Etching small patterns in Glass
Вставка
- Опубліковано 1 чер 2024
- Contents:
0:00 Intro
1:00 On the risks of Hydrofluoric Acid
4:56 Buffered Oxide Etch (BOE)
6:06 Glass protection with Photoresist
7:17 Glass protection with Chromium
9:12 Laser Induced Etching (LIE, LIDE)
12:20 Smallest Tesla valves in the World. No, Universe! (As far as I can tell).
This video contains an overview of some glass etching experiments I did with Buffered Oxide Etch (HF / NH4F). Just for the record: the video is not meant as an encouragement to start experimenting with concentrated HF yourself. If the info in this video did not scare you off, please study the following webpage before proceeding. (Warning: page contains unpleasant graphics):
www.emsworld.com/article/1733...
The video contains some images and clips taken from third party webpages and other UA-cam channels. Please visit these to refer to the original content by clicking the links below. Did I forget anything? please let me know and I will set it straight.
functions of calcium in cells:
www.cell.com/fulltext/S0092-8...
function of Calcium in the nerve system:
basicmedicalkey.com/introduct...
Images of Crystal structures:
www.quartzpage.de/
www.britannica.com/topic/glas...
The delivery guy was taken from :
www.freepik.com/
I deliberately did not discuss the way Tesla valves work, but these videos do (or demo its principle, short clips were used):
NightHawkInLight: • Tesla Valve Explained ...
The Thought Emporium: • Worlds Smallest Tesla ...
The Action Lab: • This Tesla Valve Straw...
Kasper Keizer: • Large scale Tesla valv...
Integza: • Tesla Valve 3D Printed
In the video I made referrals to Lightfab and LPKF / Vitrion. I do not have any commercial ties with these companies. If the part on "laser induced etching" got you interested in their products, please visit their respective websites:
lightfab.de/
www.lpkf.com/en/industries-te...
www.vitrion.com/en/lide-techn...
a small clip of the following lightfab video was used:
• LightFabbing3D of a pl...
For an overview of AZ-photoresists you can refer to the following page:
www.microchemicals.com/produc...
The article below contains some good information on surface roughness introduced by etching
www.osapublishing.org/oe/full... - Наука та технологія
"It looks like advice you'd give to your teenage daughter before a night out."
Do not drink
Do not inhale
Avoid eye contact
Avoid skin contact
This is perfection
she looks sufficiently sexy and hightech, it's the only thing you can say to her dad to be allowed taking her on a date...
"Dont let me catch you two inhaling each other"
"Pretend boys are Hydrofluoric Acid"
Gotta love that humor! =)
Just because of that it made msubscribe
"And do they work as Tesla valves? Sure, in my opinion these look sufficiently sexy and high-tech."
Shade thrown.
Yeah, especially that in this case, they didn't work at all, because the liquid was pulled by capillary action, and not pushed by pressure difference (which is what the valve was designed for). They would probably start working, *after* the channel is full of liquid and pressure takes over as the main force.
What's the formula for the acid in that sentence?
@@EvanOfTheDarkness The point is to simply favor one direction over the other. Then it can do work as a valve. How effectively is the question. Usually not very effective at all.
@@Bubu567 My point was, that only happens after the whole valve is "wet", what you see in the video is simply the capillary action *pulling* though the liquid very fast. (Which happens at the same speed in both directions)
@@EvanOfTheDarkness in one sense it is a pressure-based action, but it is also largely due to the momentum in the fluid. Tesla valves must leak in order to function.
The Thought Emporium: "I made the world's smallest Tesla valve!"
Huygens Optics: *Hold my HF*
Hold my ouch juice
@@themonkeyspaw7359 to me ouch juice is red or white wine in a four litre bag all to myself
"gl HF"
That valve would not work. You have made paths in the opposite directions. If you used it like that, you would restrict 50% ether way.
@@icourant By putting multiple sets of bi-directional pairs in parallol , he attempted to preclude senseless naysayers that would never repeat the experiment in their lives, yet go to their graves without understanding what they saw.
In this experiment, it was shown that capillary action does not care about your tesla valve orientation, which is the sexiest, and highest-tech outcome possible. Various people will never recover from this/cope&seethe/Tesla=BTFO forever/Dom:"You never had a valve"/etc..
Well. Challenge accepted I guess.
yeee buddy
Can’t wait!
awesome ill grab the popcorn
This is hillarious. I can only imagine watching a video and out of nowhere hearing your own voice.
"I'm using helium as my microfluid because everything else is too big and I'm not playing with free hydrogen."
I think a key piece of safety advice for HF is if you're getting your safety information from youtube, do not use HF
That is indeed missing in the video. But this advice is covered in the first few lines of the video description.
@@joenicotera2991 for gods sake please go back to your safe space
@@HuygensOptics most the people who are here have heard the horror stories second hand I suspect. You did have the proper ruined hand images as well. The bit I didn't know is that you won't necessarily even feel it.
Must have a fume hood
Don’t ever use HF until you were specifically trained for it in a physical training. It’s like skydiving, you shouldn’t do it from UA-cam lessons. A lot of safety rules with HF are missing here (especially the things you need to have and do in case of exposure)
Not gonna lie, man, if _I_ had called a chemical supply company to tell them my hydroflouric acid was packaged poorly and they blew me off like that, I'd send the photos to the relevant regulatory agency. As well as every postal carrier in the country.
yup.
I had a good laugh at the "do they work as tesla valves?" .. "sure, these look sufficiently sexy and high tech"
But he didn't show them with flow in the other, restricting way^^
@@GodlikeIridium there are valves going in both directions. pause it on the frame by frame at take a peek
@@uptide1214 right, they seem to not work
@@GodlikeIridium thank you. so patronizing and his prob didn't even work otherwise he'd have shown it... unless he doesn't even know anythuing about tesla valves...
I’ve used HF a lot in the past and this is one of the best tutorials I’ve come across.
Totally agree with your comment on the hazard that the supplier is potentially exposing their delivery staff to.
I think delivery guy dosent broke twice those HF boxes.. :/
I used to buy the stuff. Work with it occasionally. Sandblasting can deliver identical results. It is more dangerous than almost anything... even cyanides. You do not realize you have been exposed until it is too late. At least the cyanides give you time to hit the isobutal nitrate before you hit the floor.
It can be mixed to make nice product for various purpose. If you do not know exactly what you are doing... do not use this stuff. Do not leave it around. Do not store it in glass. It can deliver some fabulous things, and some horrible things.
It is dangerous as all heaven and hell.
that blew me away, ive handled chemical orders, and they usually are at least sealed bags around the bottles and some padding.
I really, really appreciate the safety talk, and your awareness of the driver's safety.
Having worked in shipping security with dangerous goods, I agree with you - that packaging was horrific.
The excellent safety talk at the beginning was definitely sexier than the tesla valves.
Fascinating content once more. Thank you.
This time we diversify and not only cover optics, but Tesla valves and life advice for teenage daughters.
What a gorgeous video, thank you so much!
Regarding the tesla valve, they do not have any sense for microfluidic application. Due the very low Reynold's number of such flow, the only forces that matter here are the viscous ones (including wetting). On the other hand, the inertial forces (the only reason why tesla valve works) can be simply neglected.
that's what it looks like in his demonstration, the reversed valves flowed basically the same as the forward valves.
Wouldn't the liquid slowly move due to the brownian motion in combination with this micro tesla valve?
@@michaelnyffeler9966yes, right. The liquid will flow if you build a pressure difference at the ends of the capilar. But the action of the valve is based on the inertial motion of the liquid. At such scale most fuids (including gasses) have nearly no inertial forces compared with viscous ones. Thus the action of such tiny valve will be negligible.
"Avoid eye contact"
I hate when I catch stolen glances from my hydrofluoric acid. So awkward.
Great stuff as always! 4:36 oh wow though, that was shocking to see. Yikes! Regarding femtosecond lasers... I've been lusting after them for ages for exactly this purpose. But it's not really something you can find on the surplus market very easily. :( Maybe some day!
"Do they work as Tesla valves? Sure, in my opinion these look sufficiently sexy" hahaha, I literally laughed out loud. Great video!
> Regarding femtosecond lasers...
Build your own. But they have incredible dangers, because putting a mere 1/100th of one Joule into 10 femtoseconds means a peak power around TEN TRILLION WATTS. Any living tissue exposed to such power levels is prone to gross and subtle damage. Makes hydrofluoric acid seem like tea with grandma. Metal surfaces will flash into plasma. But of course, similar damage is why it helps with certain difficult things.
Wow the audio at 13:10 scared the hell out of me.
I nearly shat my pants
Seriously, what the fuck
It gave me a good chuckle. The Thought Emporium has such a distinct voice lol
Your video just blew my mind when you showed how perfectly beveled edges you can get because of the isotropic nature.
On the first two places i worked after getting my engineering degree they used a lot of 60% HF both places (one solar cell wafer production plant, and one Quartz purifying plant) and it was pretty scary to work on the equipment that used to contain the HF with no safety gear after it had been drained and then hosed down with water by a operator beforehand. It was always in the back of my mind, what if they had missed a spot? On the quarts factory they used 1 or 2 1000 liter containers of it each day, and when they had used it it was just dumped into the sea via a "tank" that was open for the seawater to flow in and out of. I guess it got diluted so much that there was no danger. On the solar cell factory i heard a story about one operator that got 2 drops on his neck, and they had to restart his heart 5 times on the way to the hospital. And on the Quarts factory one operator got some (probably diluted) HF running into his gloves and the skin on his hands was damaged, but he had no other problems.
Interesting stories. I guess the danger of getting it in your neck is that after absorption by the skin, it can quickly get into the main artery in your neck and quickly reach the heart. The still active fluoride can then efficiently disable the autonomous heart nerve.
Yeah, solar energy is SO GREEN, that it make people's to weges. And that was very small part of process.
imagine being a courier and having a leaky box, getting it on your fingers and sniffing it. "ey john dis stuff is well rank, smell it " *offers drenched fingers to colleague*
Smells like rotten eggs. I work in a oil refinery and this is often a by product from the refinery process.
Your videos are brilliant. You are informed in so many areas of chemistry and physics, it is just a pleasure to listen to!
How can it be that this channel has only 4k subscribers... Great Video. Thanks!
I guess it is very exclusive ;-). Personally, I like it a lot that the channel only has a limited number of subscribers, since it still allows me to answer many of the questions personally.
80.4k now.
"Do they work as tesla valves? Sure they look sufficiently sexy and high tech" and "It looks like advice you'd give to your teenage daughter before a night out". I really like your sense of humour, the dry straight delivery really works well here. I genuinely laughed out loud.
Ammount of underrated level of this channel is through the roof. Competence comparable with Tech Ingredients. I wish you milion views soon sir!
Just randomly stumbled upon this video, and the good commentary and grade a work made me subscribe instantly. 👍
Awesome stuff, cant wait to see what you do with this process in the future!
Thanks for the safety component of your presentation, very informative.
Excellent tutorial. Very nicely narrated. I miss working in the clean room!!!
4:50 I spent a short time working at a warehouse which stocked a lot of heavy duty bleaches and alcohols and unfortunately it does seem that it is very common practice for dangerous substances to be transported in completely unmarked boxes because marking the boxes would prevent them from being shippable with certain companies
Or at greater cost.
To these companies, the price of a human life is $4 in extra safety precautions. It is despicable.
Almost had a heart attack in my cube at work when the audio changed at 13:10
I actually yelled “WTF” and had people concerned that everything was ok.
same
Your channel is so awesome!
dankuwel om de gevaren van werken met HF zo duidelijk uit te leggen.
I love how we are now at a point in time where shipping hazardous materials is so common that people don't really care about the potential risks.
awesome content! great attention to detail and safety measures..
please do, make more of these! :D
Well done; excellent as always.
LOL, your Tesla valve contribution was great :)
“Sure”
God that’s a satisfying level of rigor. Thanks!!
Love your sense of humor.
If I may take a hint: Acid is very sensitive to temperature! A warm acid is 2 to 3 times faster than a cold acid. If you then use a laser to heat the acid to the point ...... the glass would then of course have to be cooled to slow down the acceleration again. You could use it to control the etching speed very precisely. Unfortunately, my experience is based only on steel molds. So next time you get into your car and see the structure on your dashboard, you will now know that these have been etched.
Fascinating as always ...cheers.
Awesome stuff as always!!
Outstanding! As always. 👍
Just when I was thinking about doing this. Awesome!
very good example how technology is limited. i was slapping my face when i realized that you would not make a glass sheet that lets through water in one way but the other.
I just learned a lot! thanks and great video!
This is great stuff, hard to come by w/o lots of research and reading. Having ground a telescope mirror in my youth, it's good to see how optics should be done.
Things I should have known in graduate school 50 years ago I had to learn from a UA-cam video!
nothing here was useful to me in particular but i have absolutely no regrets watching
it was really interesting learning about a cool/deadly acid and looking at rad etchings
Despite not having any experience in microfluidics, I'm sceptic about the properties of Tesla valves at this scale 🤔 but they are 'Tesla' so they'll be great! 😁😉
Fascinating. There are special precautions and labelling for packaging items with small batteries. For an awful nasty poisonous acid that'll eat through glass you need a cheap cardboard box.
Nasty poison that penetrates the skin and eats you inside out, so you can't wash it off as the washing liquid would have much larger molecules and won't penetrate the skin at the same rate.
Imagine a leaky bottle and a wet corner of the box...
Like what the hell!
To be shipped with Fed-Expendables only
Have you ever had a moment where you thought "this stuff is interesting, I should subscribe" just to notice you already have? Good stuff
great job huygen, i always love your video. i would love to see more about what you do with etched glass? what projects have you made that involve etching sub-mm structures?
Currently I'm building a PVD system that will greatly increase the types of structures I can make. It will be discussed in an upcoming video in detail.
I'm looking at using tesla valves for use in exhaust systems in the arctic. Cold temperatures and high winds presents serious issues with existing direct vent (aka directly out the wall rather than upwards into a roof penetration chimney) exhaust systems.
During blizzards, area's of high pressure and low pressure form around a structure. As a result, if the windward side of a building experiences greater than 60km/h windspeed, the exhaust gas will feed back into the combustion chamber of a furnace or boiler and as a result causes the incomplete combustion of fuel.
The reason that I'm looking at tesla valves is because I stayed in a unit where the kitchen vent was too close to the direct vent exhaust from the neighbouring unit. Incomplete combustion resulted in black soot and carbon monoxide making it's way via the path of least resistance into the unit I was in via a kitchen vent. It took nearly 24 hours (what's the half life of carbon monoxide?) for the smell to dissipate.
So tesla valves aren't useless. They just haven't been applied in places that they should be yet. The arctic is a great location for putting advantages of tesla valves to work. A flat exterior wall panel exhaust that makes it easier for exhaust fumes with the exhaust fan not being overcome by high wind speeds or higher cubic feet per minute pressure than a blizzard.
you just got a new fan
i need more tesla valves in my life!
For comparison, it will be interesting to see as well the capillarity effect of the Tesla valve in opposition way
Nicotine LD50 is AFAIK a very debated issue. The LD50 is apparently much higher than often reported, there is swedish snus that contains over 100 mg each.
That packaging was an absolute nightmare 😱😱😱
This is just amazing!
I think it is fair to say that HF should not be on the free market for private citizens, unless you can demonstrate you are capable of handling it. You obviously know what you are doing, no concerns there. I fully agree with your contacting the company that the packaging is totally inadequate. In case of an accident during transport criminal negligence could be claimed and no doubt would be awarded (if the poor guy survives).
Fascinating to think how the physics of Tesla valves prove them operational at nanometer scales but not at larger scales.
13:08 woah woah what the hell that sounded like how films do in cinemas.
Wonderfully "wonderful"... I have a new (renewed) respect for HF! You may have saved a life :O) Thank you. Cheers.
You are a truly awesome individual: obviously a genius; excellent teaching techniques; a humanitarian, sharing your wealth with the World.
If Tesla had had your compassion and the internet, imagine where we'd be NOW. ❤🌟👏👏👏👏👍💋🌬🥰
I keep rewatching this video periodically for the hilarious ending 😂
I worked at a chemical company in my youth. I'll never forget having to watch a Dow safety video on handling hydrofluoric acid. Dude got it on his glove and when he pulled it off...skeleton fingers...to the bone!
That shipping condition is CRAZY. Everything I get online from Carolina is packed in mica to absorb anything leaked and further packed in more mica surrounding the enclosed bags with labels all over indicating box orientation.
I have cleaned up 100’s of gallons of Hf. I have calgonate in my vehicles, desk, travel bag and home medicine cabinet.
I don’t touch Hf bottles or anything that might have previously contacted it without gloves.
Now we need high-speed camera footage through the microscope and different fluids diffusing across the valves :D
It's a really good video. Do you think it is possible to remove SiO2 glass without damaging aluminium underneath? And what about silicon nitride? Thanks in advance.
Beautiful
Super interessante videos.
do you think to try to show flow circulation with a slow mo cam ? and colored water ?
really interesting vidéo
Superb video. How is the pattern drawn in the first place at microscopic levels ?
You asked what the practical applications are . Tesla originally was using it in his electric turbo jet engine. And Pulse jets . At high frequency mechanical check valves break. The optimum frequency for his tesla turbine pump was so high that the blades self destruct. To get away from Reed valves he used the valve conduit. Modern applications . Chemical dosing in ultra tiny quantities. Using the intrinsic diode failure effect . Push a chemical in reverse and you have a extreme high regulated drip.
Huh. Opens up the world of microfluidics. Definitely more precise than the Shrinky-Dink technique I've seen in other places for DIY microfluidics.
Exceptional
The most impact thing I've know from the video is that dangerous chemicals might be delivered in such unsafe packaging... not even with a sign outside... glass and some sort of 3C product would have "This side up", "Fragile", "Do not Stake" or something like that, how come packages containing dangerous chemicals can be delivered without something similar?
Seems like a cool method to make continues flow reactors.
Amazing! Think about Nikola Tesla seeing it's valve etched in glass.. He would be pleased for sure!
I have no clue about what I just watched, but it seems high tech and fancy
Nicotine poison is not uncommon these days with vaporizer products by the way of people trying to make their own solution and they don't know what they are doing or straight up drinking/sublingually consuming the solution at least in North America.
Very interesting video though!
People used to get nicotine poisoning long before vapes even existed. My buddy got nicotine poisoning like 30 years ago from smoking cigarettes with nicotine patches on, for instance.
After the "hands photo" I decided against trying this for production processes in our shop. Wow that's some crazy stuff!
very wise decision
Incredible!
I agree - sexiest Tesla valves that we can't even see with the naked eye - which, in itself, is also a sexy concept :-)
Oh wow, I was going to try and create a fiber optic tesla valve using a 3d printer but then I stumbled across this video.
Have you tried creating a longer one and seeing if it has any optical properties on laser light? I.e. measure the wavelength & amplitude on the output side?
Would also be interesting to see the tesla valve etched into a magnetic material.
Amazing! 😅 I knew Tesla "valves" were useless! 👏👏👏 Your optics are 🤯✌👍
They're not exactly useless, there's actually a Tesla valve-like structure in the respiratory system of birds which limits the movement of air during their weird four-stage breathing, by all means it's a pretty successful structure in birds big and small and has been for a pretty long time I'd wager ha ha
You can get sheets of sapphire for fairly cheap from Shellrus that makes them for screen protectors, should you ever need to move up from quartz or boroscilicate that is.
Really interesting video, and good chapter on the HF acid.
I plan myself to handle this nasty stuff one day to delayer some integrated circuits, so it's always cool to find this kind of important informations.
Thank you.
For people wanting to do etchings in glass for arts and craft, there are alternatives to HF available, like etching creams, that are a bit safer to handle.
Check the acive ingredients: it will almost always be HF / NH4F, only in lower concentrations. However if people would take the time to read the warning labels of these, they would probably be more careful with them...
@@HuygensOptics I checked the SDS and it is ammonium bifluoride and sodium bifluoride. It's still a lot safer, as the cream doesn't give off significant amounts of vapor, and you also cannot splash it. Wearing gloves and eye protection is obviously still required, but at least you don't need a fume hood.
That is partly true, vapour will be a smaller problem. However, it still contains a huge amount of fluoride and in addition sulfuric acid. Check out the safety sheet of armour etch: www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=www.richelieu.com/documents/docsGr/117/497/1/1174971/1501299.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjF-rCUtIDvAhXF-6QKHQzGDp4QFjAAegQIARAC&usg=AOvVaw0aAyLZwd3_p5MkVqLAptVb
@@HuygensOptics I checked it. But unless you use it as a body cream or eat it with a spoon, it seems a lot safer. Mainly because there is little splash risk.
How long do you want to etch the glass? You need proper bakes with the correct resist, and id suggest changing your acid mixture.
Adhesion is also critical as you did identify.
If Tesla valves work shouldn't flow in the opposite direction be slower. Could colored liquid be used to make flow clearer?
Would it be a good idea to eat some calcium rich substances before even starting to work with HF? He mentioned Calcium Glutamate. Or is that damaging in itself?
HILVERSUM ! Greetings from Haarlem 👋😃
"Have fun tonight sweetie! Remember, no breathing!"
Well, exhaling is allowed...
Thanks for your highly impressive videos. Is this lens like a single liquid-crystal optical lens element that is used for Spherical aberration, astigmatism and coma correction?
No it's actually a kind of a diffractive lens similar like a Fresnel zone plate but then with 2 different phase levels, introduced by the height differences in the glass.
How do you apply photoresist? Do you have some special machine that does the application, or are there any special tricks to somehow do it by hand on macroscale (creating a bigger cutout and a lense to eat away the photoresist)?
cracked me up right at the end there
Edge is indeed build on chromium...
Which was a nice update that made it a better browser
wow what a flex you did there! congrats, any plans to work on something related to microfluidics? that's also a sexy and hi-tec topic :)
@huygens optics, how would you describe the smell of HF? I can't find a good description. Is it like HCl? Or acetic acid?
I think it smells a little like HCl, at one point I smelled a whiff of it. But it is not strong, maybe this is because it blocks nerve signals.