HVAC 101 Big review Refrigeration cycle with all the details
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- Опубліковано 5 жов 2024
- Review of the refrigeration cycle, Superheat, Subcooling, Saturation, system components, names state of refrigerant/ flow, Condenser TD, Evaporator TD, evaporator Delta T ΔT Condenser Delta T ΔT, Filter direr ΔT, Compression ratio, capacity, Evaporator superheat vs system superheat vs total superheat, Condenser subcooling vs Metering device subcooling, target superheat and subcooling fixed Orfice metering device and Thermostatic expansion valve.
Its a long video with a lot of information we have already covered but now its all together in one place.
I do not understand how people can go through out their entire career not using all this information, I know someone who has been in the business for 30 years and could care less about this, is unbelievable. Thank you so much for your time and effort, you're a great teacher!
A guy last week was saying he leaves capacitors in the box and believed it was the right way.
You can't fix a bad mindset.
It definitely isn’t simple , but after 30 years of being in the industry and still doesn’t have a basic grasp of the refrigeration process?? Sounds like a contractor who cuts corners and does the bare minimum
if the teacher in the school are like this, sure the student are super competent.
YOU ARE A GREAT ONLINE TEACHER
Thank you. It's much more fun with a class in person.
Took me a good 4 months to get a good grasp of the refrigeration cycle. Studied hard at home during the early days of the pandemic with great videos like these.
Your time and knowledge is much appreciated
I’ve been in this trade for about 10 years and I still find myself watching your videos Ty long drives just as refreshers. Thank you for all you do. The biggest problem I see is that people see this trade as a job and not a career.
you are right 100%
I want to thank you for your passion for teaching. God Bless You!
So nice of you, Thank you!
Always we cannot thank you Enough for what you sharing .
Outstanding tutorial, thank you. Also, what is especially 'cool' is teacher Ty keeps moving through the system as it changes. He's walkin' and talkin' like the correct refrigerant cycle is doing what it's supposed to do. Bravo!
I can't stop listening to this. I am trying to answer every question before you give us the answer. No way. There is so much here that I have to say thank you again. It is the very best, most coherent narrative I have every heard about how the components interact with the air, the refrigerant, and the humidiy, and the specs for the unit. Your ability to make this simple to understand is priceless.
Can’t wait to watch this when I get off work but just had to say Ty your the man your dedication shows big time. You are really doing this to help techs new and veterans. Thank you is not enough. Just remember what goes around comes around you have good karma heading your way !!!!!
Great video. As an experienced technician I never stop reviewing the basics.
Exactly. We all need to go back to the basics from time to time. With all the things we have to know.....things get lost in our day to day work loads.
Yep and that's what makes good techs great techs.
Thank you very much Ty, you made me cry at the end of your video, I'm so motivated to be the best version of myself as an HVACR technician, I'm learning lots with you!
When it comes to teaching HVAC, your the greatest. Thank you.
There are better than Me bit I appreciate the complement
.
@@love2hvac I have learned from "the best" on UA-cam over the years but I have to say you are in a class all by yourself. No one matches your enthusiasm, charisma and desire to communicate. Students feel a connection with you that is missing elsewhere. You are a masterful and effective empathetic teacher.
Hi Ty, thanks again for your time to put together these videos for us to learn from. This one in particular is 100% on point on so many different levels!
WOW.............JUST WOW. How he's able to recall all this information, at the order he intends, is beyond me!
Amazing Mr. Ty. Once he point his finger somewhere in the board many thoughts come to his mind and he's able to transfer that knowledge very easily!
His dyslexia DID NOT hold him back an inch!
Writing out the words and having my wife, whose English is a second language, spell check was the hard part. Everything else is just in my head visually, its how I see the system, cause and effect.
I appreciate the support!
I didn’t understand sub-cool and super heat until finding your channel
Thanks for what you do for the trade Ty. Some people like myself are craving knowledge to better ourselves and become more proficient and profitable techs.
Im still learning every day myself. Stay on the learning side of life!
Thank you for the support, it keeps me going.
Hi I like your video! Iam your fans Which hvac school u at pls? Location?
@th branaman
@@JohnJohn-lq7vo I'm not with a school, I do contract training, consulting, and videos.
Iam service experts! I saw watch your video when I was in hvac school! Wanna meet u by the chance…=)
Every day is a learning day. Thanks for all you do Ty.
Drop the freaking mike!
You are awesome Mr.Ty.
Not only the knowledge you have on the subject matter but it's the ability to convey that knowledge to another individual that makes you a "super teacher".
I get exited when i find a new video that you've posted on this series.
I can't say enough except thank you!
Awesome is a good word. We all are thankful.
Yeah Ty is awesome!
Glad he was my first teacher in the HVAC field.
Every time I see a Relay.. I say “it’s a Relay it Re-Lay is”
Lol thanks Ty! I greatly appreciate you.
Thank you! I Re-Lay appreciate that!
Absolutely Love this guy Learned more in 10 Min. than hours of other study. Please keep up this valuable work..!!!!!
Thank you
Thank you from slovakia , you are helping so much also the motivational speech at the end you cant even imagine
Ty this was a phenomenal video and a huge help thank you so much for your passion
You are a really good teacher that has an awesome way of explaining this trade man. Love the videos
Thank you!
Wow! You are a terrific instructor. This video is a gem worth many repeated views Your message about learning disabilities/dyslexia/add really hit home and was extremely inspirational. Thank so much for putting this together.
SO much information. I had to watch several times. Wish YT had a slow down feature like some of the student class voice recorders.
If you go to full screen there is a gear icon, click that and you can choose 1/2 speed.
On some devices it's the top right hand side and others it's the bottom
@@love2hvac Very cool, you are cool too.
Nice one, you are better than my lecturer😂😂😂
Thank you Ty for these videos. I'm like a sponge trying to absorb it all. Always informative, always interesting. Thank you!
You are the best of the best. This is a home run and I can't stop rewatching it because it is fundamental to diagonsis in the field. Thank you Ty. raphael nyc
Thanks Raphael!
Thanks Ty for sharing your knowledge and encouraging us to learn and be better every day.
I have been trying to understand and visualize sh and sc and you have explained it so well in this video. Towards the end of the video when you described starved and flooded coils I had an "ah ha" moment and it all makes sense now. I cannot thank you enough. I have been watching endless videos on the subject and you have explained it beautiful here. Im so passionate about this trade and I feel like alot of ppl dont really understand it or dont care to. I wish you were my instructor. I wish I could find someone like you here in my area to teach me the right way. Im so grateful for youtube that allows me to get this information and for finding your chanel.
Thank you so much.
"Saturation" PSIG CONVERTED TO TEMPERATURE!!!! lol
Awesome! I'm so glad I could help!
If there is anything else you get stuck on let me know. I may not have the answer but I can send you places and people that do.
Your shirt is super ventilated. Excellent lecture.
you are the best teacher
1:00:54 - I’ve finally discovered the _best_ way to keep this straight in my head: high SH means more vapor taking up space in the evaporator coil and high SC means more liquid taking up space in the condenser coil. Both situations leave less room in the respective coils for saturated refrigerant causing well known issues in each. The opposite is also true: lower SH means less space taken up by vapor and a risk that liquid refrigerant can travel down the suction line toward the compressor (or vapor pump, as you call it) and lower SC means less space taken up by liquid, risking less than a solid column of liquid hitting the expansion device. Low SH - not enough vapor leaving the evaporator; low SC - not enough liquid leaving the condenser.
When I get to the point where I’ll be able to teach refrigeration, I’ll explain it this way!
Yes that is correct.
That's explanation was my goal in
HVAC 061 TXV TEV part 2 with Target Subcooling and
HVAC 062 TXV TEV Target superheat vs Superheat.
Greatest educational opportunity and learning tool video. Thank you for this awesome learning tool.
As always, Ty is a great communicator🤙
Great explanation. Probably the best I’ve seen so far. Everything is put in a nice digestible way.
Brilliant lesson 👏 thanks so much
Great explanations!! This really helps!
thank you for your knowledge and effort…..review is a great .
So much information. Thank you!
Your channel is a gem.
Outstanding summary. Thanks, Ty!
Great attention to detail!
Can't wait to watch it, Thanks a lot sir!
Thank you for everything.
Wonderful explanation..thanks for the video..
Thank you for the content #hvac #learnhvac #enjoylife
Best HVAC teacher!
Way better out there but I appreciate the complete!
Great video. Very educational
Thank you Ty, you are wonderful, you make thermodynamics fun, if I had a teacher like you long time ago when I was at SDSU, I would have ended up a mechanical engineer instead of civil.
Keep up your lessons, I bet everybody is now understnding science better.
I have a question for you, and would very much appreciate an explanation.
Now a days some companies are offering thermal solar panels as a retrofit between the variable speed compressor and the condenser, claiming it will make the compressor work at lower speeds thus saving energy up to 50% in sunny areas, my question is
If the refrigiratìon cycle have somewhat fixed temp and pressure along the hot and cold lines, wouldn't raising the temp in the condenser violate such parameters, and what about the size of the condenser or fan speed ?
and if such substantial savings can be achieved using a simple technology, why don't the manufacturers take advantage of it, and make a provision in the line so a thermal panel can be added when the situation allows, along with the proper technical details in their literature.
Thx in advance
anytime "savings" and high numbers like "50%" by BS meter goes into alert.
It takes energy to move refrigerant, to move heat. Even with Geothermal and its really impressive heat storage designs the savings are nowhere near that. Lennox had a system that uses solar panels that tied directly to the condensing unit. it only offset the use of the condenser fan motor. that's approximate 184 wats. It was a lot of cost for very little savings.
Every few years companies reinvent evaporative condensers. they spray water on the condenser to increase capacity, it works for a short time but the water bill goes up and the water quickly ruins the condenser fins cositng much more money than ever saved. the marketing is great though.
That said I would have to look at the design and see the numbers. Just because I'm very highly skeptical, and its unlikely, it could be possible.
Yep, seems out best bets are to optimize the parameters for the refrigerant and system as a whole. Plus less temperature delta from condenser to evaporator takes less compression, therefore more efficient, that's why geothermal is so good, it's more consistent and less extreme than the air in winter or summer. R290 looks pretty good for efficiency if not liked for other reasons. @@love2hvac
great video Ty. thanks
Thanks Jesse!
straight from the horse's mouth. Thanks for sharing.
Holy cow look at that white board!! I have some windshield time coming up...
Amazing explanation! Thanks for your time and knowledge
Thank you very very much set.
Thanks for the great work brother
Bravo,bravo,bravo!!!
I wanted you to start break dancing!😂
The proper placement of the components is one of the things I was also taught, site glass indoors after the dryer!
All of this should be mandatory before any school takes money from anyone!!!
We know it's not being taught like this.
Looking forward for more videos, Thank you!
🍺🍺🍺🥃🥃🍿🏌🏻♀️
Stay safe.
Retired (werk'n) keyboard super tech. Wear your safety glasses.
(Easy to watch)!!!😎
I was dancing once and people ran over to see me! They thought I was having a seizure. 😆
Don't wear your safety glasses kids, if your nearsighted you already have them, the rest of you can wear an eye patch if your lucky...
Good job
Still learning from you!
Thanks Sir
Awesome video!
Thank you sir. Thank you
Thank you!
Thank you.
Thank you ty..
Thank you....thank you ty❣️
this is fantastic
When I think of ac's I think of Ty!
Thank you TY. please show us how to calculate the Coil surface area for condenser.
Awesome tut Ty.
Thanks
Awesome 👌. I do think it's OK to check subcooling on commercial units like coolers with a liquid receiver. Chapter 7 commercial refrigeration for AC techs by dick wirz, Has diagrams with liquid receivers n checking subcooling after condenser n b4 receiver. I would think it would help to take subcooling after condenser to get n idea of what's going on inside condenser n if u have liquid leaving condenser but understanding it will go through the receiver b4 it reaches metering device n sight glass. I would take temp at outlet of condenser n b4 metering device to c if any temp/pressure drop. Love this virtual training program u r doing. Thanks again for helping us future thermal dynamic energy specialists!
I love that your reading his book, understanding and applying the thoughts! That is great! When I get to refregeration focused section I will go into detail of that and how to see how full the recover is during pump down.
Nice! Thanks 👍
Thanks
Epic
Hey Ty, thanks so much for this video. I just started my apprenticeship in HVAC and I've already learned more about the basic refrigeration cycle watching your video than other UA-cam videos covering the same topic. The only part of your video I haven't fully grasped is the difference between the Delta-T vs. TD equations for both the condenser and evaporator. Are they essentially the same equation? For example are you simply using the return air and supply air difference in the evaporator to get to the same outcome (ie. temp difference) if you don't know your suction saturated temp? I'm essentially confused about the difference between TD and Delta T in terms of when to apply them in real life scenarios.
And lastly, you say that the discharge line temp shouldn't exceed 225F, is that a universally applied rule to ALL lubricating oils used in residential/commercial compressors or are there some oils that can handle a higher discharge temperature rating? Thanks again for all your insight and wisdom :)
They are both temperature differential but they are separate uses
Delta t meaning the same medium in vs out.
Evaporator delta T means it temp in vs air temperature out.
Condenses delta T is air temp in vs air temp out.
Liquid line delta t is refrigerant temp in vs refrigerant temperature out.
Water chiller delta T is water temp in vs water temperature out.
TD represents 2 different mediums.
Evaporator TD is the return air temperature in vs the refrigerant saturated.
Condensor TD is air in vs the saturated temperature it's also called CTOA (condensing temperature over ambient)
You can have a chiller TD refrigerant saturated temperature vs water in temperature.
Cooling tower TD is the air entering temperature vs the water entering temperature.
For TD is also used for hydronic cooling.
Return air temperature vs the temperature of the water entering.
both are tempersture difference.
TD is two different mediums
Delta T is the same medium.
It's a term.many people get.mixed.ipmimntje trade and incorrectly interchange them.
Hopefully that helps !
@@love2hvac @love2hvac yes it makes crystal clear sense now, thank you very much for your detailed response!
I still need a "for dummies" version of refrigerent 101. This one kinda help. For some reason its not clicking in yet. Maybe I need more hands-on, and visual learning in the field.
This is a review of all the concepts. To really understand start this series from the beginning. It breaks down every segment. HVAC 001
ua-cam.com/play/PLc7QlzR-srBgknwzlXjoESxNbzHQJ-TIq.html
Thank you!!!!!!
Wow as per usual sir super good video. I have one concept that I’ve been wondering about. How does the compressor know the ambient air temperature such that it can always output an appropriate CTOA pressure?
The compressor does not change it's moving the same volume of refrigerant.
If you have a container of refrigerant, and move it to a warmer place the pressure will also increase. So the natural laws are still in play. As the temperature on the copper goes up the temperature of the refregerants is pushed up and also the pressure gets pushed up.
Even though the compressor is running the same speed, the additional pressure means more electricity usage and it's more work against the motor.
12:49 - Oh. I get it. That’s funny: “. . . getting rid of a _ton_ of BTU of heat energy.”
I am so happy that someone picked up on that!
Had to change speed to .75 a little too fast for me but good video.
The high savings are also confirmed in the following research paper from Universities Teknologi PETRONAS in Malaysia “DESIGN a solar hybrid air conditioning compressor system”
I am asking for an analysis of what happens to the oil in the system during normal operation, Step by step, where it travels, in what amounts it settles the most, whether the physical height differences are an obstacle to the oil, what% of the oil leaves the compressor, what% remains in the evaporator, and does this oil come back if there is little refrigerant and low pressure? I understand that the easiest way to move the oil is in the liquid part (logical), if we have a leak, little refrigerant, low pressure, will the oil be able to "get out" from the nooks and crannies of the evaporator?
🤩🤩🤩🤩✅👌
Would you please talk about coolant cooled condenser by Valeo that BMW uses for its 2018+ cars
I don't have access to one for a video. but it's basically just a water cooled condensor. Instead of reheating heat to the air, it rejects the heat into water. The water then goes to the radiator to reject it's heat.
@@love2hvac thank you for considering my request; I've collected some info from the internet and BMW's ISTA, things worth noting is that its using the low temp cycle for cooling the intercoolers for the AC, water hot side is closer to low pressure side and vise versa
Wow
Good night Professor Ty. I watched until you talked about condenser TD. I have two question. I don't completely understand when is said that the flash gas helps cool the liquid refrigerant down to the boiling temperature, could you explain it to me more deeply or tell where I can find more information? Also, why a condenser with a lower TD is more efficient and how can you tell which is the design TD of a condenser? Thank you very much, and have great day.
I'm not sure where it is but I have at least 2 videos on flash gas. One is introductory the second goes deeper.
As for Lower TD and efficiency comes from the design. The manufacture builds more surface area or more air flow or material (micro channel)
The better heat transfer means we don't have to have a higher condensing temperature to remove the same amount of heat. The lower condensing temperature leads to a lower compression ratio and less energy usage.
III nhabe a video on TD also
Hey ty , I know this is beyond the scope of the basic refrigeration cycle but I was wondering if you can help. I’m learning as I go and trial by fire. I’m currently working on some marvair wall mount units which I hate. The unit was working perfectly fine but now it’s not. ( story of our life right?) anyhow , I believe it has hot gas bypass or reheat. My suction lines cold and sweating and condenser is pumping heat. It’s not calling for any heat. But my discharge air is relatively warm. Do you have any literature on diagnosing failing hot gas bypass and it’s symptoms. I’ve searched the web and can’t find anything worth reading. Thx!
You can use the decoder in this pdf with the model to see if it has hot gas bypass
marvairhvac.com/files/i-o_Rev19_pn-p01655.pdf
Explaining hot gas bypass
www.achrnews.com/articles/105262-understanding-hot-gas-bypass
Also free tech support here
www.bluonenergy.com/hvac-tech-support/
Big question, does pressure increase during superheat in the evaporator, does it drop during de-superheat and sub-cooling in the condenser? Intuitively I would assume yes, however the fact that we can determine Saturation Temp by reading the PSIG of our low and high side access ports, implies that no pressure change occurred during these processes. Any answers with explanation would be incredibly appreciated.
Hmm. maybe ive got it. Even though superheat is occurring, the increase in pressure caused by the superheat has already been accounted for in the net pressure of the low side line.
As superheat occurs, pressure increases, raising bp, reducing flash, increasing liquid, increasing time taken to reach 100% vapor, reducing superheat.
reduced superheat means lower pressure, lowering bp, increasing flash, reducing liquid, reducing time taken to reach 100% vapor, increasing superheat, increasing pressure, ect ect.
endless self balancing cycle? Or am I all wrong here?
At 0 PSIG (14.7 pasi) atmospheric pressure nitrogen has a saturation temperature or boils at -320⁰F.
I can put a cup of nitrogen on the table and it will be liquid boiling at -320⁰F with 14.7 PSIA atmospheric pressure pushing down on it.
Yet in the same room the nitrogen vapor is superheated to 75⁰F.
The pressure has not changed, but once the nitrogen turned to vapor it superheated 320⁰F above its saturation point.
I can reduce the atmosphere pressure (vacuum) and make nitrogen boil at even a lower temperature. I can also increase the pressure and make nitrogen boil at a higher temperature.
Even in a propane tank, the propane vapor at the top of the tank can be superheated above its saturation temperature.
If you pour hot water on a tank and rub it down the tank you can feel where the liquid propane level is. When your finger reaches the liquid, some of the liquid changes state, absorbing heat and cools your finger. The vapor at the top of the tank just superheats.
All the gas laws work together to create the pressure Ballance.
Boils law, Charles Law, Gay Lussas las, law of perfect gasses.
@@love2hvac Hmm, I partially understand what your saying, but it opens up more questions. In your example, when we drop the pressure to make the liquid nitrogen boil at a lower temperature, does that instant pressure drop, instantly drop the temp of the liquid nitrogen? If so would an amount of that liquid nitrogen flash to vapor the moment the pressure drops to facilitate that cooling?
I want to connect a vessel at the outlet of the condenser in my propane-based brine-to-water heat pump system to collect all liquid refrigerant and gas in the event of a leak. How should I determine the size of this vessel? Can I attach a liquid receiver for this purpose? My goal is to ensure that all liquid refrigerant is collected in the vessel if any leakage occurs from the condenser lin
Should work, but you'd need electronic valves to shut off the high side King valve, wait for pump down to finish with a low pressure cutout and have that also trigger a low side cutoff to seal it all in the tank. Just make sure your tank doesn't have any leaks..
Sounds like a weather forecast
Hello Mr Ty. By chance, do you have this refrigeration map digitalized? I would like to have it. Thank you.
I started to digitize it and then got destructed. Never went back to it
So on a reach-in cooler or freezer the manufacturer should have a performance chart?
Yes.
You can also get a performance chart for the compressor.
If it's a Copeland, you can scan the model number and select the refrigerant. It will provide you with the capacity, amps, eer, cop, and compression ratio at any set of conditions.
One more question about TD and Delta-T, I'm getting a negative temperature change only when calculating for Condenser Delta-T. Is this correct assuming that the temperature of the air coming in is going to be lower than the temperature of the air coming out, therefore, a negative net difference? Both my Evap TD and Delta-T calculations were positive increases so as my Condenser TD, so I'm not sure if my calculation (or understanding of it) is wrong for Condenser Delta-T.
Condensor data T the air exiting will be higher than the air entering.
Condensor TD (CTOA) the saturated aka condensing temperature of the refrigerant will be warmer than the air coming in.
Evaporator delta T the air entering will be warmer than the air leaving.
Evaporator TD the air entering will be warmer than the refrigerant saturated (boiling) temp.
There is no negative number since it's just the difference in the two.
@@love2hvac Thanks very much for clarifying that Ty, and keep up the stellar work! I'm learning so much from your videos :)
You ripped the back of your shirt!
😂 it's one of those breathable shirts. "Studio" is in a metal barn. During the day it gets 120 even at night with the lights it's 90 to 100. I get soaked so I was trying these out. I don't think about when I turned.
@@love2hvac I had a customers dog hump my leg last week. They were embarrassed. I laughed. Its all good!
😄 I use to keep a dog treats in a sealed bag in my pocket. When customers had a dog I would open it so the dog could smell it. Win the dog, win the customer.
@@love2hvac Lol. I always keep dog treats in my van.
@@love2hvac Teaching the principles of air conditioning in a hot barn.
Now that is funny!!!
35 degree Delta T across evaporator?
Not a 35 delta T
A 35 TD
1000 likes
17:31 what is going on with your shirt!?
It's a cooling shirt.
The back is cut to allow airflow and a mesh material is behind that.
It keeps your back from getting soaked with sweat.
No air conditioning in the studio, it gets about 100⁰F while recording at 105⁰F my best starts to overheat and shut down.
The first 20 minutes were OK, but then the speaker has started speaking to fast and everything became a mess for non-native speaker. In addition why Americans insist in imperial units? 🤔
Imperial units need to be retired.
You are speaking so fast, that it seems you are in a Indy 500 auto race ! Not a good thing when teaching.
Your right I suck at this
@@love2hvacyou are grate, teach ya thing!
It sucks