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Types of Decisions Simon distinguishes between 2 types of decisions. I Programmed Decision: decision which are repetitive and routine in nature. A definite procedure can be worked out for handling them. II. Non-programmed Decision:- when decisions are not repetitive, routine and cannot rely much on the past practices & established rules. They are new. They exist for a particular use. According to Simon there are different techniques for handling the programmed and non programmed aspects of decision making. • To deal with programmed decisions the techniques adopted are habit, knowledge and skills and informal channel. • Whereas for non-programmed decisions the techniques adopted are selection and selection and training of executives possessing higher skills. Innovative ability etc. • Simon is of opinion that the use of mathematical models, computer simulation and electronic data processing may prove to be revolutionary in making decisions rationally Administrative Man • There are many models of decision-making behaviour, which attempt to determine the extent of rationality of decision-makers. • Simon develops a more realistic model of administrative man, who stands next to the economic man. • The behaviour of an individual in an administrative situation is conditioned by organizational factors. It is therefore, impractical for administrative man to maximise the choice i.e. impossible to select the best alternative from among all those available to him. • Economic man maximises where as the administrative man satisfices. • Economic man deals with the "real world" in all its complexity. • Administrative man recognises that the world he perceives is the simplifies version of the real world, he makes his choice using a simple picture of the situation that takes into account Just a few of the factors that he regards as most relevant and crucial. • However, the difference between maximising and satisfing is relative. Models of Organizational Influence Simon examined the way in which the behaviour of the employee can be influenced. a. Internal Influence:- establishing in the employee himself attitude, habits and a state of mind which lead him to reach that decision which is advantageous to the organization. b. External influence:- imposing on the operating employee decisions reached elsewhere in the organisation. Internal influence can operate by inculcating:- • Organizational loyalty • A concern with efficiency • Training External influence depends upon:- • Authority • Advice and information Authority • Authority is one of the means through which organization man is made to conform to the or anizational demands. • However, the general impression that authority flows from above is not correct. For the exercise of authority depend upon the willingness of those who accept it. • It should be noted that authority might operate at various levels and not necessarily downwards. • Organization develop both formal & informal relations and authority is largely used to settle the dispute in the organization. • Following Barnard's "Zone Of Indifference", Simon discusses about the "Zone of Acceptance" and says that if exercise of authority is attempted beyond this zone, the subordinate disobeys it. Advice & Information • Continuous flow of information downwards, upwards and sideways is essential for effective functioning of an organization. • However, the nature of information and advice to be tendered may change from situation to situation. • Therefore, collecting dependable information & proper utilization of it ensures greater effectiveness in the decision-making and provides adequate lines of communication & persuasion.
Hello mam, your style of teaching is good. Is MA Public administration book of IGNOU good for preparing civil services. As most of your lectures are as elaborated from MA IGNOU
t.me/WorldofAdministration
Join our telegram group
Or send us a message on telegram +(91)9896859767
Contact +(91)9896859767 on What's App to know about Public Administration Notes, New Course, etc.
Thank You
Types of Decisions
Simon distinguishes between 2 types of decisions.
I Programmed Decision: decision which are repetitive and routine in nature. A definite procedure can be worked out for handling them.
II. Non-programmed Decision:- when decisions are not repetitive, routine and cannot rely much on the past practices & established rules. They are new. They exist for a particular use.
According to Simon there are different techniques for handling the programmed and non programmed aspects of decision making.
• To deal with programmed decisions the techniques adopted are habit, knowledge and skills and informal channel.
• Whereas for non-programmed decisions the techniques adopted are selection and selection and training of executives possessing higher skills. Innovative ability etc.
• Simon is of opinion that the use of mathematical models, computer simulation and electronic data processing may prove to be revolutionary in making decisions rationally
Administrative Man
• There are many models of decision-making behaviour, which attempt to determine the extent of rationality of decision-makers.
• Simon develops a more realistic model of administrative man, who stands next to the economic man.
• The behaviour of an individual in an administrative situation is conditioned by organizational factors. It is therefore, impractical for administrative man to maximise the choice i.e. impossible to select the best alternative from among all those available to him.
• Economic man maximises where as the administrative man satisfices.
• Economic man deals with the "real world" in all its complexity.
• Administrative man recognises that the world he perceives is the simplifies version of the real world, he makes his choice using a simple picture of the situation that takes into account Just a few of the factors that he regards as most relevant and crucial.
• However, the difference between maximising and satisfing is relative.
Models of Organizational Influence
Simon examined the way in which the behaviour of the employee can be influenced.
a. Internal Influence:- establishing in the employee himself attitude, habits and a state of mind which lead him to reach that decision which is advantageous to the organization.
b. External influence:- imposing on the operating employee decisions reached elsewhere in the organisation.
Internal influence can operate by inculcating:-
• Organizational loyalty
• A concern with efficiency
• Training
External influence depends upon:-
• Authority
• Advice and information
Authority
• Authority is one of the means through which organization man is made to conform to the or anizational demands.
• However, the general impression that authority flows from above is not correct. For the exercise of authority depend upon the willingness of those who accept it.
• It should be noted that authority might operate at various levels and not necessarily downwards.
• Organization develop both formal & informal relations and authority is largely used to settle the dispute in the organization.
• Following Barnard's "Zone Of Indifference", Simon discusses about the "Zone of Acceptance" and says that if exercise of authority is attempted beyond this zone, the subordinate disobeys it.
Advice & Information
• Continuous flow of information downwards, upwards and sideways is essential for effective functioning of an organization.
• However, the nature of information and advice to be tendered may change from situation to situation.
• Therefore, collecting dependable information & proper utilization of it ensures greater effectiveness in the decision-making and provides adequate lines of communication & persuasion.
Very helpful and clearly explained. Thank u so much ma'am. Please add more videos for complete syllabus.
Thanks alot madam...
Explanation achha hai but flow chart se batate to bhut accha hoga
Hello mam, your style of teaching is good. Is MA Public administration book of IGNOU good for preparing civil services. As most of your lectures are as elaborated from MA IGNOU
Thank you ma'am
Ma'am plz pdf dejiye pub ad ka
Mam can y please tell me the book for United nation and global conflict for b.a 3rd year for hindi medium
We can provide the material on Telegram.
Sorry mam I can't use telegram
Then You can just search on google. You will find out the material.
Thanks for help mam
But no material on Google in hindi
@@Admn_World what's the telegram account
it seems you have cold and cough since long back time
Its fine now.
Thank You for your Concern 😇