Eocene I - Clockwise Rotation w/ Basil Tikoff
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- Опубліковано 21 лип 2024
- Nick Zentner | December 12, 2021.
Crazy Eocene A to Z livestream series! Episode I: Clockwise Rotation w/ Basil Tikoff
Time Stamps below:
00:00 Video Starts
9:45 Lecture Starts
10:22 Outline
12:01 Clockwise Rotation in WA
17:02 Yakima Fold and Thrust Belt
24:16 Western WA Reverse Faults
26:44 Siletzia Basalt Horseshoe Shape
29:56 Old and New Cascades
32:26 Old Model for the Cascades
33:34 New Model for the Cascades
36:47 Basil Tikoff
39:18 How far back does the rotation go?
42:58 Laurentia
43:56 North America Craton vs Accretions
44:35 Blue Mountains Rotation
46:10 North America - West Coast Rotation
52:24 What caused the rotation?
57:38 Where is the pivot point?
1:02:20 What's driving the rotations?
1:05:13 Can the older rotation say something about what the plates were doing offshore?
1:11:28 Q&A
1:30:18 Toast and Goodbye
Basil Tikoff knocked it out of the park! Such thought provoking info. Please have him on again sometime.
Prof. Nick: Individual faults and such don't excite me. I'm about the big picture.
Dr. Basil: Hold my Brats! 😏
All of the tie-ins in this episode are epic!!! I've already watched it three times. 👍🏽😁🤩
I had to read it three times to garner the essence of the concepts. Ilookforward to Basil coming back in the winter of 22-23 !
The history of the western portions of North America is such a fascinating area of study. Nick and his guests are doing a fabulous job of taking "old" facts, combining them with new facts, and telling the story of what we we know, what we can somewhat depend on, and what we can just speculate on.
This is what geology really is, at its best. Trying to solve a four-dimensional jigsaw puzzle when you don't get to see most of the pieces. And having fun doing it! Thank you, Nick and Basil - mindblowing stuff today!
Jim Cornwall - “four dimensional jigsaw puzzle”……good one! 😎
Mind blown!!! Yet again, and even bigger than last time!
Stunning. What an incredible time for Geology - new data provides new answers to old questions and provokes many more new questions for the future.
So impressed at the ease with which Basil Tikoff was able to walk us through the discoveries of Paleomag and the fresh understanding of how things have been rotating (or not rotating) and moving over the last 100 million years and beyond. Scientific understanding is being refined (even rewritten) before our very eyes. As I said after a previous video, this series isn't so much teaching us the "facts" of Geology rather the "science" of Geology. It's incredible and a testament to Nick's ability to bring out the stories and the story-tellers and the Scientists ability to communicate the narrative in such a clear fashion.
As this rate, half the USGS will be on the phone to Nick next year looking to book a session with us!
P.S. If, in the future, I refer to Basil Tikoff as "Basil Faulty" I must assure you it's a term of deep respect!
As a child of the Cascades, after many years of wrapping my head around the subject starting with exposure to Fred Beckey's descriptions, Basil has just explained the WHY of it all in beautifully clear terms. Between he and Hildebrandt, the greater spatial relationships in play *finally* align in my visually-centric mind's eye. While I'm eternally grateful for the last few years of continuing education Prof. Z, THIS lecture has finally placed the last pieces of the BIG puzzle. All hail the lunatic fringe.
Wow! These just keep getting better! Basil is so knowledgeable and interesting. It's really awesome that he donated his time to support our learning twice now. Hope he comes back sometime.
As always, your story telling always makes the geology more memorable and fun, Nick. Thank you.
Basil...Takin' names and blowin' minds. Again! lol Thanks, Nick. Thanks, Basil.
Wow, so much information between sessions H and I ! It did like foomp in my mind, my thoughts are rotating in a whirl of questions... I need to watch the replays and I hope the fireworks will be my understanding of it all. Thank you Nick, I like it that you always give us something new to learn, thanks to your guests for sharing their knowledge so generously.
That was an amazing stream! My head is swimming! I can even picture how the Basin and Range of Nevada were formed! Sitting here on a Sunday learning what a way to spend the day.
Read most of my Roadside Geology of Montana and am totally amazed.
You can probably freeze those cinnamon rolls and warm them up as you want.
Time Stamps:
00:00 Video Starts
9:45 Lecture Starts
10:22 Outline
12:01 Clockwise Rotation in WA
17:02 Yakima Fold and Thrust Belt
24:16 Western WA Reverse Faults
26:44 Siletzia Basalt Horseshoe Shape
29:56 Old and New Cascades
32:26 Old Model for the Cascades
33:34 New Model for the Cascades
36:47 Basil Tikoff
39:18 How far back does the rotation go?
42:58 Laurentia
43:56 North America Craton vs Accretions
44:35 Blue Mountains Rotation
46:10 North America - West Coast Rotation
52:24 What caused the rotation?
57:38 Where is the pivot point?
1:02:20 What's driving the rotations?
1:05:13 Can the older rotation say something about what the plates were doing offshore?
1:11:28 Q&A
1:30:18 Toast and Goodbye
I continue to be grateful for your time, awakenedsediment. Thank you!
Thank you, so many questions answered. Weak points do not just disappear and every action has to have an equal and opposite reaction. Just two key points of many, love it.
Thank you Nick and Basil!
Fantastic lectures, can't understand why utub has not put adds on this.
I REALLY want a love button! Seriously, I had to watch this one 4 times before it started clicking enough for me to say "Oh! I maybe am getting it!!" I might have to go through it a few more times because there's a shipload of information! Mind expansion x 100! Thank you both so very much!
That’s why I like watching your geology class. In the end all this polarizing stuff doesn’t make Any kind of difference. Mother Earth will keep moving forward.
A lot of land surveyors in Western Washington use NAD 83/91 State Plane Coordinates as an epoch for doing some surveys. Till now, we've assumed that in a local survey we could constrain one location and everything is moving in the same direction. I've noticed that over the decades that these plate rotations are beginning to cause problems while using those techniques and assumptions.
I was not able to attend the live lecture (unfortunately), but I am wondering if I am on the right track here. Watching this is giving me a more clear understanding of what is going on seismically TODAY throughout the entire west west coast. This year in particular has been an active year with many notable earthquakes in not so typical locations all along the coast and into Idaho. It's like we have living proof of everything Mr. Tikoff is talking about here. Thank you Nick and Basil you guys ROCK and ROLL!
Great class - my brain is smoking! Thank you, Nick and Basil!
Amazing amazing. And thank you for those wonderful ending comments, just lovely, and kind, thoughtful and positive. Cheers.
wow oh wow, this was just stunning evidence. I loved this segment. I am far behind, but catching up, this just was the best My thanks to you both for teaching us this important information. oh man the cinnimon rolls from Vindmans that was so cool
I was at club member's house cutting rocks when you came on this morning. Brazilian agates mostly.
What a sweet treat! I am crying now, the cinnamon rolls!
We of the Lunatic Fringe always welcome Basil.
OMG I had a ausi prof tell me that AU was attached to the us at some point .. couldn't see it till now, thanks!
Another great session. Basil sure helps to pull things together to see the big picture!
This was an amazing lesson. Even Nick seemed impressed. These are potentially answers to a lot of questions regarding clockwise rotation.
Thanks for doing these. I'm almost a year behind, but catching up.
So great to see Jeff's face! Thanks so much for uploading those papers. Ray Wells's paper was most informative. As for 'Polarization", the problem extends into our (USA's) foreign policy.
Keep saying it from the heart brother!
Thank you, Nick and Basil
Since watching your Geo 101 class last spring (which, given the lockdown etc seems like Deep Time), I would look at those thrust fault lines and wonder why they were in different directions. Now, thanks to Drs Wells, Tikoff, and yourself, the answer is provided. And the answer is so fascinating! Perhaps someone will develop a cartoon showing this twirling and rotating of the western states. How amazing. Thank you for loving to teach. I love to learn!
GREAT Show, really enjoyed that!
Thank you Basil , always interesting!
This answered so many of my questions. I feel blessed to have fond you several years ago. THANKS!
Thank you teacher Nick!
Have to watch this again and see if my mind can comprehend what's said.
@21:05 Bob gave you a gem to chase- The source moving the Siletz Terrane North-NW- The SAF, or, if you want specifics for the energy source, the EPR which is moving the SoCal Terranes along the SAF, past the Mendocino TJ and into Siletzia.
The EPR energy is your hand pushing Siletzia from the bottom on your NW Rotation tool. The energy is not from the JDF subduction, as the JDF isn’t conveying in a NE bearing as you keep repeating, it’s opposite of the Pacific plate WNW conveyance, therefore the JDF is conveying ESE as its Transform Faults clearly indicate and therefore can’t be a player in the NW Rotation.
Besides the JDF TF evidence, there’s the Franciscan Terrane (SAF Western margin) remnants which has blue schist exposures at, and was quarried for the South Jetty in Bandon, OR., 190 miles due North of Cape Mendocino, and on the Southern margin of the Siletz Terrane. Irrefutable evidence that there’s an EPR Terrane train.
Thank you Nick! 👍
Greetings from Lethbridge, AB. Sound much better today (no buffering)
Ur right Nick, Basil did it again. This sh#$ is great
Basil Tikoff is AMAZING!!
Absolutely killer lecture Nick! You are getting damn good at usefully integrating the technology into the lecture. I have to say, as a scientist (biochemist), your lecture skills are par excellence.
A truly incredible series! Thanks for putting this all together.
Very cool show Nick. Thanks very much Basil. I had to leave early, so no questions but was amazed to learn that Orofino is the real center around which the Northwest revolves. GO MANIACS!!
Wonderful, Love this stuff, Thanks Nick and Basil…..👏👏👏
Great job! Can't say it enough! Wish I would have known about you fresh out of high school. Or just out of the Army
Thanks to both of you. Really interesting, gained greater understanding for sure.
I just clicked on Eocene G accidently and in a week views are over 9,000. So I checked others and many are over 14,000 Views!!
Amazing--so much information! Thank you Basil, thank you Nick. Stupendous series.
You have made all my data useless. I must go find pdfs to support this!
I must say that out of all the lower forty eight states and thanks to you professor, I know more about the Northwest
Pacific states geology than any place else. That's good, because the other states look rather boring comparatively speaking!
He probably saw this as a needed break from mundane school busy work.
Phenomenal episode. Thank you Basil.
Awesome talk guys!! Thanks!
Those Diagrams Basil shared are awesome! Where are they? Can we get our hands on them? LOL
Few ideas on why tectonic plates might shift. 1. New seafloor, the mid Atlantic ridge. 2. Wind hitting mountains, jet stream, sailboat effect 3. Tides, the sun and/or moon somehow doing it. 4 waves hitting beaches. 5 earth mantle shifting slowly along with the core. I realize some of these ideas are laughable, but 1 million years of wind, tides and wave adds up to a huge amount of force.
.. Plates shifting, good to consider many ideas. I always thought it's heat from earth rising in different wanders and curves, and continent bottoms got bumps and ledges so catch more of rising currents in different areas like subsurface sails... Like a lava lamp, no series of blobs go same way the heat flow seems to wander from one side to jump to next... When considering other ideas consider scale, air is 5000th as dense as air and 30km is 20th of earth radiu but I admit it is moving fast 20mph not .0000002mph mantle movement, so complex ha... Have read shrunk to size of billiard ball all the mountains and ocean trenches are less than the tiny bumps and scratches on a billiard ball, which is crazy idea, but mountains are really 6km mountain on 6000km radius earth so 1/1000. So a ream of paper with 500sheets, now cut in half the top sheet, one couldnt really notice that 1 side is taller than other side... I do think heat controls geology mostly, geologists should say this clearly, random heat curves change over million years how land moves and rises, , , or who knows haha
Ah, the Butterfly Affect at its finest.
Great lesson! Basil said "...the YHS is moving 2x as fast as it should be....." 2x plate motion. Does this mean the YHS is not a stationary plume? So much for all the geology I learned in grade and high school in the 60's! Paleomag seems to be the key. 1 more thought; all this North movement stops due to the superior mass of the NAC above the Canadian border and slides Northwest?
.. rotation doesn't slide NW, like a car crunch the Yakima fold belt is thickening and rising to absorb the mass of rock moving north. Like a train crash w traincars jackknifing in a taller heap. ..... I do guess Basils old 90ma had some sliding. Not sure Basils stuff was "sliding", it was thick Crayon chunks scraping along a fault with the area growing being huge mountains inland in MT and CO like a Himalayas crunch....
@@amyself6678 I was thinking more of the Yakatat sliding North, not so much the rotation. I mean after all it has to follow the direction the underlying plate is moving.
@@Poppageno .. hmm, most Large Igneous Provinces made at sea slide under any mainland they meet or stop way offshore the 2 usual options. Siletzia was weird and touched and rose above water, even though it's heavy basalt so should subside like Midway Island use to be big as Hawaii buts subsided...
Yakatat is sliding under Alaska no problem ... In the 60s did they tech plate tectonics at all?
Much of what Basil spoke about is in a new paper under review, so it is cutting edge research. Much of what happened 50 m.a. is happening now, as LIP's and volcanic margins push against Australia, it is an ideal laboratory to try and understand what lies below this thin crust we live on.
@@Poppageno Yep, just like the Salinian Terrane @San Andreas.
Thank you so much!! I saw your videos years ago and totally understand with “common sense “!!! So keep up the good work and any time my 2004 high school graduate from Roseburg High School in Oregon; I understand how the earth works with your help and everything makes sense I say ! I do my best to invent and build ideas too so if you want something made let me know:)
You’re on a roll!
Great work as always nick, thanks man, is it possible at some point to talk about the current siesmic activity off the coast? Not sure if it's anything worth putting time into, weve got 53 volcanos erupting or very active as well, maybe go into a few of these big blasts like semeru in java, I know these aren't in the pnw but maybe a little food for thought 🤔
Mind blowing! Finally got to catch up watching!
My mind seems stuck on YHS moving 2 times faster. Is it NA moving 2 times faster?
I had to watch this in segments. Fabulous brain expansion trying to grasp North America expansion. 🤯
It’s not time to make wholesale changes to the long-standing Mantle Plume theory, there still is no exclusive evidence pointing to moving plumes; variations could only be assumed to be inline, since there’s no evidence away from the track, or it wouldn’t be a track. These recent findings bring fundamental questions to the forefront. Mine are:
Is the B&R extension being considered with the gross velocity?
Is the B&R extension velocity constant?
Do we really know that the NA plate has a constant velocity?
Is the NA plate rotating or not?
Ella Mae Morse's hit song "Mr. Five By Five" with Freddie Slack's Band was released today 1942
Whittier-Elsinore (part of San Andreas system) was a . normal fault reactivated as strike slip It has just been found to be longer so hazard moved from 6.8 to7.5 to 7.85
Mind boggling.
32:00 instant reaction: 250MYA the plume of hot rising magma emerged from under the Alberta part of the Canadian Shield and met a thinner crust that it was able to break and upthrust. The bit of magma that created the foothills would also have flowed into where the Pacific Scablands are today. As the same upflow moved west it flowed under that thinner crust it broke it where the old ridge is. They would have been a smaller version of the east side of the Rockies. The hotspot moved west until it came out from under the North American Crust, that is when the outflow from the crack overflowed the last bit of older crust with material that is found in the newer mountain ranges only, Basalt. 75% of the eastward moving Oceanic Crust when under the NA crust, it was able to uplift the already fractured crust into what is now the younger range of mountains. The ridge the Snake River flows across was formed that long ago, when the land was at sea level, the Continental Crust is now 2,000 ft higher in western Alberta, that is how you split a rock that is 'large' . That is from material flowing under the crust cooling off and becoming part of the material that is floating on magma that is equal to being liquid diamond in density. That magma is also the same material that rises at the rifts as the lightest material is material from the crust that was remelted and take down and across hotter magma to where it rises under the Pacific Rift. The Atlantic Rift acts the same way, 3BYA they were both under a line between Hudson Bay and the GOM. The west grew faster as the Appalachian Mountains inhibited the land being created when looking east. BC was created east of the rift while west of the rift (1,000km)all the land going to China (4,000km) was created as there were no restriction to it expanding.
The pivot part is going to get 'complicated'. The Basalt overflow is when the black line in this pic passed under that part of the Continental Crust, since that part of the crust is associated with the Canadian Shield the location of the split can be dated on both sides of the rift. The split of the crust might mean on the far side of the Pacific you will find the place where two places broke apart. The western Rockies in BC/AB had the crust being broken, that would have been crust that was eventually lifted and pushed to the east. The far side of the Pacific has a ridge that sees uplifting on the east and spreading on the west side. If that connection exists then the Pangea story needs a rewrite co the crust 4BYA was Pangea as a single body without any cracks until and incoming body created the Hudson Bay and the GOM. That is where I will pick this up, assuming common places can be found on both sides of the Pacific. Here is a vid to watch until I sort this into something worth posting.
ua-cam.com/video/R874dS_ZtQw/v-deo.html
Dennis McCarthy on Flora and Fauna and the Expanding Earth
16 my for the younger rotation? This seems like the expansion is at the right place at the right time for the Columbia river basalt episode. Was this the initiator?
.. yeah 16my rotation matches CRBs, is simple MASS enough, you start in S Oregon and gush 10km of lava hills onto 20km crust it wants to spread out by sliding or tipping N so compresses the crust just to north, , , , and this starts a pressure wave? Nah, feels wrong... Rotation is most west of there... Maybe underground the CRBs lavas pooled and melted underneath to make it thin so freed up west OR to rotate if you get my drift, so ok maybe they R tied?
1:29:50 Idk why every geologist I've read claims JDF NE migration; perhaps they want a simple explanation for the NW rotation, or don't like oblique subduction. Per the Explorer-JDF and JDF-Gorda Transform Faults, the offshore JDF plate migration is SE; Google Earth shows it clear as day.
IMHO, since the Transform Faults adjacent to the Sierra Block are simply passive borders, they have no inherent energy, and thus cannot move adjacent plates, or anything else. The Sierra Block is being transported, but by the Terranes to the South, and those Terranes are being transported by the East Pacific Rise-Pacific Plate offsets in the Gulf of California. Mantle upwelling is not passive, along with the mantle flow, they can move continents. This Southern Pacific Terrane train is connected North to Siletzia, that is what is driving the NW Rotation.
IMHO so far, the JDF Plate is not only subducting under NA, but double subducted under a Lithospheric EPR-PP Terrane from the South. This accounts for the absence of JDF SE motive interference with Siletzia, and the presence of the NW transport/rotation of Siletzia.
So, old rotation from Insular hit and push N, and new from PacificPlatePushingSanAndreasareaNW PLUS ALSO Basin and Range S NV push (prob from spreading ridge in Gulf of Cali upwelling heat midcontinent) pushing NW into SierraNevada which indirectly pushes Coast and Cascades North. ?
Great Content!! Daddy done well
Basil ❤❤❤❤
Still catching up
I wondered if the accretion of Insular had created clockwise rotation since it was 'cold' when it accreted (which would make it tougher) vs Siletzia accreting warm (not as tough)- so it makes sense a being a 'firework' from Insular. Fits the timeframe for that. I am surprised that the 'old' rotation stopped 5 M years after Siletzia accreted and then new rotation started only 18 M years ago. It does confuse me though.... Does that mean that the 50 degrees Siletzia rotation actually occurred within 23 M years of total actual rotation? I'm also amazed about the Yellowstone hotspot moving twice a fast as expected- that's wild! :)
I have read most Oregon rotation is post15ma. . . Insular hit was mass maybe 20x bigger than Siletzia, like India making Himalayas, , ,. I do think Siletzia as part of ocean plate with maybe some mini pre Siletzia islands on it too was gentler hit maybe series of Lil island hits, but Insular was a CliffLike mini continent so a shocking hit that maybe hit so hard it cracks faults like Lewis and Clark... Yes wild ass guess, ha.
Dear Nick,
I have been with you since the beginning of your show in your back yard. I have seen you gradually mature technically into this new twin screen format with visiting professionals. I really enjoy your presentations. Please keep growing. I hope you will keep you down to earth home spun manner of presentation. Look forward to learning all about the Pacific North West and Baja - BC. If I am ever in your part of Washington, I will have to stop and get something tasty from Vinmen’s. Keep up the good work.
I forgot to say thanks for the Ferris Bueller reference at the beginning today and The Electric Company a few sessions back...
*TIP* when Basil is illustrating tectonic movements with his hands and arms, they are reversed horizontally from his maps.
Is it going to keep going until it shapes the entire area into a snail shell-like spiral?
edit
Sadly not it appears.
Basil rules!
So is the big northward bend in the Columbia River from Portland to the mouth a part of clockwise rotation ?
Is the rock in the door Sedimentary? Piece of Mt Stuart?
I kicked it, but didn’t identify. Bet Nick knows!
Hopefully the polarization will lead to a fruitful synthesis of the ideas.
We like clockwise rotation because it can be proven. No doubt, no theory, just proof.
50:30, Doesn’t this hypothesis rest upon a constant continental drift rate? What happens to the hypothesis with drift rate variations?
Is it coincidence that the W. Washington reverse faults are at the same NW-SE trend as the JDF transform faults?
lovely looking baked goods
I drove 60000 miles throughout the Rockies last year there are obvious things.
A snow plow rather than a car hits the running deer!
But a deer doesn't leave a dent in a good snowplow blade...
"Myrl Back A to Z" 🤣🤣🤣
What did Basil's findings do to the Olympic-Wallowa and Klamath-Blue Mtn. Lineament observations?
Nick must really like cake!
Rotation…. Coriolis??
Clockwise = clock wise. They followed the path of the sun. East to West. The ancients sho gave us measurements and time tracked the sun on this beautiful flat earth. Look at the watch on your hand, this is exactly the sun and moon rotating clockwise around the earth.
Was clockwise from sun dial shadow in Europe ? Did any country go the other way ha??... North was often on top of maps since Alps south of mapmakers in France and Germany should go up high... Or East was on top cause Garden of Eden remured to be east which we descended from should go above us... Most ancient map readers didn't think about a globe, just valleys and hills . . . Sorry for side issue, ha.
I love ya Nick no need to reply to me!
Again late. Basil Tikof. Who can argue with the guy.
The problem with getting away from the polarizing fringe is that you eliminate the good and the bad equally, and are only left with the boring, mushy middle part.
I guess I am more silly than you guys Ha.
I was going to leave this as it stands, going further would get into the Pangaea theory. To do that, I would have to explain my version. It is a bit complicated because there are so many parts rather than any one part is extremely hard to understand.
Pangea as it stands has a few errors, there is a large Pacific Ocean when none should exist. The Basalt outflow on WA is when the black line came out from under the North American Continental Crust. The other side of the Basalt would be the same distance across from the black line as there is from the line to the WA coast. The fracture has the trench-line just west of Japan as the line that broke away from the NA crust. Move the upper part to the east side of BC and it should line up with the upthrust slabs that are the eastern border of . 200MYA the black line emerged from under the Alberta part of the Canadian Shield. The crust bulged and then it broke. The ridge going south met a crust that had been strengthened, just like the Canadian Shield was when the black line moved from the east side of Hudson Bay to Alberta.
The GOM was created the same time as Hudson Bay. Greenland and Baffin Island can be used to show how deep the ‘Pangaea Crust’ was 4BYA. The two bodies that created the holes we see today were ‘soft’ and ‘core like’ in density, they continued sinking while the debris with them was light enough to rise back up and be made part of the crust that is now called ‘the Oceanic Crust’.
4BYA the size of the earth was 50% of what it is today. Today it is 1/3 core and 2/3 mantle, back then it was 2/3 core and 1/3 mantle. The spin rate of the core has not changed, the circumference of the outer crust is what determines the length of a day/night cycle. 24 hours today, 12 hours back them.
2BY in a state where it acts as a centrifuge as far as density variations create many layers in the ‘liquid crust’. The crust would have been as smooth as a polished ball of glass that was shedding the internal heat at a rate that created no waves on the surface.
The wave that would have been around would be a tidal bulge in the molten rock before it cooled to become the ‘Pangaea Crust’. 3.5BYA the moon began to get closer to the earth due to gravity. 4.0BYA the molten core erupted from the moon's surface and continued to the earth where if it landed with a ‘plop’. The ‘dumbbell’ shape would have been the size of the hole known as Hudson Bay. That cause the cracks that later spread out about 250MYA. That breakout would have gone along the Mississippi River Valley to the GOM in an event that took no longer than ‘a week’. Hudson Bay has a 2nd hit that would be from the same impact you can see in a high-speed drop of milk. The initial hit sends a small drop back up, it comes down as the 2nd hit. South end of the Bay is where that is, the north has the biggest cracks . For the GOM the fracture is from the north to the south-east and north-west. Malaysia would be land attached to Mexico that was fracture 4MYA and began moving to the west 200MYA
Pangaea would have been featureless 4BYA, 3.5BYA the bumps from the impact were over, now the uplift of magma that is now in the Pacific starts moving west from the west side of Hudson Bay to the west side of the GOM. It takes 3.3BY to reach where the Rockies are, It moves faster as fractures offer less resistance than pushing magma up tiny cracks in the cracked crust. The force in the Atlantic sees higher mountains and less lateral movement compared to the Pacific.
What is not covered anywhere in that material going under the NA crust does not sink back into the magma, the NS crust is lifted upwards as a single block.
The magma at the boundary layer is the height where all crust was made, the Oceanic crust has slid under all of ‘Pangaea’ and lifter the pieced upwards. There was no water on earth 4BYA due to the heat, 200MYA all the water was on a smooth world, the depth was about 15 km, if it was still smooth it would still be 10 km deep. The hole the Oceanic Crust created allowed the water to drain off the high places. When you find seashell at the top of mountains, the land was underwater before the water drained away while the land was also being lifted ever higher.
This actually a pretty good place to stop as it gives you something to think about over the holidays and the rest can be posted later.
I see what your trying to present, but that doesn't explain Goat Rocks east of Adams and St. Helens or Fife Peak east of Rainer or Mt. Axe east of Rainer. All older volcanoes.??
1:31:04 No complaints here. I'm just as sick of the ideological extremism as you are and have been for at least the last 20 years. And it just ramps up every time parties switch majorities or who occupies the WH. Life is 'way too short for this crap when there's so much to learn, so much that needs doing. All this time spent griping and throwing spitballs leaves little time for much else. I'm not playin'. Get a life or get outta the way; and you know who you are.
Prof. Nick: Individual faults and such don't excite me. I'm about the big picture.
Dr. Basil: Hold my beer! 😏
All of the tie-ins in this episode are epic!!! I've already watched it three times. 👍🏽😁🤩