im from odisha a (tribal state of india) a huge to 🙏UCTV for making these for absolutely for free and this would really help a lot underprivileged students like me who could not afford high qulaity education even in their dreams
Dr. Gundling, I'm currently studying microbiology as part of my nursing pre-requisites and I was pleasantly surprised to find you. I worked at your Chest & Allergy Clinic over a decade ago and I'm glad to see that you are as good a teacher as you are a doctor.
I don't even know why I'm watching, I'm still in high school and I plan to be a journalist, but here I am having fun while watching a long video about immunology... An update 2 years later: i graduated from high school and followed my own path, i’m doing my best to be a great psychologist in the future. Journalism was never a part of my dream, i used to be a kid with that mindset that you should just choose what will make people proud of you and my parents always wanted me to be a journalist, but i am now studying what i really want, i wake up every day to go through all the difficulties a college student faces, but i can tell you guys that i’m happily dealing with all of them because i chose my own path. I’m just saying this because I think that many people are still trying to fit in other’s little box of expectations just to have someone being proud of you, but you know what? it feels even better when you’re the one being proud of yourself. I’m really proud of myself right now! Keep studying, be curious and learn everything you feel like learning, and last but not least: choose yourself, always. ♡
You gotta re-check your interest then. It's the same for me in high school. I was always so sure to pursue Accounting amidst my interest in natural science (especially Biology). Long story short, I took up Accounting and regretted it somewhere in my third year. Now I'm in med school and enjoy every 'difficulty' it gives me 'cause this has always been my interest I feel like I'm born to do this.
Immunology is kinda fascinating. How do these tiny singular cells collaborate together to take down all sorts of different 'space invaders' ranging from viruses, bacteria and parasites. A biological process developed through not ingenuity but instead purely centuries of trial and error. The human body is a incredible feat of engineering. No one ever truly sits down and wonders about the fundamental processes beneath our skins striving to keep us alive every moment of our life. As topping on the cake if we do delve deep enough, conquering diseases that our body fails against such as cancer (which fights a fascinating war against white blood cells) , improvements and even immortality could be within reach.
I very much enjoyed this lecture. Thank you Dr. Gunding. I read a few comments below and see that you are making a remarkable difference in many lives both as clinician and as an educator. Kudos to you.
This is really incredible. You are a great teacher. I attended a lecture that is fundamentally the same but didn't understand much. Thanks to you now I think I got it.
This is a very good lecture! Helped me a lot in understanding the basics of the immune system. I wanted to see what this course was about before I got to studying it in depth. I find it quite interesting
you are an excellent teacher, and you deserve more awards. i will watch this video over again and would always refer back to it in future. Many thanks to you "immunology made easy".
Thank you very much for explaining things so clearly, that was so interesting. I can't believe that I watched the whole video and this isn't even my native language...
This was very useful to recap from lectures at University that I have had so far. I will watch it over again at a later date for the same purpose. It's easy to get wrapped up in the deeper details of immunology and to forget the basic foundations.
I have sinus infections and allergies....year round....and then the usual colds and flu.... and sometimes it is hard to tell when I am actually coming down with an actual cold or flu....My head is ALWAYS full..... Also have a history of asthma, related to allergies...Not as bad as it used to be, but I am always very susceptible to lung congestion and infections.... I have also had a life long interest in medical topics, esp. hematology and immunology..... I can't listen to it all now, but I am saving this so I can come back and hear the whole thing..... Just got started..... A LOT of great videos on here concerning this subject.... Really didn't come up with much on the search engines....and so I thought I would just see if there was ANYTHING on here....and voila!!! Thank you for all of this wonderful material that the average person would not usually have access to in actual life......
This was amazing to watch, and very interesting. I really like it, and I hope I can become a med student in order to see more like it. I am still in highschool, but I really dream to learn such things in the future.
University of Johannesburg Biomedical Technology students please tune up to this video, you guys won’t regret doing that🙆🏽♂️ she is so perfect like you will ever forget what you will study here
it was a good review. I even learned a few new things. I don't think the patient should go into nursing though. With her immunodeficiency... the patient even said that if she is around sick people she becomes ill.
Mam you lecture helped me to understand about immunology. But I too have problem in my immune system.my skin gets peeled in my cheeks quite often. I have problem in my digestion too
I have CVID too, diagnosed in my early 40's. Ran across this video by coincidence as well. A great session, very interested in learning more from this mini-medical school for the public. :)
Watching this in 2022 when a vast number of people have ceased to have any confidence in innate and natural immunity and believe that immunity is only available via syringe.
Impressive. Big talent & experience of the lecturer. Highly appreciate science - w/o IVIG, life would have been very different for Elizabeth. Wondering whether blood type or antibody type is considered when a pt receives donated antibody infusion; and how infused antibodies are eliminated by the immune system at the end of their lives.
I'd like to know the blood types of people who have this disease. Especially what diseases O negative is susceptible to. Why do people have the immuno problems in the first place. What is the foot cause? What types of environment were grandparents in, type of work? All those things need to be factored in...This lady is a great subject to begin researching as far back in the family history and causes of death as possible.
H. Pylori can also cause Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) non-Hodgkin’s Marginal Zone lymphoma. If first diagnosed with this condition patient should be tested for h pylori and put on antibiotics which could actually cure the otherwise incurable indolent lymphoma.
I wish youtube and lectures are available like this on my time in college, maybe I have top the board exam 😁. If the students of today's generation failed the board exam... 🙄🙄🙄 i don't know how future will look like. you know what I mean? ☺️
This is a great example how vaccination can harm children. Elizabeth's parents nor doctors knew she had an immune deficiency condition, and so they just kept giving her vaccines. She got what many people don't realize are commonly reported vaccine injuries, like chronic recurring ear infections and illness, likely from getting pumped with vaccines that nobody realized (yet) didn't work for her, and thus were continued assaults on her immune system, opening her up for increased illness. As is discussed in this video, there are ways to test for such disorders (and this is NOT the only one...there are other genetic defects that can also be tested for, and indicators that your body won't handle vaccines well), but -- as the doctor lecturing here points out -- most doctors are not aware of such tests, and don't think to do them. So, babies everywhere just get blindly injected with vaccines since birth. Elizabeth finally got diagnosed with her disorder at age 7. Even if she would've been diagnosed sooner, many doctors would have still stupidly suggested vaccines because of their programming, while a smaller handful would recognize their potential harm and obvious insignificance in her case. People often say, "If vaccines can cause harm, why don't we hear about it more?" Answer: We DO. The information is there, you just have to listen closely, as it's never the focus. No, even when a news article briefly mentions that all 50 students of a measles outbreak were all vaccinated, they'll end the segment with "so be sure to get your measles vaccine!" They don't focus on the failure of it, they put the focus elsewhere, like emphasizing that a bunch of unvaccinated students were banned from school for three weeks in light of the outbreak. No mention that none of the unvax kids got measles...none of them. Only the vaccinated kids did. But again, focus can distract the listener, if their not seasoned listeners..... Like, I was here to brush up on my immunology details, but then I caught this little detail because, well, that's how my brain is wired. I pick up on these things. So thought I'd share that bit, because not sure if even Elizabeth or her doctors connected those dots. She was born with some defective genes. It doesn't mean she has to be sick all the time, but it tells her she needs to take extra super care of herself to prevent getting sick. So quite obviously, with her condition, nobody should've broken her skin barrier with a vaccine to deliver an assault her system isn't well-equipped to handle. Poor child. Also a perfect example of someone who deserves a medical exemption... Keep that in mind, because States are changing laws to remove exemptions from people. Medical exemptions specifically are very hard to obtain because 1) most doctors refuse to be associated with them, won't write them, are afraid to write them for being red-flagged (even with legitimate supporting back-up, they know it red-flags them for investigation), and/or the hospital/clinic they work for doesn't want them writing any, and 2) if you do find a doctor who isn't afraid to write one (or who is able to), you still have to pay $$$ money for visits, follow-ups, testing, and other diagnostic procedures to determine your underlying issues to support the exemption. Therefore, even when people have legitimate medical reasons, most simply go the "personal/philosophical" exemption route because it's easier and cheaper. You don't have to search high-and-low for a doctor willing to write (which, by the way, is why those few-who-do write a lot...they are the only ones willing to!). With all these medical reasons being filed as the easier, simpler route of a personal exemption -- guess what happens when the State takes away this filing option? Suddenly, all these people/parents have no choice but to get the more expensive, harder-to-find medical exemption. Then the news makes them all look fake by boasting about the "huge rise" in medical exemptions since the law changed. It's not because they're fake...it's because the cheaper, easier option went away for all the people who had medical reasons. Well, now there's a new law in California that has taken away the rights of doctors to approve medical exemptions for their patients, and put them in the hands of the State Public Health Officer, who will only approve exemptions if the child first had a vaccine, and then had an immediate anaphylactic shock in the doctors office. No other reason will apply, including Elizabeth's condition, and other genetic conditions evidenced by DNA testing, etc. I bring this up because people like this need the right to an exemption, and State laws are creeping in to take these away. And with so many people not listening to the details between the chunks of info out there, society is wrongly getting on board with this, when we all SHOULD be fighting to protect our rights, and our doctor-patient relationships, and the rights of our doctors to make the best decisions for us. It also includes automatic investigation for any doctor who writes more than 5 exemptions per year, but again -- with willing doctors being so far-and-few -- OF COURSE they will be writing more than 5 per year, because they're the only ones willing to. Other doctors have often referred their own patients to these un-afraid doctors for exemptions, complete with letters of referral for why they feel they need one, and all the supporting documentation for it. But now with this new law (SB276), NO doctor will continue writing any exemptions at all (one has told me this). California has joined the ranks of a medical tyranny state, affecting both patients and the doctors who desire to protect their health. Don't let your State take away your rights. If they already have, fight to get them back. Children like young Elizabeth deserve these few doctors who actually know about these tests, and can make better choices. Not all doctors know.
One of the joys of the Internet when the everyday person has access to such quality educational material
Very good
Right👍
Nèstor jeanmaire e
Hi redding was
Nèstor jeanmaire e
She is one of the best speaker i have ever heard in my scientific career .. 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
I’ve never been so attentive during a lecture. She needs to win awards for being an incredible and engaging educator!
Yes she is.
Honestly she should be given an award🙌🏻
im from odisha a (tribal state of india) a huge to 🙏UCTV for making these for absolutely for free and this would really help a lot underprivileged students like me who could not afford high qulaity education even in their dreams
Dr. Gundling is so dynamic! I came across this completely by accident, but I’m a subscriber now.
Dr. Gundling, I'm currently studying microbiology as part of my nursing pre-requisites and I was pleasantly surprised to find you. I worked at your Chest & Allergy Clinic over a decade ago and I'm glad to see that you are as good a teacher as you are a doctor.
I love these better than the “crash courses” and “immunology made easy” videos
Yeah same, because if people make immunology easy then they will learn nothing about it, because immunology is very hard to understand.
Crazy what vaccines done to that poor patient. "born healthy, and then I had a load of vaccines"
I don't even know why I'm watching, I'm still in high school and I plan to be a journalist, but here I am having fun while watching a long video about immunology...
An update 2 years later: i graduated from high school and followed my own path, i’m doing my best to be a great psychologist in the future. Journalism was never a part of my dream, i used to be a kid with that mindset that you should just choose what will make people proud of you and my parents always wanted me to be a journalist, but i am now studying what i really want, i wake up every day to go through all the difficulties a college student faces, but i can tell you guys that i’m happily dealing with all of them because i chose my own path. I’m just saying this because I think that many people are still trying to fit in other’s little box of expectations just to have someone being proud of you, but you know what? it feels even better when you’re the one being proud of yourself. I’m really proud of myself right now! Keep studying, be curious and learn everything you feel like learning, and last but not least: choose yourself, always. ♡
bunnyseok same
You gotta re-check your interest then. It's the same for me in high school. I was always so sure to pursue Accounting amidst my interest in natural science (especially Biology). Long story short, I took up Accounting and regretted it somewhere in my third year. Now I'm in med school and enjoy every 'difficulty' it gives me 'cause this has always been my interest I feel like I'm born to do this.
Immunology is kinda fascinating. How do these tiny singular cells collaborate together to take down all sorts of different 'space invaders' ranging from viruses, bacteria and parasites. A biological process developed through not ingenuity but instead purely centuries of trial and error.
The human body is a incredible feat of engineering. No one ever truly sits down and wonders about the fundamental processes beneath our skins striving to keep us alive every moment of our life. As topping on the cake if we do delve deep enough, conquering diseases that our body fails against such as cancer (which fights a fascinating war against white blood cells) , improvements and even immortality could be within reach.
Curiosity about a wide variety of subjects is a sign of intelligence. Keep it up.
GOOD FOR YOU!!
Don't you think that everybody should know those kinds of things?.
What a wonderful introduction to Immunology. This is what professors need to learn how to do.
Thank you,all . University doctors California for educational programming. Forever grateful 13.3.2020
I very much enjoyed this lecture. Thank you Dr. Gunding. I read a few comments below and see that you are making a remarkable difference in many lives both as clinician and as an educator. Kudos to you.
Thank you to all the people who have done this kind of work in order to improve our understanding either disease or any illness in the world today!
This is really incredible.
You are a great teacher. I attended a lecture that is fundamentally the same but didn't understand much. Thanks to you now I think I got it.
she is an inspiration, God bless her
This lecturer is a very good speaker, its very easy to grasp what she is teaching
Great teacher, Doctor, learned so much about natural immune system of humans. Much thanks to Elisabeth for shearing the experience for sake of others.
This is a very good lecture! Helped me a lot in understanding the basics of the immune system. I wanted to see what this course was about before I got to studying it in depth. I find it quite interesting
Very long, but not boring. Very great lecture!
I agree
I learned so much about immune system from Dr Katherine, high recommended for other viewer.
you are an excellent teacher, and you deserve more awards. i will watch this video over again and would always refer back to it in future. Many thanks to you "immunology made easy".
Yo she is such a pleasure to watch! what a great video to watch before starting my immuno review
I was having trouble in one of my nursong class identifying antibodies,B-T cells and antigens, Thanks you so much. I learned so much from this video.
Such an insightful video! Blows me away to get a glimpse of the complexity of the immune response!
Thank you
Thank you very much for explaining things so clearly, that was so interesting. I can't believe that I watched the whole video and this isn't even my native language...
I have benefited and inspired a lot through it . Love from Assam, India. May God bless you Dr. Katherine.
40:15 Yes. CORRECTION: Cillia actually DO regrow..Can check on google if you want..
I listened to this entire thing in work. 10/10. Very informative and made the time fly by quickly
I'm a physician...immunology was scarce in school...thanks
A very friendly explanation, comparisons, and analogies. I love this! Thank you very much for this video.
This was very useful to recap from lectures at University that I have had so far. I will watch it over again at a later date for the same purpose. It's easy to get wrapped up in the deeper details of immunology and to forget the basic foundations.
Currently taking pathophysiology. Thank you for this video!
Thank You, Mrs Gundling..Great inspiration, also for an engineer like me from Istanbul/Turkey...
Wish I had this program 15years ago. It would have been a very big help to me as a teacher in Microbiology and Immunology
Great lecture by a great teacher. So ,gentle so clear and articulate are the qualities that sets her apart from others.
I skipped my lunch to watch the video. Well worth my time! ❤️ 😊 Thank you!
Excellent talk, clearly explained and made interesting with a living patient who shares her experiences.
N.v mlm. N qm
Honestly, I do not know which is more interesting; watching a top rated blockbuster or watching this lecture.
I have sinus infections and allergies....year round....and then the usual colds and flu.... and sometimes it is hard to tell when I am actually coming down with an actual cold or flu....My head is ALWAYS full..... Also have a history of asthma, related to allergies...Not as bad as it used to be, but I am always very susceptible to lung congestion and infections....
I have also had a life long interest in medical topics, esp. hematology and immunology..... I can't listen to it all now, but I am saving this so I can come back and hear the whole thing..... Just got started..... A LOT of great videos on here concerning this subject.... Really didn't come up with much on the search engines....and so I thought I would just see if there was ANYTHING on here....and voila!!! Thank you for all of this wonderful material that the average person would not usually have access to in actual life......
What if all the ailments you suffer from were caused by vaccinations? What if your immune system has been compromised by vaccines?
That video of neutrophil chasing and
Consuming bacteria
was unbelievable!!
I didn’t know they had videos like that! 😱
I took immunology last semester. It's such an amazing course!
I feel so much smarter :-) Lovely teacher
This was amazing to watch, and very interesting. I really like it, and I hope I can become a med student in order to see more like it. I am still in highschool, but I really dream to learn such things in the future.
C
Thank you so much for this lecture.I really enjoyed
An excellent example and clearly explained-such interesting topics. 👏👍🏻
Beautiful.. love to have more videos from people like you!!!
I was really immersed into the topic by the way Mrs Elizabeth taught
I wish our local universities(Kenya) would be taking us through the lectures like this
Always good to learn for everything. Thank you very much.
Very good introductory summary, wonderful doctor.
Thank you very much it was fun and very educating watching this video. Well done Dr
Wow! Loved the video, this lady is amazing :)
*Who's else watching this during CoronaVirus pandemic?*
Me! Sure as hell can't get this kind of information from the media...
UA-cam put it in my feed today.
This covid-19 is just another strain of flu.
@@ross5506 I agree with you. Overblown to manipulate the public.
Me, i also have been watching Dr. Judy Mikovitz she and Virologyist she worked on vaccines.
University of Johannesburg Biomedical Technology students please tune up to this video, you guys won’t regret doing that🙆🏽♂️ she is so perfect like you will ever forget what you will study here
it was a good review. I even learned a few new things. I don't think the patient should go into nursing though. With her immunodeficiency... the patient even said that if she is around sick people she becomes ill.
Professor, you are amazing.
Well explained,clear and precise to the point
Very enlightening. Thanks!
Excellent presentation. Thanks.
Mam you lecture helped me to understand about immunology. But I too have problem in my immune system.my skin gets peeled in my cheeks quite often. I have problem in my digestion too
This is a very good lecture!
Wonderful. You make it so interesting. I did not go to sleep listening. Thank you very much.
so lucky 2 be able to watch this here
3:25 to start
Very interesting video! Excellent job miss Katherine and Thank You!
Great video! Pretty informatively
I have CVID too, diagnosed in my early 40's. Ran across this video by coincidence as well. A great session, very interested in learning more from this mini-medical school for the public. :)
Antibodies are also given to children through breast milk. 1:06:00
Great lecture, amazing video!!!
Accurate and clear! Thanks
Awesome lecture! Thank you!
those saying bad things aren't making any sense, this is a decent review
Excellent lecture
Mature learner here. Thank you
Watching this in 2022 when a vast number of people have ceased to have any confidence in innate and natural immunity and believe that immunity is only available via syringe.
Great lecture mam...so much intresting...like your accent..very helpful....💗💗
Thank you❤❤❤ I've learned a lot on this video!
Amazing teacher!
Impressive. Big talent & experience of the lecturer. Highly appreciate science - w/o IVIG, life would have been very different for Elizabeth. Wondering whether blood type or antibody type is considered when a pt receives donated antibody infusion; and how infused antibodies are eliminated by the immune system at the end of their lives.
Can I ask,the references range 0.45-0.65
Neutrophils 0.68 it is really high?
I'd like to know the blood types of people who have this disease. Especially what diseases O negative is susceptible to. Why do people have the immuno problems in the first place. What is the foot cause? What types of environment were grandparents in, type of work? All those things need to be factored in...This lady is a great subject to begin researching as far back in the family history and causes of death as possible.
Great presentation. Wish everyone would watch the science-based UA-cam videos before watching the “Super Immune Diet” junk science videos. Thanks.
Very well done. Thank you. I think there is a mistake at 41:00 when you associated the lymphocyte with the innate system.
Great lecture and teaching! Thanks for sharing!
Such a brilliant lecture,thanks very much.
H. Pylori can also cause Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) non-Hodgkin’s Marginal Zone lymphoma. If first diagnosed with this condition patient should be tested for h pylori and put on antibiotics which could actually cure the otherwise incurable indolent lymphoma.
Great lecture mam God bless u☺️☺️
Thank you 🌹🌹
what an amazing Doctor!
such an engaging speaker!! this is amazing!
Very informative. Wish I had been better informed decades ago. Thank you.
great lecture! thanks so much. also what a great idea to have a mini med school open to the public!
Thank you. This helped me understand my friend's lymphoma. (Dr. Gundling: We're not worthy. We're not worthy. We're not worthy.)
id really like to know more about the relationship between the immune system and the microbiome
So would immunologists!
Thnx alot for sharing this knowledge
I love this video so much!
Thanks for your hard work
quite helpful watching from Pakistan
Hello and thank you for the information. I want to ask about the name of the lecturer to follow her lectures on immunity
Great lecture!
Thanks, Doc...
I wish youtube and lectures are available like this on my time in college, maybe I have top the board exam 😁. If the students of today's generation failed the board exam... 🙄🙄🙄 i don't know how future will look like. you know what I mean? ☺️
This is a great example how vaccination can harm children. Elizabeth's parents nor doctors knew she had an immune deficiency condition, and so they just kept giving her vaccines. She got what many people don't realize are commonly reported vaccine injuries, like chronic recurring ear infections and illness, likely from getting pumped with vaccines that nobody realized (yet) didn't work for her, and thus were continued assaults on her immune system, opening her up for increased illness. As is discussed in this video, there are ways to test for such disorders (and this is NOT the only one...there are other genetic defects that can also be tested for, and indicators that your body won't handle vaccines well), but -- as the doctor lecturing here points out -- most doctors are not aware of such tests, and don't think to do them. So, babies everywhere just get blindly injected with vaccines since birth. Elizabeth finally got diagnosed with her disorder at age 7. Even if she would've been diagnosed sooner, many doctors would have still stupidly suggested vaccines because of their programming, while a smaller handful would recognize their potential harm and obvious insignificance in her case.
People often say, "If vaccines can cause harm, why don't we hear about it more?" Answer: We DO. The information is there, you just have to listen closely, as it's never the focus. No, even when a news article briefly mentions that all 50 students of a measles outbreak were all vaccinated, they'll end the segment with "so be sure to get your measles vaccine!" They don't focus on the failure of it, they put the focus elsewhere, like emphasizing that a bunch of unvaccinated students were banned from school for three weeks in light of the outbreak. No mention that none of the unvax kids got measles...none of them. Only the vaccinated kids did. But again, focus can distract the listener, if their not seasoned listeners..... Like, I was here to brush up on my immunology details, but then I caught this little detail because, well, that's how my brain is wired. I pick up on these things.
So thought I'd share that bit, because not sure if even Elizabeth or her doctors connected those dots. She was born with some defective genes. It doesn't mean she has to be sick all the time, but it tells her she needs to take extra super care of herself to prevent getting sick. So quite obviously, with her condition, nobody should've broken her skin barrier with a vaccine to deliver an assault her system isn't well-equipped to handle. Poor child.
Also a perfect example of someone who deserves a medical exemption... Keep that in mind, because States are changing laws to remove exemptions from people. Medical exemptions specifically are very hard to obtain because 1) most doctors refuse to be associated with them, won't write them, are afraid to write them for being red-flagged (even with legitimate supporting back-up, they know it red-flags them for investigation), and/or the hospital/clinic they work for doesn't want them writing any, and 2) if you do find a doctor who isn't afraid to write one (or who is able to), you still have to pay $$$ money for visits, follow-ups, testing, and other diagnostic procedures to determine your underlying issues to support the exemption. Therefore, even when people have legitimate medical reasons, most simply go the "personal/philosophical" exemption route because it's easier and cheaper. You don't have to search high-and-low for a doctor willing to write (which, by the way, is why those few-who-do write a lot...they are the only ones willing to!).
With all these medical reasons being filed as the easier, simpler route of a personal exemption -- guess what happens when the State takes away this filing option? Suddenly, all these people/parents have no choice but to get the more expensive, harder-to-find medical exemption. Then the news makes them all look fake by boasting about the "huge rise" in medical exemptions since the law changed. It's not because they're fake...it's because the cheaper, easier option went away for all the people who had medical reasons.
Well, now there's a new law in California that has taken away the rights of doctors to approve medical exemptions for their patients, and put them in the hands of the State Public Health Officer, who will only approve exemptions if the child first had a vaccine, and then had an immediate anaphylactic shock in the doctors office. No other reason will apply, including Elizabeth's condition, and other genetic conditions evidenced by DNA testing, etc. I bring this up because people like this need the right to an exemption, and State laws are creeping in to take these away. And with so many people not listening to the details between the chunks of info out there, society is wrongly getting on board with this, when we all SHOULD be fighting to protect our rights, and our doctor-patient relationships, and the rights of our doctors to make the best decisions for us. It also includes automatic investigation for any doctor who writes more than 5 exemptions per year, but again -- with willing doctors being so far-and-few -- OF COURSE they will be writing more than 5 per year, because they're the only ones willing to. Other doctors have often referred their own patients to these un-afraid doctors for exemptions, complete with letters of referral for why they feel they need one, and all the supporting documentation for it. But now with this new law (SB276), NO doctor will continue writing any exemptions at all (one has told me this). California has joined the ranks of a medical tyranny state, affecting both patients and the doctors who desire to protect their health.
Don't let your State take away your rights. If they already have, fight to get them back. Children like young Elizabeth deserve these few doctors who actually know about these tests, and can make better choices. Not all doctors know.
Thank you for your thorough explanation in opening our eyes