Sander te Winkel I belive the prices in norther europe is near equal? Last I checked, there was little differance at all. (Compared norway, denmark, sweden, germany and the uk.)
Sander te Winkel Aren't your prices calculated with taxes included while ours aren't, making them almost the same, or did you already add taxes to american prices?
This is a good video. I use analogies when explaining memory/storage. RAM is your computer's short term working memory, like the memory you would use if you were doing a math problem or doing something like driving (remembering where the other cars on the road are, the hazards, etc before making a decision). Hard drive storage is like your computer's long term memory, like how to ride a bike or what you need to pick up from the grocery store (e.g. data) or someone's face looks like (e.g. pictures) or what a song you listened to before sounds like. Short term stuff is easily forgotten because it only applies to the moment, but is important for multi-tasking or working on complex problems (RAM) and long term memory (hard drive capacity) is important because it allows you to remember more things. If you lack good short-term memory then the only way to deal with situations that arise quickly is to use your slower long-term memory.
My digital circuit design professor linked a Linus video in his lecture videos. Awesome. We have an exam on memories, registers, finite state machines, datapaths, etc. later today. This certainly helped refresh my *memory*.
it still grinds my gears when someone asks me how much "memory" my computer has (4 gigs of RAM) and they will laugh at me because their computer has over 400 gb...(HDD capacity)
@@RCassinello Then there's me with no HDD or SSD, storing everything on old DDR3 memory. But the problem is, the R/W speeds are a quarter of a modern SSD because I run dual CPUs. And it costs way too much
Aww, I was hoping this was a video about differences in DRAM or whatever. Like what the speeds and timings mean. This was helpful too though. Thanks for the video.
This is how I used to explain RAM vs. HDD/SSD. RAM is like your short term memory. It lets you do more things at once without losing track of them or slowing down. Your HDD/SSD is your long-term memory to store things like documents/music/pictures/videos that you want to keep for longer periods of time.
These videos are for the more... "uneducated". The general person won't be asking about different types of NAND memory because most people don't even know what an SSD is. We'll get there someday.
incredibly slow and potentially volatile, though... old cassettes from early microcomputers often have issues with reading data because so little of the original magnetic impulses are still there after 30 years of sitting around gathering dust. modern solutions are still pretty cool, though, I agree. I remember seeing the server at my work backing up to small tape cartridges and thinking that was really neat
Do a Video on what does 128 bit and 256 bit make a difference on my Graphics Card? I have a GTX 650 Ti 128bit , should i have rather buy a different card using a 384 bit interface and why?
***** Well I had two preferences I wanted a 2GB Graphics Card and it should have GDDR5 , but it has a 128bit interface. Did I make a good choice or should I have rather went with something with 1GB GDDR5 and 384Bit?
Cornelis Stoop Bits do usually matter more than the quantity of the GBs in GRAM for performance. It's just like actual ram, stacking a million GB on a crappy card doesnt speed it up, but lets it go to higher resolutions and store more high quality textures.
Thank you good sir! That sums it up I'm staying with 1 HD screen so I will be fine, but one more thing if i buy a 1gb card with 512bit will it be better than buying a 4gb 384bit card?
***** your missing some details, what you have been calling the "bit rate" isnt a bit rate at all it is the number of bits that can transfer at a time, the bit rate (often now measured in GB per second) is memory frequency multiplied by the number of bits (divided by 8 to get the MB/s).
Actually, VPNs CAN improve latency for gaming if it improves the route, and for League of Legends, I go from 80-90 ping not on a VPN to 60 ping on a VPN.
Another great video, thanks Linus. I'll be directing a lot of people I know who aren't as tech savvy as I am but would like to be to this video and your others. Keep up the great work!
The problem is a remnant of the 80s era when it wasn't unusual to have NO permanent storage inside the computer and the word 'Memory' was only used to refer to RAM/ROM pool inside and 'Storage' was the term used for permanent data retaining devices. The catch is that storage devices were even bigger of a novelty those days than the computer themselves, many times costing more than the computer itself, for example with the Commodore 64 and VIC 20. Fast forward to today wherein the word memory which once defaulted to ONLY form of data retaining device present in the computer, now has two potential candidates.
If you want to maintain the health of your hard drive, run Spinrite. It will: a, prevent your drive from sustaining damage; b, repair damage it has already sustained; c, recover data from a dying/dead drive. Run it.
Hey Linus can you do a techquickie on choosing the right sizes of liquid cooling fittings and hoses to match. Many have this problem of buying the right size hose for the fitting. Etc.
HDD = File cabinet type storage RAM = work space the bigger your workspace is the faster n smoother work can get done. I've been explaining it like that for years
If you have more ram memory, it doesn't mean work is being done faster, it just means there can be done more work at the same time, which would actually speed up your total work
I explain it as:- HDD is like a file cabinet whilst RAM is like the desktop (not the computer one a real honest to goodness desk) on which you work. Larger HDD means more stuff can be stored like a larger filing cabinet, more RAM is like a larger desktop so you can have more 'things' (programs/files) open at the same time
I've explain computers in terms of an imaginary robot filing paperwork. The hard drive is the size of its filing cabinet, the RAM is how many hands it's got, and the CPU is how fast the hands can move.
L1 is broken into 2 parts and differnet from AMD and Intel. L1 has a Instruction 1/2 of ussualy 32KB per core in Intel chips and 64KB shared in a AMD module contianing 2 cores while the L1 data part has 32KB per core on Intel and 16KB per core on AMD. These sizes are very small but you have to understand that they run much faster than the execution cores do and most times are placed right beside the execution cores making access times very short under a ns in length to get from the core to the L1 cache. if neither L1 cache has what the core is looking for then L2 is accessed and L2 is frequently accessed data again differnet set ups from Intel to AMD. Intel uses shared L2 around 256KB per core with the core count times 256KB and then putting all of that cache together to make 1 bigger cache set while AMD uses a divided cache of 1MB or 2MB per core in the CPU. L3 is basicly L2 but larger and unlike L1 and L2 caches Intel and AMD go at it the same way with a unified cache just AMD has it broken up into 2 parts and Intel has it all in a single part. VRAM is Video Random Access Memory is used excluively by the GPU one set of VRAM for each GPU you have and how it is divided up is determined by the driver and the SLI or Crossfire set up. More VRAM ussualy is better as resulations are going up thus more VRAM will be needed. a RAM disk can be refering to 2 things a DVD-RAM disc which i never have used so i do not know about or a system RAM disc for holding storage files which will get wiped when the power goes out. XInfinity2013 the Cache on a HDD and/or SSD is in short a small amount of specilized chips for retreiveing frequently accessed data with a controller to predict what will be called next and store that into the hard drive cache. Some SSDs have a Cache made out of DDR3 and it in short is the same thing as the speciailized chips on a HDD just not specilized for the task though bigger cache sizes allowing it to store more in it.
A magnetic form of storage used in SSDs, thumb-drives, and other forms of storage that may be either thrown around or need faster reading speeds. Other than that, limited number of write cycles.
Fast as possible show idea: Computers vs mainframes vs servers vs super-computers. Also computer certifications and their differences (just the top 5 or 10 most seen ones, getting them all in one video wouldn't be that fast).
Linus, I'm missing VRAM in this story. I know it could be seen as a sort of a DRAM but still. Would have been helpful to explain it to ze peoplez. And for the next one: could you do Latency & Timings etc. on RAM? Always confuses the living crap out of me
well i can help with the timings part. basically ram always runs at certain frequency. this is basically the speed at which data can be outputted. latency however is different, it is basically how long it takes the ram module to retrieve the data. take this analogy. say each ram module is a public library. Frequency would be the maximum rate you can get books loan books out and get people flowing out of the front doors while latency would be the time it takes for the librarian to take your requests, go search the library, and retrieve the book for you.
Well... DRAM is actually just a type of "main memory", and there are other types of main memory too. Hard disc drives and magnetic tape drives are more accurately referred to as storage devices, as the CPU wouldn't directly access their data, which usually is read into the main memory before the CPU processes them.
Just a heads up Linus, though Hotspot Shield may work to circumvent geo-blocking, Netflix technically prohibited it in January 2016. According to their EULA, Section 2.4: "As a condition of the limited license for the Software granted to you in this License Agreement, except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this License Agreement or by applicable law which cannot be waived by this License Agreement, you may NOT: ... h: view any movies & TV shows provided by Netflix or its suppliers anywhere other than within the country or location authorized by Netflix ("Territory"); and i: instantly watch movies & TV shows outside of the Territory, and Netflix may use technologies to verify your compliance." Like building a hackintosh; it'll work but it's technically not allowed by them. They'd be within their rights to terminate your account.
I think that VRAM refers to Virtual Ram and not Video Ram.(but i may be wrong, looking at laptop spec sheets it seems to be pointing at Video ram or ram that the Graphic card uses) Virtual RAM exists because of multiple programs. Most program starts at let's say address 0. However there is only one such address in one computer, thus VRAM tricks the program into thinking that it is run natively in the physical ram starting at address 0, but it is actually pushing the program into different slots in the memory. Also a program may be coded to use let's say 2GB of ram. However when the program is running it might not use all 2GB of the rated space. This causes the system to have less ram available for more programs. To counter this problem, VRAM is used to trick the program that it's using the 2GB of ram but it actually have some parts of the program stored and not written to the RAM.
To me, memory refers towards RAM and HDD will be classified with storage. Also you missed out ROM for memory type. DRAM uses capacitors to store their data thus the need to refresh as capacitors lose their charge, SRAM uses transistors. SRAM usually falls behind DRAM in terms of capacity. I once laughed at a comment by a computer "expert" when he tried to explain what CMOS was when he was talking about the bios of a computer. But after that i realized that the BIOS settings are stored on a SRAM. That's why on the motherboard there is a CMOS-Bios battery, to keep the settings when there is no power. The BIOS program itself is stored on a flash or a ROM. Just an interesting thought.
HDDs were a staple of PCs since the 60s? The first PC, the Altair 8800, wasn't available until 1975, and had no storage, unless you bought a seperate punched hole tape drive!
problem with SRAM cost is that one bit of storage need 6 transistors, while DRAM only use one. SRAM can be as fast as DRAM if you know what you are doing (but for complete random reading sram still better)
I wonder how much of this will have changed in a few years if memristor memory fullfills all of the promises that's been given. Maybe there wouldn't even be different types of memory anymore.
I was suggested to watch your videos from a friend of mine because of my "lack of computer knowledge", I have a beast custom built rig and people always ask me what's the specs, and I honestly can't tell them cause I don't know them...I watched this video to try and help understand it all a bit more but honestly I'm even more confused...
kasoka sichone DRAM has a capacitor which gives it its properties (need to be refreshed, relatively compact -> cheaper to produce). SRAM doesn't have a capacitor (more transistors needed -> relatively complex -> more expensive than DRAM)
A video on video cards! The differences between them and stuff. I mean I don't mean to sound like a noob, and I do know some things when it comes to video cards, but I honestly do not know why the Titan costs $1000 but the GTX 780TI is half the price and can match the performance in gaming.
Hard drives store data in series of magnetic polarizations. How is that even 1s and 0s? 1s and 0s is only possible with integrated circuitry. Anything other than that is just 1s and 0s converted into analog signals, like magnetic polarisation.
1s and 0s is just the 'simple way to look at it', this can be expressed as off's and on's, true's or false's, one state or another etc the principal behind it is that things can be in one of two distinct states (off/on, 1/0, true false, up/across, etc ) not specifically 1 or 0. This is digital information (off/on, false/true, 1/0 etc) NOT analog i.e. varying in value depending on strength of signal. This is a simplified 'version'.
Oh sorry. Maybe I didn't express it correctly. I meant integrated circuitry transistor states as the only possible representation of bits. But I just checked it. I was wrong. So any 2 distinct states can represent bits huh.
one day when i was a little kid i was taking apart a computer with my dad and he gave me the hard drive in one hand and gave me a hammer in the other and said "destroy this" and so i asked when why and he simply said "so people don't find it" so yeah i have an odd family
you r nerd you spend all your time trying to install different operating systems on your chromebook. #getalife #swag #yournerdysogojumpofabridgewhilesayingiamanerdthatiswhyimdoingthisandmylifesucks
DarkMatterSpore Well you can nitpick about the registers and L1, L2 and L3 cache, but the point is that it is volatile, extremely fast but low volume. This video is called "as fast as possible", not "a complete and in-depth summation"
A cpu register doesn't follow the properties of the other types of memory in this video. Every "memory model" that linus mentioned has a unique property that the order of data is not preserved. instead all data is accessed via a reference. Registers don't have referencing. and order is preserved as a FIFO system.
Currently, there are 3 levels of cache. L1 is the fastest, but it's also the smallest (in capacity). L3 is bigger (also in capacity) but slower compare to L1. But it's still faster than RAM.
As a computer technician and sales rep I have to explain the differences between RAM and HDD everyday.
I hear ya. Hopefully this video makes your life a little easier.
Techquickie It did. Thanks for the video, learned more than I already knew.
Tutoriales Mac y PC you should just click play on this everytime someone asks lol
+Tutoriales Mac y PC In my place, I have to explain to the comp technicians the difference between PSU and a UPS.
+kemboy323 lol XD
in the netherland we have it some easyer
dram is named werkgeheugen (english: work memory)
while hdd/ssd is just geheugen (memory)
But the prices of those things in our country are much higher
Sander te Winkel I belive the prices in norther europe is near equal? Last I checked, there was little differance at all. (Compared norway, denmark, sweden, germany and the uk.)
Dupl3xxx I mean compered to the USA
Same in Germany:
DRAM = Arbeitsspeicher (eng: work memory)
HDD/SSD = Speicher (eng: memory)
So, nearly the same as netherland :D
Sander te Winkel Aren't your prices calculated with taxes included while ours aren't, making them almost the same, or did you already add taxes to american prices?
This is a good video. I use analogies when explaining memory/storage. RAM is your computer's short term working memory, like the memory you would use if you were doing a math problem or doing something like driving (remembering where the other cars on the road are, the hazards, etc before making a decision). Hard drive storage is like your computer's long term memory, like how to ride a bike or what you need to pick up from the grocery store (e.g. data) or someone's face looks like (e.g. pictures) or what a song you listened to before sounds like. Short term stuff is easily forgotten because it only applies to the moment, but is important for multi-tasking or working on complex problems (RAM) and long term memory (hard drive capacity) is important because it allows you to remember more things. If you lack good short-term memory then the only way to deal with situations that arise quickly is to use your slower long-term memory.
dedicated wam :D
How much dedotated wam-ized have to servar
*dedotated wam
Detonated wam
Linus as fast as possible!
he is back!!! i missed my baby girlly linus
Mithun Hossain Your baby!!?!?!
BITCH DONT TOUCH HIM! HES MINE
fuck off, he is mine
You can all have your turn with Linus :D
thats gay guys, seriously
My digital circuit design professor linked a Linus video in his lecture videos. Awesome. We have an exam on memories, registers, finite state machines, datapaths, etc. later today. This certainly helped refresh my *memory*.
it still grinds my gears when someone asks me how much "memory" my computer has (4 gigs of RAM) and they will laugh at me because their computer has over 400 gb...(HDD capacity)
LOL those guys must be from stone age.
Jester Muffin nah, its just that not everyone in my country is knowledgeable about computers
90% of the population here is still running i3s with 4gb ram and a shitty gpu xD
My dad has had a PC for over 30 years, and he still calls the hard drive the 'memory' because it 'remembers' his documents!
@@RCassinello Then there's me with no HDD or SSD, storing everything on old DDR3 memory. But the problem is, the R/W speeds are a quarter of a modern SSD because I run dual CPUs. And it costs way too much
i watched this video while using hotspot shield :D because youtube is banned in my country :(
Sorry to hear friend!
:-( It's sad that that kind of stuff still happens... where do you live? Turkey? (Oh wait they unbanned it right? :-/ )
***** Twitter is unbanned but youtube is still inaccessible
Abb Cc use a vpn
What do you think he's doing, dumbass
Aww, I was hoping this was a video about differences in DRAM or whatever. Like what the speeds and timings mean. This was helpful too though. Thanks for the video.
This is how I used to explain RAM vs. HDD/SSD. RAM is like your short term memory. It lets you do more things at once without losing track of them or slowing down. Your HDD/SSD is your long-term memory to store things like documents/music/pictures/videos that you want to keep for longer periods of time.
I thought this video was going to be about NAND SLC MLC and TLC (mem-types in an SSD) but still an informative video.
same here lol
These videos are for the more... "uneducated". The general person won't be asking about different types of NAND memory because most people don't even know what an SSD is. We'll get there someday.
Then the channel would be called Techslowiebutinformative
I thought NAND was a logic gate which the output is always 1 unless the 2 inputs feeding into it have a value of 1.
Speaking of not being plugged into anything - Hotspot Shield ... Linus just relates the AD at the end to anything.
I already know everything covered in these vids and I still love watching them, great job :D
even though there is an ads at the end, it is still a really useful video ! Thank you
Why do I watch some of these even though I'm not going to learn anything?
Me too. I think we're just here for Linus.
Haha I think we all do. We all know it, but Linus is here, so why not learn it again
I started a techquickie marathon and tbh it happens you learn something interesting.
because even though you know 90-95% of the content, there is 5-10% of stuff you can still learn (at least that's the case for me :p)
@@OG1GTP not really my computer teacher knows shit about computer (ironically) and I have to study from here :-)
Great video, Linus! It had certain common facts i didn't knew.
I would like to see 'Maxwell Architecture Exlained - As Fast As Possible'
SRAM in Polish means shitting.
+Gregory May In Macedonian means shame
+Dac DT-HD same in Russian
More precisely, SRAM means "I am shitting".
I still love watching these! :)
This channel is a goldmine for Information Technology majors!
TAPE STORAGE FTW! Its has extremely high capacity and lasts orders of magnitude more than than flash or disk storage
incredibly slow and potentially volatile, though... old cassettes from early microcomputers often have issues with reading data because so little of the original magnetic impulses are still there after 30 years of sitting around gathering dust. modern solutions are still pretty cool, though, I agree. I remember seeing the server at my work backing up to small tape cartridges and thinking that was really neat
Do a Video on what does 128 bit and 256 bit make a difference on my Graphics Card? I have a GTX 650 Ti 128bit , should i have rather buy a different card using a 384 bit interface and why?
***** Well I had two preferences I wanted a 2GB Graphics Card and it should have GDDR5 , but it has a 128bit interface. Did I make a good choice or should I have rather went with something with 1GB GDDR5 and 384Bit?
Cornelis Stoop Bits do usually matter more than the quantity of the GBs in GRAM for performance. It's just like actual ram, stacking a million GB on a crappy card doesnt speed it up, but lets it go to higher resolutions and store more high quality textures.
Thank you good sir! That sums it up I'm staying with 1 HD screen so I will be fine, but one more thing if i buy a 1gb card with 512bit will it be better than buying a 4gb 384bit card?
***** your missing some details, what you have been calling the "bit rate" isnt a bit rate at all it is the number of bits that can transfer at a time, the bit rate (often now measured in GB per second) is memory frequency multiplied by the number of bits (divided by 8 to get the MB/s).
4:04 top-right ROFL
Im just doing my Computer Architecture class, and well you explained SRAM & DRAM quite well actually..
and i need to do my semester project about computer memory in 500 words and this video is all i need
i learned more from these As Fast As Possible videos than from going to college for 4 years LOL
Okay thats sad. Im in the first semester and we learned everything in the video.
Actually, VPNs CAN improve latency for gaming if it improves the route, and for League of Legends, I go from 80-90 ping not on a VPN to 60 ping on a VPN.
Another great video, thanks Linus.
I'll be directing a lot of people I know who aren't as tech savvy as I am but would like to be to this video and your others.
Keep up the great work!
You guys should do a video on SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
Thank you for this video Linus and other people making this video! It really helped me out a bunch! :-)
Please revamp this video with the new types of stuff. I love all your channels and always start with your channels
The problem is a remnant of the 80s era when it wasn't unusual to have NO permanent storage inside the computer and the word 'Memory' was only used to refer to RAM/ROM pool inside and 'Storage' was the term used for permanent data retaining devices. The catch is that storage devices were even bigger of a novelty those days than the computer themselves, many times costing more than the computer itself, for example with the Commodore 64 and VIC 20. Fast forward to today wherein the word memory which once defaulted to ONLY form of data retaining device present in the computer, now has two potential candidates.
If you want to maintain the health of your hard drive, run Spinrite. It will: a, prevent your drive from sustaining damage; b, repair damage it has already sustained; c, recover data from a dying/dead drive. Run it.
You guys have the best crew. Never stop I need you guys!
This is being asked in my exam today thank you linus
very informative, many thanks linus
Hey Linus can you do a techquickie on choosing the right sizes of liquid cooling fittings and hoses to match. Many have this problem of buying the right size hose for the fitting. Etc.
Episode on ESD please!
HDD = File cabinet type storage RAM = work space the bigger your workspace is the faster n smoother work can get done. I've been explaining it like that for years
If you have more ram memory, it doesn't mean work is being done faster, it just means there can be done more work at the same time, which would actually speed up your total work
I explain it as:-
HDD is like a file cabinet whilst RAM is like the desktop (not the computer one a real honest to goodness desk) on which you work.
Larger HDD means more stuff can be stored like a larger filing cabinet, more RAM is like a larger desktop so you can have more 'things' (programs/files) open at the same time
I've explain computers in terms of an imaginary robot filing paperwork. The hard drive is the size of its filing cabinet, the RAM is how many hands it's got, and the CPU is how fast the hands can move.
Lmao little baby Linus!
Do a future video explaining the different components of custom water cooling
What about L1, L2, VRAM and RAM Disk?
As fast as possible? Maybe not worth discussing.
L1 is broken into 2 parts and differnet from AMD and Intel. L1 has a Instruction 1/2 of ussualy 32KB per core in Intel chips and 64KB shared in a AMD module contianing 2 cores while the L1 data part has 32KB per core on Intel and 16KB per core on AMD. These sizes are very small but you have to understand that they run much faster than the execution cores do and most times are placed right beside the execution cores making access times very short under a ns in length to get from the core to the L1 cache. if neither L1 cache has what the core is looking for then L2 is accessed and L2 is frequently accessed data again differnet set ups from Intel to AMD. Intel uses shared L2 around 256KB per core with the core count times 256KB and then putting all of that cache together to make 1 bigger cache set while AMD uses a divided cache of 1MB or 2MB per core in the CPU.
L3 is basicly L2 but larger and unlike L1 and L2 caches Intel and AMD go at it the same way with a unified cache just AMD has it broken up into 2 parts and Intel has it all in a single part.
VRAM is Video Random Access Memory is used excluively by the GPU one set of VRAM for each GPU you have and how it is divided up is determined by the driver and the SLI or Crossfire set up. More VRAM ussualy is better as resulations are going up thus more VRAM will be needed.
a RAM disk can be refering to 2 things a DVD-RAM disc which i never have used so i do not know about or a system RAM disc for holding storage files which will get wiped when the power goes out.
XInfinity2013 the Cache on a HDD and/or SSD is in short a small amount of specilized chips for retreiveing frequently accessed data with a controller to predict what will be called next and store that into the hard drive cache. Some SSDs have a Cache made out of DDR3 and it in short is the same thing as the speciailized chips on a HDD just not specilized for the task though bigger cache sizes allowing it to store more in it.
loved that plug at the end
HDD do still suffer from bit rot, so the data does degrade without power, albeit at a fairly slow rate.
If you want to learn something and be amused then very worth while watching.
Linus! What is Flash? I'm so confused D:
A magnetic form of storage used in SSDs, thumb-drives, and other forms of storage that may be either thrown around or need faster reading speeds. Other than that, limited number of write cycles.
It's when a man or a woman quickly show off their personal bits by temporarily moving clothes out of the way.
***** You might want to talk to a therapist about that.
I reached the limit of flash memory today. On my phone. Downloading 100gbs every 3 days for 2 years on it. Never thought I'd reach it. Goal achieved.
Well it is your own fault for stressing it and wearing it out like that,try to avoid it in the future
DDR stands for Double Data Rate and is only some information about the interface and has nothing to do with SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, Ferroelectric RAM, etc.
Thank you very much linus for these types of videos , I really learn a lot from them
Fast as possible show idea: Computers vs mainframes vs servers vs super-computers. Also computer certifications and their differences (just the top 5 or 10 most seen ones, getting them all in one video wouldn't be that fast).
Linus, I'm missing VRAM in this story. I know it could be seen as a sort of a DRAM but still. Would have been helpful to explain it to ze peoplez. And for the next one: could you do Latency & Timings etc. on RAM? Always confuses the living crap out of me
well i can help with the timings part.
basically ram always runs at certain frequency. this is basically the speed at which data can be outputted.
latency however is different, it is basically how long it takes the ram module to retrieve the data.
take this analogy. say each ram module is a public library. Frequency would be the maximum rate you can get books loan books out and get people flowing out of the front doors
while latency would be the time it takes for the librarian to take your requests, go search the library, and retrieve the book for you.
Well... DRAM is actually just a type of "main memory", and there are other types of main memory too. Hard disc drives and magnetic tape drives are more accurately referred to as storage devices, as the CPU wouldn't directly access their data, which usually is read into the main memory before the CPU processes them.
I'm thinking of upgrading my SIMMs to EDO DIMMs when I get my pent. A full 16 megs, yeah baby!
this is an old vid, but what about VRAM?
VRAM DOES NOT EVEN EXIST
Just a heads up Linus, though Hotspot Shield may work to circumvent geo-blocking, Netflix technically prohibited it in January 2016.
According to their EULA, Section 2.4: "As a condition of the limited license for the Software granted to you in this License Agreement, except as and only to the extent expressly permitted in this License Agreement or by applicable law which cannot be waived by this License Agreement, you may NOT:
...
h: view any movies & TV shows provided by Netflix or its suppliers anywhere other than within the country or location authorized by Netflix ("Territory"); and
i: instantly watch movies & TV shows outside of the Territory, and Netflix may use technologies to verify your compliance."
Like building a hackintosh; it'll work but it's technically not allowed by them. They'd be within their rights to terminate your account.
If they don't let you watch a movie or TV show you want to watch because of where you live then that's discrimination
Is that filmed on your 4K cam and downsampled? looks very crisp, even on my old TN. :D
omg this man is in all my youtube subscriptions
I think that VRAM refers to Virtual Ram and not Video Ram.(but i may be wrong, looking at laptop spec sheets it seems to be pointing at Video ram or ram that the Graphic card uses)
Virtual RAM exists because of multiple programs. Most program starts at let's say address 0. However there is only one such address in one computer, thus VRAM tricks the program into thinking that it is run natively in the physical ram starting at address 0, but it is actually pushing the program into different slots in the memory.
Also a program may be coded to use let's say 2GB of ram. However when the program is running it might not use all 2GB of the rated space. This causes the system to have less ram available for more programs. To counter this problem, VRAM is used to trick the program that it's using the 2GB of ram but it actually have some parts of the program stored and not written to the RAM.
To me, memory refers towards RAM and HDD will be classified with storage.
Also you missed out ROM for memory type.
DRAM uses capacitors to store their data thus the need to refresh as capacitors lose their charge, SRAM uses transistors.
SRAM usually falls behind DRAM in terms of capacity.
I once laughed at a comment by a computer "expert" when he tried to explain what CMOS was when he was talking about the bios of a computer. But after that i realized that the BIOS settings are stored on a SRAM. That's why on the motherboard there is a CMOS-Bios battery, to keep the settings when there is no power. The BIOS program itself is stored on a flash or a ROM. Just an interesting thought.
Good job linus
Such valuable info for a tech noob like me... Thanks FAP team.
HDDs were a staple of PCs since the 60s? The first PC, the Altair 8800, wasn't available until 1975, and had no storage, unless you bought a seperate punched hole tape drive!
problem with SRAM cost is that one bit of storage need 6 transistors, while DRAM only use one. SRAM can be as fast as DRAM if you know what you are doing (but for complete random reading sram still better)
www.sdram-technology.info/dram-elementary-cell.html
he can play a good actor on Dr Who
Extremely helpful explanation!
Really wish I had Fast as Possible a few years ago, when I first started learning about computers.
Great explanation. Your voice reminds me of Yakko from The Animaniacs, which in my book is great!
I have to explain to my dad the difference between ram and storage every time I talk to my dad about computers.
Bravo.....!!!!!
Will be useful for my exams..:)
Linus. Could you do a video on Cache next and maybe what cache to go for when buying a computer?
HDDs and SSDs have some DRAM flash memory as well so speed things up.
A Crucial M500 960 Gigabyte has 512 MB of DDR3 flash memory I believe.
Thanks TECHQUICKIE. Here my go-to source for all things technical, especially computers.
SSD for boot. HDD for storage. Your first SSD is always beautiful and memorable......**sniff**
there's no way i can dislike your video. . anyway . .thanks mate .
Has there yet been an episode on DAC and AMPS? And sound cards?
I wonder how much of this will have changed in a few years if memristor memory fullfills all of the promises that's been given. Maybe there wouldn't even be different types of memory anymore.
Hi Linus,
Can you explain as fast as possible about compact disc evolution?
From diskette to blu-ray..
WHOOOOOO YES I SECOND THIS
I was suggested to watch your videos from a friend of mine because of my "lack of computer knowledge", I have a beast custom built rig and people always ask me what's the specs, and I honestly can't tell them cause I don't know them...I watched this video to try and help understand it all a bit more but honestly I'm even more confused...
if you're using windows, go to the search bar, type in 'dxdiag' without quotes, hit enter. Should tell you the basics :)
Came back here on December 29, 2018 to see your hair back then Linus! lol
imagine if we only had one memory: the sram for long and short term storage. boot up faster than a fat man after a cheeseburger. ho lee sheet.
Thank you, Linus.
(HIMYM reference)
Perfect way to learn for my IT exam
Actually tape is the most well known use for extremely high capacity servers.
yes thats why i said
that's a good explanation
how about a episode about CAS for RAM
Do a video on the differences between static ram and dynamic ram
kasoka sichone DRAM has a capacitor which gives it its properties (need to be refreshed, relatively compact -> cheaper to produce). SRAM doesn't have a capacitor (more transistors needed -> relatively complex -> more expensive than DRAM)
Thanks linus you just go me through my exam :)
Don't forget 15,000 rpm Cheetah drives!
Not to mention 1024 vs 1000...
Also known as "correct" and "retailers finally figured out they can actually can away with that" >.
A video on video cards! The differences between them and stuff. I mean I don't mean to sound like a noob, and I do know some things when it comes to video cards, but I honestly do not know why the Titan costs $1000 but the GTX 780TI is half the price and can match the performance in gaming.
Its probably the extra 3 GB of GDDR 5 in it since it has 6GB and the 780 has like 3GB
Hard drives store data in series of magnetic polarizations. How is that even 1s and 0s? 1s and 0s is only possible with integrated circuitry. Anything other than that is just 1s and 0s converted into analog signals, like magnetic polarisation.
1s and 0s is just the 'simple way to look at it', this can be expressed as off's and on's, true's or false's, one state or another etc the principal behind it is that things can be in one of two distinct states (off/on, 1/0, true false, up/across, etc ) not specifically 1 or 0. This is digital information (off/on, false/true, 1/0 etc) NOT analog i.e. varying in value depending on strength of signal.
This is a simplified 'version'.
Oh sorry. Maybe I didn't express it correctly. I meant integrated circuitry transistor states as the only possible representation of bits. But I just checked it. I was wrong. So any 2 distinct states can represent bits huh.
Bin Artyte Yep. One example is a pure black and white image. One bit per pixel, black being 0, white being 1, with no in between states.
that was a good explanation
I watched this for computing GCSE
Could you please explain the different types of VRAM and what makes each one good or bad? (Hyinix, Samsung, Elpida, etc.)
I learnt something new today
one day when i was a little kid i was taking apart a computer with my dad and he gave me the hard drive in one hand and gave me a hammer in the other and said "destroy this" and so i asked when why and he simply said "so people don't find it" so yeah i have an odd family
you r nerd you spend all your time trying to install different operating systems on your chromebook. #getalife #swag #yournerdysogojumpofabridgewhilesayingiamanerdthatiswhyimdoingthisandmylifesucks
I call HDD and SSDs are Storage and RAM, Cache, etc. are Memory.
I saw an advert for the Microsoft lumia 945 saying that it has 64 gigs of memory.
Awesome video.👍
You forgot to mention the fastest memory in your computer, the CPU registers
He did mention it
DarkMatterSpore Well you can nitpick about the registers and L1, L2 and L3 cache, but the point is that it is volatile, extremely fast but low volume.
This video is called "as fast as possible", not "a complete and in-depth summation"
A cpu register doesn't follow the properties of the other types of memory in this video.
Every "memory model" that linus mentioned has a unique property that the order of data is not preserved. instead all data is accessed via a reference.
Registers don't have referencing. and order is preserved as a FIFO system.
You sir, are awesome. Subbed.
Welcome to the brotherhood
What about the different cache levels?
Currently, there are 3 levels of cache. L1 is the fastest, but it's also the smallest (in capacity). L3 is bigger (also in capacity) but slower compare to L1. But it's still faster than RAM.