A new kind of cell division
Вставка
- Опубліковано 26 кві 2022
- For hundreds of years there have only been two main types of cell division in animals. But now researchers have identified a new and unexpected kind of cell division that occurs without DNA being replicated.
Discovered in zebrafish skin cells, this newly spotted division, called asynthetic fission, could be a temporary measure used when growth is fast to make sure there's enough skin to go around.
Read the paper: www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
For more stories like these sign up for the Nature Briefing: An essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday: go.nature.com/371OcVF - Наука та технологія
If anyone missed it, it's called "asynthetic fission"
open question: Would it be called that because the cell isn't "synthesising" anything new?
Good eye, that was easy to miss
@@roidroid my thought also. I can't find any specific definiton of the term. But the 'a' making the synthetic unusual/anti. Biological Fission defined as "reproduction by spontaneous division of the body into two or more parts... relating to, or produced by chemical or biochemical synthesisespecially."
So to breakdown the term "unusual cell splitting."??
@@roidroid It is claimed in the video that the cells are not duplicating their DNA, but it may synthesize cellular organelles & other cellular constituents before dividing. Whether it happens, is not mentioned in the video.
If something analagous does turn out to take place in humans too, would we call it `asynthetic humion'?
A great example why basic research is still essential even when millions of dollars are being poured into exciting biotechnology businesses developing potential rejuvenation treatments.
People wouldn't have (specifically) gone looking for something that didn't already exist and had over 100 years of research saying there are only 2 types of division.
Great research, made understandable in a well presented video.
Yes..I am a biotech major student and my snacks are now even tastier as I saw this video..I just feel estatic when these basic things take turn..it's like a new branch in time line which is yet to be explored...have a good day
absolutely. We shouldn't assume we know the basics at this point. There is so much more. Remain humble in your studies and you just may see things that have always been there.
@@devinyoung5735 working on your advice sir..every day
I completely agree and keep wondering why is there no funding in basic sciences. Being a basic scientist myself, lack of funding is a major restrain in pursuing many unanswered questions in fundamental biology. But somehow the forces-that-decide the distribution of funds, seems completely unaware of this!
If I say I'm going to look into an already studied field, nobody would give me money.
Biologists: Some of these skin cells are missing the DNA!
Nature: Yeah, we'll fix that in post production.
2:31 "Ooh shit nevermind i forgot to pick some pieces of my dna"
Cells be like: we ran out of blocks, let's use slabs for a temporary fix.
This is fascinating. As a biology professor, I am always fascinated by the exceptions to the rule. Now, I'm curious if fetuses have similar cells.. after all, we are quite fishy ourselves.
We're fishy ?
@@DAMfoxygrampa we started out as fish
@@DAMfoxygrampa in early embryonic stage, all vertebrate animals (including us) do look like fish!
@@DAMfoxygrampa we also have gills in the embryonal stages
Edit: embryonic*
I wonder if this plays a role in scar formation, such as stretch marks and wound closing? If the reason scars can form so quickly is that the cells don't bother bringing all the necessary DNA along, that would explain why those skin cells are so different from the normal cells around them (no hair, poor pigmentation, irregular structure etc)! Fascinating stuff. Thank you for making me think tonight!
fascinating
Wow thanks for that thought
I like your idea but, in one hand, It's said that those irregular cells are replaced eventually by normal cells. On the other hand, scars can be permanent.
Scars occur because of an excessive amount of collage build-up on the wound.
interesting idea
2:15 I love the sound effects added for the DNA division. Very cute!
This video just wouldn't be the same without the sound effects.
Fascinating work! It'll be important to understand how zebra fish keeps this under regulation without letting these cells become malignant (any tumor suppressor genes, checkpoints etc.)
Well, we did see an example of apoptosis there, so we know that process is used. I mean, the possibilities could be endless, but one possibility could be that they switch off their ability to divide after two divisions.
I don't have a very deep knowledge of biology, but slapping some blocking protein structures onto the DNA at all the binding sites for replication and transcription would go a long way to preventing cancer in these cells. If they're meant to be temporary they shouldn't need to last very long, so they shouldn't need to transcribe too much. Maybe.
@@irregularassassin6380 That's my own view as well, non of them seem to last more than a couple of generations away from the original source cell.
The bad thing about canser tumors that it lives while it shouldn't. Canser cells achieve it by don't obeying "kill yourself" comand from white blood cells. Basically, canser cells is undying, super-healthy monsters. In contrast, cell without complite set of DNA will decay and die wery fast.
Without DNA, I suspect these cells have a limited lifespan. Think of how they would renew the RNA supply they need for normal cell function.
Reality doesn't follow the textbook. Our scientific understanding is inherently a simplification.
Great research, really cool to see the "sloppiness" of nature on a cellular level.
What?
@@warbler1984 Basically, Sceintific undertsanding is based on observation and theories which often get what happens in reality wrong, we are only capable of describing/observing something to a certain point/limit, and often than not we get things wrong because of it. Its okay to realize what science gets wrong as realizing what is and isn't correct is what make science as accurate as it is.
Science is an everlasting work-in-progress co-operation, if something appears that changes how it is described, it doesn't mean that science before that change was all for nothing, it just means that what we had before was inaccurate and we need to work on it so it makes more sense, to the best of our capabilities. Hindsight is much clearer than the fog of the unknown we have to sift through ahead of us.
@@themushroominside6540 i've heard it very much simplified vaguely into something like "nothing ever breaks reality, rather our understanding of reality grows with each new discovery".
i don't know who said that though, i think i heard it through an educational science channel, and it might have been a quote from someone else, but i thought it was incredibly powerful and simple.
basically, anything is possible as far as we know. but to the limits of our knowledge, senses, and technology that we or any other animal have at any given time determines exactly how much they're allowed to know
@@hits_different that might be where i heard it. that guy was the master of communicating to the lay man!
It's not nature being sloppy but rather it doing what it can given its current energy structure
Evolutionarily speaking, I wonder if this opened the door to mechanisms that eventually lead to cancer, but stuck around because the benefits of forming a fetus quickly outweighed the cost of dying of cancer (which often would happen after already having passed on genes).
My thoughts turned to the origins of cancer too.
Good thought
Cant evolve backwards either... oops!
great hypothesis to ponder
no
What an incredible discovery, congratulations to this team of scientists! There are still many things to learn about this amazing, complex world we live in.
These are what I used to call Rapid expansion place marker cells because at the time, literally decades ago, I was talking about them they really didn't have a name and nobody really knew about them and everybody told me that this kind of thing doesn't exist. So again these are expansion place marker cells
So rather than risking damage to the structure, the cells spontaneously divide to relieve tension? This may also mean cells can communicate urgencies across their matrix and respond in accordance - all to maintain the structure of the organelle. Fascinating, if true.
Cell consciousness? 😁
Realistically though, there are cellular tension receptors described already. If those also exist on these skin cells, it’s very possible that it just becomes one of the signals that then get computed into the instruction divide/don’t divide along with other signals (such as growth factors etc.).
Honestly, any cell is really just a biological machine where complex function emerges from a network of simple instructions, similarly to how consciousness is an emergent features of a complex network of neural signalling.
@DragonXflyer, what organelle?
@@TonyTigerTonyTiger Organelle: Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
@@DragonXflyer I know what an organelle is. What organelle were you talking about when you said, "all to maintain the structure of the organelle"?
This is wild! I wonder how the cleanup is regulated, are the faulty cells temporarily ignored? Or is there a specific clean-up activated afterwards? Could this "clean-up" be activated in other species, possibly to clear up faulty cells in an adult organism?
I think they treated as foreign object since they propably dont produce HLA due to insufficient dna
Mad sick thought, I like where your head is at
Yes there is a mechanism to destroy cells that are ‘wrong’ called apoptosis which is programmed cell death.
In humans, certain growth factors are only produced during the fetal stage, I believe IGF-2 is one of them, but don't quote me on that. It could be that the type of cell division seen here is regulated by such growth factors, which are no longer produced later in the organism's life cycle, thus this type of division halts. And the cells that were created through this type of division probably have a much shorter life span than normal cells, and will naturally die off through apoptosis.
It looks like from the video that they die via a form of regulated cell death called apoptosis which @LukeLane1984 mentioned. You can tell because the cells 'bleb' or separate into lots of little membrane-bound capsules. These 'apoptotic bodies' are cleaned up by phagocytotic cells called macrophages. Apoptosis is extremely widespread in development and continues to happen in adult organisms. I think what probably happens is these cells undergo apoptosis as they receive signals at a certain point in development which tells them to undergo cell death, and are then replaced by normal cells. I'm not sure how they stay alive until that point though, as one signal that initiates apoptosis is DNA damage! (I'm a biochem undergrad in my 2nd year).
That is amazing! Hats off the the researchers who discovered this, and many thanks for presenting it.
Never knew Nature had their own UA-cam channel. Glad I discovered it.
To me the most exciting part of this was the footage of cells dividing. Of all the time spent learning about cell division in the abstract I have never actually watched it happen… and it looks so cool!!
Great Discovery! Congratulations to the researchers who discovered this.
Very interesting. Best wishes to this research team!
One of the best videos ua-cam.com/video/8DX398Wj6XA/v-deo.html
I have never heard about this. Thank you for bringing this to my attention and for creating this video. I wish there were channel dedicated to new scientific discoveries. Not explanations of science, not of course in current scientific knowledge, but of course dedicated to new discoveries, most especially novel ones.
It's not a channel, but the CBC's radio show _Quirks and Quarks_ (available as a podcast) is (almost) exclusively short interviews of scientists who have had new discoveries. The show covers all scientific fields, from archaeology to quantum mechanics to cetacean biology. The host, Bob McDonald, is a great interviewer who gently draws the information from the scientists, and helps rephrase it in layman's terms very well. I learn so many new things while listening all the time.
Yeah, because it's how discoveries work. Lol
Only after some replication studies have also occurred.
To keep p-hacker reports to a minimum (hopefully)
Incredible implications for cancer and how faulty cells are even able to replicate out of control so fast in the first place!
Cancerous cells don’t really divide any faster than regular cells. They just don’t die like regular cells do
Very fascinating because most of the time we tend to look past things that are "usually doing the normal things over & over again". This is a good example for every researcher to pay attention to all and any detail they can keep their mind to!
Congratulations to the team of researchers behind this. 👏
This was so interesting! Thank God for scientists who continue to study the things we pride ourselves in "knowing" and are willing to look into what we've yet to learn!
this might be a cure for cancer, solving the mechanism of being got rid off abnormal cells. early growth is crucial for tiny fishes against predators. may be we don't have this kind of mechanism but we can adapt if we understand and solve it.
Yes. My thought too.
@Questa Semplice Animazione and their reproduction is very limited, which makes them the opposite of cancer
Great discovery!! Waiting for more hidden mysteries and information about this research.
Great discovery! Congrats to the researchers in Taiwan!
That is some beautiful live cell imaging using the SP8 confocal.
Thank you for sharing this
you have to wonder if that's similar to what causes calluses; the new cells from underneath are always normal but something stimulates them to divide this way to fill the gaps temporarily, or to thicken to protect an area that keeps getting injury? Pretty interesting, though. Goes to show how much isn't known, still :)
I bet the whole world is eager to study whether one day the discovery could help the patients with skin disease.
Super cool!
Okay but can we talk for a second about how beautiful and fascinating these multicolored cells are, both as a voronoi-like close-up and on the entire fish? 😍
Yeah 🌈😍
It helps that zebrafish are smol and basically see-through, and that skin cells have to tile the surface.
I remember when neurobio folks were developing this sparse genetic labeling a while back, so they could individuate neurons… the technique was called “brainbow”, if you want to look up the history of how they got to this probabilistic Voronoi coloring situation (lots of pretty figures).
So cool to see what kinds of questions researchers are using it to study in other organs… even where the cells are constantly replicating and changing things up on you (as opposed to neurons, which mostly don’t). That’s why they need video, wow.
But it blows my mind that in the process they found something totally new. I feel like it helps that the datasets to be analyzed are so pretty. More motivation to stare at them for hours and notice things that you currently believe to be impossible.
@@sasentaiko🧠🌈🥳
Thanks for telling us about this.
This is amazing! Can't wait to hear more about this in years to come! Who knows, maybe in a while this will even be in our textbooks :D
Kudos to everyone involved. Fantastic research.
I think it might be also present in higher vertebrates in a place like healing a injury of vital oragana temporarily but quickly which is replaced by permanent ones.
This seems really major, perhaps a transformative discovery? Thinking about healing, scars, cancers, skin diseases, skin grafting, stem cell research - so many fields where this may open new doors! I really hope the media talks about this more!
That's fantastic. Big props to the team. I hope they, at least, get nominated for the Nobel, and other awards.
Congratulations to the team on the discovery!!
The class of 2050 realising they’ll have to learn another type of cell division for school 😰
Something this deeply revolutionary's gotta be worth a nobel prize, right?
Fascinating information, but I laughed every time I saw the goldfish cracker ornament in the head scientist's office. I just happened to be eating goldfish crackers at the time.
It took me until the end of the video to realize he has a goldfish ornament because he works in a zebrafish lab.
Oh I missed that lol, thanks for pointing it out
Thank you for sharing!
This is astonishing! Kudos to the scientists.
Thanks for sharing!
Saw this last month. Surprised this isn't blowing the internet. It's amazing!!
I'd want to compare gene expression between recently asynthetic fissioned cells and pairs that are on the verge of recombining, maybe that'd let you know what triggers their disappearance. If there's no difference, then it'd be cool to figure out what signals cause it
I'd imagine the disappearance comes from eventual cell death due to not having all of the necessary genetic information. But by then the 'normal' cells have had time to replicate DNA and divide properly.
This sounds like a good project
This is crazy. The larva looks like a product of Antonio Gaudí.
No word for this fascinating discovery!
Breakthrough research always pushes the civilization forward.
Good job scientist, because of you, I have a new question for my teacher
aren't zebra fish also ones that can regen heart cells when damage or removed? Maybe the this type of cell division is possible for heart regen also
this is crazy
I love this comment section. It contains many testable hypothesis. I hope the scientists of this video will read the comments and test what your saying out.
zebra fish do have a lot of amazing regeneration functions
I am also fascinated on how they individually dyed each skin Cell of that larvae.
It’s 2022 and mitosis 2 dropped
this is so cool, i’ll definitely be bring this up in my biology class
Wow. Great work.
very cool stuff, i hope i can read more about this in the future
Cute pfp you got there 🥺
@@averageneetaspirant3252 thanks, you too
1 answer, 10 questions
Now this is mesmerizing and enlightening. Even after centuries of medical breakthroughs, research, and experiments, we are still learning things about something we have been studying and teaching for so long. It's just so amazing imo. This is a super great example on why we should continue studying and learning a topic even if it seems like there is nothing more to it. And this applies on everything, not just science. In music or art you just have to keep on going to make a masterpiece. Even when doing everyday stuff like folding clothes or washing dishes. I've been doing them for years now and I could learn a trick to make them easier. Heck, I recently learned a better way of chopping vegetables, after like 5 years of doing it lol.
Amazing ! Great research ! Great science video~ Make the exceptions to the rule easier to understand !
Simply fascinating
Wow. Thank you.
Hopping this leads to some breakthroughs in cancer research
Oh come on. I'm just getting used to the regular cell division.
SAMEEE LOL. but this was very fascinating tbh.
Currently learning about mitosis and meiosis in biology. It’ll be interesting to bring this up in class 🤔
keep up the good work!!!!!
This amazed me ..🤗
Fascinating!
Ooh I just started volunteering at a zebrafish lab! I might send this to the team :)
This discovery pops up a number of new queries!!
Amazing. If you look for it in humans, I would suggest to check what's going on in damaged areas who need to heal quickly.
This is incredible.
Amazing discovery!
RIP to new undergraduate students having to learn a new molecular cell biology/microbiology/general biology textbook
One of the best just wowow amazing
Nice job!!!
it sounds like this mostly happens in “throw-away” cells, i.e. the skin cells.
This type of division can mainly be seen on the labile cell of the body especially in skin
Beautiful video
Where was the research conducted?
Fascinating
even the stuff we think we have perfectly studied have such big secrets, it's amazing
I love this researcher.
who ever chose the sound effects in the middle of the video for the mistakes deserves a raise
This discovery could be the Missing Key to understanding the fundamental spark of everything from Cancers to genetic growth anomalies. Very promising.
Very interesting!!
So fascinating
This is amazing, I wonder how this type of division will be called.
"Cell vision" !
Asynthetic fission
A(without) synthetic(the composition/combination of parts to form a new whole) fission(a splitting or breaking up into parts)
this is so cool also the beautiful colorful video cover of the cells made me click✌
I wonder if any of these weird division mechanisms are involved in the teleost genome duplication. (Zebrafish ancestor somehow copied it's entire genome, so they often have two copies of every gene we might have one of.)
Amazing!
Great SFX =)
Amazing 👏 👏 👏 work
This was first found in Grant Browns lab at UofT.
Yeah they worked together on previous papers
Wow, that's crazy
Makes me think about brain neurons and the synapses. Are we more "plastic" when young, able to grow? Cellular activity is definitely changing as we age
Did they run a control to make sure it wasn't the introduction of "coloring" that may have been a partial cause.?
Ahh! Pants, I just bought a new textbook!!
ok, the cells stopping themselves from multiplying in the middle of the progress is so funny to me. it's almost like they are saying "nevermind. it's too much work"
Incredible
if those unusaully dividing cells don't undergo apoptosis, can they become cancerous?
I would think this kind of replication would be self limiting. But it seems these pathways could have a role in cancer in ‘normal’ cell division. It will be interesting when the initiating MicroRNA is known for this kind of division.
No, because these cells are essentially ripping their DNA apart every time they separate, it is impossible for the cells to exist long term even if they have the correct nutrients. This is likely just a short term way for an animal to gain surface area as their internal volume grows during their developing stages.
No because they aren’t replicating the DNA
Thanks
Interesting!