Absolutely love to hear it! Finishing this video was tough as I just sort of figured nobody would care for this kind of thing given the lack of videos discussing this topic on UA-cam. Thrilled to hear this isn't the case as I also find this stuff absolutely fascinating!
The footage quality improvement is much more pronounced on this one! Btw sad to see the incident you encountered on Patreon, hopefully you can get it back soon, but if it doesn't work out, please let us know if you need to switch to another platform, I will definitely be supporting your work there!
Thank you so much man, as always! I think the better footage is partly the camera, but also a new investment in lighting and taking your advice to film at a lower aperture (used to film everything around f/11 before you advised otherwise). Also, you're going to find this silly but I didn't realize until recently how much adjusting zoom would change the focal length, so I always used to zoom, manually focus, and then pan out before starting to record. The much bigger display on my new camera made it clear how much zooming out threw the initial image out of focus so I've stopped doing that lol. And yeah.. still waiting to hear back from Patreon.. I'll definitely update both as a post and in my next video what I plan to do next, and as always I deeply appreciate the support
@@integral_chemistry Ah right, I totally forgot I have mentioned the aperture as well, it is definitely one of the most noticeable thing that affect image quality.
@@integral_chemistry I know nilered has a fair number of his videos that were removed from youtube on Nebula, if that helps (Including his methylamine and picric acid videos). It might be worth checking them out.
Taking about orbitals and unpaired electrons is bold! You take the risk of leaving many falling by the wayside, but I personally applaud loudly. I've never been much passionate about inorganic chemistry, however this is great!
I was hoping the old addage of fortune favoring the bold would apply here, as I 100% agree. This video took way longer than I intended to actually get out as my morale was rock-bottom assuming nobody would be interested (or lose interest quickly once they started watching). That said, I'm so thrilled to see that is absolutely not the case! The view numbers are lower than usual, but the comments I've gotten show a genuine fascination I haven't seen in my own comments in quite some time which has been beyond invigorating (and validating for this often-ignored subfield of chemistry) Thank you so much for the positive feedback, and I am certainly already planning more videos in this format.
As someone who studied coordination chemistry almost 5 years ago in high school, you explained it better than any source I used back then. I did need to pause a lot to read and was sometimes distracted by the apparatus, but once I recollected some definitions and concepts, it helped massively in understanding how you synthesised these complexes. If possible, don't place the text at the extreme top and bottom edges because it gets covered by youtube's UI when I pause to read it. Great video, looking forward to see more like this!
Thank you so much for the feedback! It's great to hear it came out comprehensible as I was a bit worried that the disjointed structure I used for this video so that it could be both educational and entertaining had made it impossible to follow. Also very good note on the text placement, I did realize some pausing would likely be necessary but I totally forgot UA-cam's stupid UI doesn't disappear when you pause. Anyway thanks again and happy to hear you enjoyed it! I'll certainly be making more
Fascinating. This went a bit over my head - it's been a good number of years since my college chemistry courses (and I don't work in chem), so I'd have to rewatch this a few times to understand what all is happening - but I appreciate this sort of content! Keep it up!
I'm going to take inorganic synthesis next semester, and this feels like a good way to get my brain warmed back up to it. Forgot quite a bit from inorg and advanced inorg. This seems like a good way to both study a little, and hopefully make my brain wanna study more on my own. It always helps me get actively interested in a topic when there are fun youtube videos for me to watch about it while procrastinating on other things.
Hope it goes well! I totally relate to that btw, I really never cared about any concept in chemistry until after lab since I really needed the hands-on example for it to click. In fact, general inorganic was my lowest grade in my undergrad as it was a lecture-only course 💀
huge fan of complex chemistry. most of my knowledge is of the phytochem side of things so it was really cool to see some explanations of the fundamentals of coordination with orbitals etc
Love to hear it! It was tough getting this video out as I figured nobody would care to learn, and only really watched for the cool colors and fire. So very happy to hear that isn't the case 😁
Dunno how often you get "you're just copying Nilered" commenrs (hopefully not much), but honestly, I don't care how similar your channels are or who came first. I just love cool chemistry
I know nothing about chemistry and i dont understand the majority of the words you said but i still highly enjoy the content and this channel. It makes me want to learn more so i could understand what you are actually saying. Its fun seeing things come together.
Many thanks! I was hoping the very top-down explanation would help it be easier to understand, but also a bit worried that the lack of details would cause some confusion
Loved the video! Currently TA'ing an inorganic chemistry course on the subject, and will definitely refer to your video. You do a great job of show-and-tell with regard to the electronics. Keep up the good work 😊
Thank you SO SO much for this video. I am currently covering Coordination Chemistry/Transition Metal chemistry in my General Chemistry II course. I am going to share this with my class!! Thank you again!! - Prof. Shane
I'm happy to hear you enjoyed it regardless! I did worry it would be hard to follow if you didn't go into the video with a very solid foundational understanding of chemistry. I'll definitely keep accessibility in mind when I do my next educational-focused video
Coordination chemistry was one of my favorite subjects back in university, so I LOVE to see you make a video about It. It also reminded me some concepts I had forgotten hehehe You indeed explained very well the basics too (glad u went for the crystal Field instead of the MOs theory, that thing gave me PTSD)
@ Update, like a week after watching this video we went over coordination compounds in class. I aced the exam and I think this video definitely helped, always so much better when you can learn things in a fun way!
@@hammerth1421 The synthesis is a touch more complicated, but yeah, it's just cobalt and histidine. The _simplest_ is actually cobalt and ammonia, but I forget which combination of NH3 and H2O makes it work.
I grow crystals, and one of my faves is a 3+ cobalt - NaMg[Al,Co(C2O4)3] using a roughly 4:1 ratio of aluminium to cobalt you get a beautiful dichroic blue crystal that shifts between green and blue depending on the angle you look at the light passing through it. Makes these amazing terminated points very similiar to quartz crystals. Would love to see you synthesise this chemical and time lapse the growth of its crystals!
Glad you enjoyed it! I did notice a lack of videos on this topic here on UA-cam so I was worried it was just due to a lack of interest, happy to see that isn't the case
Thanks for the trip down memory lane, the specific lane being inorganic chemistry. I noticed you brushed past hard/soft ligands, and that's probably worth touching on if you want to teach more inorganic chemistry.
i put off taking inorganic for a while, focusing on ochem/biochem since they were my principle interests, but taking inorganic greatly strengthened my understanding of those classes and i wish i took it sooner
hehe honestly reasonable, my lowest grade in my undergrad was inorganic but I blame that on it being a lecture-only course. Definitely a lot more fun hands-on, and as much as I love inorganic nowadays I'll concede its tough to beat OChem.
@@integral_chemistryfunny enough I have never taken it but have looked at the material. My degree was more focused in biochemistry. Oddly enough never had to take it.
could i check if the diagram explaining high spin and low spin states fo Co(II) is accurate? I find it difficult to believe the 4d orbitals would be involved (unless this is an attempt to explain with hybrid orbital theory which would be inadequate I think given that the changes in color observed with different ligands would not be possible to be explained solely on atomic orbitals alone)
Yeah I'm actually glad you brought this up. As I think I mentioned in the video I wasn't able to find any literature on what the orbital diagrams for these compounds would look like and so I just drew them myself. I'm quite confident that the high and low spin diagrams I made for Co(III) are accurate, but I had a tough time with Co(II). It was in fact an attempt to make sense of the complex through orbital hybridization, as that's how I understand this material best. You seem to be well-versed here so let me know what you think, but I think there could be some likelihood that only 4 waters (or ammonias) are actually directly bound to the metal center in Co(II) complexes with the 5th and 6th being bridging ligands in the case of ammonia or waters of crystallization in the hexahydrate. Again, couldn't find any literature so It's just my best guess.
A bit of unsolicited feedback: Having rewatched this a couple of times now, and having created a certain amount of educational content (electronics design lessons streamed on twitch -- no longer available because I felt embarassed by the low quality), I think the single biggest nit I could pick here is how dense the material is and how fast you go through it. If your goal is to produce more of these videos, might be worth slowing down just a bit or putting a 5 second pause in the pivot between subjects? Supposedly gives people more time to categorize the information in working memory or something, if my psychologist friends are to be believed. It's also a good bit more work, but showing some limited animation, when possible, might be helpful. For example, the early electron pair donation discussion when explaining ligands was great, but it would possibly be even more helpful if there were some graphics showing how the electron pairs are shared? Not even sure what those graphics would look like, so obviously take this with a grain of salt, but figured it was worth mentioning. No matter what, its really a phenomenal video on a depth subject that is not really engaged with anywhere else on YT, so please keep doing what you're doing. Looking forward to donating to the cause once your patreon (or some other new platform) is up and running again!
1. Nah I use CapCut shamefully. Unlike pretty much everyone else I started on TikTok and moved here to UA-cam. Since CapCut is the standard software for TikTok its just what I'm used to now (although it kind of sucks). 2. Unfortunately not yet, I think my only other videos that exceed 20 minutes are TNT, methylamine, and potassium chlorate (and the only reason those were long is because they were long processes). I actually didn't realize until just the other day that many people actually want longer videos like this, so up until now I've gone out of my way to make my videos as short as possible.. Certainly plan to prioritize longer-form videos going forward though.
I'm not sure firsthand, but I did just read the MSDS and it says in no uncertian terms "KEEP AWAY FROM FUELS OR STRONG OXIDIZERS" and so I'm guessing it behaves just as the structure would lead you to believe lol. Thank you as aways!
I remember discussing cellulose namocrystals yeah? Or am I misremembering? I've given it a couple tries but it's giving me more trouble than I expected.. definitely still working on it
Cobalt compounds are so colorful, but unfortunately also proven carcinogens. Therefore I only work with them semi-microscale and in aqueous solution but never isolated a solid substance, because it's dangerous to inhale the corresponding dusts or aerosols. 18:14 When did you synthesize yellow bismuth vanadate?
Are they proven now? I believe you, I had just assumed they were still in the "likely carcinogen" category. Regardless I did try to be careful, I think of the group 4 transition metals (excluding Cr-6) I take the most precautions for Nickel and Cobalt, followed by Manganese as I've read it can cause neurological damage. And I actually made the yellow bismuth vanadate about 6 months ago, but I'm still waiting all this time later for my girlfriend to find the time to make all these pigments into functional paints for me before I release the final video. I may put something out early on the bismuth vanadate, though, as I find it more exciting than any pigment I've made to this point! As far as I know it hasn't been done on UA-cam and it seems like an excellent much less toxic alternative to cadmium yellow.
@@integral_chemistry Yes, cobalt and its compounds are proven carcinogens, but it's advisible to treat the suspected ones same way - just for safety reasons. Vanadates are toxic, too, but indeed not as dangerous as chromates or cadmium salts, but are proven mutagenic and therefore possibly second step carcinogens. Vanadium pentoxide is meanwhile considered to be a proven carcinogen. So all the yellow pigments you have shown here are CMRs - yellow chemistry = bad chemistry... 😉 Manganese is by far not that toxic. Yes, it might damage organs if ingested - so just don't eat it and everything will be fine. 😉 Everything else is a little bit of chemophobic hysteria. I only hate the manganese dioxide stains on the skin (easily removable with bisulfite - if you are not allergic against it). Btw: mangenese compounds shouldn't be flushed down the drain in larger quantities because they are toxic for aquatic life.
@@experimental_chemistry All very good info as usual, I think I've mentioned this before but the majority of my safety protocols are based upon your past advice.. I do think I'm allergic to bisulfite/sulfur dioxide though, one of my least favorite things to work with. Very sad just how many inorganic pigments are toxic, been doing some testing on the previously mentioned nickel bis dimethylglyoximate as a potential red pigment alternative to cadmium sulfoselenide, but again nickel is toxic. Been working on a manganese (V) based blue pigment, but alas there's already no shortage of minimally-toxic blue pigments already lol (plus this one is a barium salt so if anything its much more toxic than other existing blue pigments lol)
@@integral_chemistry Mn5+ compounds are quite unstable. Ba salts are only toxic if soluble and ingested, but at least not carcinogen unlike Ni, Co, Cd or Cr VI. Copper phthalocyanine or prussian blue a relatively untoxic blue pigments.
Hey, do you have any good textbook/lecture series/other materials recommendations for this subject and some of the other more mechanism-centric discussions you go through in some of these reactions? It's been upwards of 10+ years now since I last took chem 101, and I always loved the subject, but after that I focused my physics coursework on matsci, crystallography and semiconductors. I really miss not getting deeper into some of the more complex mechanisms that you end up going over on this channel, and something about the discussion of metal orbital spin states etc really left me feeling like I should go back and try to review, see if I can't start back from basics and work my way back up to something closer to a 201/301 level.
My reference for this video is a book titled Descriptive Inorganic, Coordination, and Solid State Chemistry by Glen Rodgers. I think it's at a good level if you have a decent baseline understanding of these concepts and want to learn more 😁 I'll also probably go into deeper detail on this topic in the future as there seems to be a total void when it comes to videos on this topic here on UA-cam. Hope that helps!
@@integral_chemistry I opened UA-cam, saw "published 36 seconds ago", and didn't look back lol. So far, it's looking like another great video my dude! I've always liked the coordination chem, it was my fav before I got into the more finicky organic chem.
Big question, but basically, in an electrochemical cell the potential at an electrode is typically diminished by the formation of complexes at the electrode surface. For example, if a metal ion forms a stable complex with a ligand in solution or solid state, the complex's oxidation state is stabilized and so its less likely to oxidize or reduce at the electrode, reducing effective voltage. (BTW this is all theory, might work totally differently in practice)
Recently I been wondering about this, today saw this video.. I believe this ammonia complex with metal ion can be a good way for refining metals & separate them.. But copper, nickel can also form this complex, but iron, manganese, zinc, aluminium, etc can't form soluble complex in ammonia.
Maybe.. it is quite stable (annoyingly stable actually) but I'd say the issue is that it is slightly water soluble, which you don't typically want out of a pigment. However, nickel (bis) dimethylglyoxime can definitely be used as a bright and very stable red pigment
This is good. I don't really understand the chemistry of ligands very well and this is at least a jumping off point with concrete examples. Unrelated: I have about 400 words I've manually added to Chrome's dictionary and almost all of them are chemistry terms. Annoying.
tbh its a pretty good question, and I was hoping someone would ask lol. Basically zinc isn't a "true" transition metal because its d-orbital is totally full in all its common oxidation states, so it lacks the ability to lose d-electrons which is the defining trait of a transition metal. Scandium is the opposite, it only forms a +3 ion which results in a totally empty d-orbital. (this is also why scandium and zinc don't form colorful complexes)
Hey man! Sorry its been a while. Figured since I caught you here I'd give you a quick update on my (very) overdue pigments project. So far I've gotten a good quantity of all the main pigments I've already done videos on (along with new footage), and I've done a fair number of new pigments as well. Its taken so long because I wanted to have everything together before I start dropping the pigment videos so that I can try and sell some oil paints on the side. The big holdup at this point is manganese blue (the extinct pigment). I've gotten close but matching the color exactly has proven fairly difficult, and this pigment is particularly important because I intend it to be the flagship paint when I get to the selling phase. In any case in a few months when I start putting the videos out I'd still love to send you some samples if you're interested! I've been spotty about replying here over the past few years but if you want to shoot me an email we could coordinate something.
That's exactly why! I know B12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins, the only vitamin that we humans can only source from animals (prior to biosynthesis that is), and I believe its the only cobalt-based essential vitamin
I'm sorry but trying to explain coordination complexes with valence bond theory is so cursed. Where is MO theory when you need it??? Electrons in cobalt 4d orbitals??? 😭
And saying that outer sphere chloride ions are bonding to a 4d orbital? Please just tell me that you were trying to simplify things for people who don't know MO theory and that you don't actually believe that 🙏🙏🙏
Hey man! Sorry I didn't reply earlier, busy day. But yeah so to start I 100% agree. I've taught this subject at few times, and without fail, the second I start drawing MO diagrams I can almost feel my students' souls leaving their bodies lol. My main objective here was accessibility, so going into writing the script my main objective was to try and explain coordinate bonding without ever mentioning Molecular Orbitals, degenerate orbitals, antibonding, or hybridization. I figured it would be fairly easy to do, but I quickly realized how wholly insufficient valence bond theory alone would be to explain this (especially the color shifts) so what I ended up with was a Frankenstein's monster of *mostly* valence bond theory.. I did have to mention pi-backbonding once to explain why carbonyls were the strongest ligands, and I did have to mention hybridization once to emphasize the structural difference between Co(II) and Co(III) amine complexes. The electrons in the 4d orbital causes me physical pain, but without MO theory there is no way to account for those electrons 😅 I actually took a very long time to put this video out because of how acutely aware I was of how much was missing here.. Figured very few people would click on the video to begin with as most people irrationally hate inorganic chem, and I figured that the few who did watch this video would come into it with an inorganic background and therefore HATE my explanation. That said, I expected a lot more comments like yours and I 1000% get it. So far I am surprised by the level of genuine engagement this video has gotten, so I'm already planning on an "Advanced" part 2 where I get into all the MO theory I went out of my way to avoid here.
This was one of my favs so far, I love the nitty gritty chemistry, nothing more interesting to me than the physics that is literally everything
Absolutely love to hear it! Finishing this video was tough as I just sort of figured nobody would care for this kind of thing given the lack of videos discussing this topic on UA-cam. Thrilled to hear this isn't the case as I also find this stuff absolutely fascinating!
The footage quality improvement is much more pronounced on this one!
Btw sad to see the incident you encountered on Patreon, hopefully you can get it back soon, but if it doesn't work out, please let us know if you need to switch to another platform, I will definitely be supporting your work there!
Thank you so much man, as always! I think the better footage is partly the camera, but also a new investment in lighting and taking your advice to film at a lower aperture (used to film everything around f/11 before you advised otherwise).
Also, you're going to find this silly but I didn't realize until recently how much adjusting zoom would change the focal length, so I always used to zoom, manually focus, and then pan out before starting to record.
The much bigger display on my new camera made it clear how much zooming out threw the initial image out of focus so I've stopped doing that lol.
And yeah.. still waiting to hear back from Patreon.. I'll definitely update both as a post and in my next video what I plan to do next, and as always I deeply appreciate the support
@@integral_chemistry Ah right, I totally forgot I have mentioned the aperture as well, it is definitely one of the most noticeable thing that affect image quality.
@@integral_chemistry I know nilered has a fair number of his videos that were removed from youtube on Nebula, if that helps (Including his methylamine and picric acid videos). It might be worth checking them out.
@@DangerousLab it's really (not?) surprising how much aperture and exposure does for film/photography
Taking about orbitals and unpaired electrons is bold! You take the risk of leaving many falling by the wayside, but I personally applaud loudly. I've never been much passionate about inorganic chemistry, however this is great!
I was hoping the old addage of fortune favoring the bold would apply here, as I 100% agree. This video took way longer than I intended to actually get out as my morale was rock-bottom assuming nobody would be interested (or lose interest quickly once they started watching).
That said, I'm so thrilled to see that is absolutely not the case! The view numbers are lower than usual, but the comments I've gotten show a genuine fascination I haven't seen in my own comments in quite some time which has been beyond invigorating (and validating for this often-ignored subfield of chemistry) Thank you so much for the positive feedback, and I am certainly already planning more videos in this format.
+1 to more educational format. I learnt so much in one video! Looking forward to your pigment video.
As someone who studied coordination chemistry almost 5 years ago in high school, you explained it better than any source I used back then. I did need to pause a lot to read and was sometimes distracted by the apparatus, but once I recollected some definitions and concepts, it helped massively in understanding how you synthesised these complexes. If possible, don't place the text at the extreme top and bottom edges because it gets covered by youtube's UI when I pause to read it. Great video, looking forward to see more like this!
Thank you so much for the feedback! It's great to hear it came out comprehensible as I was a bit worried that the disjointed structure I used for this video so that it could be both educational and entertaining had made it impossible to follow. Also very good note on the text placement, I did realize some pausing would likely be necessary but I totally forgot UA-cam's stupid UI doesn't disappear when you pause.
Anyway thanks again and happy to hear you enjoyed it! I'll certainly be making more
Fascinating. This went a bit over my head - it's been a good number of years since my college chemistry courses (and I don't work in chem), so I'd have to rewatch this a few times to understand what all is happening - but I appreciate this sort of content! Keep it up!
I'm going to take inorganic synthesis next semester, and this feels like a good way to get my brain warmed back up to it. Forgot quite a bit from inorg and advanced inorg.
This seems like a good way to both study a little, and hopefully make my brain wanna study more on my own. It always helps me get actively interested in a topic when there are fun youtube videos for me to watch about it while procrastinating on other things.
Hope it goes well! I totally relate to that btw, I really never cared about any concept in chemistry until after lab since I really needed the hands-on example for it to click. In fact, general inorganic was my lowest grade in my undergrad as it was a lecture-only course 💀
huge fan of complex chemistry. most of my knowledge is of the phytochem side of things so it was really cool to see some explanations of the fundamentals of coordination with orbitals etc
If only heavy metals weren’t so toxic…
I really liked the educational format. Please keep it up!
Love to hear it! It was tough getting this video out as I figured nobody would care to learn, and only really watched for the cool colors and fire. So very happy to hear that isn't the case 😁
Dunno how often you get "you're just copying Nilered" commenrs (hopefully not much), but honestly, I don't care how similar your channels are or who came first. I just love cool chemistry
I know nothing about chemistry and i dont understand the majority of the words you said but i still highly enjoy the content and this channel. It makes me want to learn more so i could understand what you are actually saying. Its fun seeing things come together.
Excellent work on explaining ligand fields!!
Many thanks! I was hoping the very top-down explanation would help it be easier to understand, but also a bit worried that the lack of details would cause some confusion
Loved the video! Currently TA'ing an inorganic chemistry course on the subject, and will definitely refer to your video. You do a great job of show-and-tell with regard to the electronics.
Keep up the good work 😊
I'm a former painter, and a current chemistry student. I love this video!
Very much here for this rigorous educontent
Yes I really enjoyed this please carry on with this style as long as you’re passionate and having fun! 👍 great job
Thank you SO SO much for this video. I am currently covering Coordination Chemistry/Transition Metal chemistry in my General Chemistry II course. I am going to share this with my class!! Thank you again!! - Prof. Shane
Great video man, the educational style is really helpful!
I must confess that it was a little hard to follow for me, but it was extremely interesting.
I'm happy to hear you enjoyed it regardless! I did worry it would be hard to follow if you didn't go into the video with a very solid foundational understanding of chemistry. I'll definitely keep accessibility in mind when I do my next educational-focused video
Coordination chemistry was one of my favorite subjects back in university, so I LOVE to see you make a video about It. It also reminded me some concepts I had forgotten hehehe
You indeed explained very well the basics too (glad u went for the crystal Field instead of the MOs theory, that thing gave me PTSD)
Awesome work! Would love to see you make more metal complexes as I think this is a niche not many chemtubers have explored yet.
Love this style of video (as well as all of your videos) keep em coming
Very informative - love the science-heavy content!
Love to hear it! Certainly will be more to come :)
Loved this video, would love to see more like it!
Thank you for the feedback :)
@ Update, like a week after watching this video we went over coordination compounds in class. I aced the exam and I think this video definitely helped, always so much better when you can learn things in a fun way!
lot to digest here, cant wait to rewatch a third time!
Lol yeah it's dense, absolutely requires either rewatch or frequent pausing.. think I spent a day editing down the script to a reasonable length
Yes please, educational is highly appreciated and welcome! A soothing difference to the clickbait.
I already know about ligand theory but wouldn't skip anyway!! Wonderful footage and explanation 😊
This video taught me a whole bunch on ligands and I’d love to see more of this type of video from your channel 🫡
As an undergrad about to start a research project in coordinnation chemistry, thank you! Really nice and quick ligand theory explanation too
Cobalt dihistidine is also a fun complex! It's one of the simplest complexes capable of reversible binding to molecular oxygen like hemoglobin!
Wait, it’s that simple? That’s amazing!
@@hammerth1421 The synthesis is a touch more complicated, but yeah, it's just cobalt and histidine.
The _simplest_ is actually cobalt and ammonia, but I forget which combination of NH3 and H2O makes it work.
I love this type of video!! Looking forward to more!
ayyy! Cobalt is my favorite element :D Love seeing me some fun colourful coordinations.
I grow crystals, and one of my faves is a 3+ cobalt - NaMg[Al,Co(C2O4)3] using a roughly 4:1 ratio of aluminium to cobalt you get a beautiful dichroic blue crystal that shifts between green and blue depending on the angle you look at the light passing through it. Makes these amazing terminated points very similiar to quartz crystals. Would love to see you synthesise this chemical and time lapse the growth of its crystals!
Great video and great genre.
Glad you enjoyed it! I did notice a lack of videos on this topic here on UA-cam so I was worried it was just due to a lack of interest, happy to see that isn't the case
Fantastic Video and Format! Thank you
Thanks for the trip down memory lane, the specific lane being inorganic chemistry.
I noticed you brushed past hard/soft ligands, and that's probably worth touching on if you want to teach more inorganic chemistry.
Really enjoyed the educational format
1am here, and im too tired to understand most of this, but thanks for keeping the sleep demon at bay.
You've made an absolutely great video. I love pigments and even more I love inorganic chemistry. Greetings from a microbiologist and physician. 😜
I don’t know much about metal chemistry, but this made me want to take a inorganic chemistry course when I go off to college
i put off taking inorganic for a while, focusing on ochem/biochem since they were my principle interests, but taking inorganic greatly strengthened my understanding of those classes and i wish i took it sooner
There’s a lot to learn from this one. 🤩
love the educational stuff!
Yes, more like this please
Damn, this is different! Love learning new things
so knowledgeable! well done
Metal chemistry never ceases to amaze me. I always learn something new from you in the inorganic chem field bro! 🫡👌🏼
Loved this.
Thanks so much.
Great video as always!
I almost disliked for inorganic chemistry 💀. Good video as always bro
hehe honestly reasonable, my lowest grade in my undergrad was inorganic but I blame that on it being a lecture-only course. Definitely a lot more fun hands-on, and as much as I love inorganic nowadays I'll concede its tough to beat OChem.
@@integral_chemistryfunny enough I have never taken it but have looked at the material. My degree was more focused in biochemistry. Oddly enough never had to take it.
Coordination compounds are pleasant to look at.
This video has explained more in 15 minute than about 3 years of school even though i still dont understand most of it😂
I love transition metal chemistry the colors are so good
Beautiful! Thank you🎉
could i check if the diagram explaining high spin and low spin states fo Co(II) is accurate? I find it difficult to believe the 4d orbitals would be involved (unless this is an attempt to explain with hybrid orbital theory which would be inadequate I think given that the changes in color observed with different ligands would not be possible to be explained solely on atomic orbitals alone)
Yeah I'm actually glad you brought this up. As I think I mentioned in the video I wasn't able to find any literature on what the orbital diagrams for these compounds would look like and so I just drew them myself. I'm quite confident that the high and low spin diagrams I made for Co(III) are accurate, but I had a tough time with Co(II). It was in fact an attempt to make sense of the complex through orbital hybridization, as that's how I understand this material best.
You seem to be well-versed here so let me know what you think, but I think there could be some likelihood that only 4 waters (or ammonias) are actually directly bound to the metal center in Co(II) complexes with the 5th and 6th being bridging ligands in the case of ammonia or waters of crystallization in the hexahydrate. Again, couldn't find any literature so It's just my best guess.
I like hearing you talk.
Metal Complex chemistry is super interesting!
WoopWoop! Co.
A bit of unsolicited feedback: Having rewatched this a couple of times now, and having created a certain amount of educational content (electronics design lessons streamed on twitch -- no longer available because I felt embarassed by the low quality), I think the single biggest nit I could pick here is how dense the material is and how fast you go through it. If your goal is to produce more of these videos, might be worth slowing down just a bit or putting a 5 second pause in the pivot between subjects? Supposedly gives people more time to categorize the information in working memory or something, if my psychologist friends are to be believed.
It's also a good bit more work, but showing some limited animation, when possible, might be helpful. For example, the early electron pair donation discussion when explaining ligands was great, but it would possibly be even more helpful if there were some graphics showing how the electron pairs are shared? Not even sure what those graphics would look like, so obviously take this with a grain of salt, but figured it was worth mentioning.
No matter what, its really a phenomenal video on a depth subject that is not really engaged with anywhere else on YT, so please keep doing what you're doing. Looking forward to donating to the cause once your patreon (or some other new platform) is up and running again!
2 Questions: 1. Is this edited with DaVinci Resolve, 2. Are there more of these excellent 20+ min long form videos?
1. Nah I use CapCut shamefully. Unlike pretty much everyone else I started on TikTok and moved here to UA-cam. Since CapCut is the standard software for TikTok its just what I'm used to now (although it kind of sucks).
2. Unfortunately not yet, I think my only other videos that exceed 20 minutes are TNT, methylamine, and potassium chlorate (and the only reason those were long is because they were long processes). I actually didn't realize until just the other day that many people actually want longer videos like this, so up until now I've gone out of my way to make my videos as short as possible.. Certainly plan to prioritize longer-form videos going forward though.
The last one has a lot of oxygen and nitrogen, how does it react to flame, especially with a fuel? Great video!
I'm not sure firsthand, but I did just read the MSDS and it says in no uncertian terms "KEEP AWAY FROM FUELS OR STRONG OXIDIZERS" and so I'm guessing it behaves just as the structure would lead you to believe lol. Thank you as aways!
Nice videol🎉 Is it time for nanocrystals synthesis ?
I remember discussing cellulose namocrystals yeah? Or am I misremembering? I've given it a couple tries but it's giving me more trouble than I expected.. definitely still working on it
@integral_chemistry probably, not with me
Cobalt compounds are so colorful, but unfortunately also proven carcinogens. Therefore I only work with them semi-microscale and in aqueous solution but never isolated a solid substance, because it's dangerous to inhale the corresponding dusts or aerosols.
18:14 When did you synthesize yellow bismuth vanadate?
Are they proven now? I believe you, I had just assumed they were still in the "likely carcinogen" category. Regardless I did try to be careful, I think of the group 4 transition metals (excluding Cr-6) I take the most precautions for Nickel and Cobalt, followed by Manganese as I've read it can cause neurological damage.
And I actually made the yellow bismuth vanadate about 6 months ago, but I'm still waiting all this time later for my girlfriend to find the time to make all these pigments into functional paints for me before I release the final video. I may put something out early on the bismuth vanadate, though, as I find it more exciting than any pigment I've made to this point! As far as I know it hasn't been done on UA-cam and it seems like an excellent much less toxic alternative to cadmium yellow.
@@integral_chemistry
Yes, cobalt and its compounds are proven carcinogens, but it's advisible to treat the suspected ones same way - just for safety reasons.
Vanadates are toxic, too, but indeed not as dangerous as chromates or cadmium salts, but are proven mutagenic and therefore possibly second step carcinogens. Vanadium pentoxide is meanwhile considered to be a proven carcinogen.
So all the yellow pigments you have shown here are CMRs - yellow chemistry = bad chemistry... 😉
Manganese is by far not that toxic. Yes, it might damage organs if ingested - so just don't eat it and everything will be fine. 😉 Everything else is a little bit of chemophobic hysteria. I only hate the manganese dioxide stains on the skin (easily removable with bisulfite - if you are not allergic against it).
Btw: mangenese compounds shouldn't be flushed down the drain in larger quantities because they are toxic for aquatic life.
@@experimental_chemistry All very good info as usual, I think I've mentioned this before but the majority of my safety protocols are based upon your past advice.. I do think I'm allergic to bisulfite/sulfur dioxide though, one of my least favorite things to work with. Very sad just how many inorganic pigments are toxic, been doing some testing on the previously mentioned nickel bis dimethylglyoximate as a potential red pigment alternative to cadmium sulfoselenide, but again nickel is toxic.
Been working on a manganese (V) based blue pigment, but alas there's already no shortage of minimally-toxic blue pigments already lol
(plus this one is a barium salt so if anything its much more toxic than other existing blue pigments lol)
@@integral_chemistry
Mn5+ compounds are quite unstable.
Ba salts are only toxic if soluble and ingested, but at least not carcinogen unlike Ni, Co, Cd or Cr VI.
Copper phthalocyanine or prussian blue a relatively untoxic blue pigments.
Hey, do you have any good textbook/lecture series/other materials recommendations for this subject and some of the other more mechanism-centric discussions you go through in some of these reactions? It's been upwards of 10+ years now since I last took chem 101, and I always loved the subject, but after that I focused my physics coursework on matsci, crystallography and semiconductors. I really miss not getting deeper into some of the more complex mechanisms that you end up going over on this channel, and something about the discussion of metal orbital spin states etc really left me feeling like I should go back and try to review, see if I can't start back from basics and work my way back up to something closer to a 201/301 level.
My reference for this video is a book titled Descriptive Inorganic, Coordination, and Solid State Chemistry by Glen Rodgers. I think it's at a good level if you have a decent baseline understanding of these concepts and want to learn more 😁
I'll also probably go into deeper detail on this topic in the future as there seems to be a total void when it comes to videos on this topic here on UA-cam.
Hope that helps!
@@integral_chemistryhelps a lot, thanks so much! Looking forward to more videos on these kinds of subjects!
First, hehehe
LMAO that was lightning-quick my man! Fingers crossed this one finds at least a small audience (too much complex chemistry hate out there)
@@integral_chemistry I opened UA-cam, saw "published 36 seconds ago", and didn't look back lol. So far, it's looking like another great video my dude! I've always liked the coordination chem, it was my fav before I got into the more finicky organic chem.
Love the chemist bro moment ❤️
😂😂❤
Oh this had literally just gone live???? For some reason mobile YT's saying it was released two days ago lol, had no idea
12:08 looks so cool
my inorganic chem is so bad and this video helped a lot lol gg
I very much enjoy getting schooled, thank you
I like your words magic man
I enojoyed this video, damn thats interesting
How does the energy of complexation in electrolytes effect voltage of cells?
Big question, but basically, in an electrochemical cell the potential at an electrode is typically diminished by the formation of complexes at the electrode surface. For example, if a metal ion forms a stable complex with a ligand in solution or solid state, the complex's oxidation state is stabilized and so its less likely to oxidize or reduce at the electrode, reducing effective voltage.
(BTW this is all theory, might work totally differently in practice)
Recently I been wondering about this, today saw this video..
I believe this ammonia complex with metal ion can be a good way for refining metals & separate them.. But copper, nickel can also form this complex, but iron, manganese, zinc, aluminium, etc can't form soluble complex in ammonia.
Wait... does metal mutual solubility mean alloys are just sold solutions? Bronze just tin dissolved into copper, etc...?
Yessir, really good way to think about it tbh
Banger
Can the first complex be used as a pigment?
Maybe.. it is quite stable (annoyingly stable actually) but I'd say the issue is that it is slightly water soluble, which you don't typically want out of a pigment. However, nickel (bis) dimethylglyoxime can definitely be used as a bright and very stable red pigment
Might be stable in walnut oil though (that's what I use in my oil paintings)
Love it =)
Loved the video but I got lost pretty quickly on in the explanation of everything. Just a little too fast to follow.
Agreed. Though with the option of rewinding, I'm not sure how much of a problem it really is
The forbidden neopolitan flavourings
This is good. I don't really understand the chemistry of ligands very well and this is at least a jumping off point with concrete examples. Unrelated: I have about 400 words I've manually added to Chrome's dictionary and almost all of them are chemistry terms. Annoying.
Silly question. Why are scandium and zinc “posers”?
tbh its a pretty good question, and I was hoping someone would ask lol. Basically zinc isn't a "true" transition metal because its d-orbital is totally full in all its common oxidation states, so it lacks the ability to lose d-electrons which is the defining trait of a transition metal. Scandium is the opposite, it only forms a +3 ion which results in a totally empty d-orbital.
(this is also why scandium and zinc don't form colorful complexes)
Nice
Super
Sure, I'll take 6,5 grams of the pink one for making paint! 😅
Also, I did enjoy the video! A sometimes harder to follow in words, but the footage and all the information are very valuable!
Hey man! Sorry its been a while. Figured since I caught you here I'd give you a quick update on my (very) overdue pigments project. So far I've gotten a good quantity of all the main pigments I've already done videos on (along with new footage), and I've done a fair number of new pigments as well. Its taken so long because I wanted to have everything together before I start dropping the pigment videos so that I can try and sell some oil paints on the side.
The big holdup at this point is manganese blue (the extinct pigment). I've gotten close but matching the color exactly has proven fairly difficult, and this pigment is particularly important because I intend it to be the flagship paint when I get to the selling phase.
In any case in a few months when I start putting the videos out I'd still love to send you some samples if you're interested! I've been spotty about replying here over the past few years but if you want to shoot me an email we could coordinate something.
tasty, tasty scienceman.
hmm..
Oh, so that's why my B12 (cyanocobalamin) vitamin pills are pink?
That's exactly why! I know B12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins, the only vitamin that we humans can only source from animals (prior to biosynthesis that is), and I believe its the only cobalt-based essential vitamin
😮😮😮😃😃😀😀😁😁😄😄🙂😊
cool 8th
i hate cobalt complexes. i had to make 5 different cobalt complexes. none of them crashed out
I'd suspect it's a pH thing. I tried these a few times last year using a much more acidic solution but none worked
I'm sorry but trying to explain coordination complexes with valence bond theory is so cursed. Where is MO theory when you need it???
Electrons in cobalt 4d orbitals??? 😭
And saying that outer sphere chloride ions are bonding to a 4d orbital?
Please just tell me that you were trying to simplify things for people who don't know MO theory and that you don't actually believe that 🙏🙏🙏
To clarify, I'm not trying to hate on the video. I liked the video. I'm just a major hater of describing metal complexes with VBT lol.
Hey man! Sorry I didn't reply earlier, busy day. But yeah so to start I 100% agree. I've taught this subject at few times, and without fail, the second I start drawing MO diagrams I can almost feel my students' souls leaving their bodies lol. My main objective here was accessibility, so going into writing the script my main objective was to try and explain coordinate bonding without ever mentioning Molecular Orbitals, degenerate orbitals, antibonding, or hybridization.
I figured it would be fairly easy to do, but I quickly realized how wholly insufficient valence bond theory alone would be to explain this (especially the color shifts) so what I ended up with was a Frankenstein's monster of *mostly* valence bond theory.. I did have to mention pi-backbonding once to explain why carbonyls were the strongest ligands, and I did have to mention hybridization once to emphasize the structural difference between Co(II) and Co(III) amine complexes. The electrons in the 4d orbital causes me physical pain, but without MO theory there is no way to account for those electrons 😅
I actually took a very long time to put this video out because of how acutely aware I was of how much was missing here.. Figured very few people would click on the video to begin with as most people irrationally hate inorganic chem, and I figured that the few who did watch this video would come into it with an inorganic background and therefore HATE my explanation.
That said, I expected a lot more comments like yours and I 1000% get it. So far I am surprised by the level of genuine engagement this video has gotten, so I'm already planning on an "Advanced" part 2 where I get into all the MO theory I went out of my way to avoid here.
Love the video. Would love to see more pigment synthesis vids.