The Birch reduction
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- Опубліковано 5 січ 2016
- In this video, we explore the Birch Reduction by carrying it out on benzene. This is a very useful reaction and it is pretty cool to carry out too.
A photo of a typical mechanism: www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/me...
Depending on the groups attached to the ring, the mechanism does change a little bit and it produces a product that is reduced at different places.
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Nile talks about lab safety: • Chemistry is dangerous. - Наука та технологія
I am doing an apprenticeship as chemical laboratory assistant in switzerland and whenever I get bored, unmotivated or pissed of because I can't isolate my desired product or whatever I watch one of your vids and bam am totally motivated again. So thanks for the great videos and all the effort you put into it.
+moonbaer01 haha, I am glad I help!
You should totally make me some research chemicals or things that are legal of course lol
Have you tried dipping a match head into 98% Sulphuric acid? It catches alight in 10 seconds
@@rogerandlyndabeall3840 The day's when you source pure Sulphur crystal from N.Z. good day's...
Can I ask what are you trying to isolate ??
Fun fact: nigel started his channel as a cover up for his meth business to pay for college but he switched to do youtube full time when his channel blew up
that is stupid and dangerous to suggest with so many over anxious officers looking at promotion.
@@lilmaxAlarcxn
Get real dude. There are videos of people literally making meth and high explosives and any number of questionable activities on youtube. Nobody honestly think our boy here is making trailer park diamonds.
@@mds1986ms
@@lilmaxAlarcxn Cops can’t “bust” anyone without significant evidence of a crime being perpetrated, which Nile is not even close to having any.
@@johnnylego807 That's a good theory but maybe you can explain it to the hundreds of thousands of people who have served time for first time offenses and addictions they may have procured from prescriptions that doctors shamelessly profited from then dumped patients on families and communities to deal with by imprisonment and harsh rehab treatments that treat human beings like farmed mammals slotted for slaughter. In this world the words "evidence" and "significant" don't calculate and are meaningless against the word of an official tasked with the duty to imprison and humiliate you. Unless you've personally experienced a court of law in this land or witnessed and attempt to free a man or woman in it's grips you could never truly know it's horrors and abuses like I have. These people need no further incentive to deny you your rights as a human than that badge and what they perceive as their duty.. Much less being proven a liar in a court of Law. They will testify with utmost contempt to your personal freedoms and spit on their own mothers if it meant losing face in front of a colleague or respectively swear on the life of their own children if they had to lie on the behalf of themselves or their respective departments. That isn't justice it's toxic narcissism and poison psychopathy posing as societies greatest protectors and advocates. It's a shame your naive sheltered existence has corrupted your sense of compassion and duty to your fellow man and neighbor into this ugly twisted reality where you believe your captor is your friend and defender. Let's hope your never accused my friend the Law is a constrictor and your a quivering rodent locked in it's cage awaiting the serpents lunch time just as soon as they hang that despicable phrase "The People Vs" before your name.
He said " this is how you make meth but I'm not making that and I have no idea why I'm doing this"
Yeah, sure 🙄👍
Trust me! he's missing a few things for meth.
Yeah but either way that's the amateur way to make meth. The modified Birch reduction used to make meth from ephedrine derivatives is colloquially called "Shake 'n Bake" on the street and is plagued by restriction of starting materials, low yields and an impure end product.
@@achilleslade3771 while not pure it can we washed with acetone and recrystallized with alcohol. The resulting product, while minimal, is better than anything I've ever paid for
@@ryandickinson4228 Ah well. I don't know where you live but it's possible that may be more achievable than where I live. In the US it's extremely difficult to find ephedrine or pseudo, hydriodic acid or red phosphorous and even if somehow obtained the yield is nowhere close to breaking even on expenditure. The P2P method is far superior in my area. Bitter almond oil or almond essential oil as a source of benzaldehyde is easily sourced locally especially in my area where almond farming is commonplace.
Chemistry is a hell of a drug
Halo but there’s a heaven in it😊
@@darellroasa6846 yeah
Being an Ex-Chemist for some certain people with pull..... Drugs are a hell of a drug. Chemistry is just a way to make it healthier.
drug is hell of chemistry ll
Everything is a drug isn't it and everything is derived from nature
I was going to suggest a methylamine HCl synthesis as a joke, but seeing you are already going to do it, then maybe a phenylacetone or a phenylnitropropene synthesis would be fitting :). In all seriousness, your videos are absolutely amazing and they make me want to start my chemistry hobby again.
Wife: Are you watching a video of a guy making meth?
Me: No honey, he is performing a birch reduction, a very specific type of reaction
Nile: This is the reaction used to make meth.
Wife: ............
Shoulda just said yeah
@@scrambledmandible "Hey, while you're out can you pick me up some Sudaphed? I have a bit of a sniffle."
😁
@@Blakearminstop by the hardware store too and pick up some toluene too would ya?
@@Dragonbyte maybe get some soda bottles, muriatic acid and some other things
Best educational channel ever......most unique.... you're one of a kind on UA-cam man..
Sir, I wanted you to know that I think so highly of your work, that my Advanced Chemistry class will be using your videos as guide to synthesizing various chemicals. Thank you.
+redbeaker2005 whoa, that actually means a lot to me! I love hearing about my videos being used in that way :)
Ur born in 2005
Advanced chemistry at 10 yrs? Wow
@@sawconvention424 I would wager that the 2005 refers to a graduation date and redbeaker2005 is probably teaching that advanced chemistry class.
Seeing it with eyes is really special...We have been taught this reaction so many times but now I do get the real feel of completion..thanks brother. 👍
This comment relates with me
Comments:
-70% Make meth
-20%Nitrous oxide
-10%Recrystalization.
You want money??i want you produce this product in malaysia.it very demanding
@@muhdyusuf7225 is it easy to make?
@@muhdyusuf7225 you pay me to come to Malaysia and make meth?
@@K0ester 😂
@@K0ester 😂😂😂😂💀
Thank you so much, for conducting this reaction. It is often mentioned in books, but it's rarely found to be seen.
Because no body wants to die
Im learning chemistry better with you then with my teacher at school :)
+DavideGale I am glad I am helping you :)
Jh
If they just taught us how to make meth in 10th grade we'd all be better at chemistry.
@@kyzylalchemy9776 They did, you just weren't listening lol
Well, as a Ph.D. in Chemistry I must say you carry out a wealth of cool reactions! May I humbly suggest which personnally find interesting, perhaps you'll get interested, too? ;)
Sure, go ahead! (sorry for the SUPER late reply)
Don't worry. You weren't too late, I'm just now seeing this a whole 3 years later
@@FirstLast-cc6cv me too
Same
@@Dylan9s5Nash same.
The blue color was really nice. Something I've rarely experienced.
Being able to see electrons with the naked eye is pretty cool. Thunderf00t did a thing that was similar by dropping the liquid alloy of potassium and sodium in to liquid ammonia which made it instantly pop in to a cloud of free floating electrons. The color was pretty wild too, like a brassy metallic blue. Ah chemistry.
You still didn't see the electrons, only the effect they produce.
@@yaldabaoth2 That’s how you see anything lol
Thanks for the videos mate, I find them really interesting.
Everything is really interesting now
Nice job altogether. Thanks!
Love all of your vids man, great work!
Just wanted to ask if there is a possibility that you will ever do a Friedel-Crafts reduction video? Cheers!
+Emin Turalić I will eventually try to. For now though, it's not on the list.
vote for the re-crystallization tut, i'm curious what you'll use to dissolve the urea.
I once tried to grow urea crystals but after realizing i might be just breaking it down into ammonia and CO2 i stopped, forgot bout it til now.
you're a big f***ing GENIUS! keep it up
I love the blue color in this reaction!
Yes, that's mesmerizing stuff.
that's the blue meth precipitating out of the solution
When you mentioned meth I am sure a couple people pulled out a notebook.
Brought back some good memories of orgo lab!
Very interesting video. Quick comment to anyone trying this at home: you can tell if you got your product by using bromine water. Olefins like 1,4-cyclohexadiene will react with the bromine, turning it clear, while neither aromatics like benzene nor alkanes like cyclohexane will react.
There's also a characteristic bad smell to olefins, although I can't think of how to describe it. If you've ever smelled MAP gas (yellow cylinder for torches, now mostly made of propylene which is an olefin) then you'll recognize it.
The reactant isn't always an aromatic compound, yeah it's probably called birch for aromatics only, but I've done the same reaction before using a non-aromatic compound to produce very specific results.
You mean meth?
I thought this was a video about shrinking trees. Imagine my surprise.
Seen this video about six years ago, just got out and am now currently on parole. Thanks Nile❤
Not sure if you still have the product of this reaction, but you could always try a diels alder reaction
Unfortunately I dont have it anymore
Would you mind repeating it? :)
You have to use a conjugated diene. Ironically 2,4 cyclohexadiene could be used (twice) as the dienophile in a Diels Alder, though it wouldn't be very reactive.
Another great video. I can't wait until we get those 4k resolution videos though.
+Mr.chang cooler thanks! I hope to get all the 1080p ones posted so that its all 4K at some point. I have like 17 1080p ones though. I am going to try and release 2-3 a week for a month or two. Maybe more :)
Nile Red Sounds amazing!
+Nile Red I so need to get my ass in gear and start doing a few vids myself amazing works as always nile great vid :)
+Nile Red oh i thought this was 4k
+Nile Red First, i love your vids, but why would you go 4 k? doesnt that mean 99% of people would see it in a worse resolution if they can only support 1080, like every person i know? I know eventually everything will be 4k but right now only serious gamers or people that always buy the most expensive things because they are so cool... would have atm. Then again i dono why im asking the question when i will never see the response lol. Anyway thanks for all your effort and time.
God I miss working in a lab. And having access to an NMR.
You must be in lab 24/7 I really look up to you for that. If only I was this dedicated to my research!
WOW, great experiment.
Love it how he adds "0,21g of lithium in small portions of 0,4g". Wonder how that happens
He said 0.04g lol
Yes, but the text on the top left says 0,4g
Nice job!
Hi NR, for the application of the Birch Reduction in the reaction to produce a certain illegal drug. Could it be that sense the alkyl chain connected to the benzene ring donates electrons to it, causing it to not undergo a reduction to produce a cyclohexyl group?
I feel like drawing hexagons is more fun than what they teach at school
you can use the 1.4-cyclohexadiene in some reductions with Pd/C where it acts as a hydrogen source
Spectacular video!
WOOOOOW THE CHEMISTRY SHACK
methylamine in methonol has very similar properties to ammonia from a few experiments iv done it seems to dissolve lithium giving the same blue color do you think this could be a safer route to this reaction as ammonia is a pain to handle
This is just the reaction I was looking for. Can you show me how to oxidize ephedrine?
rhodium erowid, hehe. gl tweaking
@@wagwanpiftingwhatsurbbmpin1673 thanks pal ;)
LOL
... I've heard permanganate is good for that...
@@Bolangsamarinda wait people still use bbm?!
Damn it NileRed, why you gotta make videos that get me on a list?
It would be cool if you could cover other reactions seen in organic chemistry
I am most curious about the + more you forgot about 😋 ... I would like to know how to synthesize vitamins, aspirin and so stuff, just to get away from my thrilling "fixation". Also, I quite like artificial or natural flavor chemistry.
I was thinking: How is he going to reduce a tree?
Same. I thought he was going to extract the oils from birch bark. But instead he made meth.
Thanks brother
When you realize why this viedeo was made
1:05
This is exactly why I'm watching it lmao
@@lifeofanton1404 nice
Would you be so kind and send me some of you're product😂😏
You know about 12 years ago I was looking for a video like this one and I ended up on the watch list. I'm trippin out on the whole thing. I enjoyed it very much thank you
Oh You're still going on the watch list, just that the watch list is about 200 times as big as back then lol
it's wild that you ran birch reduction in your garage.
Thanks very much
bro broke bad 💀
Just learnt about this reaction in class today
You don't need liquid ammonia. Just use liquid amine, like dimethylamine. Sodium produces solvated electrons not only in anhydrous ammonia, but also in amines. Dimethylamine is actually producable at home and liquid at r.t. Eschweleier-Clarke-like reactions of ammonia, formaldehyde, formic acid and possibly hexamine yield dimethylamine if conditions of reaction and proportions of reagents are controlled to prevent formation of other methylamines.
NH3 is way cheeper. why would he do more work for the same thing? if you say: because it is safer.....i have to reply: not really, because you make a precursor with ammonia (so you handle it again). And HNEt2 is flamable, poison and a strong base aswell. no point for me in that.
+philip ferdroß 1. Ammonia is also flammable, highly basic and poisonous. 2. I was talking about dimethylamine, nit diethylamine. Diethylamine is harder to produce. 3. The only reason why you may want to use an amine instead of ammonia is being unable to make liquid ammonia. If he or you can get liquid ammonia, fine. But it is not the only option, in fact, if you can't get dry ice or liquid nitrogen or buy ammonia in canisters, you can use dimethylamine, liquid at room temperature, which you technically can make at home. As I said ammonia is not the only option, there are alternatives, not necesarrily better, but liquid at rt and producable using typical reagents.
@@phiV268, Substituted amines are known to cause cancer in woman.
Thanks for the video! It was very helpful. Can I ask you one question?
When the reduction by lithium is over, blue color is observed, right? if you use sodium instead of lithium, what color appears?
red
Blue it's the colour of ammoniated electron so whichever alkali metal you will use or alkaline earth metal as well except Be and Mg then you will get the same result
Yes it should still be blue with a darkening with the heavier compounds, potassium would be HIGHLY reactive, MUCH more than sodium n A LOT much more than lithium, with the color deepening towards a deep dark blue
Nile casually teaching an entire generation of meth cooks.
9:03 really? To me it seems like leftover ethanol from the washings (ethanol is soluble in ether and boils at 75°C)
Show us Lithium hydroxide and a Recrystallization tutorial! great work man
+Stephen Fabiano hate recrystallizations...
why? I love them ^.^ they are so pretty. especially if it's crystallized via electrolysis rather than evaporation.
Luminol and methyl iodine look very interesting videos
Make more, please!!!
To those who dont know aromaticity -
In an easy way to undrstnd , its a stabilizing effect / phenomenon in organic comp and one can gain aromaticity when the total electron PAIRS present are odd in no.
Birch redux can and does 'over' reduce the aryl of ephedrine to the cyclohexadiene
amazing!
Wouldn't use of Na instead of Li induce a greater yield ?
Have you ever considered flame drying your round bottoms for anhydrous reactions?
Man no one appreciated this... 😂
Recrystallization tutorial using urea as example.
Eewwww
@@notpulverman9660 urea, not urine, kid
Dear Nilered will you please do a video on making LSD
This is the moment nile becomes Heisenberg
Would be cool if you teamed up with someone who has access to an NMR machine, so you could explore the structure and purity of your product. Good job, as always
i was hoping you were going to tell me how to make the birch tree version of maple syrup
Me too😅😅
Hey ! Thanks for your amazing video ! I have a question about pseudoephedrine ! Can i use pseudoephedrine sulphate instead of Hydrochloric acid? To make methamphetamines? If yes then fine! If no why not? And how i can turn it into hydrochloride? I used to use pseudoephedrine hydrochloride but nowadays in my country prevented it !
And i don't want to try something such sulphate while I'm using shake and bake method. I'm sorry of my question but for necessary!.
English lamp hey can you email me pls
robert1980hands@gmail.com
teach me how to cook please help
@@Bolangsamarinda well first get a pan, then get at stove. Put pan on stove. Crack egg. Put egg in pan. Let egg sizzle till crispy around edge. Flip egg. Wait a minute. Take egg out of pan put on plate. Eat egg. Done
wait a minute do you actually cook
I am curious, you demonstrate that the solution turns blue due to the solvated electrons, I am just interested to know what occurs (chemically) for the solution to return to the white colour. I have done some research and I understand that eventually the solution turns to a gold colour once a certain amount of lithium has been added. I would really like to understand how this works and (if it's true about the solution turning gold?) Please no hate I am not an experienced chemist, I am an undergrad in first year, we have not studied organic chemistry yet.
I am honestly not entirely sure. I tried researching it myself and I never found a good answer that I was happy with. Maybe if someone here knows more, they can chime in?
Anna Wynn Lithium bronze is what they call it. Search here on YT for an example. I think that is when you get an excess of solvated electrons. Like a supersaturated sorta. Saturated with electrons.
Solvated electrons are a meme. I just do it in refluxing ethanol and 10-fold excess sodium, so some of it does Birch magic before it makes useless sodium ethoxide. Ammonia is stupid and impractical.
Yo Nigel. How important is it to know the Rydberg's constant and all that stuff in chemistry?
Question about your process: normally, alkali metals attack Teflon. I assume this is because the fluorine in the Teflon "would rather" be ionically bonded to alkali metal than to carbon. Fluorine ion is in lower energy state then one covalently bonded to carbon. Direct contact by the metal results in flashes and the Teflon "scorches". (This is a common treatment when desiring to bond to Teflon.) When the alkali metal dissolves into NH3, the solvated electrons "are looking for something to reduce" (which drives your birch reaction). Why don't the solvated electrons attack the Teflon stir-bar, and rip out the fluorine, as the bare metal does? I assume if there were traces of water, the electrons would reduce the water to H2, as metal does directly?
2nd question: How do you operate stir-bar when there is a large distance between the stir-base and the reaction flask (such as your dry-ice bath or heating mantle)? Do you have special stir-base with extra-strong magnet?
Just a guess but those Teflon molecules are actually one long polymer molecule of fluorinated carbon, and since the carbon bond to almost any atom is the most stable in the universe, that explains why the activated alkali metal atoms although they have a stronger bond strength to some atoms, are not enough to defeat the fluorocarbon Bond
Please try to show all the main name reactions.... would be helpful
Sus
Acetone from Ca(CH3COO)2 !
Very cool
Is it 0.4g or .04g lithium for each addition...?
What exactly is that final product? Does it have any use at all?
How about how to mix and store vit B12 Involves mixing 1000 U gr or Meg Grams of B 12
i love a good birch reduction
Btw, did I already say, your lectures are great? Some of your colleagues make me fall asleep every time, but you! 😄
+y2ksw1 thanks! I dont have any colleagues though :p
Nile Red You have ... UA-camrs :)
y2ksw1 ha yes, that is true
Anhydrous ammonia is a gas? Liquid ammonium is aqueous is it not?
Are you using ice bath in and out condensor? Or just water?
So many commenting there's better ways or do this or do that.. listen everyone this is not a how to do the easiest or best way video.. And knowone is saying this!! This video is a specific method video!! Knowone is saying This is the best.. it's just a method specific video out of interest..
I appreciate that you understand :)
Solvated electron is cool.
Awsome I want to try it 😋
Been watching a lot of these videos and this guy sure references meth production a lot.
+HEART OF TEXAS STONE TRANSPORT yep.
+HEART OF TEXAS STONE TRANSPORT um. ok. lol
I want to get a reduction named after me! Perhaps I will have to settle for an oxidation. The Beall oxidation. Sounds good
can i use calcium sulfate as a drying agent
I was thinking it was some new way to make a syrup for birch beer 🍺
I love chemistry
Question: Lithium is hella poisonous etc, is these reagents necessary. I mean what is the mechanism with ALCL3 etc.
please make a video on Chromyl Chloride based reaction.
Next time on NileRed "hello guys today we are going to be making meth"
Well thats easy. Just buying here in the UK isn't :(
You say the benzene comes over at 75, but benzene boils at 80. Not sure you can distinguish between the two compounds by boiling point. It would be more interesting (but not safe) to give it a whiff, benzene smells nice but dienes tend to smell awful.
dont take a wiff of carcinogens
Add more theoretical plates by using a packed column distillation for better separation of products.
@@quantum7401 do you have a BBM application or something else so I can communicate with you
you don't happen to have a paper on the colour of solvated electrons?
Make more videos. I’m stuck watching this old shit
Nile I've been reading, and I'm wondering is their a (reasonable) substitute to the ammonia in this reduction? I see THF and a few others produce the same results. but I'm wondering what about absolute ethanol, or another otc anhydrous amine besides ammonia? to be honest I'd like to not have to authorities looking me over bc the (backyard chemists) use this method and buying dry ice here causes me to show my ID and cause unwanted attention when theirs no need for it.
There are plenty of different ways and methods to reduce things, but this method does require ammonia. What are you trying to reduce?
pseudoephedrin
I did this experiment in the student lab 8 years ago, and we used waaaaaay more glassware, 2 fumehoods full of condensers, ammonia tanks, cooling baths, traps, etc.etc.
That is the benefit of doing it in a proper institution :)
Maybe his house will be condemned as it has all the traces of Meth making ingredients all refluxing off the walls, cuz no fume trap.
Hydrolic hydrate glycerol charge with a diveblast pull cord
how would you have run H-Nmr do you have acess to your universities equipment? just curious.