Misunderstood Moments in History - Cleopatra's Egypt
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- Опубліковано 1 чер 2024
- The rich history of ancient Egypt is often reduced to nothing but Pharaohs and slaves in the desert. Today we will be bringing to life the fascinating tale of the Ptolemaic Dynasty and its most famous ruler, Queen Cleopatra!
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Documentary Credits:
Research: Arienne King
Script: Invicta
Artwork: Robbie McSweeney, Assassin's Creed Origins
Editing: Invicta
Music: Assassin's Creed Origins Soundtrack
Secondary Sources
-Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra by Michel Chauveau
-The Hellenistic Age by Peter Green
-Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt: Case Studies in the Social History of the Hellenistic World by Naphtali
Lewis
-Cleopatra: A Biography by Duane Roller
-Cleopatra: A Sourcebook by Prudence Jones
-Cleopatra and Rome by Diane E. E. Kleiner
-The Last Pharaohs: Egypt Under the Ptolemies, 305 to 30 BCE by J.G. Manning
-Hellenistic Egypt: Monarchy, Society, Economy, Culture by Jean Bingen
Army & Society in Ptolemaic Egypt by Christelle Fischer
Bovet
-Money in Ptolemaic Egypt by Sitta von Reden
-Law & Enforcement in Ptolemaic Egypt by John Bauschatz
-Counting the Greeks in Egypt: Immigration in the First Century of Ptolemaic Rule by
Christelle Fischer-Bovet
-Ancient Alexandria: Between Egypt and Greece by W. V. Harris and Giovanni Ruffini
-The Hellenistic Age from the Battle of Ipsos to the Death of Kleopatra by Stanley
Burstein
-The Ptolemies, the Sea and the Nile: Studies in Waterborne Power edited by Kostas
-Buraselis, Mary Stefanou and Dorothy J. Thompson
-Ethnicity in Ptolemaic Egypt by Koen Goudriaan
Primary Sources
-Parallel Lives by Plutarch
-Roman History by Cassius Dio
-Geografia by Strabo
-The Histories by Polybius - Ігри
It's crazy how, when Julius Caesar visited Egypt, the pyramids were already 2500 years old.
Egypt was one of the most long lasting cultures on the planet spanning 30 centuries. People have a hard time wrapping their head around the shear amount of time that is. The Ptolemaic dynasty alone lasted longer than the entire history of the United States. The Ptolemaic dynasty ruled Egypt for 275 years between 305BC to 30BC while the US is only 241 years old. The Pharos Lighthouse was already 240 years old when Julius Caesar first set eyes on it. Egypt is timeless they say.
One of the biggest misunderstandings is that Egypt also did Not end with the death of Cleopatra. The original Egyptian culture continued to thrive under Roman provincial governors. The temples to the old gods were still maintained and the religion itself gained new converts throughout the empire. Shrines dedicated to cult of Isis were particularly popular in Roman cities and spreading as far away as Londinium (London) and Parasii (Paris). The city of Alexandria continued to be a center of learning and trade. Egypt was by far the wealthiest province in all of the Roman empire. Egypt was still thriving 5 centuries Ceopatra's death while Rome itself was being sacked by Barbarians. Cultural death of Egypt did not occur until the Islamic conquests in the 7th century when the both the language and classical religion were outlawed.
Novusod Egypt was so wealthy as a province that Augustus made it the personal property of the Emperors.
chris placido much older than that.
Novusod not 257 years the Kemet(the original name off Egypt, stand for "black land because of thr.black people that lived and rules there till the year of 650 a.d.) culture was 5000 years old whit more than 25 dynasties
chris placido when The old kingdom was around there were still mammoths roaming the wild. Crazy right.
Cleopatra's line did not end with her as you said. Her daughter and youngest two sons, her children with Mark Antony, outlived her and their father and where brought back to Rome were they where raised in Octavian/Augustus' household, and while of the two sons one most likely died from disease relatively early and the fate of the other is almost entirely unknown the daughter, Cleopatra Selene II, however grew up and was married to Juba II, who had also been raised in Augustus' home and further was the heir to the Roman client kingdom Mauritania. After their marriage that couple ruled Mauritania from Caesarea(modern Cherchell, Algeria) and had one son, Ptolemy of Mauretania. He was the king famously lured to Rome and executed by Caligula, but he also left a daughter, Drusilla. Drusilla was first married to a Greek named Antonius Felix, but was later divorced by him as he fell in love with another woman, Drusillas second marriage was then with the Priest King of Emesa Sohaemus. Drusillas descendants then became the Royal family of Emesa, who while they where eventually stripped of their royal status when Emessa was absorbed into the Roman province of Syria maintained their hereditary position as high priests of the Sun God Elagabalus. This until one of daughter, Julia Domna, of this family was prophesied to be destined to marry a future king, a man named Septimius Severus allegedly heard this legend and tracke her down and married her. She bore him two sons, today known to us as Caracalla and Geta, and following year of the five emperors Septimius Severus came out as the founder of the Sevaran dynasty. When he died Caracalla and Geta inherited the Roman empire and after them the grandchildren of Julia Domnas sister, Julia Maesa, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus also got their turns as Emperors. Alexander Severus is then generally being viewed as the last Emperor of the Principate, meaning a direct descendant of Cleopatra saw the end of the Imperial order established by the man responsible for her death.
*Plot twist*
wow
Impressive
Can we be friends?
You sir, won the internet for today. It is just a shame we can't track lineages like that very well to the present day.
Caesar and Mark Anthony: “guys she’s actually really cool and smart”
Roman contemporaries: “IF SHE BREATHES SHES A THOT”
"Thot, guys, cool and she" werent words back then
@@4zap7 not sure if you're serious, but please get some help. Thot isn't even a word, it's cultural slang and Julius Caesar didn't write the Bible?
Just please see a psychologist or something, I'm worried about you.
@@4zap7 knock it off.
@@niceguy1853 Go download a sense of humor, you moron.
BetaProductionz: "guys im actually really cool and smart"
Contemporaries: "You don't even seem to know the standard spelling of a name in your 'joke.' Also, Roman patriarchy did nothing wrong."
So funny that Egypt stopped to be "Egyptian" so long ago, and it changed dominant culture so many times. First it became Greek, then Roman, and now is Arabic.
Even when Egypt was ruled by the Romans, the dominant culture was Greek, as elsewhere in the eastern Mediterranean (including southern Italy). In Rome itself the better educated citizens spoke Greek - Caesar's last words are reported to have been in that language, not Latin, in spite of what Shakespeare might tell you. The Romans were well aware of their own cultural debt to Greece, and understood that a person familiar with Hellenic culture (whether ethnically Greek or not) could not be Romanized in the same manner as, say, a Rhenish rustic for whom a provincial Roman town was the height of sophistication. Ironically, they fancied themselves descended of the Trojans in the "Iliad," and thus, in a way, as the ultimate anti-Greeks; it was a point of pride for them to have surpassed the nation of Homer, Themistocles, Herodotus, Plato, Alexander, and Pyrrhus.
We are egyptian... Its just
Defficult culture🙂💔
Why is that funny?
@@polamoussa722 becayse Egypt is seen as the ancient culture thats been around for thousands of years when in reality that hasnt been the case for thousands of years as they adopted Greek, Roman, Ottoman, now arabian culture.
Water has the same properties
I'm so glad that somebody else realizes how long Egypt's history stretches for, like with Cleopatra living closer to our time than the construction of the Pyramids of Giza. I just love these kind of things!
@@stevenwan9561 Egypt, greece, china and idia
Youssef Nah not really Greece as it is a combination of Babylonian and ancient Mesopotamia culture, but India yes.
Ikr? It’s crazy! I never learned that in school...or I didn’t pay attention enough😬
@@stevenwan9561 India started in the 900s BC when the Indo Aryans came and settled and the last Indus remnants got destroyed. Persia is probably older than India through this
The pyramids had nothing to do with the Egyptians. But I get you
*Cleopatra’s Brother:* I’m the real ruler of Egypt.
*Cleopatra:* Then why do our coins have my face on them? 😎
He was a child, only 10 years old. She on the other hand was 17/18.
abdi mojo still pretty badass
@Antares Those weren’t Roman coins.
Those North African Elephants were called "woodland, bush or forest elephants". And, they were thought extinct for many yrs. However, several yrs ago a wildlife biologist studying Saharan Elephants noticed that there was a group of what he called "pygmy elephants" that would stay in the woods whilst the others would venture out during the day. Later, it was discovered that these were likely the last remnants of the North African Woodland Elephant that had been extensively used for labor & warfare by N. Africans & others across the Mediterranean. The same type of elephant that served the Carthaginian generals like, Hannibal Barca so well in Iberia. It's thought that, by secluding themselves within the N. African forest amongst the vital creeks & streams which sustained them, they were generally protected from further exploitation & also total extinction.
Oh, never heard about the possible surviving north african elephants, very interesting, thanks!
@@jakobschoning7355 yep, np. And btw, very few people have heard of them.
@@savagesavant4964 It's probably best that way, poor things. Terrible part of the world to be stuck in right now, hope they are not exploited and wiped out.
@@JCDenton3 def not easy to survive there
Oh by the way Cleopatra and Marc Antony's lineage did not disappear. One of her daughter's, her name was Cleopatra Selene 8th was married off to a King from North Africa, the Mauritanian Kingdom. Then there descendants were married off to the Palmyran Kingdom of Syria. Then some of the Palmyran descendants married Roman Senators. So Cleopatra and Marc Antony descendants live on in the Syrian People and Italian People.
Aaron Moreno thanks for posting that, I actually hadn't heard it before
I'm 1/4 Italian. Does this mean I might be 1/tons of numbers Cleopatra?
You ASSUME that none of these descendents were killed off in the endless wars in Europe and Asia Minor. Do you have evidence to support your claims?
Mr Doctor Professor Patrick might, but in a court of law you won't.
Marque Lethenstrom well marc antony didnt really have any claim whatsoever to the throne. So theres no point to kill the whole family. The only one that have claim to the throne is ceasar and cleo's son. Mark just someone who happen to befriend ceasar before he is killed. Something like that.
Man I love Assassin's Creed Oranges
Titus Bruticus origins
Oh really?
Sum Lum No, I’m pretty sure it’s oranges. 🤔
Sum Lum r/woooosh
Those are the sweetest, juiciest oranges. Just look out for a hooded man whispering...
*requiescat in pace*
It honestly makes me love the AC series more that the developer and publisher sponsored a video so fans of the game, and non fans, could understand everything in it. Props.
Wow, I love the nuts and bolts of government in the Classical Age, never get tired of it.
blockmasterscott it is super fascinating indeed! The whole egyptian economy itself is super detailed, Historia Civilis did a great video on it
You should also check out Extra Credits bronze age vids.
Zedek oh I’m subscribed there. Awesome UA-cam channel!
blockmasterscott is the day you get to your house and get your Christmas present from your family and friends and family and friends family and family friends and family and friends and family friends and friends family and friends and family and friends family and family friends and family and friends and family friends and friends family and friends and family and friends family and family friends and family and friends and family friends and friends family and friends and family and friends family and family friends and family and friends and family friends and friends family and friends and family and friends family and family friends and family and friends and family friends and friends family and friends and all family family friends family family love you merry merry and wonderful happy happy Christmas happy happy new merry merry happy birthday merry merry happy merry merry new Christmas hope you’re happy Birthday was the Christmas and merry merry happy happy Birthday I love my family so much and hope to you have a great day love y’all hope you’re happy to be with you soon love y’all hope you’re happy and your happy Birthday hope you are having wonderful friends you have to do a good Christmas Day you and your family have fun thanks for the Christmas Christmas and Christmas Day the way you are having
hi i hope you have a nice day and night and day out of the week fall fallen in love with you and your family and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and family members and friends and relatives of my friends list and a half hour or so and so on the surface of the week fall fallen in love with you and your family is the most popular of my friends list and a lot to do the fishstick to get a chance to get a chance to get a chance to get a free online game and a lot to do the fishstick to the ki the shame on you to be the best way to get the best dad
HE WAS A CONSUL OF ROME!!!!!!!!
Shame on the ptholemaic house,SHAME
Caesar: Shame, Shame on the house of Ptolemy The Eunuch: But...but... he was your enemyCaesar: HE WAS A CONSUL OF ROME!!!!
"Α Consul of Rome...to die in this sordid way....quartered like some low thief. SHAME!" Man, is Ciaran Hinds the best Caesar or what.
He was part of the rebel alliance, and a traitor.
Ciaran Hinds is great in general.
Another bit of interesting trivia: The Ancient Greek word Hellas (Ἑλλάς, Ellás) is the original word for Greece, from which the word "Hellenistic" was derived.
Actually even today Greece's official name is Hellenic Republic
It also is the greek word for 'light'
@@SAVARImedia are you sure? last time I checked it light in Greek is Φώς.
@@user-it2hc6bx5t you are absolutely right. I stand corrected. I was confused with the German word for bright which is Hell. Thanks for the correction!
@@SAVARImedia No problem. Happy I was usefull!
Anyone else been on an ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome binge the past couple days?
yeah me because ancient somali city states used to trade with ancient egypt and won a war against the persians so i wanted to know more about my people and people from that time
Hi 😊 hope you can check my video out 💕 it's also about cleopatra ua-cam.com/video/6CxnVxJ_W9Q/v-deo.html
Am all about history regards from Libya
@@angelinelazo9006 will do see you your comment section
@Jordan & Jordan you must be so obssesed with Greece u have created a fan page. greece has 93 ehtnic greeks. North fakeadonia as 60
Gotta say, I don't care much for the gameplay content on Invicta, but I knew subbing for the history was more than worth it. Brilliant video, love the mix of artwork and ingame shots.
UA-cam: Featured game = Fallout 4
Video: Thanks to our sponsors Ubisoft who made assassins creed origins and this video is about Egypt much like the game.
UA-cam: Yep, definitely Fallout 4.
I would love a video about the Aztecs! The way you explain everything on each video is perfect! Keep up the good work!
Carlos Portales
Indians in general are awesome
Yes please do a video explaining how the Mexica (the reigning tribe of Mesoamerican natives who people often confuse as the Aztecs, the word "Aztec" was a generic term for people) were brutal overlords to the other Mesoamerican neighboring tribes and extorted them for food, tribute and slaves. The slaves were used for both human labor, as Mesoamerican natives had no knowledge of the wheel, and as blood sacrifices. That's right *slavery was present in the Americas long before Europeans arrived.* What's further is that those tribes who fought against the Mexica with Cortes such as *the Tlaxcalans were actually rewarded by King Charles V of Spain and were exempted from various laws.* This was done of course after Cortes had died, and many of his fellow conquistadors testified before the King Charles V in favor of the Native Tlaxcalans telling how their assistance was invaluable during the conquest.
rejvaik that right there is way more than what I knew. Now imagine of we had a video on it :3
I know right there is just so much academic history that is waiting to become public knowledge and common history. Like how people could finally stop using the word "Aztec" incorrectly and start using the term "Nahua" to refer to all the Mesoamerican tribes that spoke the language Nahuatl. It was Alexander von Humbolt and William H. Prescott that incorrectly coined the term in the 19th century to refer to all Mesoamerican peoples. Yet the Atzlan myth from the Aubin Codex tells us that the god Huitzilopochtli forbade them to call themselves Azteca but were to be referred to as Mexica
Also the "Aztec Empire" was never "Aztec" nor an "empire" it was an alliance of city states three of them to be precise Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan. the alliance was formed somewhere around 1426 and pretty much dominated the valley of Mexico. the alliance was the product of a civil war fought between city-states of Azcapotzalco and Tenochtitlan
I was taking a class in this very topic back in college and it reignited my passion for history. It's nice to see you guys shed some light on this topic as well.
I’m so glad they sponsored you :) you deserve the support and recognition from a high profile company. Keep up the amazing work!
Cleopatra was both a literal and metaphorical *QUEEN.*
Nah she relied on both Mark Antony and Caesar too much for me to be impressed by her.
She took the title of Pharaoh, which is king. Not queen. She was a king.
@@alyenendrovtsorokean7406 she took both.
@@modarnwarfare2rull There was no other option. Egypt was a client state of Rome for generations before her.
A more of lke today's sluts.
As a Queen 😂
The artwork is so beautiful. Its making me wish i could travel back in time to spend time in ancient Egypt! Thank you for a great video!
Had no idea how developed and interesting Ptolemaic Egypt was. Great video
Comment section summarized: Cleopatra wasn’t dark skinned she was 100% Greek.
Have a good day folks.
Actually she did have minute Persian ancestry.
@@fabianhale845 cleopatra was all Greek
Not quite. Although Kleopatra was Ptolemaic, she did have Seleucid ancestors as well. And the Seleucids are directly descended from Seleucus I and Apama I, a daughter of a Sogdian warlord.
@@fabianhale845 But the Seleucids were for Persia what the Ptolemaic were for Egypt. Seleucus I was a Macedonian.
Be that as it may, the Seleucids as we know them descend from the line produced by Seleucus and Apama. The Seleucids were indeed Macedonians but that doesn’t negate their Sogdian/Persian ancestry as well.
Dang two minutes into the video, I already wanna play CK2 and restore the Roman empire.
Communist Banana
And murdering her after you had a son to inherit her titles
And then you remember that they just updated the game again, and you need the new 20$ DLC to play a game with all the new features balanced right. Personally CK2 stopped being fun for me sometime after Charlemagne. Feature creep kills Paradox games.
Dick.Turpentine just pirate it dude
Dick.Turpentine Nah.
Why not play Total War: Rome 2 and perpetuate it?
OHohoh ! Great way to start the Christmas holidays ! Vikings / Kgnightfall / Invicta Video ! Hell yeah
Caramel Johnson Ive actually never seen Knighfall. How is it?
Now for some reason I'm looking forward to the selucids..
ARCHE SELEUKIA
Less crazy than the Ptolemies, but also less interesting
I find the seleucids very interesting, they were a real power in the region, in fact when the seleucids had a resurgence under Antiochus IV and started smashing the Egyptians back to Alexandria basically the only thing that saved Egypt was the Romans threatening war if they didn't turn around and go home.
KamikazKid definitely, it was just a joke. Haha, the only reason I said they were boring was because they were not either banging eachother or murdering eachother. They were comparably stable. The Seleucids are very interesting in their own way
The Ptolemies, the Kardashians of the ancient world their motto: "incest more like wincest!"
Thanks Invicta for a good short overview. Thumbs up.
The artwork is absolutely stunning. Wish all episodes were like this
UBUSOFT?!
The Astro Gamer 😂😂😂
The Astro Gamer Creating the same game for atleast a decade
I was just pointing out how he misspelled Ubisoft.
The Astro Gamer Oh ok
LOL Its showing fallout 4 instead of asscreed
Cleopatra was Greek Macedonian mixed with Persian.
Cleopatra had 2 Persian ancestors, 1. The Persian princess Laodice III of Pontus, the daughter of the Persian King Mithridates II of Pontus. She was Cleopatra I Syra’s mother and a Seleucid Queen. Laodice III was Antiochus III the Great’s wife, the Seleucid Emperor and he was half Greek and half Persian. 2. Apama I, the Persian wife of Seleucus I Nicator.
Cleopatra’s Persian ancestors were Cyrus the Great and Darius the Great, being a descendant of the Persian princess Laodice III of Pontus, because the Persian Mithridatic dynasty who ruled the Kingdom of Pontus, were a powerful and noble Persian family, directly related to Darius the Great, Cyrus the Great of Persia.
Cleopatra I Syra, the Queen of Egypt was 2/3 Persian and 1/3 Greek Macedonian, her mother (Laodice III) was Persian and her father (Antiochus III the Great) was half Persian and half Greek. All Ptolemies and Cleopatra after Cleopatra I Syra were descendants of her because the Ptolemaic dynasty practiced 300 years of incestuous marriages to remain pure. Cleopatra I Syra was Cleopatra’s ancestor from her both sides, her father and her mother.
None of the Ptolemaic Kings ever learned the language of Egyptians except for Cleopatra. Cleopatra's ancestors married each other and to other Greeks to separate themselves from the Egyptians. The Ptolemies’ culture and beliefs were Hellenistic not Egyptian. Cleopatra learned the Egyptian language for political reasons. Plutarch wrote that she alone of her house took the trouble to learn Egyptian and, for political reasons, styled herself as the new Isis, a title that distinguished her from the earlier Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra III, who had also claimed to be the living embodiment of the goddess Isis. "
we don't know what Cleo ll was mixed w/but she self-reports that her mother was all Egyptian..
@@cinnamonpirate5294 No, her mother was not Egyptian, she was a mix of Greeks and Persians.
@@laodice_III so say some. but in her own words her mother was egyptian.
for verification TRUTHFULLY there is NO solid record of her birth mother, so i'll take a self-reporting over long past speculation (usually by academic racists who can't fathom her not being non-white!)
@@cinnamonpirate5294 She never said that her mother was Egyptian. None of the Ptolemaic Kings ever learned the language of Egyptians except for Cleopatra. Cleopatra's ancestors married each other and 2 Persian-Greek princesses to separate themselves from the Egyptians. The Ptolemies’ culture and beliefs were Hellenistic not Egyptian. Cleopatra learned the Egyptian language for political reasons. Plutarch wrote that she alone of her house took the trouble to learn Egyptian and, for political reasons, styled herself as the new Isis, a title that distinguished her from the earlier Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra III, who had also claimed to be the living embodiment of the goddess Isis. "
Those renders were crazy beautiful! Congratulations on having such good sponsors great video!
So beautiful! Thank you so much for this!
I can’t wait until Netflix’s Queen Cleopatra documentary comes out and tells us that everything you said here was wrong because of modern politics.
Cleopatra was ethnically Greek/Macedonian, and picturing her looking like a Somali woman would already look normal in modern Hollywood movies, but not so much in a historical documentary.
@B C Eh, no clear evidence of that. But even if she is part Persian, this is what Persians look like: www.rferl.org/a/iran-brace-us-visa-immigration-ban/28261334.html
@B C Laodice was from the Pontus Kingdom, which was Hellenistic, yes, its ruling family descended in part from the Persians, but her mother was a Greek and the population was largely Greek. Antiochus III was also actually a Macedonian. To call Cleopatra VII mixed with Persians is a bit splitting hairs. Most mix raced people with 1/4 something else loses all trace of it in their appearance. Not saying they aren't part of that race, but how "one drop policy" are you going to get? Elizabeth Warren is claiming she is Native American.......it's just, I don't think so
@@Queen.Cassandane_Persia_Iran but they have had so much Greek blood though since it's establishment. And Antiochus III was Greek. The whole kingdom was Hellenistic. I'm not saying it's not Persian, but saying Cleopatra is part Persian, while technically not incorrect, is like saying Elizabeth Warren is part American Indian, which, while also technically not incorrect, is somewhat a moot point
@@Queen.Cassandane_Persia_Iran The dynasty was started by a Persian noble, but they have mixed with Hellenistic populations and became thoroughly Hellennized. Regardless, claiming Cleopatra was Persian is like me claiming I'm Native American. One drop policy much?
@@Queen.Cassandane_Persia_Iran Nope. The dynasty was mixed with Macedonians. Culturally, the kingdom was Hellenized,[8] with Greek the official language.[9]. You might have missed that part?
I'm always excited when I see there's a new "Moments in History"! Great episode, as usual
George McCat glad you enjoyed! I did get a bit carried away turning a Moment into an entire dynasty but I think its necessary to set up future episodes
Very informative. Thanks Invicta!
Also the Tessarakonteres(40-rowed in Greek) was not really a war-ship but served more as a prestige ship, than as a warship due to its large size making it impractical for effective naval combat
its also theorized that it was a catamaran design with two ships essentially bridged together. Still pretty impressive even though it was just a show piece
Well thats a waste. While it may not be useful for ramming, although with that size it can just sail forward and sink any ship that crazy enough to go head to head with it or didnt get away from it in time, that ship is great to used at firing platform if equip with balistas. Kinda like medieval ships equip with cannons at the sides of the ships. Well at least it looks capable to do so. Put three or four launchers on each sides or just the middle if the launchers are big and launch fire pots or explosive pots at and triremes and trying to ram it from the sides. Kinda like that black metal ship from the second movie of 300.
Cleopatra wasn't egyptian... Ptolemy line was like the the Targaryens in GoT, it can't get more inbred than that. Pure greek that one.
actually there is evidence that the ptolemaic dynasty interbred with Egyptians. not pure greek and they also adopted Egyptian culture and beliefs
+Steven kothenbeutel There is no evidence of that at all. The Ptolemies’ culture and beliefs were Hellenistic not Egyptian. They may have absorbed Egyptian cultural aspects but you make it sound like the Ptolemies just disregarded their Macedonian heritage and all of a sudden decided to be nothing but Egyptian.
+Jonathan Williams actually they did marry other Greeks. The Ptolemies also married amongst fellow Hellenistic kingdoms like the Seleucids. But yes the Ptolemies were incestuous for most of their reign.
+Jonathan Williams Didn’t Ptolemy I marry Berenike I who wasn’t related to him at all? Didn’t Ptolemy II marry Arsinoe I, daughter of Lysimachus? Didn’t Ptolemy V marry Kleopatra I, daughter of Seleucus III? I agree the rest of the dynasty practiced incest but there are examples of Ptolemaic kings marrying other Greeks.
@Emmanuel: yes and no. On average Egyptians are significantly darker, more olive-toned than Greeks, although the latter are a varied bunch when it comes to phenotypes and physical features like light skin, olive skin, dark hair, light hair, etc. In either case Cleopatra VII, whose only known ancestry is Macedonian Greek with a tiny bit of Sogdian Persian, was painted as a light-skinned woman by the Romans at Pompeii and Herculaneum:
Pompeian painting made of Cleo during her lifetime and perhaps even during her visit to Italy, where her statue was erected by Caesar at Rome in the Temple of Venus Genetrix (which this painting here portrays):
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii,_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII_(2).jpg
Herculaneum portrait of Cleopatra painted posthumously, in the Pompeian Third Style, about 50 years after her death (although coins, statues, and paintings of her still existed all over the place, so people still generally knew what she looked like): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Retrato_femenino_(26771127162).jpg
This was a great and magnificent video yo! Thanks man!
Stunning graphics and illustrations! Loved it!
I can understand the outrage about the Jada Pinckett-Smith Netflix “documentary”
Wow great art work
Karan Trivedi theres truly some awesome talent out there and Im so happy we can leverage it to bring the past to life
Invicta yea amazing. Really well done. Love all your historical docs
It's mostly screenshots from the new assassins creed video game
Aren't these screen art from the design team of Assasins' Creed?
Outstanding video. I am very interested in ancient history and the information you shared was very informative. Thanks for posting
Thank you Invicta for this video
"OO-bisoft" - Invicta 2017
That's how it's properly pronounced...
Actually the first vowel is an umlaut because it is from French and so there really is no proper way to say it in English. That being said that same vowel in Middle English did become yu. Use and sure (shur
@@Arexsis no its not! Go on ubisoft UA-cam channel its pronounced ubisoft
6:45 in modern greek and athenian strategos means generals strate (army) and gos comes from arxigos (leader) so the whole word means the leader of a army Also here strategos can mean military govenor similar to the proconsuls of Rome who were regional governors
In ancient Greek Strategos means the exact same thing
Really enjoy your videos. From presentation to format.
Another perfect documentary. Good job man.
The Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt was a kingdom ruled by an Macedonian King and court. The elite citizens were the Greek colonists who resided mainly in Alexandria and various other Greek enclaves in Egypt. The Greeks colonists manned the elite phalanx armies of Egypt forming a classical Macedonian style war machine. Native Egyptians formed various levies and were not permitted in the core Ptolemaic army out of fear they might rebel while being trained in advanced Greek military tactics.
The Greeks were an occupying force in Egypt.
Well Greece is an indebted sack of shit now so karma's a bitch.
♞ Go Fuck Yourself ♞ Why the hate?
No hate ψηλέ, απλά δε μπορούμε να μιλάμε για χρέη της Γερμανίας και της Τουρκίας απέναντί μας αλλα ενώ θέλουμε να είμαστε συνεχιστές της αρχαίας Ελλάδας να ξεχνάμε οτι γαμήσαμε τον πλανήτη πριν απόλους.
Συγγνώμη, έχω την τάση να υποθέτω οτι τα άτομα που μιλάω στο youtube είναι συνομήλικα για κάποιο λόγο. Έτσι απευθύνομαι σε άτομα στην ηλικία μου συνήθως αλλα αν ο άλλος είναι μεγαλύτερος είναι αγένεια.
♞ Go Fuck Yourself ♞ Εισαι το ιδιο ηλιθιος με το χρυσαυγουλο απο κατω. Τραβα διαβασε λιγη ιστορια αν πιστευεις οτι η αρχαια Ελλαδα σαν πολιτισμος "γαμησε τον πλανητη". Και στην τελικη αμα δε γουσταρεις δρομο κι αντε στο murica με τις bitchez.
Good on Ubisoft for helping make this. This was a really informative and well done.
This was wonderful, nice work!
Good to see a well-researched video on this subject.
Prepare for views! Just saw that someone posted this video to the History subreddit, and it's now rising in r/all!
Jester Jay wow thats awesome to hear! I made this live just before boarding a flight and am so excited to see the progress its making.
Jester Jay ok
S Has has to catchup and mustard for my family to get them back from my day thanks to you too
@@InvictaHistory
ua-cam.com/video/rixUNnauX8I/v-deo.html
Assassin’s Creed Origins soundtrack and pictures and concept art, is spot on with this video 🙌🏼 best ancient egypt game of all time. Also your video is top notch 👍🏼
This is amazing. Great job! Thanks.
So glad you were allowed to use the AC soundtrack for this, it's beautiful.
Epic History and Invicta upload within the same day??? It is a Christmas miracle.
Abyssinia Empire I am so happy to see a bunch of the history content producers kicking ass lately : )
Invicta The upcoming collaboration with various content creators is the coalition of the century in my opinion, and because of that I know for sure I was born in the right decade!
long live the abyssinian empire!
one video is about ancient egypt, and the other is about modern event in eygpt
Abyssinia Empire long live Abyssinia, may she once again reign. May the Emperors return
This is really well done, especially with the AC background music, I hope you would do a greek history one when AC Odyssey releases next week.
The visuals in this video are incredible! Very immersive artwork.
I love your channel dude, the historical videos are the best.
Thanks for the video, I finished the game's main story line last night. I have to say great comeback for the franchise and the story was compelling. The historical additions to not only characters but life in that era were ( for lack of better words) breathtaking. This video helped to fill gaps of understanding of whats going on in game. The game does a solid job in giving you an idea of the topics discussed today, Thank you , Invicta
Joseph Alemar I have yet to put much time in the game but I'm really hoping to dive in and honestly just go for a walk in the amazing environment. Im thinking of doing some sort of livestream with a historian where we would just explore and discuss
Invicta the flora, fauna and the life given to the cities, villages, towns tombs will be a great addition to your ventures
The game is sooo pretty, the places are amazing... but the story is just dead children making a random dude angry.
Joseph Alemar are you talking about assassins creed origins?
To bad they couldn't use black people who started Egypt who dont get lice oh and who can withstand the mf sun for a longer period of time than a white person no offence but genetically facts here
So cleopatra isn't even Egyptian. She's macedonian
greek
@@katireei7761 Macedonia is greek so yea
If we go back far enough, we are all African.
Since you need to go through Egypt to reach Europe by land, I am pretty sure Cleopatra's ancestors were Egyptian long before they became Macedonians and eventually they became Egyptian rulers for over 3 centuries, which makes Cleopatra pretty much an Egyptian.
And even though she might have seen herself as a Hellenic Egyptian, she probably didn't see herself as a Macedonian.
@bobysze She did identify as Macedonian. The Ptolemies originated from Greece and Macedon.
Correct. The Ptolomy family is from somewhere I think around the central area of Macedonia in Greece today. So she was in fact Macedonian
Most people are unaware of this important fact, most tend to assume that she was Egyptian until they actually research it.
I mean, there's a reason why she was insanely beautiful.
I love the breakdown of Hellene culture in Egypt, very useful! Great Video!
One of the best you have done so far! Art work looks so good too! Sound and video quality top nodes! May I suggest doing a small side segment in videos like these, where you talk about the gods of ancient world and how it affected their decisions both in war and in government.
The sound and art are mostly from Ubisoft
Ruling for 15 generations despite brother-sister incest is pretty impressive. Cleopatra VII was apparently both beautiful, able bodied, and intelligent. I wonder if the Ptolemies has some kind of genetic advantage
There is no such thing as genetic advantage... That sounds very deterministic
Cleopatra was not beautiful, nobody contemporary said that.
+BubbleBreak
There was a *lot* of incest in the Ptolemaic Dynasty.
She was not described as really beautiful, but the rest is true. Negative consequences of incest are vastly exagerrated in popular mind, it's not like one or two generations (or fifteen in this case) lead to three-armed mutants, it's more like specific recessive maladies do appear far more often - IF they are present in the first place that is.
Daniel Thrush There is...
Good job. I was wondering if you were going to mention the medium infantry and different types of elephants used.
Man, I really wish you did more documentary and edutainment style content like this more regularly.
Loved this, pls do more videos like this about other nations/civilizations.
When Cleopatra Ruled the pyramids had alredy seen over 2500 years gone by!
When you watch this on Christmas, and get Assassin's Creed Origins on Christmas. *Merry Christmas mates!*
The vector art in these videos is making me want to try it again. Great vid and great art.
This was really entertaining. Thank you
*''Evolution of the Roman Legions: Part 1 - Kingdom (8-7th Century BC).'' When are you going to do Part II??? Seriously it is your single best video and you promised repeatedly to finish it, years ago ! Please DO this!!*
This is when a time machine would be great. Imagine being about to see the pyramids at the height of their glory? Unbelievable.
Thank you wery much for this vid, it answered a lot of questions that i had thank you again BIG LIKE
I effing love the illustrations in this one
Gorgeous
Fascinating details. Cleopatra really was a fascinating individual. It's a sad end for an amazing woman.
Invicta please do a video on the Natives of Mesoamerica and the Triple Alliance of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan better known as the Aztec(meaning people from Aztlan) Empire
Those pictures are incredible. Brings it to life.
Excellent job, thats a lot of work.
wait back up...Ubisoft sponsored you?
Damn, you guys are going places.
A punch in the stomach of all those sad trolls of FYROM (first yugoslavic republic of macedonia) who claim that Macedonians were distinct group of people with Greek tribes, or even that they were Slavic people, and those sad trolls are their discendants.
Sad trolls...
@Jonathan Williams - Hahahahaha You think all Slavs come from Russia Hahahahaha!!!!
@David Renton Greeks are NOT Slavic. Mixed with them? Sure. And Macedon WAS literally a separate kingdom. Not related to modern state of Macedonia, no, but not much related to modern Greece either.
Great details, great sound, subscribed. :)
Excellent content. Please make more and perhaps create a survey course of each empire.
Everyone insists that Cleopatra was actually hideously deformed. I disagree. Why would Caesar (one of the most powerful men in the world at his peak) risk his public and political power to romantically pursue someone hideously deformed? If it was a power play, there were multiple other ways for Rome to gain power in Egypt. It should go without saying that Caesar, a powerful and relatively at the very least average looking Roman man, would have his pick of spouse. Why then with various other ways of bringing himself to influence Egypt and various options to choose any mate he would like would he go for a Cleopatra that was anything less than average?
The only evidence that has been materialized is shallow at best. A few best guesses from long decayed corpses by people of questionable reliability and assumptions based on the fact she was the result of incest. They ignore the coins that portray her as normal looking as well as other versions of her face portrayed in stone. It is a flawed theory with little backing, yet my history and archaeology teachers in high school tried to present it as irrefutable fact.
I thought she looked pretty grim on those stones. Perhaps her attractiveness was due to to her being so powerful and them having different ideals of beauty at that time (i.e. prominent features denoting aristocracy.)
Plutarch said she looked average, normal, nothing special but it was her charm that won Caesar and MA.
Hmmmmm seems someone knows she was an Egyptian oh and was black let's not forget it is hot out their in Egypt for a European compared to an African well who can withstand the sun oh and doesn't have lice well actually that's any black person lol no offence just facts if me a black man and a white man was to walk in an desert who would last the longest
Kleopatra wasn’t black nor Egyptian. Shut up uncharted 7.
I doubt that Cesar wanted a beautiful wife more than a powerful wife. Cleopatra was probably normal-looking, but she was powerful.
Pardon me.
*Adjusts tie and tucks shirt in*
To which you are saying
*Files for tax return*
Implies that
*Sniffs cocaine*
Our ancestors were of royal lineage?
WE
Phuck Joogle WAZ
KANGZ AND SHIEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEET
pokezee king-wolf May we never run out of confused spastic fuks to make fun of.
WE WERE KINGS!
happy_white_family.jpg
The images you use to illustrate your video/s are stunningly beautiful.
This is how you to a promotional video. It was a fascinating talk and the images from the game fitted well, whilst making me curious about it. Excellent.
So Cleopatra was of Greek descendency... interesting.
merry sol Invictus.
You meant *Io Saturnalia* happy saturnalian festival... or a happy Yul festival, depending where you come from
thanks for the correction.
it is a joke for those who know about the history of the date of 25th of December
Sol Invictus never struck me as all that merry. Did he ever turn water into wine when the party guests had drunk up all the booze? No. No, he did not. He was probably mad 'cause no one brought him myrrh for his birthday.
Awesome graphics, super commentary.
Very well done. Great artwork
Cleopatra was of greek origin, as were many people in Alexandria. Hollywood show them as black people, when they were greeks.
They don’t show them as black people or Greeks they show them as white people only. They were in Africa so they were going to be somewhat brown because the sun and the heat. But still, Liz Taylor is a white woman she isn’t Greek she isn’t brown and she definitely shouldn’t have played Cleopatra.
Most Macedonians of noble birth were described as having blonde hair and blue eyes.
Michael F Philip II and Alexander weren't like that... Most of those with blond hair and blue eyes had foreign mothers from Thracia and Illyria
Olympius, Alexander's mother, was from Epirus. Alexander was well-documented as having curly blonde hair and blue eyes. Dark features were sufficiently uncommon that when someone was dark haired, note was made of it, as in Cletius "the Black". Cletius was, however, NOT noble, his mother was Alexander's wet nurse.
As the video showed,only a small amount of the population was Greek
i like how he only uses photos from ac origins
That was amazingly interesting, and the art is stunning
Very good video sir,thank you.
Wait Egypt expanded all the way to thrace?
"Egypt"
I think is the other way around thrace expanded all the way to Egypt at least the rulers were from that general area
4:13
HE WAS A CONSUL OF ROME!
You make awesome videos! Great music selection too!
We need more on Ptolemiac Egypt generally, this is nice.