Implement A Binary Heap - An Efficient Implementation of The Priority Queue ADT (Abstract Data Type)

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  • Опубліковано 28 лис 2024

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  • @BackToBackSWE
    @BackToBackSWE  5 років тому +65

    Table of Contents:
    Plugging The Channel 0:00 - 0:36
    The Problem Introduction 0:36 - 1:13
    A Heap Is Not An ADT 1:13 - 1:43
    The ADT Priority Queue 1:43 - 3:39
    The Min and Max Heap 3:39 - 5:50
    Insertions & Removals On A Min Heap 5:50 - 8:57
    Our First Removal 8:57 - 11:16
    Continue Insertions 11:16 - 13:20
    Our Second Removal 13:20 - 15:21
    Our Third Removal 15:21 - 15:54
    Continue Insertions 15:54 - 17:47
    Notice Our Heaps Contents 17:47 - 18:32
    Time Complexity For Insertion & Removal 18:32 - 19:35
    Wrap Up 19:35 - 20:00
    The code is in the description fully commented for teaching purposes.

    • @Rhythmswithruby
      @Rhythmswithruby 4 роки тому +16

      I don't see the code in the description or a link to it. Am I blind or is it gone?

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  4 роки тому +2

      The repository is deprecated - we only maintain backtobackswe.com now

    • @jonfun449
      @jonfun449 4 роки тому +8

      @@BackToBackSWE So it's not free anymore?

    • @goblin1390
      @goblin1390 4 роки тому

      where can i find c++ code... and I don't find any code in description

    • @charan_75
      @charan_75 3 роки тому +8

      @@Rhythmswithruby public class Solution {
      /*
      A min heap implementation
      Array Form: [ 5, 7, 6, 10, 15, 17, 12 ]
      Complete Binary Tree Form:
      5
      / \
      7 6
      / \ / \
      10 15 17 12
      Mappings:
      Parent -> (childIndex - 1) / 2
      Left Child -> 2 * parentIndex + 1
      Right Child -> 2 * parentIndex + 2
      */
      private static class MinHeap {
      private int capacity = 5;
      private int heap[];
      private int size;
      public MinHeap() {
      heap = new int[capacity];
      }
      public boolean isEmpty() {
      return size == 0;
      }
      public int peek() {
      if (isEmpty()) {
      throw new NoSuchElementException("Heap is empty.");
      }
      return heap[0];
      }
      public int remove() {
      if (isEmpty()) {
      throw new NoSuchElementException("Heap is empty.");
      }
      /*
      -> Grab the min item. It is at index 0.
      -> Move the last item in the heap to the "top" of the
      heap at index 0.
      -> Reduce size.
      */
      int minItem = heap[0];
      heap[0] = heap[size - 1];
      size--;
      /*
      Restore the heap since it is very likely messed up now
      by bubbling down the element we swapped up to index 0
      */
      heapifyDown();
      return minItem;
      }
      public void add(int itemToAdd) {
      ensureExtraCapacity();
      /*
      -> Place the item at the bottom, far right, of the
      conceptual binary heap structure
      -> Increment size
      */
      heap[size] = itemToAdd;
      size++;
      /*
      Restore the heap since it is very likely messed up now
      by bubbling up the element we just put in the last empty
      position of the conceptual complete binary tree
      */
      siftUp();
      }
      /***********************************
      Heap restoration helpers
      ***********************************/
      private void heapifyDown() {
      /*
      We will bubble down the item just swapped to the "top" of the heap
      after a removal operation to restore the heap
      */
      int index = 0;
      /*
      Since a binary heap is a complete binary tree, if we have no left child
      then we have no right child. So we continue to bubble down as long as
      there is a left child.
      A non-existent left child immediately tells us that a right child does
      not exist.
      */
      while (hasLeftChild(index)) {
      /*
      By default assume that left child is smaller. If a right
      child exists see if it can overtake the left child by
      being smaller
      */
      int smallerChildIndex = getLeftChildIndex(index);
      if (hasRightChild(index) && rightChild(index) < leftChild(index)) {
      smallerChildIndex = getRightChildIndex(index);
      }
      /*
      If the item we are sitting on is < the smaller child then
      nothing needs to happen & sifting down is finished.
      But if the smaller child is smaller than the node we are
      holding, we should swap and continue sifting down.
      */
      if (heap[index] < heap[smallerChildIndex]) {
      break;
      } else {
      swap(index, smallerChildIndex);
      }
      // Move to the node we just swapped down
      index = smallerChildIndex;
      }
      }
      // Bubble up the item we inserted at the "end" of the heap
      private void siftUp() {
      /*
      We will bubble up the item just inserted into to the "bottom"
      of the heap after an insert operation. It will be at the last index
      so index 'size' - 1
      */
      int index = size - 1;
      /*
      While the item has a parent and the item beats its parent in
      smallness, bubble this item up.
      */
      while (hasParent(index) && heap[index] < parent(index)) {
      swap(getParentIndex(index), index);
      index = getParentIndex(index);
      }
      }
      /************************************************
      Helpers to access our array easily, perform
      rudimentary operations, and manipulate capacity
      ************************************************/
      private void swap(int indexOne, int indexTwo) {
      int temp = heap[indexOne];
      heap[indexOne] = heap[indexTwo];
      heap[indexTwo] = temp;
      }
      // If heap is full then double capacity
      private void ensureExtraCapacity() {
      if (size == capacity) {
      heap = Arrays.copyOf(heap, capacity * 2);
      capacity *= 2;
      }
      }
      private int getLeftChildIndex(int parentIndex) {
      return 2 * parentIndex + 1;
      }
      private int getRightChildIndex(int parentIndex) {
      return 2 * parentIndex + 2;
      }
      private int getParentIndex(int childIndex) {
      return (childIndex - 1) / 2;
      }
      private boolean hasLeftChild(int index) {
      return getLeftChildIndex(index) < size;
      }
      private boolean hasRightChild(int index) {
      return getRightChildIndex(index) < size;
      }
      private boolean hasParent(int index) {
      return index != 0 && getParentIndex(index) >= 0;
      }
      private int leftChild(int index) {
      return heap[getLeftChildIndex(index)];
      }
      private int rightChild(int index) {
      return heap[getRightChildIndex(index)];
      }
      private int parent(int index) {
      return heap[getParentIndex(index)];
      }
      }
      }

  • @superparth1995
    @superparth1995 5 років тому +199

    This man explains better than my prof who has a PhD in Comp Sci lmao One of the best channels to understand Data Structures!

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  5 років тому +8

      hey

    • @dewman7477
      @dewman7477 3 роки тому +1

      @@BackToBackSWE hey have one question. What would be time complexity (both iterative and recursive) for verifying/building a general K-ary max heap (not just binary but for ternary and so forth)?

    • @arnabbanik6403
      @arnabbanik6403 2 роки тому

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    • @howardlam6181
      @howardlam6181 2 роки тому

      well, you do realise you are visiting this topic not the first time?

    • @dennistang5935
      @dennistang5935 Рік тому

      Well getting a PhD doesn't really correlate with how well you can explain a simple-data structure

  • @brandonhui1298
    @brandonhui1298 5 років тому +95

    i really appreciate the fact you edit out the insane amount of erasing and rewriting youre doing in all of these. each of these videos must take so long to record and edit O_O thanks mate

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  5 років тому +25

      hahahahhaha, thanks for noticing the details. Yeah each video takes from 4-6 hours from shooting to editing.

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    @mariasandru7 5 років тому +37

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    @markrosenthal1129 Рік тому

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      @BackToBackSWE  11 місяців тому

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    @VinothiniAnabayan 4 роки тому +21

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    @sacheras3 Рік тому +1

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    @lavanya_m01 7 місяців тому

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    @adrijasamanta7949 3 роки тому

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    @thihathantsin1934 4 роки тому +1

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    @prajyotp4981 3 роки тому

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    @FernandoRodriguez-et7qj Рік тому +1

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    @Camilojar27 2 роки тому

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    @Gzzzzzz111 4 роки тому +1

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  • @tannerbarcelos6880
    @tannerbarcelos6880 5 років тому +3

    This is literally a legendary video lol. I am learning BST and Heap in my data strucutres class and i understand majority of the BST stuff, but the heap was like, easy to understand but weird as hell to understand that its no longer an ADT etc. You did a great job explaining all this.

  • @coztigers98
    @coztigers98 4 роки тому

    I had an onsite question that involved heaps... I didn't get the offer, and went on a berserk mode to understand where I went wrong. Your explanation is the clearest one I've seen. Thank you.

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    @tombrady7390 4 роки тому +4

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    @ivanzalomin7740 2 роки тому

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    @fablesfables 5 років тому +6

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    @guardianoftheledge4966 4 роки тому +2

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    @minerbytrade982 4 роки тому +10

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    @adithyaharish3530 4 роки тому +1

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  • @sim77778777
    @sim77778777 5 років тому +27

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    @juanandresnunez658 5 років тому +2

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    @mahdizarepoor8964 3 роки тому

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  • @jacobmoore8734
    @jacobmoore8734 4 роки тому +2

    This man smokes tricky concepts like it aint no thing! @B2BSWE, I like how you explain the concepts and don't just immediately jump into optimized code. I've seen videos like that before, where I guess the goal is to memorize a process and I walk away feeling unsure about what I "learned".

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    @FracturedOctopus Рік тому

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  • @supastar25
    @supastar25 4 роки тому +1

    Best explanation of heaps I've seen on here..thanks dude..so easy to follow.

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    @OK-cy2mc 4 роки тому +1

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  • @amruthap6334
    @amruthap6334 4 роки тому +2

    thank you so much. actually i have implemented priority queue through linked list but then my prof said i have to implement through heaps. This is a very confusing topic but you actually made it so easy and understandable. ❤🌹

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    @charlottelai-g9o Рік тому

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    @cobrafriends 5 років тому +20

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    @deli5777 2 роки тому +1

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      @BackToBackSWE  2 роки тому

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    @SR-we1vl 4 роки тому +1

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    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  4 роки тому

      Thanks and no I don't, I had/have a mission and it has nothing to do with me. And yeah, I reply to everyone. And sure.

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    @CheugyJesus 2 роки тому +2

    I’ve been looking for an instructor like you since i first started studying computer science almost seven years ago

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      @BackToBackSWE  2 роки тому

      Glad to hear that!

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      @BackToBackSWE  2 роки тому

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    @nenotdope6913 2 роки тому

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    @joandaa 5 років тому +1

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  • @resmiramakrishnan1260
    @resmiramakrishnan1260 4 роки тому +1

    Please add captions...I'm taking notes of this concise and precise video, indeed a precious video. Thank you

  • @udithkumarv734
    @udithkumarv734 4 роки тому +3

    Helped me implement this in minutes thanks to the video.

  • @SomeOne-rx2xw
    @SomeOne-rx2xw 3 роки тому

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  • @GraniLP
    @GraniLP 3 роки тому

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  • @RubyLee-pc1lj
    @RubyLee-pc1lj 7 місяців тому

    This video explains the remove so well.

  • @rica11tv
    @rica11tv 4 роки тому +1

    bro, U R soooo way better than my instructor

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  4 роки тому

      thx - you instructor is probably giving an effort though

    • @rica11tv
      @rica11tv 4 роки тому

      @@BackToBackSWE yes ofcourse, he is trying his best but still you are kinda better

  • @adrienjean4196
    @adrienjean4196 4 роки тому +2

    Man this vid is so rad! This is the best explanation I've seen yet. I've always wanted to implement compression with huffman coding and now this is is very clear. I never bothered to learn what log n complexity meant (altho I'm supposed to be a a dev) but now this is obvious. Like if you double the size of the elements in the binary tree you only have to go one step further to bubble up or down one element by comparing and swaping with parents/children hence it's log since it depends of the exponent value. Thank's.

  • @pandaonsteroids5154
    @pandaonsteroids5154 Рік тому

    Thanks. Short and sweet review for my exam.

  • @홍성의-i2y
    @홍성의-i2y Рік тому

    18:31 complexity of removal and instertion (under the premise that we are maintaining the min-heap). The key idea is that the height of the tree is log_2(n) where n is the length of the data.

  • @vidyabk1083
    @vidyabk1083 5 років тому +58

    Interviewer: 'Heap'
    Me: 'parent am I smaller than you' 😋
    Interviewer: ....
    P.S: thanks for these awesome videos!

  • @masudahmed5879
    @masudahmed5879 4 роки тому +3

    Absolutely amazing and thorough. Beautiful breakdown. Best explanation I have seen yet and could not have been better. Will check out your products and really hope your full courses and career services come in time for upcoming graduation and recruitment!

  • @guowanqi9004
    @guowanqi9004 5 років тому +11

    9:44 heapify, such a cool word, I'm gona start using it

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  5 років тому +1

      lol, I don't think it is a real word

    • @neurochannels
      @neurochannels 5 років тому +2

      @@BackToBackSWE in python standard library: heapq.heapify(x) is a thing. :)

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  5 років тому

      @@neurochannels nice

    • @bostonlights2749
      @bostonlights2749 4 роки тому +1

      Yeah...something out of a spell from Harry Potter

  • @__manish_kumar__
    @__manish_kumar__ 4 роки тому +1

    hey , i think you could have added one more part to video, that is how can we use array to store heap, and that can also make anyone understand how it is even possible to get last element from tree, and how to even know which one is parent of node.
    But yeah, explanation was just awesomeeee.

  • @karimkohel3240
    @karimkohel3240 4 роки тому +1

    DUDE you are killin it, thank you.

  • @NeerajSharma-oz1mm
    @NeerajSharma-oz1mm 4 роки тому +1

    I’m becoming a fan of yours...
    very nice explanation

  • @prajakta_patil
    @prajakta_patil 5 років тому +2

    Best Explanation on Internet :)

  • @daniilsitdikov8561
    @daniilsitdikov8561 3 роки тому

    The best explanation ever!

  • @terryrodgers9560
    @terryrodgers9560 2 роки тому

    This dude is a straight boss I love your videos man 👍

  • @join2nitin
    @join2nitin 4 роки тому +1

    You are great teacher, what a clear explanation of each topic. Please post more learning videos of popular algorithms

  • @ericnunez984
    @ericnunez984 2 роки тому

    You can retrieve the min and max in both a min-heap and max-heap in constant time. They are always the first index and the (heap.size - 1) index of the heap

  • @muzammilnxs
    @muzammilnxs 2 роки тому

    So, when you say it takes constant time - O(1) to do peek of the heap, does it mean the caller of the heap does not care about the heap restoration operations. I am assuming the heap restoration operations happens asynchronously in the background. Am I correct on this one?

  • @lwinchohtun9338
    @lwinchohtun9338 2 роки тому

    You are so amazing... I think I'm best lucky for choosing this video tutorial among many others....

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    @rachelgilyard3430 3 роки тому

    Glad I found your channel

  • @REKHAKUMARI-lv8mz
    @REKHAKUMARI-lv8mz 4 роки тому +1

    Best videos on data structure. Already said that, will say it again!!

  • @eve7947
    @eve7947 5 років тому +5

    Thank you so much for your videos that make algorithm so much easier to understand! Looking forward to more of them:)

  • @Leo-yw1fj
    @Leo-yw1fj 3 місяці тому

    i think there is a mistake at first removal around 8:58. Instead of selecting the minimum child, the max child was selected for replacement of parent node. This was corrected later in the video

  • @Black-xy4pj
    @Black-xy4pj 2 роки тому

    I have to applaud you for this! Thank you, thank you! I love how u put it in Layman's term

  • @socaexpress
    @socaexpress 5 років тому +1

    Excellent video buddy really solidified the concept of a binary heap for me

  • @allan_cm
    @allan_cm 3 роки тому

    OMG you explain so clear! Thanks!

  • @millermeares6676
    @millermeares6676 5 років тому +1

    This man knows his shit.

  • @tasnimsart3430
    @tasnimsart3430 2 роки тому

    You should really make complete courses you are so great

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  2 роки тому

      Thank you, We have complete course on our platform 😀
      Do check out backtobackswe.com/platform/content
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  • @babybloo1818
    @babybloo1818 3 роки тому +1

    Hi, really great video, thanks! I don’t see the code in the description, am I missing something?

  • @adityasrivastava8790
    @adityasrivastava8790 4 роки тому +2

    Thanks John

  • @mrkyeokabe
    @mrkyeokabe 5 років тому +1

    very clear explanation & examples

  • @arunadang2130
    @arunadang2130 4 роки тому +2

    The explanation is perfect but It will be great if you also explain a clean code with the explanation. So that we don't have to search for the code.

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  4 роки тому

      thanks and the respository is deprecated - we only maintain backtobackswe.com now.

  • @djfedor
    @djfedor 5 років тому +5

    Great video, as always! Nice job!

  • @aaryadeshpande1621
    @aaryadeshpande1621 2 роки тому

    At 13:22, I think 0, (next row) 10, 20, (next row), 15, 30, but 15 is where I get confused since shouldn't the number in 15's place be larger than 20? I thought each number increases as you go from left to right, then down to the next row below, keeps increasing.

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    @yarenm4492 4 роки тому +1

    You are a hero dude, seriously saved my ass with this video

  • @2990steven
    @2990steven 2 роки тому

    amazing brother - nice and simple - keep going, i'll be checking here first!

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  2 роки тому

      Thank you, glad you liked it 😀
      Do check out backtobackswe.com/platform/content
      and please recommend us to your family and friends 😀

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    @miguel119x 4 роки тому +1

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  • @EduardoMatus
    @EduardoMatus 3 роки тому

    Amazing explanation!

  • @vusalnebiyev3984
    @vusalnebiyev3984 2 роки тому

    Thanks for the awesome explanation.

  • @brandonoakes8025
    @brandonoakes8025 4 роки тому +1

    Another game changer video. I had a question about Abstract Data Types vs Data Structures. I am confused how a heap is not an Abstract Data Type since when we insert or remove from the heap we are adding (behavior) to the heap and it makes me think of it as an Abstract Data type (values and set of operations on these values). I know I am looking at this incorrectly but any clarity would be appreciated 🤙

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  4 роки тому

      Thanks. The ADT is priority queue and the heap is the data structure, see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_queue#Implementation

  • @yolokazinogantsho8111
    @yolokazinogantsho8111 2 роки тому

    Thank you!!!!! You are so good, its hard not to recommend you

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  2 роки тому

      Thank you, glad you liked it 😀
      Do check out backtobackswe.com/platform/content
      and please recommend us to your family and friends 😀

  • @ameynaik2743
    @ameynaik2743 3 роки тому

    Great videos! Where can I find the solution? Looks like the code link is missing?

  • @nyahhbinghi
    @nyahhbinghi 5 років тому +1

    In order to insert and keep tree complete/balanced, seems like we need to use breadth first search, and find first node without a right child?

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  5 років тому +1

      No breadth first search, the heap will be encoded into an array. View the heap sort video.

  • @sheetalborar6813
    @sheetalborar6813 2 роки тому

    you are an excellent teacher! thankyou!!

  • @mmaranta785
    @mmaranta785 3 роки тому

    You’re an awesome teacher!

  • @techhackz2897
    @techhackz2897 3 роки тому

    full program in c++ for max heap and heap sort
    #include
    #include
    #include
    #include
    #include
    #include
    #include
    using namespace std;
    struct node
    {
    int data;
    node* left;
    node* right;
    node* prev;
    };
    class max_heap
    {
    private:
    int first=1;
    node* rroot;
    node* act;
    node* last;
    queue q1;
    stack stack1;
    void traverse11(node *ptr , int x=0)
    {
    if(ptr!=NULL)
    {
    coutprev=temp1;
    q1.push(new1);
    q1.push(new1);
    check(new1);
    }else if(temp1->right==NULL)
    {
    temp1->right=new1;
    new1->prev=temp1;
    q1.push(new1);
    q1.push(new1);
    check(new1);
    }
    }
    }
    int peek()
    {
    return rroot->data;
    }
    void pop()
    {
    node *last=stack1.top();
    act=last->prev;
    if(stack1.size()==1)
    {
    cout

  • @faris.abuali
    @faris.abuali 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks! 🧡🧡

    • @BackToBackSWE
      @BackToBackSWE  2 роки тому

      Thank you, glad you liked it 😀
      Do check out backtobackswe.com/platform/content
      and please recommend us to your family and friends 😀

  • @aneeshmv8201
    @aneeshmv8201 4 роки тому +1

    Please do more on Dynamic Programming. Please. You are God. Please.

  • @shijiama4946
    @shijiama4946 5 років тому +1

    helps a lot when im preparing for final thx!

  • @kapuluru5964
    @kapuluru5964 3 роки тому

    thnq so much man. it helped me a lot.Excellent explanation

  • @stevenaguilar8697
    @stevenaguilar8697 4 роки тому +1

    I'm impress what a great explanation!

  • @bostonlights2749
    @bostonlights2749 4 роки тому +1

    Love from India

  • @absurdname5492
    @absurdname5492 3 роки тому

    you just saved my semester

  • @kirkchu7304
    @kirkchu7304 3 роки тому

    I don't see the code in the description, maybe I might be missing something?

  • @willyistheone
    @willyistheone Рік тому

    very detailed explaination

  • @ttoktassynov
    @ttoktassynov 4 роки тому +1

    great explanation! thanks!

  • @matheuscosta5330
    @matheuscosta5330 3 роки тому

    I love this music at the end