the art CNC machines they could make, fix anything.
Or they would get lazy and complacent and start to rely on the technology. Lol... 🤷🏾♂️😁👍🏾
Im a maschinist so i Work with both lathe's Like the one in the Video and High Tech CNC mills and this is extremely sloppy Work
Это будущее нашей страны... 😁
это вряд ли. не зря в русском языке у работы корень "раб". так что будем вымирать бездельничая
Покажите сколько она проходит после этой технологии ремонта! Очень интересно!
Для них достаточно. Смотрел экпериментаторов в по Российскому каналу так вот там сваривали жигулевский кол.вал лопнутый и как не странно она ходила, более того они этот движок насиловали так что думали вылетят поршни, но нет он выдержал.
@@ТалгатМ-г1ы однажды, выкидывая коленвал непригодный коленвал от КамАЗа распилил его на две части на всякий случай, чтобы металломщики не продали его под востановление
блядь на камазе в поле с телегой......и пиздец сразу такой полуоси....))))
@@ВЛАДИМИРКАРТАШОВ-й4в они эти Камы грузят по 40т посмотри видео как они рессоры увеличивают и усиливают рамы
@@keent01 у нас в красноярском крае с перегрузом серьезно....можно налететь на штраф .полуоси летят в основном в поле на уборочной
Что тут сказать🤷♂️молодцы, не все ьак могут не все так сделают при таком не богатом оснащении мастерской, сделали можно сказать отлично, но я думаю на много этой оси не хватит, потому что внутри поры остались и нет термообработки, а так мужики класс молодцы, реально уважаю таких которые из ничего сделали чтото, респект
It's always nice to see how people repair stuff instead of replacing. Unfortunately, that axle isn't gonna last very long because of all the crack initiation points on the inner radius, as well as tension in the material from all the welding. But I suppose they will fix it again when it breaks off.
Что такое напряжение металла от сварки?)))
Nice job. Didnt expect it to be done with a stick welder!
Its the axle fuse..
Welding outside in the wind probably makes it the best choice. Not sure how the strength will compare with original though. I thought that these axles were forged.
I'm just going to say, usually you do the last step first. It's not the best idea to weld over iron oxide and whatever other crud and dirt built up over the metal. You can actually see what looks like small voids and cracks in the welds in the final close up.(18:40)
Love watching these videos even though I know the repair probably won't hold up any longer than it takes to watch a Mad Max video.
Anyone else notice how ridiculously clean that machine is???
How badly do you maintain your machines?
@@angrydragonslayer ... I think the point is how the machines and tools are spotless and the building itself is falling down.
@@rupe53 gotta look after the money making machines. They got better tools then some shops here. That's a huge lathe
@@DanielSan-ch7dr ... yup, it's a nice piece of machinery, but I'm sure it's older than me and I'm retired.
@@DanielSan-ch7dr "huge lathe" nah that's only a little lathe
These people are intelligent and the fact that there is young apprentice around is awesome.
Hoy en dia uno se encuentra con gente que dice que son mecánicos y lo que son es armadores de piezas nuevas porque solo nuevo te piden las piezas cuando se te daña , nunca se esfuerzan por ver si te reparan una pieza y ahorrate dinero y te dicen es que reparado no hay garantía, eso es una mentira, la verdad, que hacen falta mecánicos como los que mira uno en éstos videos, son personas que se les ve la empatia, la pasión y el empeño en que las cosas salgan bien desde el inicio, claro se ve que desde que toman una pieza su misión y visión es clara, es dejarlo como nuevo, wooo mis respeto para este tipo de mecánicos que se ven en este video. Felicidades desde Honduras.
До первого серьёзного рывка.... И дальше всё по новой😂
Думаю и серьёзный рывок не понадобится.
А вы думаете что на заводе делают по другому? Заблуждаетесь, такая же сварная конструкция, только здесь ремонт а там новье
@@КонстантинКузьмин-й1ьне знаю на каком вы заводе видели чтоб полуось варили , обычно на заводе полуоси делают из цельного куска металла с помощью ковки , после мех обработка и закалка.
@@АлександрЧижевский-ы4р заводчане всегда думают что только они делают правильно,но когда рядом ближайший город за км 300 люди делают что могут, и получается очень неплохо, когда нет запчасти крутишься как можешь, так что впаривать свое научное мнение никому не надо, купить готовое проще, но не всегда возможно
@@АлександрЧижевский-ы4р обратишься на завод по чему нибудь всегда нет того и другого, то опыта то ума, то желания, люди делятся опытом и это очень хорошо, в деревне на коленке можно сделать
It would be interesting to see how long it lasted in the truck, and where it will break again
probably better than the factory
@@bourbonrenewal216 ha, you can even see the small defects in the welding job after he polished it
no way its better, in fact it's worse
Don't you dare come to us with science and numbers 😂
I can say this much machine shops been shorting axle shafts like that a long time for kustoms and drag cars long before currie and strange made custom length axles still done today for odd axles
@@bourbonrenewal216 a surface deep one pass cold weld without any preheating on a large pieces of alloy axle steal. THERE IS NO WAY THAT IS BETTER THAN A SINGLE FORGED HEAT TREATED AXLE FROM THE FACTORY
Be sure to ground the part so that the lathe bearings are not damaged from arcing by carrying the arc welding load.
The protection of the machine is the priority!
NOT IN INDIA
@@js-vm8zc LOL
Sort of an old wives tale probably from the days of babbit bearings- electricity always follows the path of least resistance and an oil soaked bearing is high resistance.
@@js-vm8zc It's Pakistan.
@@keithcoinc it's totally irrelevant what 3rd world country it is where people are expendable and a lathe is worth more than a human life
ياريت العرب كذلك اهتموا واستفاذو من الاحتلال البريطاني وغيره مثل هؤلاء اخواننا باكستان تحياتي 💚💚💚
Amazing piece of work! Great job. Greetings from the Netherlands, Ruud
muy buen trabajo, aún careciendo de herramental modeno. Son unos Genios. Saludos desde Argentina.
At the beginning of the video you can see the shaft was repaired before. From the job done in this video it is clear the shaft will need to be repaired again. People compliment the simple tools used. Anyone can do anything wrong, especially if the expectation is that it only last a little while.
The rear axle failure had nothing to do with the truck routinely being over load d and on difficult roads.
@@jonyoung6405 Originally it probably did, but welding creates a brittle area of metal known as the HAZ (heat affected zone) and if the drive flange is not mounted exactly central and perpendicular to the axle then every time it rotates it will apply a cyclic stress to this area which will quickly fatigue and fail.
Those axles and drive flanges are originally forged as one piece for strength because they are highly stressed parts.
In thé end you can see it has inpurities and will deffinitly crack again
@@This_isnot_arobot probably no others in existence over there. It gives someone a job to do and they get there truck fixed. It's a lost art where people can actually use tools to rebuild stuff not jist toss it away.
Finally an intelligent comment, axle shafts are a forging for a reason, there is no way this repair is even close to the strength of the original part. Can you say repeat business!?
Сильно усложнили, после сварки прочность стала, как у пластилина, можно было просто на изоленту и жвачку приклеить и эффект был бы практически одинаковый 👍
Да это полбеды, видел на обратной стороне какие раковины... Руки оторвать оленям...
@@АлександрДемко-ф5ц угу.. я не механик и не сварщик.. я вообще офисный работник, последний раз такими же работами увлекался на уроках труда в школе и в трудовой секции в доме пионеров.... но блин я тоже офигел как на последних кадрах видны каверны после сварки. Вся работа в жопу.
Да ладно, какой ты умный, 100 лет будет ходить, хорошая работа
Ой мозги не парьти где вы видели по СНГ такую работу токаря ремонт перелом полуоси тока и знаем заменой,и вообще кто думает что сварка слабая вещь ошибается я удленял рамы грузовых авто вот скажу сваркой ткни там сверлом уже будет сложно просверлить под болт соединений рамы как то так.
Да. И вообще валы в автомобилестроении в основном делают из Стали 45. По технологии, надо было в начале сделать отжиг металла. А после сварки, сделать закалку и отпуск. Тогда ходила бы деталюга 100 лет. А так скорее всего при нормальной нагрузке, лопнет как раз в месте сварки.
I am from Guatemala and we work the same way as this people from the Middle East countries . Very similar . My respects , thank you for the video
молодцы отличная работу сделали уважаю 👍👍👍👍👍👍👐🤝
The dude really did it with all the probably out dated equipment and yet not only he did it well it shows that he really didnt need hitec equipment to do the repair becuz he is the brain of all the measuring and precision not the out dated machines he owns ...if he only had the updated equipment imagin how 100% perfect this repair wud of been. Exelent job this guy performed with his equipment and making the best out of it👍👍👍and thst im so positive sure he did his best...no doubt.😄
This guy is basically 3D printing thr axle by hand. I love these videos and my hat is off for their skill. But I get depressed to see all that dirt, lack of protective gear, lack of respect for thr environment (all those oil spills). But, this guy is skilled. Hat off to him!
I had to do something like that recently for the clutch pedal rod on my car recently. Not as wide, but longer. Wasn't even sure that would hold. I hope this axle does!
Такую эпичную ручку у молотка я ещё не видел!
This guys are so amazing working on their craft. How come they never work on work bench or table ? They have this great tools and always working on the ground?
Nice job ! 👏
"Oh Wow! It looks great! Thank you!"
"No problem! See you next week!"
Realmente son artesanos de la mecanica, cuanta pasion!
An old timer in CA told me about when he worked in a US factory making heavy duty condensers for refrig units. A Korean company bought one unit. It had a broken shaft which was welded, but it still worked. Years later, the old guy told me about going to Asia, because he heard identical condenser units were being sold throughout Asia. He noticed that every unit had an identically broken axel which was welded.
When there's no parts , ingenuity is the Mother of Invention
@@peted5217 necessity is the mother of invention
Most Exactly
Great work, love the chisel hammer with the chain😄
i love the weld camera filter, its about time someone made one
Что не говори у этого человека есть всё необходимое инструменты дай бог ему здоровья крепкого
I like watching these videos, iv always liked history programmes, this is early engineering still being practised in a modern world, living history if you like.
Parabéns!
São "verdadeiros mestres" no que fazem...
Aqui no Brasil não encontramos profissionais dispostos à esse tipo de reparo.
E quando encontramos, cobram muito caro! Por motivos obveis...
Aqui no Brasil, quebrou joga fora. Põem um novo.
Graças aos Chineses.
Nice Job
This is PAKISTAN
and love these people ❤
Молодцы ребята. Нету слов!!
This guy is a welding
Machine.
Tools and knowledge
Rule his world 🌎
Lmao
He can make a weld.
@@michaelszczys8316 lol
Is there Anything these guys can't fix? Amazing to watch! Great Job. 👍
"fix" 😂
Without any normalising of the steel where that fillet weld was done,I can pretty much guarantee that’s where that axle will snap again.
Dont worry. it will be brought back again.
@@Tirah5 100% it will. Will definitely crack on the edge of weld when it does.
It's a real possibility. Although, it looks pretty stout to me. Probably get some like out of it
@@innerverse1809 I guarantee the heat affected zone grain structure begs the differ.
В первую очередь надо поменять подшипники в ступице, или ступицу
ما شاء الله عليكم..
عمل جيد جداً..
لو تكملوا الفيديو حتى التركيب يكون أحسن..
I realise these guys are doing their best but a bit of a clean up BEFORE the weld, a chamfer and a preheat would help and maybe give it another month or so before it's back in the shop again. I doubt whether Kurtis from CEE would give them a job.
Well done guys but just a bit more prep work needed. But, with over 6 million views in 3 months, I reckon they are the real winners here.
Отличная работа, в конце бросили не аккуратно на шлицы🤣🙈👍
И электроды были наверное уони
В этих видео из Пакистана, если не бросить готовую обработанную деталь на пол, удачи не будет
Hopefully there’s no undercut on that weld on the inside that’s gonna be the new weak spot. Back up an running!
That’s a helluva job there buddy.
very nice work with old machines, they are gods of mechanics. Great, thanks for sharing.
кто бы что не говорил, руки у мужиков растут от куда надо!
They really should consider a rotating ground attached directly to the work piece. Lathe bearings will not stand up to the arcing and one day the lathe will be in trouble. Also would have liked to seen more taper on both parts prior to welding...but who knows what's acceptable given roads, material availability, costs, etc...
Wouldn't worry, I think he has done that job many times before.
Lol, it doesn't matter? Just because he's done it 100k times and it's worked doesn't mean it won't happen and it's the proper way. I've locked up bearings before welding. Some times you get lucky some times you make a lot more work for yourself. No way I would be welding through my lathe...
I thought this too, maybe they have the clamp on the spline end.. i hope
Or the lathe could be made of stainless steel which is least conductive? 🤔
44
Fico feliz em assistir seus vídeos. Parabéns são muitos bom. Brazil
At axle has probably been through that shop 6 times that year. Shining up the weld don't make it good
I think you should go outside USA where you can just order a new one my friend. Go out and see how things are done in other countries my friend. My respect for this masters that do this stuff
I completely agree. The last step should have been the first step. He welded over the rust and whatever other crud had built up on the broken end. You can see the voids in the welds at the 18:40 mark. Just a matter of time before it's back
@@magnashield8604 Somebody is going to call you a bigot for stating the obvious.
It does to the customer lol
Idiot
This repair job is outstanding!! The way they fixed that axial should last a long time. These guys are highly skilled ! Good Job!!!
This is Pakistan
Everything is possible
Proud to be PAKISTANI
That small woodpecker hammer 🔨 with chain handle, so useful 👍🏻
and cute
Вы настоящий токарь, никто так не сможет повторить такую качественную сварку, браво...
Скоро увидим видео, как ребята коленвалы-распредвалы варят 🤦😂
Эти могут
Уже есть такое видео)))
@@igoroshurko25 🤦😂
Я видел такое как колено варили.
Super bro.. True love from India..
Genios saludos desde Argentina .siempre los miro...soy metalurgico !!
Ya, this should hold for a couple minutes. Just weld right over the slag, it'll be fine. Shouldn't we chamfer both sides of the flange to get good penitration? Nah, it'll be good.
Well, they did arc-gouge out the inner part but again no real cleanup of the slag in the crevice.
Will hold just fine
They didn't clean any oil or dirt off of it. These guys over load their trucks constantly. I give it a week to a month, before the weld cracks. And it'll probably give out one day to week after that.
I could be wrong, but the guy broke the factory axle and the weld was not good. Educated assumption, says it'll break sooner rather than later.
If it breaks just weld it again
@@chestervaldes7551 if they air arced it then welded with no clean up first its junk
Кажется догадываюсь почему. Нет своего производства, лишь ремонт, и металл не свой, потому что нет своей металлургии. Если было свое производство, то вот так вот не ремонтировали. Это сломается очень быстро. Тут тогда лучше хотя бы использовать 3D принтер и то, это деталь будет не такой, как надо после ремонта. В заводских условиях это ковка и прокатка, а тут только наварить сваркой и нарезать. Шлак даже не чистил толком, не проверил на пузыри и трещины ультро-звуком, это бытовой ремонт, не заводской. Такое в гараже делают. Но надо отдать должное, искусно.
у тебя есть металургия но челы всёравно варят также и создают технику самодельную
Жизнь видать людей заниматься этим все равно при очередной нагрузке поломается
Это всё делается на авто которые уже лет 40 не выпускают видимо. Думаю есть ролик где лопнувший на пополам коленвал сваривают.
Да они же и сваривали.
@@СерегаШишкин-й5р не видел ещё.
Да первую четверть,может не прям они но тоже люди в платьях на той неделе смотрел.
Варил на мото восход -2 пацаном и ездил два года и армия ,они аптимисьы ,нам надо менять на нефть каждую загагулину
Есть, я видел
Ustam ellerine sağlik bu emeğin hem bu dunyada hemde ahirette karșiliksiz kalmayacaktir inan bizim burda olsa bunlari hurdaya atip yenisini aldiriyorlar emek uğras yok
Cool guys, hello from Russia!
Just like we did in Norway 50-60 years ago. Some details could be done different.
Скорость он технично переключает на станке 😁
Skilled Craftsman !
Where was the earth when welding in the lathe ?
I hope it wasn’t running through the machines bearings
I sure hope not but I didn't see it either......
It could have been on the the splined end of the axel I guess, but probably was through the lathe
You are really a professional,, 👍👍👍👍👍
Very good! I'm from Brazil, this type of work is well appreciated here. Tools are expensive to buy and equip a workshop..
Vai quebrar logo. Ele não deu uma limpeza nas peças antes de soldar. Estava tudo sujo. Pode ver que o aço está oco 18:40
I love watching this being done by hand the skill is awesome. In US everything is done with machines. It would be done with a rotary welder that builds up layers. Love seeing this
Not nessesarily most of this kind of repair stuff is still done by hand with admittedly better equipment in most cases in the us. For instance every shop I've ever seen in the us has dial indicators instead of the wire on a base they were using in fact other than that a lot of small shops would go about a repair like that in the same way and with very similar equipment. in fact the equipment they actually have doesn't look like it's in that bad of shape I've worked at shops with older and more beat up equipment than that. Several even had equipment from the 60s still running barely upgraded if at all to modern technology.
We also clean our materials before welding on them...
Many repair machine shops do shaft weld repairs similarly (except with proper measuring instruments to reduce runout and with tooling that leaves a proper surface finish.
As a class one coded welder there is no strength in that at all. Full of slag inclusion so would never pass an xray. Was over heated so weld an all the metal around this area is now very very soft. This will snap or bend at the pressure point very quickly
The roads are bad over there and they have a business to run.
@@jonskitch8082 So that makes it OK to do a unsafe weld job on an axle shaft?
Trucks are massively overloaded to begin which is most likely why the axle snapped.
Waiting for the brake rotor/drum rebuild to come next.
U never see these things that are weld or repaired been put in a truck I think it is staged .note there were two broken ones and he only fixed one
@@xenith0351 no its not staged, u can take my word for it..this is really how its done there
@@xenith0351 It's not staged, that IS how they do things in this part of the world...I'm so glad I'm quitting and going home.
Well, that's another truck axle that gets to fight another day!
The stuff I see done here on these videos makes perfect sense, they have no choice in many cases but to re-use bits.
Gg
Ain’t gonna fight long!
@@jamesharrison8346 it would be interesting to know exactly how long it "fights". But, what do you do when labour is cheap and OEM replacement parts and materials so expensive?
I've had a long career in engineering and have witnessed some amazing results from some very "sketchy" emergency repairs.
So I tend not to disrespect the work these folks do.
Wow.....what a process !
Nicely done !
True artisan !
Dial indicator was a bent pointed rod ?
"Necessity the mother of invention", perhaps ?
Too..., did anyone catch the slag hammer handle made from chain links ?
Full Service Shop ?
It could pass as a work of art, but not as a safety-relevant component of a work tool that is usually overused.
Good luck to the driver of this truck, he will need it.
Pakistan is full of talented and hadworking people.
I can remember being told never leave the chuck key sitting in the chuck
Never mind the lack of eye protection and loose clothing and rags laying around.
Noticed that too. I have seen plenty fly out
Pura artesanía !!!
Obra de maestros !!!!!
Dude is using a wire for an indicator 😲
Nice job 👍🏻
Micrometers are highly overrated.
Helal olsun adamlara bende kendimi usta sanırdım esas usta bunlar adam olmucak parçaları yapıyor tebrik ederim
Drop test with the thumbs up approval. THIS READY SHIP IT! 👍🙂
It was a good effort. If I turned stuff out of many of the shops I have worked in like that, I would have been fired. Also for future reference, an undercut at the base of the shaft into the plate with a large radius will add quite a bit of strength and reduce stress risers at the joint / corner.
Can you explain what you mean by the risers ,for us laymen
¹a11aq1aaaw¹aaaaaa2qqq11¹¹11¹aaq¹¹qaqa1aqqqqqqaaaaaaaaawaaaqaaqaaaaww²²wwwwWWwqaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaawèAaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
@@paulnoorbergen3514 basically just sharp corners from which cracks usually start to form
@@paulnoorbergen3514 an area where stress is concentrated. Stress = Force / Area, thus as area reduces stress increases.
Any sudden geometry change is generally a stress riser.