How to Ride a Penny Farthing or Highwheel bicycle, by www.pennyfarthingdan.com.au

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  • Опубліковано 5 січ 2025

КОМЕНТАРІ • 150

  • @MarkoVukovic0
    @MarkoVukovic0 Рік тому +5

    A beautiful machine, Dan. I rode a vintage one that belonged to a bicycle shop I worked at 20 years or so ago. I used to ride it around the shopping mall on weekends, people were fascinated by it!

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  Рік тому +1

      @MarkoVukovic0 that’s great Marko! They give a lot of people some wonderful joy.

    • @MarkoVukovic0
      @MarkoVukovic0 Рік тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan I'm already devising a plan to budget for one of your fine creations!

  • @bicyclist2
    @bicyclist2 3 роки тому +18

    I hope to get the chance to ride one some day. This looked easy. Thanks.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  3 роки тому +4

      It’s a lot of fun and it is easy as long as your fitted nicely to the bike. Too big or too small is difficult or a race bike is difficult compared to a touring or casual street version.

  • @ryoung1379
    @ryoung1379 4 роки тому +5

    Wow! Thanks for the clear instruction! Just purchased a '84 Columbia Expert and I'm trying to get comfortable on it. The emergency dismount demonstration is invaluable and will definitely boost my confidence.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому +1

      Robert Young thank you, it can be a challenge when you have old bike to learn on as you need time to see how well you fit up to it. You’ll be okay, take you time and enjoy the learning process. Once you can scoot along efficiently and balance, the rest is a lot easier.

  • @C4ACT_E
    @C4ACT_E 10 місяців тому +1

    Hi Dan, glad to see you! I have a creative experimental idea for you, why don't you create a penny-farthing, but so that the front wheel is only the leading one, and the steering wheel is made small by using cables, as is done on modern cargo bicycles. The front wheel will be the leading one, but it is fixed with the help of additional horizontal feathers, completing a full-fledged dropout. Moreover, I suggest that instead of a simple bushing, put a 3-step planetary one so that you can at least rest and not pedal all the time. And that in the dry balance, we will get a comfortable, safe bike, but at the same time with the advantage and feeling of a penny-farthing, a sense of flight and freedom.

  • @joeballzee2767
    @joeballzee2767 3 роки тому +1

    I bet the ladies were impressed with this form of transportation back in the day.

  • @shopsshire9282
    @shopsshire9282 3 роки тому +1

    I was on one of these at the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. Of course, it was between two blocks in place and stable and you had stairs to get on it.

  • @SharpByCoop
    @SharpByCoop 4 роки тому +4

    Thank you Dan. You taught the essentials and more. I am awaiting my custom RBR 48" model here in the USA, and I REALLY look forward to the challenge and FUN. This video took me to your website. I loved all your models, the CLEAR photography, and your foldable model. Whew! I will reach out as I add or upgrade. FIRST I have to put in my miles... (Kilo's!)

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому +1

      Thank you for the feedback, that’s great to hear. Supporting new riders is important to me so we have a supportive and encouraging transition into a new sport. Photography is not easy for me and I struggle to really capture decent photos but slowly improving.

  • @jacksdaddy13
    @jacksdaddy13 6 років тому +8

    Great vid, beautiful bike. I’d love to have a try of one of these one day!

    • @danbolwell9647
      @danbolwell9647 6 років тому +1

      jacksdaddy13 thank you. Feel free to check out the website, Facebook or Instagram. I organise regular events for my customers all over the world.

    • @jacksdaddy13
      @jacksdaddy13 6 років тому +1

      Dan Bolwell Great, will do, I’ll keep an eye out for you next time you are in Wellington, NZ

    • @kerripapstein8093
      @kerripapstein8093 5 років тому +1

      @@danbolwell9647 I just acquired a high wheeler but I cannot identify what year it is or if it's all original or not.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      Kerri Papstein Hi, that’s a common problem, sometimes it’s hard to identify the maker. Usually it’s pretty easy to work out roughly the approx year though. It’s most likely some sort of original work as there is almost no true copies of specific make and models.

  • @lemuelcruz247
    @lemuelcruz247 4 роки тому +1

    I appreciate it that you embarked and disembarked several times :)

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      Thank you, if you follow a process it’s just like any bike with a few little individual characteristics. 😊

  • @SunnyDDs
    @SunnyDDs Рік тому +1

    Watching this after learning the name of this bike. Watching the whole video with no intentions to ever ride one 😂

  • @nigellacey559
    @nigellacey559 3 роки тому +1

    This is the best tuition video on here

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  3 роки тому

      Thank you, it’s important for me to back up and support my customers so they have a great experience. It’s a bit organic and needs an update but the system is the main thing.

    • @nigellacey559
      @nigellacey559 3 роки тому

      No, listen, without doubt the clearest video out there.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  3 роки тому

      Thanks Nigel

    • @nigellacey559
      @nigellacey559 3 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan the information about jumping off in an emergency is invaluable

  • @patxile.361
    @patxile.361 Рік тому

    gracias por la explicacion , me ha ayudado mucho para poder subir a mi Velocipedo, THANK YOU VERY MUCH

  • @hcurtis77
    @hcurtis77 3 роки тому +2

    Great video! Thanks. I'll be trying it out very soon.

  • @scottwheeler1641
    @scottwheeler1641 5 років тому +1

    Wow thanks for the fun video. I would love to have a go on one. Maybe with velcro shoes!

    • @scottwheeler1641
      @scottwheeler1641 5 років тому

      Its very hilly where I live in Cornwall England. I dont think I have ever seen one on the roads

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      Hi Scott, any shoes are okay as long as they aren’t loose and floppy laces. We ride through the hills a lot, up to 15% is fine on normal long distance tours, then we have done a 22% challenge at an enemy which was fun!

  • @nuil501
    @nuil501 5 років тому +8

    Very interesting and didactical video !! I dream riding one penny farthing... Thanks Dan for sharing,

  • @michaelconley2896
    @michaelconley2896 5 років тому

    Are you able to do radial spokes? The mounting method you demonstrate is but one of two popular methods. The method you did not show, is when you position yourself to the left proper of the hi-wheel, place your right foot upon the foot step, and propel yourself forward with your left leg (like riding a scooter), and with sufficient momentum built up, you stand using your right leg on the foot step, and you catch the left proper pedal with your left foot, stepping onto it and elevating yourself over the saddle, and then sitting upon the saddle as you raise your right foot to meet the right proper pedal to begin pedaling.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      Hi Michael, yes I regularly do radially laced wheels and machined hubs at the customers request.

  • @leobsci
    @leobsci 3 роки тому +2

    Very nice. Thanks for sharing with us!

  • @GeneralSeptem
    @GeneralSeptem 2 роки тому +3

    I may never ride one, but I've always been curious how the hell people ever got on the thing. Thanks for the video!

    • @JohnDavis-yz9nq
      @JohnDavis-yz9nq 2 роки тому +1

      Me too Johnny. I am fascinated by them but have never been on one.

  • @charlesmorehouse276
    @charlesmorehouse276 5 років тому +1

    dude you are so good at making videos. you should upload more!

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      Charles Morehouse thanks Charles, I’ll try to do more when I get done spare time.

    • @charlesmorehouse276
      @charlesmorehouse276 5 років тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan ok nice!

  • @SupersnakeLivesTo100
    @SupersnakeLivesTo100 4 роки тому +4

    Very good instructional video. However, this and all the other Penny Farthing instructional videos I have viewed on UA-cam are not showing a beginner being taught how to use one in real time. To see and listen to an experienced rider and instructor is one thing. To actually see how challenging it is going to be for a beginner, along with any unfortunate possible falls is critical.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому +6

      Thank you, that is a very good comment, I will try to do one, over the years I have developed the process that means if it’s followed, it will be no problem. In the past I had a few issues that were lessons for me to teach better. I will try to film the actual teaching process with the next new rider.

    • @SupersnakeLivesTo100
      @SupersnakeLivesTo100 4 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan Thank you Dan. I look forward to viewing instruction with a new rider!

  • @jamesolinsky8750
    @jamesolinsky8750 3 роки тому +1

    Very helpful and inspiring video, thanks. I'm hoping in the near future to finally purchase a real bicycle. :)

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  3 роки тому +1

      Thank you James, I always try to help and encourage everyone. Feel free to check out my website for more information. pennyfarthingdan.com.au

    • @jamesolinsky8750
      @jamesolinsky8750 3 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan Will do!

  • @anschaulicherklart.tuncaya1606
    @anschaulicherklart.tuncaya1606 5 років тому +3

    Werry good 👍
    Where can I get big wheel cyclet?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      Tuncay Aktag go to www.pennyfarthingdan.com.au
      You can send me an email and make an order.

  • @itstherealbrace6424
    @itstherealbrace6424 Рік тому

    I frequently go to Victorian events, like a Renaissance Fair but for the 1890s, might buy a penny-farthing for the next one I go to, feel like I'd become rather popular

  • @p.a.ch.3861
    @p.a.ch.3861 2 роки тому

    excellent instructions. thanks many
    where could I buy one that would fit my size ?

  • @humphrey7079
    @humphrey7079 Рік тому +1

    I want to see somebody do tricks at the skate park on one of these

  • @thetedster7812
    @thetedster7812 4 роки тому +2

    This is a great video, lovely product too.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      TheTedster thank you. The video is here to help new riders and even experienced riders to help teach. There’s more on my website www.pennyfarthingdan.com.au and I share a lot of our riding adventures on Facebook and instagram.

  • @capjoartist1200
    @capjoartist1200 3 роки тому

    I love this bike very very much, congratulations with this wonderful video

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  3 роки тому

      Thank you John, there’s more info on my website, Instagram and Facebook. www.pennyfarthingdan.com.au

    • @capjoartist1200
      @capjoartist1200 3 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan You are welcome my friend, I wish you and your family a very good health and much happiness, much strength, much faith, much succes and much power
      The most respectful and very friendly greetings 🖖 of me, Johan Capiau

  • @zdravo4
    @zdravo4 3 роки тому +1

    WOW thats crazy. I would like at least once in a life to ride bike like that

  • @I.Alfred.Williams
    @I.Alfred.Williams Рік тому

    What a splendid velocipede!

  • @kathyoneill4011
    @kathyoneill4011 Рік тому +1

    Excellent teaching

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  Рік тому

      Thank you, I teach a lot of people and want to make sure they are safe and knowledgeable as they learn this new skill.

    • @kathyoneill4011
      @kathyoneill4011 Рік тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan I have seen other videos but this one is the best. You clearly go through all the details 👍

  • @syazrain4656
    @syazrain4656 Рік тому +1

    where can i get this fr? Anybody pls....

  • @andyszark5986
    @andyszark5986 4 роки тому +3

    Where the hell do i get one.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому +2

      Andy Szark Hi Andy, go to www.pennyfarthingdan.com.au

  • @JohnDavis-yz9nq
    @JohnDavis-yz9nq 2 роки тому

    How fast will these go mph? Looks like a person could go faster will a lot less work than riding a regular bicycle. Is that the advantage of having one?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  2 роки тому

      The top riders will get up to 38mph on the pedals and on a high speed downhill lying down over the bike in a tucked position we can do up to 50mph. There is an advantage with marginally less mechanical loss overall but a disadvantage in general riding not being able to match the ideal cadence with the terrain. The biggest inhibitor of top speed for us is wind resistance which has a much greater effect with the large wheel.

    • @JohnDavis-yz9nq
      @JohnDavis-yz9nq 2 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan I guess it’s hard to put into words. If a person was going to ride 10 miles would it be less exhausting to ride this or a regular bicycle? What would be the normal speed going down the road like for pleasure riding. I am fascinated with these bicycles. I am thinking that hills or inclines would be a challenge for these big wheels. Very informative video by the way. I had no idea how people got on and off of them.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  2 роки тому

      @@JohnDavis-yz9nq a steady east cruising speed is about 10mph, when we ate in a group on long tours we sometimes sit in tight and ride at about 15mph just like a typical peloton. It’s only as hard as the effort you put in, typically because of varied conditions like undulations, wind, road surface etc overall it’s harder than a modern bike or more that it takes a bit longer at the equivalent input. If you look through my videos you’ll find I have one on doing downhill. I should do one on uphill riding as well when I get a chance.

    • @JohnDavis-yz9nq
      @JohnDavis-yz9nq 2 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan what are the benefits of riding one? I have never seen one in person. They are a very rare item. Also with your skills maybe you could reinvent it with maybe a chain drive. Sorry for the comment. It’s just that I am a thinker and I always think how can I make something better. Just wonder if anyone has thought about building something between this and a regular bicycle. Once again I think too much. I have seen pictures of the bid wheel tricycle.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  2 роки тому

      @@JohnDavis-yz9nq it’s not a bicycle to compare, it’s just a different interest, like the difference between road, MTB, cyclocross, BMX, its a stand alone type of cycling. There is many transitional designs, the only reason there is a large wheel is to maximise speed within the fixed drive design, chain or gearing drives mean there is no reason to have a large wheel, development of this design is the latest carbon road bike any blend in between is possible but it’s a different bicycle and different cycling interest.

  • @yourroyalhighness7662
    @yourroyalhighness7662 3 роки тому

    Excellent presentation!

  • @xeric1953
    @xeric1953 7 місяців тому

    I’d get one if they weren’t so expensive but i guess that’s the price of style 😎

  • @meloracing01
    @meloracing01 4 роки тому

    Hola soy de la República dominicana donde conaigo la rueda delantera

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      MELO RACING OFICIAL good work, hope you have a good time with it.

  • @davids8449
    @davids8449 4 роки тому

    What happens at the traffic lights, or roundabouts

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      Thanks for your question. Normal road rules apply, at traffic lights when the light is green we go and when it’s red we stop, at a roundabout, if it’s clear we ride through, if it isn’t we stop and give way.

  • @furukawa.studios
    @furukawa.studios 2 роки тому

    Is there a "Trike" version of a Penny Farthing?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  2 роки тому +1

      Yes, there there is many different style of trikes with large wheels, it is also only limited by your imagination.

  • @grimmer2005
    @grimmer2005 4 роки тому

    saddle is leaning too much backwards right? shouldnt it be horisontal?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      No, this is a genuine hammock saddle, suspended on a point at the front and rear, as the front narrows into the nose it is softer. A pan saddle or a modern bicycle saddle with different base and hardware requires a flatter position. My customers are comfortably doing up to 20,000 kilometres a year and on big days riding 250ks in 16hrs. The saddle and position is very comfortable.

    • @grimmer2005
      @grimmer2005 4 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan But wont you slip off the saddle if it leans so much backwards??

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      No, obviously not, as explained it is not a hard flat pan saddle, it is a soft hammock saddle so you sit down into it not on top of it like you would a hard solid surface.

  • @andrewsavin9596
    @andrewsavin9596 4 роки тому

    Hi, thank you for your tutorial. Please tell me what the size? 48?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому +1

      Andrew Savin that one is a 53”, it’s my touring and general riding bike, the one I use the most. I have a range of sizes on hand to lend to riders for events.

    • @andrewsavin9596
      @andrewsavin9596 4 роки тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan Thanks

  • @angeldanielmontanogonzalez2202
    @angeldanielmontanogonzalez2202 3 роки тому +1

    Donde puedo comprar una perros?

  • @sergioalv621
    @sergioalv621 2 роки тому

    How faster could it run?

  • @yvesbernier3086
    @yvesbernier3086 5 років тому +1

    Dan, what's the wheel size of the bike you are using in this video?

  • @TheABom1989
    @TheABom1989 2 роки тому

    Great vid mate

  • @gregbrandon1717
    @gregbrandon1717 2 роки тому

    Only looks like the coolest thing ever.

  • @thangknowa2567
    @thangknowa2567 3 роки тому +1

    I've been a cyclist both road and mountain bikes for years, but I would bust my azz on that penny farthing in a New York Minute! Thanks for showing how it's done!

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  3 роки тому +1

      It’s just a bike, like any bike, road, mtb, bmx, cyclocross etc, it’s only as hard as you make it.

  • @johancabreraa
    @johancabreraa 5 років тому +1

    I'm from australia where can buy this bike?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      Hi Jon, go to pennyfarthingdan.com.au or email me on dan1870pf@gmail.com

  • @FourthWayRanch
    @FourthWayRanch Рік тому

    Imagine riding with hard tires on dirt roads
    Truing that big wheel must be fun

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  Рік тому

      I imagine that would be rough, fortunately my bikes do not run hard tyres and are purpose designed semi-pneumatic tyres offered in a range of performance options to suit the riders needs. Truing wheels is a lot of fun, regardless of size the principles and techniques are the same. 😊

  • @davidlong6173
    @davidlong6173 7 місяців тому

    Good teaching video like it thank you

  • @lal5555f
    @lal5555f 5 років тому

    Do you sell a standard mustache bar? Do you sell a saddle like that?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      lal5555f Hello. Thanks for your interest, I don’t sell individual loose parts only complete bikes, everything is made in house and is an integrated design, as they were in the late 1800’s.

  • @ulhassawant7700
    @ulhassawant7700 3 роки тому

    Where its available? Haw much it is?

  • @petervick4775
    @petervick4775 5 років тому

    Very interesting. What about hills?

    • @danbolwell9647
      @danbolwell9647 5 років тому

      Peter Vick I’m not sure I understand your question, what would you like to know about hills?

    • @petervick4775
      @petervick4775 5 років тому

      @@danbolwell9647 Do you have any tips/techniques for riging up or down hills?

    • @danbolwell9647
      @danbolwell9647 5 років тому +2

      Peter Vick riding up hills you just pedal, it’s harder the faster you go, as for down hill, you can either pedal it out to your top speed or step down on the rear steps and let gravity take over. Many people don’t realise that all highwheels are very different, some are more suited different uses from hill climbing, racing, touring, manoeuvring or a balance between uses. The main thing is they are fitted to the rider correctly.

    • @petervick4775
      @petervick4775 5 років тому

      @@danbolwell9647 Thanks.

    • @danbolwell9647
      @danbolwell9647 5 років тому

      Peter Vick my pleasure, we do tours up to 1500 kilometres, they are a real riders bike and a lot of fun.

  • @cratecruncher6687
    @cratecruncher6687 3 роки тому +2

    One thing I think worth mention: the bike becomes increasingly more stable as that huge wheel begins turning faster just like a gyroscope. Angular momentum is your friend on a highwheel!

  • @APG-fu6gk
    @APG-fu6gk 4 роки тому

    Do you have a website? Do you sell retail? Where is your shop?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      APG 1219 hello, go to: www.pennyfarthingdan.com.au
      Yes I sell them to something like 20 countries. I’ve got very good systems in place to ensure smooth and easy delivery anywhere in the world directly to your front door.

  • @dennislferguson8625
    @dennislferguson8625 3 роки тому

    Super ride
    Thank You

  • @ServantOfOdin
    @ServantOfOdin 2 місяці тому

    Ok... and how do you stop at a red signal, or a cross-section? A place where you don't want to get off the penny farthing, but need to stop? I get it at a signal, you can grab the sign-post, but at a cross-section, that's not doable.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  2 місяці тому +2

      @@ServantOfOdin stopping is explained in this video. You never hold a sign post always stop and dismount in a safe position.

    • @ServantOfOdin
      @ServantOfOdin 2 місяці тому

      @@pennyfarthingdan Even for just short stops?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  2 місяці тому +2

      @@ServantOfOdin yes, it’s a very simple step down with one movement.

    • @ServantOfOdin
      @ServantOfOdin 2 місяці тому +2

      @@pennyfarthingdan That I know (thanks to your video 👍), I just thought there's a way for these simple and short moments, where you don't really need to get off the penny farthing.
      But certainly thanks for explaining and even answering. And cheers from far-off Germany

  • @eddiecarrico4309
    @eddiecarrico4309 4 роки тому

    Thank you for the great video .

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      My pleasure Eddie, I’ll do sone more advanced skill videos when I can allocate sone time.

    • @eddiecarrico4309
      @eddiecarrico4309 4 роки тому

      Penny Farthing Dan Sounds good , you do such great work on the bikes.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      Thank you.

  • @jaimeavalos5266
    @jaimeavalos5266 3 роки тому

    Y esa cosa no tiene frenos?

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  3 роки тому

      Sí tiene frenos, pedal fijo, pinza, disco, cuchara o fricción manual.

  • @cesarcruz8180
    @cesarcruz8180 4 роки тому

    yo quiero una cuanto cuesta

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  4 роки тому

      For more information, go to www.pennyfarthingdan.com.au

  • @1dd434
    @1dd434 9 місяців тому

    Amazing

  • @doug6281
    @doug6281 5 років тому +2

    Dear Mr Bolwell,
    I am really interested in this bike. I really want one too. They are sooo coool!😁 How do i get one?
    Regards
    Doug.

    • @pennyfarthingdan
      @pennyfarthingdan  5 років тому

      Hi Doug, I know we’ve been messaging and emailing about a bike for you and a test ride but I thought I’d add a public reply for anyone else with the same question. Go to pennyfarthingdan.com.au and you can email me there to order a bike.

  • @hondacrx7829
    @hondacrx7829 Рік тому

    Very good

  • @hyperboytkl1077
    @hyperboytkl1077 Рік тому

    Problem is while getting up on the saddle trying out my new penny farthing , I farthed!😢

  • @QuantumCat76
    @QuantumCat76 4 роки тому

    This is awesome!

  • @tutubeos
    @tutubeos 3 роки тому

    Awesome

  • @737Garrus
    @737Garrus 4 роки тому

    It's just like an airplane. Take-Off & landing are hard, the flight itself is easy.

  • @moomoocowmaster8427
    @moomoocowmaster8427 3 роки тому +1

    diabolical

  • @권중호-e4i
    @권중호-e4i 2 роки тому

    good

  • @donaldmcdonald156
    @donaldmcdonald156 Рік тому

    😮

  • @puppetmasky6936
    @puppetmasky6936 3 роки тому

    If i only know how to ride bike

  • @mindcrimes1979
    @mindcrimes1979 Рік тому

    Now back flip.