I'm convinced that the biggest jump in computer technology could be made if somebody just managed to build a reliable computer that uses a higher base.
@@H3Vtux No, problem. it's nice to see that there are some UA-cam channels like yours that make good educational content that people can benefit from. It's unfortunate that your channel is underrated while so many pranks, vlogs, comedy, celebrity UA-camrs have more subscribers and supporters. Hopefully, you get 1 million subscribers within this decade! Good luck.
Newer solid state drives use higher bases. It’s called 3D nand flash as opposed to traditional binary nand flash. A nand flash is just a simple circuit that can hold a charge. Before they used to be binary but now they can hold like 16 different voltage values so you can have more data in less space.
The downside to this is that TLC (3 bit so 8 voltage levels) and QLC (4bit per cell) flash storage is much slower and significantly less reliable then SLC, a lot of ssds actually use part of their cells as SLC cache which is partially why they get slower when they are full
Couldn't a computer use the polarity of a gate to count in base 3? Fluctuations wouldn't be as big of a deal as a low voltage could be a 1, high negative a 0 and high positive a 2 and the polarity can be switched very quickly, there's still a moment where when going from 0 to a 2 or vice-versa will give a 1 if it's read at the wrong time but as switching the voltage off is easier than hitting and maintaining a mid-voltage state accurately, the threshold could be smaller reducing the time spent in a transitional state, as long as the clock is properly synced the computer could avoid errors, in a binary system there will still be a transition period where the computer could read the wrong number as the voltage rises or drops above or below it's state threshold anyway and although I'm sure it's happened, this seems to be pretty rare because of the way everything is synchronized.
Storing more data in the same size. Translation is only limiting the speed at wich you read and write. As said in video, you have 65 thousand possible values with base 4 at 8 digits. 256 in binary that is. So the same ammount of space contains much more information
Thank you for explaining this in a way I can understand! I watched a few other videos on the subject and I felt I knew even less than before I started watching. I came to the subject because I am reviewing the film Prometheus on my podcast and one of the scripts mentions "trinary code" as this superior system and I wanted to know if there was any validity to that claim.
Well it is less reliable, as shown in the video, but there's a thing called "Average Radix Economy" and base 3 has the best of all positive integers. The Real number with the best RE is *e* (Euler's number) but it's not an integer, it's not even rational, which makes it pretty useless
I'm glad ytou mentioned ssds I'm watching because I've taken a minor interest in ternary which might be a unique case but it might not be practical to get the small advantages it has hypothetically.
Hello I know quantum computing can not just be a 1 and a 0 as in traditional computing but it can be 1 and 0 at the same time. I believe that is the basic premise but other than that I'm very dumb when it comes to computers. To me it's just magic wizardry. If anyone has a basic guide to how they work and where to start I'd like to learn but honestly my brain wired in that way. I like science better but understand this is a science of maths and physics but have no idea where to start. I am trying though. Cheers
Reliabilty - where you don’t lose data - like letters in words. If a single letter is missing in a shorter word it makes more of a difference than losing a single letter in a longer word.
So if we can engineer a new medium that has more reliability of "charge level" (or whatever the equivalent in the new type of transistor would be), then that would enable higher logic level computers, and most definitely be a nobel prize winner.
Something left out: In signal-cables, a switch from positive voltage to negative voltage can represent zero (or one), a change in polarity in the other direction one (or zero), as far as I know this is how data is transmitted over cables extremely efficiently. I do not even want to think about how this would be done in a non-binary logic!
You are just unbelievable knowledge guy. Every university (at least for my old trash university ;d) teachers should get a lesson from you how to teach lesson students !!
Using AC instead of DC I think a ternary or even quaternary system could be made. A balanced ternary system can be where 1 direction of flow is 1 and the other is -1 while no flow is 0, and for a quaternary system you can just use 2's complement and have the voltage directions represent 0, 1, 2. Though this would be much slower.
This is just the engineering side of implementation assuming boolean algebra. When ternary computers where invented, they didn't just use it with a base-3 system, but instead the whole paradigm of logic was different. It was ternary logic, which includes an element of uncertainty, fundamental in the quantum world.
3:48 it's not completely useless. you're ignoring that it takes more "bits", which means more space, more transistors, or to be general, more components. This isn't a strong objection, but it's one not to overlook in technicality. So it's not that it's useless, it's just that the tradeoff of reliability vs space heavily favors reliability.
@@P47CH3Z: There are so many kinds of instances where I've seen people state ranges of numbers that fail to include the divider number either on one side or the other that it's insane!
Title: Why can't computers use base 3 instead of binary Video: Why can't computers use base 4 instead of binary Dude... 67.7% accuracy is all it needs and it is nothing. The actual real reason is the cost of ternary transistors because we combine two binary transistors to create one ternary transistor. So we only need a more efficient way of building ternary transistors and that's it. Also, the whole world isn't used to such computers! It still needs an operating system and the assembly language and a reliable high-level programming language to actually even make it to the market and programmers could develop it and people actually buying! No one would think to even invest in such an awesome invention that'd revolutionize the whole world because of how weak and expensive it would be at first which is sad...
3:27 no, it is not entirely the primary reason. i have been trying to build my own ternary gates, full adders, full subtractors, etc for a while now and believe me, working with an extra state is extremely hard. not even on a voltage level. (im working with an unbalanced fractionary scale, so 0V, 1/2(+V), +V since it is easy to divide voltage and use op amps like so without using negative voltage.) because you have this awkward middle half state, you can make a full adder with results except implementing the truth table is extraordinarily complex. you need gates that allow the middle half state to pass through without processing, you sometimes need to eliminate the middle state all together to make is 0 and 1 again, sometimes you need the middle state back... but how? you just removed it to get 0 and 1! point is, its very hard.
You're more or less referring to the "rising edge/falling edge problem" which I did talk about at 4 minutes. I would still argue the *primary* reason base two was chosen was because of noise variation, but I guess you can'r really quantify the reasons.
@Basics Explained, H3Vtux i mean not even with rising and falling edge issues, im talking about making the actual gate truth tables which is a whole issue in of itself
@@ithaca2076 OOOOOH i see. Yeah I can imagine working with truth tables with more than 2 variables would be agony. That's all a bit more complicated than I think I can really get into with a 5 minute video haha. I did do a video on logic gates and truth tables though I didn't talk about that issue specifically ua-cam.com/video/vJO-5gY0wpk/v-deo.html
why dont just instead of voltage amount, just use binary mini circuit to change energy POSITION and measure WHERE the energy is instead of trying directly base 3 or 4? or using that make base 4 computer that converts things to base 2 before sending or receiving from internet or components?
What about balanced ternary logic using +1V, 0V and -1V ? Or others voltages values... In this case, the reability is better than the unbalanced ( only non negative signals )
So, The summary is that the REASON we still only use BASE 2 is because computer engineers were too LAZY to create a High Precision state logic level management system? (🤔...................I'm not sure i got that RIGHT.)
Laziness wasn't the problem, in fact they did it successfully quite a few times. The problem is that no matter how precise you make logic level system, *there will be fluctuation due to the background radiation of the universe*. When you have fluctuation you encounter the rising edge falling edge problem, and physical space also plays a factor. Making a storage system that could safely and accurrately store 3 level logic would require space that could fit 4 or 5 cells of 2 level logic.
@@H3Vtux I see. So unless they create a mechanism that neutralizes /minimizes the rising/falling edge problem while addressing Level logic storage this is it. Those sound like Billion dollar problem's NOBODY will wanna spend money on. And YET...........I would keep my eye on South Korea, They are doing Amazing things with Technology over there.
*Perhaps it might be possible to design a trinary logic system based on three logical states..., 1-, On, current in a positive direction..., 2-, Off, no current..., and, 3-, On, but current in a negative direction... That way..., everything is ether full off or full on..., and if on..., either full on one way, or full on the other...*
It is possible, there is also a whole book about this. V+ is 2 GND is 1 V- is 0 The usefulness of this is in the "Don't care" state. Where, whatever the bit value is, the result will be the same. In VHDL this "Don't care" state can be implemented using std_match() and is represented by a dash - . Example: my_loop: for input(4 downto 0) loop if input(3 downto 0) = "11--0" then --------Do A------- else --------Do B------ end if; end loop my_loop; However, behind the scene it look like this ("sort of..."): my_loop: for input(3 downto 0) loop if input(3 downto 0) = "11000" then --------Do A------- elsif input(3 downto 0) = "11010" then --------Do A------- elsif input(3 downto 0) = "11100" then --------Do A------- elsif input(3 downto 0) = "11110" then --------Do A------- else --------Do B------ end if; end loop my_loop; Which can take a great deal of logic area. However, by using ternary logic, the code would look like this, and the area will be WAY LESS. my_loop: for input(4 downto 0) loop if input(3 downto 0) = "22001" then --------Do A------- else --------Do B------ end if; end loop my_loop; Where true is "2", false is "1", and "don't care" is "0". This is the book if this interest you: books.google.ca/books?id=ysqoBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ternary+logic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiqpjHyd3uAhXhhOAKHRGtBJoQ6AEwAnoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=ternary%20logic&f=false
@@alexanchannel I wasn't being sarcastic at all..., merely respectful... I thought about this basic "trinary" concept years ago, with the three logical current states of, +1, 0, & -1, but nothing more in depth... It's great to know that there are others that have thought about it as well, and have also taken the concept much further... In all honesty..., thinking back on it..., in the early 90's, there was a PC game called Star Trek 25th Anniversary..., and in it, there was a math conversion puzzle where you had to convert binary to trinary, as there were two different alien computer systems that you had to get working..., and as one of these in-game computers were trinary instead of binary..., I thought to myself, "How would that work?", and that's when I came up with the idea of those three logical states... But having said that..., it's obvious that some programmer at Interplay had already been thinking along those lines..., as it was already in the game's storyline...
I have a question: what about balanced ternary, where the voltage can be described as Negative / zero / positive. Shouldn’t that be able to solve the reliability problem?
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm!!!!!!!!!! Then we could be able to make some next gen computers before quantum computing comes in the form of laptop?🧐🧐🧐🧐 Interesting?.....................
holy shit im interested your videos are a life saver i dont have enough time nor money to learn about computers but this is so easy to understand and well presented information that i just want more xD gonna watch some of your older videos in the meantime
This might be a problem for real computers but not for simulated computers such as the ones people build in Minecraft/Terraria or some other software. It'd be interesting to see how higher base computers would perform there and also how high we can go.
They could use base 3, by using negative voltage. Avoiding the whole problem that you are presenting in your video. Read this book for more info: books.google.ca/books?id=ysqoBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ternary+logic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiqpjHyd3uAhXhhOAKHRGtBJoQ6AEwAnoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=ternary%20logic&f=false
Thanks @AlexChannel! I clicked this video and I was thinking "here's another video that gets ternary wrong and proly won't even mention the fact that binary is used largely because of it's ubiquitous legacy." You turned what would have been a complete waste of time into an awesome resource.
Why have you used 4 as an example and not 3? 3 has actually been stated to be the most effecient system and it's not got the same reliability risk as base 4 as you have a leway of 33.3333...% which is still relatively low risk. Even innovators like IBM and Samsung have dabbled in trenary and recognise its potential. It's more about the laborious process of producing such technology and distributing it en mass which is holding them back when all the current software architecture is based on base 2/binary. You can't really blame them for not being hasty trailblazers in such a difficult venture.
Good video but there is one base 3 design that you did not discuss. Instead of using partially charged transistors to represent different base states, you could combine active high and active low circuits. Your 3 base states would positive high, negative high, and zero volts. There may be reasons why this won't work, but you didn't discuss them.
Maybe that would help, good idea. But also maybe the crossover period would be a reliability problem still. I'd love to find out what could still be possible
Not worth it because you use another transistor to know whether the high state is positive or negative, then you are using 2 bits to represent a single base 3 number which will produce less values than binary numbers. We need to think more.
Hey i want to thank you for making me understand about various stuffs through your video and i am in love with your presentation. I have a request for you. Will you be able to create a video about computer networking deeply ? If you could, that would be very helpful for many of us.
Ternary (trinary) is like 20% more economical in CPU usage and if mass producing computers received a complete reboot, ternary would likely be the system that would be used, but due to the fact that binary was first to become the defacto system, it will likely remain that way. With solid state drives as capable as they are to record data in different number systems, there is no longer the restraint of on/off states like there was for magnetic disk hard (and floppy and tape drives.) The main reason ternary is more efficient is that performing one of the most basic logic functions, the ternary function of *else* is available with every trit (a ternary bit,) which would take quite a few bits to perform the same function. Maths are also performed more efficiently, since the three inherent states of a trit are -1, 0 and 1(+1) Since bipolar transistors would be used for a ternary CPU, there isn't a problem of in between states because the states of a trit would be either negative voltage, positive voltage or off.
If in the future we develop the capability of reliably hitting the correct percentages for base 3 to the point where we could be as accurate as we can now with binary, would that make a difference in computing power? In a perfect world is base 3 better than binary? Is it something worth developing?
I believe quantum computers have 0 and 1 as states (like binary), but, by taking advantage of quantum superposition, they can also have any value between them (like 0.5) as a state.
Well sure, but the PFC of the LTI won't allow for the MBN to run at full gigacycles. If the ALU used a BSI based ISA rather than PIS then it could run at half wave compatibility. But otherwise, the BMM isn't going to provide more than unity gain to the AC bus at +/-3.71 volts and 21 nanoamps at a frequency of 345ghz. If you could overclock the LTT, you might reach the THZ regime, but at that point your wavelength is gonna be too small to be practical.
Thanks for the explanation! To me it looks like it makes sense for quantum computers to use a base 3 system. I believe we have qutrits already. I'm curious about a few things. How many base base 3 transistors ( assuming they are reliable ) would be we need to beat the current base 2 cpus with 2-3 billion transistors?
I'm convinced that the biggest jump in computer technology could be made if somebody just managed to build a reliable computer that uses a higher base.
Can make it ?
@@alishaleno Yes. Many people are trying.
Some computers already use ternary Logic but sadly due to the high number of already existing binary programs, they aren't used that much...
Quantum computers might take off one day.
@@Mbrace818 Quantum computer will have their use cases, but they won't be much of a use for what everyday people use computers for.
This man's UA-cam channel is highly underrated, he deserves at least 1 million subscribers for this valuable content.
Thanks man, I really do appreciate comments like this, I hope to get to 1 million someday!
@@H3Vtux No, problem. it's nice to see that there are some UA-cam channels like yours that make good educational content that people can benefit from. It's unfortunate that your channel is underrated while so many pranks, vlogs, comedy, celebrity UA-camrs have more subscribers and supporters. Hopefully, you get 1 million subscribers within this decade! Good luck.
He's at 185K now.
may you get to 1 million soon
I am interested in the stuff with hard drives.
Me too
Me too as will
Guess we will never know
same
I too am also interested
Newer solid state drives use higher bases. It’s called 3D nand flash as opposed to traditional binary nand flash. A nand flash is just a simple circuit that can hold a charge. Before they used to be binary but now they can hold like 16 different voltage values so you can have more data in less space.
thats cool
So that the reason why we can have such high density,high capacity storage devices in a small form factor now!
The downside to this is that TLC (3 bit so 8 voltage levels) and QLC (4bit per cell) flash storage is much slower and significantly less reliable then SLC, a lot of ssds actually use part of their cells as SLC cache which is partially why they get slower when they are full
Couldn't a computer use the polarity of a gate to count in base 3? Fluctuations wouldn't be as big of a deal as a low voltage could be a 1, high negative a 0 and high positive a 2 and the polarity can be switched very quickly, there's still a moment where when going from 0 to a 2 or vice-versa will give a 1 if it's read at the wrong time but as switching the voltage off is easier than hitting and maintaining a mid-voltage state accurately, the threshold could be smaller reducing the time spent in a transitional state, as long as the clock is properly synced the computer could avoid errors, in a binary system there will still be a transition period where the computer could read the wrong number as the voltage rises or drops above or below it's state threshold anyway and although I'm sure it's happened, this seems to be pretty rare because of the way everything is synchronized.
I'd like to know how hard drives storage data and how the operative system organizates it on the disk
I have a feeling it has to do with the rising/falling edge problem.
An ssd or harddrive? Dedupe in fs or dedupe in controller or no dedupe? Transparent compression? Driver or os level?
Many variables here.
I am interested in all your videos.
Seriously, I found your channel today and all your videos are very informative. Thank you
all I want to say just that you are great
What's the advantage of a flash drive using a base-4 system if it just has to be translated into binary by the computer anyway?
Storing more data in the same size. Translation is only limiting the speed at wich you read and write. As said in video, you have 65 thousand possible values with base 4 at 8 digits. 256 in binary that is. So the same ammount of space contains much more information
Storage density
Thank you for explaining this in a way I can understand! I watched a few other videos on the subject and I felt I knew even less than before I started watching. I came to the subject because I am reviewing the film Prometheus on my podcast and one of the scripts mentions "trinary code" as this superior system and I wanted to know if there was any validity to that claim.
Well it is less reliable, as shown in the video, but there's a thing called "Average Radix Economy" and base 3 has the best of all positive integers. The Real number with the best RE is *e* (Euler's number) but it's not an integer, it's not even rational, which makes it pretty useless
I'm glad ytou mentioned ssds I'm watching because I've taken a minor interest in ternary which might be a unique case but it might not be practical to get the small advantages it has hypothetically.
Yes. This was my first question after your other binary video. Thank you!
Please can you explain the idea behind quantum computer's and why they can do stuff normal computers cannot. Thanks in anticipation !
Hello I know quantum computing can not just be a 1 and a 0 as in traditional computing but it can be 1 and 0 at the same time.
I believe that is the basic premise but other than that I'm very dumb when it comes to computers. To me it's just magic wizardry.
If anyone has a basic guide to how they work and where to start I'd like to learn but honestly my brain wired in that way.
I like science better but understand this is a science of maths and physics but have no idea where to start. I am trying though. Cheers
This was interesting, i wonder sometimes myself as well.
Great video! So far I have seen 4 videos of yours, and they have all been great.
Reliabilty - where you don’t lose data - like letters in words.
If a single letter is missing in a shorter word it makes more of a difference than losing a single letter in a longer word.
thank you I love these crystal clear explanation videos
Nice video. Please explain more.
So if we can engineer a new medium that has more reliability of "charge level" (or whatever the equivalent in the new type of transistor would be), then that would enable higher logic level computers, and most definitely be a nobel prize winner.
Something left out: In signal-cables, a switch from positive voltage to negative voltage can represent zero (or one), a change in polarity in the other direction one (or zero), as far as I know this is how data is transmitted over cables extremely efficiently. I do not even want to think about how this would be done in a non-binary logic!
I'm now wondering about the three states used by flash drives.
What about using negative voltage to create a base 3 system. So in a 1.5 volt system 0 is off, 1 is +1.5v and 2 is -1.5v. Would this not work?
can you do a video explaining SSD? or SSD vs hard drive?
I deeply appreciate your videos... Whatever the source of BLESSINGS is follows you
You are just unbelievable knowledge guy. Every university (at least for my old trash university ;d) teachers should get a lesson from you how to teach lesson students !!
Well explained.
Nice one...now let's have the hard drives one ....
Using AC instead of DC I think a ternary or even quaternary system could be made. A balanced ternary system can be where 1 direction of flow is 1 and the other is -1 while no flow is 0, and for a quaternary system you can just use 2's complement and have the voltage directions represent 0, 1, 2. Though this would be much slower.
This is just the engineering side of implementation assuming boolean algebra. When ternary computers where invented, they didn't just use it with a base-3 system, but instead the whole paradigm of logic was different. It was ternary logic, which includes an element of uncertainty, fundamental in the quantum world.
This was amazing :O
You really should have more subscribers than you do!
please please, please can u do a video on ip and ports UDP and TCP , I have watched a lot of vids but i cant get it right please
Interested in external SSD
Just wondering.. what software do you use to make these videos..? Anyone know? I enjoy these btw
I use Adobe after effects for everything. And thanks I'm glad you enjoy them!
@@H3Vtux is this Adam?
@@john.john.johnny This is me indeed. Who are you?
3:48 it's not completely useless. you're ignoring that it takes more "bits", which means more space, more transistors, or to be general, more components. This isn't a strong objection, but it's one not to overlook in technicality.
So it's not that it's useless, it's just that the tradeoff of reliability vs space heavily favors reliability.
Thank... Man U r very good.....i suggest you should upload videos regularly....u can get millions of subs...💪
I have a question:what is pyro talking about
What happened in the year 2000 ? How did they make the switch ?
You mentioned less than 50% charge and greater than 50%. But what about right AT 50%?
@@P47CH3Z: There are so many kinds of instances where I've seen people state ranges of numbers that fail to include the divider number either on one side or the other that it's insane!
Tell us how SSD work
I am interested in the stuff with hard drives. Make it already! Thanks.
Title: Why can't computers use base 3 instead of binary
Video: Why can't computers use base 4 instead of binary
Dude... 67.7% accuracy is all it needs and it is nothing. The actual real reason is the cost of ternary transistors because we combine two binary transistors to create one ternary transistor.
So we only need a more efficient way of building ternary transistors and that's it. Also, the whole world isn't used to such computers! It still needs an operating system and the assembly language and a reliable high-level programming language to actually even make it to the market and programmers could develop it and people actually buying! No one would think to even invest in such an awesome invention that'd revolutionize the whole world because of how weak and expensive it would be at first which is sad...
Thanks for sharing this with us
3:27 no, it is not entirely the primary reason. i have been trying to build my own ternary gates, full adders, full subtractors, etc for a while now and believe me, working with an extra state is extremely hard. not even on a voltage level. (im working with an unbalanced fractionary scale, so 0V, 1/2(+V), +V since it is easy to divide voltage and use op amps like so without using negative voltage.) because you have this awkward middle half state, you can make a full adder with results except implementing the truth table is extraordinarily complex. you need gates that allow the middle half state to pass through without processing, you sometimes need to eliminate the middle state all together to make is 0 and 1 again, sometimes you need the middle state back... but how? you just removed it to get 0 and 1! point is, its very hard.
You're more or less referring to the "rising edge/falling edge problem" which I did talk about at 4 minutes.
I would still argue the *primary* reason base two was chosen was because of noise variation, but I guess you can'r really quantify the reasons.
@Basics Explained, H3Vtux i mean not even with rising and falling edge issues, im talking about making the actual gate truth tables which is a whole issue in of itself
@@ithaca2076 OOOOOH i see. Yeah I can imagine working with truth tables with more than 2 variables would be agony.
That's all a bit more complicated than I think I can really get into with a 5 minute video haha. I did do a video on logic gates and truth tables though I didn't talk about that issue specifically ua-cam.com/video/vJO-5gY0wpk/v-deo.html
@Basics Explained, H3Vtux haha yea well i guess with enough effort i could figure i out. anything is possible
Can you use 2 cells to contribute to one number
I can't help but commenting the same content. But this is so interesting!!
Haha thanks man, I'm glad you enjoyed it! Every comment bumps up my search power so feel free to comment it every time XD
If this is true how did the Setun ternary computer manage to have the same performance as binary computers?
why dont just instead of voltage amount, just use binary mini circuit to change energy POSITION and measure WHERE the energy is instead of trying directly base 3 or 4? or using that make base 4 computer that converts things to base 2 before sending or receiving from internet or components?
the fuck i couldn't find this in search result lol
how about negative charge?
What about balanced ternary logic using +1V, 0V and -1V ?
Or others voltages values... In this case, the reability is better than the unbalanced ( only non negative signals )
2:24
Then what would happen if it goes above 100%
Or like what number would it be if it was at 50%
im interested
"Reliabilty" indeed
Maybe we’ll have trinary computers in the future
Could read 1/2 open door
"A _very_ high amount of electricity"? Nahh, a very low amount, actually. It's just "high" nominally.
I am interested
Thank you
🤗thanku freind!
But we still _do_ actually use bases 10 and 16 in computers.
NOw I get why my solid state external hard drives get corrupted.
So, The summary is that the REASON we still only use BASE 2 is because computer engineers were too LAZY to create a
High Precision state logic level management system? (🤔...................I'm not sure i got that RIGHT.)
Laziness wasn't the problem, in fact they did it successfully quite a few times. The problem is that no matter how precise you make logic level system, *there will be fluctuation due to the background radiation of the universe*. When you have fluctuation you encounter the rising edge falling edge problem, and physical space also plays a factor.
Making a storage system that could safely and accurrately store 3 level logic would require space that could fit 4 or 5 cells of 2 level logic.
@@H3Vtux I see.
So unless they create a mechanism that neutralizes /minimizes the rising/falling edge problem while addressing Level logic storage this is it.
Those sound like Billion dollar problem's NOBODY will wanna spend money on.
And YET...........I would keep my eye on South Korea, They are doing Amazing things with Technology over there.
This goes a long way towards explaining data corruption. Especially in Windoze.
Upload more!
*Perhaps it might be possible to design a trinary logic system based on three logical states..., 1-, On, current in a positive direction..., 2-, Off, no current..., and, 3-, On, but current in a negative direction... That way..., everything is ether full off or full on..., and if on..., either full on one way, or full on the other...*
It is possible, there is also a whole book about this.
V+ is 2
GND is 1
V- is 0
The usefulness of this is in the "Don't care" state. Where, whatever the bit value is, the result will be the same.
In VHDL this "Don't care" state can be implemented using std_match() and is represented by a dash - .
Example:
my_loop: for input(4 downto 0) loop
if input(3 downto 0) = "11--0" then
--------Do A-------
else
--------Do B------
end if;
end loop my_loop;
However, behind the scene it look like this ("sort of..."):
my_loop: for input(3 downto 0) loop
if input(3 downto 0) = "11000" then
--------Do A-------
elsif input(3 downto 0) = "11010" then
--------Do A-------
elsif input(3 downto 0) = "11100" then
--------Do A-------
elsif input(3 downto 0) = "11110" then
--------Do A-------
else
--------Do B------
end if;
end loop my_loop;
Which can take a great deal of logic area. However, by using ternary logic, the code would look like this, and the area will be WAY LESS.
my_loop: for input(4 downto 0) loop
if input(3 downto 0) = "22001" then
--------Do A-------
else
--------Do B------
end if;
end loop my_loop;
Where true is "2", false is "1", and "don't care" is "0".
This is the book if this interest you:
books.google.ca/books?id=ysqoBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ternary+logic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiqpjHyd3uAhXhhOAKHRGtBJoQ6AEwAnoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=ternary%20logic&f=false
@@alexanchannel Thank you sir...
@@Kreln1221 Well that's a weird way to say thank you... I don't know you are being sarcastic or not. But sorry if my explanation was too much.
@@alexanchannel I wasn't being sarcastic at all..., merely respectful... I thought about this basic "trinary" concept years ago, with the three logical current states of, +1, 0, & -1, but nothing more in depth... It's great to know that there are others that have thought about it as well, and have also taken the concept much further... In all honesty..., thinking back on it..., in the early 90's, there was a PC game called Star Trek 25th Anniversary..., and in it, there was a math conversion puzzle where you had to convert binary to trinary, as there were two different alien computer systems that you had to get working..., and as one of these in-game computers were trinary instead of binary..., I thought to myself, "How would that work?", and that's when I came up with the idea of those three logical states... But having said that..., it's obvious that some programmer at Interplay had already been thinking along those lines..., as it was already in the game's storyline...
Ternary is awesome!
1 2 10 11 12 20 21 22 100
Use 5
😀 its posible
I'm interested in collaborating with you. Reach out asap please!
Hello Ian, Any email or other service I can contact you with?
@@H3Vtux sure. Find me at Whittingtoncompany@gmail.com
Samsung ternary
Me knowing rising edge and falling edge from minecraft redstone
"I am 4 parallel universes ahead of you"
It’s a very funny meme that states that Minecraft engineers are far more superior compared to normal engineers
mEWHOTURNSINTOANDINTOINRDLEFTTORIGHTiAMPARALLELUNIVERSESAHEADOFYOU
I read that the Soviets did a trinary base it was -1 , 0 and 1. But I don't know what happened
Can we skip over the voltage reading method?
Really curious how the flash drives can do base 4 and a computer shouldn't
Thanks so much for the video!
+1
I have a question: what about balanced ternary, where the voltage can be described as Negative / zero / positive. Shouldn’t that be able to solve the reliability problem?
Hmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm!!!!!!!!!! Then we could be able to make some next gen computers before quantum computing comes in the form of laptop?🧐🧐🧐🧐 Interesting?.....................
@@alishaleno nah
holy shit im interested
your videos are a life saver i dont have enough time nor money to learn about computers but this is so easy to understand and well presented information that i just want more xD gonna watch some of your older videos in the meantime
Yeah, you just said why it's a bad idea, and then you said "but these things do it."
Duh. Of course I wanna know how they make it okay.
This might be a problem for real computers but not for simulated computers such as the ones people build in Minecraft/Terraria or some other software. It'd be interesting to see how higher base computers would perform there and also how high we can go.
Are those simulated computers being emulated on binary systems?
@@grandmaLilith I'm guessing, yeah
Then they will be limited and calculated with binary being the smallest representation of data @@feynstein1004
They could use base 3, by using negative voltage. Avoiding the whole problem that you are presenting in your video.
Read this book for more info:
books.google.ca/books?id=ysqoBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=ternary+logic&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjiqpjHyd3uAhXhhOAKHRGtBJoQ6AEwAnoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=ternary%20logic&f=false
Thanks @AlexChannel! I clicked this video and I was thinking "here's another video that gets ternary wrong and proly won't even mention the fact that binary is used largely because of it's ubiquitous legacy."
You turned what would have been a complete waste of time into an awesome resource.
Would it still fall foul of the rising/falling edge problem if switching from +ve to -ve (or vice versa)?
Dude your videos are so simple yet so well made, keep up the good work
Why have you used 4 as an example and not 3?
3 has actually been stated to be the most effecient system and it's not got the same reliability risk as base 4 as you have a leway of 33.3333...% which is still relatively low risk.
Even innovators like IBM and Samsung have dabbled in trenary and recognise its potential. It's more about the laborious process of producing such technology and distributing it en mass which is holding them back when all the current software architecture is based on base 2/binary. You can't really blame them for not being hasty trailblazers in such a difficult venture.
4th?
Good video but there is one base 3 design that you did not discuss.
Instead of using partially charged transistors to represent different base states, you could combine active high and active low circuits. Your 3 base states would positive high, negative high, and zero volts.
There may be reasons why this won't work, but you didn't discuss them.
Maybe that would help, good idea. But also maybe the crossover period would be a reliability problem still. I'd love to find out what could still be possible
Not worth it because you use another transistor to know whether the high state is positive or negative, then you are using 2 bits to represent a single base 3 number which will produce less values than binary numbers. We need to think more.
Thank you for the video, i'm interested in the solid state drive thing.
Can you make video for quantum computer? Thank me later ☺️❤️
Taking a break from studying for my CCNA and came here and went on a binge and learned like 20 more things. You're channel is awesome!
Where are you learning CCNA?? suggest some nice channel please
CCNA from cisco?
Your* sorry
The answer in voltage Reliability here saved you 5 plus minutes of video
Oh yeah, i wouldn't mind you to tell us more!!
What about balanced ternary? -1, 0, 1.
Why would that not work for todays fast systems?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setun
so it was a hardware problem all along.
that means that we might
with the help of electric and material engineering
be capable of doing it.
Balanced Ternary is the future.
I would like to know more.
Hey i want to thank you for making me understand about various stuffs through your video and i am in love with your presentation.
I have a request for you. Will you be able to create a video about computer networking deeply ?
If you could, that would be very helpful for many of us.
Ternary (trinary) is like 20% more economical in CPU usage and if mass producing computers received a complete reboot, ternary would likely be the system that would be used, but due to the fact that binary was first to become the defacto system, it will likely remain that way. With solid state drives as capable as they are to record data in different number systems, there is no longer the restraint of on/off states like there was for magnetic disk hard (and floppy and tape drives.)
The main reason ternary is more efficient is that performing one of the most basic logic functions, the ternary function of *else* is available with every trit (a ternary bit,) which would take quite a few bits to perform the same function. Maths are also performed more efficiently, since the three inherent states of a trit are -1, 0 and 1(+1)
Since bipolar transistors would be used for a ternary CPU, there isn't a problem of in between states because the states of a trit would be either negative voltage, positive voltage or off.
Really interesting. Thanks a lot for taking the time to explain thins like this. Your videos are just awesome! :)
4 weeks and still no upload? New educational videos please!!!!
I feel like this channel is not getting enough attention. Very informative videos.
If in the future we develop the capability of reliably hitting the correct percentages for base 3 to the point where we could be as accurate as we can now with binary, would that make a difference in computing power? In a perfect world is base 3 better than binary? Is it something worth developing?
Can you explain how quantum computers work ??
I believe quantum computers have 0 and 1 as states (like binary), but, by taking advantage of quantum superposition, they can also have any value between them (like 0.5) as a state.
Well sure, but the PFC of the LTI won't allow for the MBN to run at full gigacycles. If the ALU used a BSI based ISA rather than PIS then it could run at half wave compatibility. But otherwise, the BMM isn't going to provide more than unity gain to the AC bus at +/-3.71 volts and 21 nanoamps at a frequency of 345ghz. If you could overclock the LTT, you might reach the THZ regime, but at that point your wavelength is gonna be too small to be practical.
Thanks for the explanation!
To me it looks like it makes sense for quantum computers to use a base 3 system. I believe we have qutrits already. I'm curious about a few things. How many base base 3 transistors ( assuming they are reliable ) would be we need to beat the current base 2 cpus with 2-3 billion transistors?
Thank you. Makes alot of sense