If you enjoyed this, watch Sean's first lecture in this series here: ua-cam.com/video/BRudidBcfXk/v-deo.html and buy his book here: geni.us/BrCs You can also watch the Q&A for this talk by signing up as one of our Science Supporters: ua-cam.com/video/HNfEBxaJd-I/v-deo.html
How amazing is it to live in a world in which (a) a platform like UA-cam exists to directly disseminate information in a way that I never could have dreamed of as a child, (b) popularizing scientists explain ideas w/ visual references, and (c) Sean Carroll exists! Love it!!!
This is by far, by a long stretch on of the best dissertation about QTF. The way he explains and dissects perhaps one of the most compelled subjects is nothing but amazing! For us, enthusiast of Physics and mathematics but not physicist is priceless!
@@rayn_0ff No doubt about that rack_off. He owes everyone in here an apology. I have a PhD but you will never see me publicly making a grand supreme qualification announcement on any forum - even if I do indeed have a PhD. I would never use my PhD is such a blatantly commercial and egotistical manner. It’s my PhD and it only relates to my overall level of excellence and supreme geniuosity. My PhD qualification is really nobody else’s business- it’s my PhD. If you look at my academic qualification certificate it has my name on it - clear as day. Doctor of Philosophy - it’s written there right next to my name. It’s MY PhD ladies and gentlemen. (too much? 😁)
Prof. Sean Carroll is one of the very few absolutely brilliant Science Communicators in the World! Loved the talk and I am going to buy Vol 2 as well! I already have Vol 1.
@@jolly-rancher why? What did i do? I just was wondering about if that person knew or remmberd carl segan too, i was curious about his opinion, so what did i do wrong?
@@amerhamed Carl Sagan was undoubtedly a great scientist and science communicator, but Sean is much more approachable, as in, he's much closer to his audience. Listening to him is like talking to an old friend, a fellow scientist, eye-to-eye, not professor-to-student. I'm a scientist myself, and while I don't agree with everything he says (but with the vast majority of it), I do appreciate his tone, his openness to different fields, and his efforts to include his community in his podcast. His monthly AMAs are often 3+ hours long. He just seems to be a genuinely great human being (albeit being a bit too American for my liking - but I guess having been raised in such a country does rub off even on the brightest of minds).
I think this is the 4th iteration of this presentation that I've seen, and it is definitely the best! Sean, you are such a great communicator! I have listened to every Mindscape Podcast you have done, and The Greatest Ideas in the Universe series got me through Covid. I'm an English teacher by training, and have spent about 25 years helping people understand difficult concepts. My specialty is Adult English Language Learning for Academics, Business and Special Purposes, which brings me into contact with people in all kinds of disciplines, like Engineering, Biology, Medicine and very occasionaly Physics. I had an opportunity not too long ago to have a fairly in-depth conversation with a PhD student about Quantum Physics and he couldn't understand how I knew so much about a topic that is usually restricted only to those who have studied it at some length. So, kudos to you for giving me the foundation to engage with people with whom I otherwise would not be able to engage. To be able to ask the right questions and learn as much from my students as I pass on to them.
Def my favorite science communicator, brilliant speaker! I'm psyched to be a mindscape patreon supporter for him, it's on my to do list. Priority question is def gonna be "Doesn't your wife ever tell you to get a haircut"? Thanks for all your fine work in public education.
Bravo! Great podcast video. I'm sending this to my grandchildren to watch. You explain science so clearly that it draws the viewer into the subject. I'm sitting on my seat as I watch. Thank you for such a good video.
I have watched endless lectures, including many by Sean Carroll, about symmetry/gauge theory, and while I feel I am slowly grasping it, there is a level of technical abstraction which I think I cannot reach without the actual mathematics involved. One central question which remains to me is: why does this invariance actually *matter*? I understand the idea of something staying the same when rotating some field(s), but the physical implications of why that matters continues to escape me. There is some connection to symmetry breaking and the particles that carry forces, but it gets hazy at that point> Still, great talk.
In “Something Deeply Hidden,” Dr. Carroll presents the case that Everett’s Universal Wavefunction (Many Worlds) is the simplest explanation for our quantum mechanical observations. It is easy to understand and to me convincing. I highly recommended it. He is a marvelous teacher in print and in speech.
@@xBINARYGODxMany worlds just accepts the math, it doesn't add a sketchy idea like wave function collapse that we made up. Einstein's math predicted black holes, and some scientists tried to make them go away by making stuff up. They were wrong, black holes are real. Carrol just asks, why not accept the math?
@@MarkAhlquist When does it branch then? My point is that many worlds doesn't do away with the issue of wave function collapse. You still have to explain when a branch happens and why
OK, so the Higgs boson is a rocky road that slows everything down. Where did it get its energy, what interaction forms mass in condensate, why would it follow in the flow of gravity to any other concentration of mass? And if so, from where?
14:56 having figured out how natural and artificial harmonics work on my own, and having a huge respect for Dr. Carroll, it feels wonderful for his view to categorize me as an "expert guitar player".
The universe, expressing it's ' love ' by being complex and demanding from you is a brilliant approach. Paul Erdos used to solve the MATHS ! and then demand you find the , 'elegant solution ' to whatever proof you were pursuing. Two tremendous approaches to problem solving. You are trying to work it out Because! It is difficult to do so . Achieve that , then dig further , a really healthy approach.
JUST A THOUGHT. If gravity is still a problem, however we know it is the curvature of spacetime, not a force. Why not look for gravity inside quantum mechanics instead of outside. Gluons hold quarks together with the most strong force we know, hence the name. Neutron stars are as close as possible neutrons can be packed together, that means that the gluons are packed in a small part of spacetime. Gluons don't only make 99% of the mass (E=MC2) of the celestial body, but also most or the volume now. So, gluons make spacetime curve extremely and start to rule. When a star collapsed itself into a blackhole gluons did the work: extreme curvature. Is a blackhole nothing else than gluons' grip on spacetime and therefore are the fabric of blackholes? Everything has to follow the closed loop curvature of spacetime now, including light. All straight lines are now closed loops and give rise to 'nothings escapes'.
15:52 No. 0.In fact, the string is discrete and it is this property of the string that determines the formation of harmonics. 1. It is easy to verify this, since the formation of overtones depends on the place of sound production. 2. If you produce sound in the middle of the string, you will get only the first harmonic, that is, the sound is an octave higher than the main tone, and there will be no other overtones. 3. Accordingly, if we extract the sound in ⅓ part, we get both an octave and a fifth, if in ¼, then an octave, a fifth and an overtone two octaves higher than the main tone, we get all the previous ones and a large third, and so on. 4.The natural scale begins with the ⅛ part, which is practically a major scale (after “calibration”, of course). By the way, this is not temperament: the chromatic scale is obtained by artificially dividing the octave into 12 equal parts according to the parameter 2^1/12~ 1,059. 5. Interestingly, it was Kepler's laws that inspired Mersenne to create “string theory” at the beginning of the XVII century, as well as music theory.
I like trying to understand abstract concepts, and they don't get much more abstract than the role of symmetry in particle physics. A lot of talks I've seen just mention symmetry in passing, so it's great to take a whole hour just looking at how it connects to the rest of the structure of the Standard Model.
The biggest ideas in the universe from the vast scales of cosmology to the mind-bending phenomena in quantum mechanics-reshape our understanding of reality in ways that challenge our everyday experience. Quantum mechanics, with its concepts of superposition, entanglement, and the uncertainty principle, reveals a universe that operates in ways we can barely comprehend. It’s incredible how particles can exist in multiple states at once or influence each other instantly across vast distances, suggesting that at the most fundamental level, reality is far stranger than it appears. If quantum mechanics shows us that reality is probabilistic and interconnected at a fundamental level, what does that mean for our understanding of space, time, and causality in the broader universe?
"Gauge feild added." I just can't.. Why make it so convoluted? It's just a reference frame. Any measurement needs a definition of what the measurement is measured FROM. Measurements are taken relative to this.
"When the University of Chicago denied tenure to cosmologist Sean Carroll in 2006, he was caught off guard." (He also failed to achieve tenure at Cal Tech.) 😅😊
Superb, as always from Professor Carroll. It is such a gift to be able to explain incredibly complicated ideas in accessible and digestible ways. Thank you for helping me appreciate our best current knowledge about how nature put this all together
It seems to me that the interface that we interact with is described by classical physics. The construct that holds up the interface is described (incompletely) by quantum mechanics.
that's why energy can only be explained as an abstract. physical energy does not exist, only in forms associated with matter and the fundamental forces. Physical existence is the source of energy.
Not only the rest mass, all their concept is weird, because they has no idea of the fundamental elements. How they can make theory or calculate anything when they do not know what Space is, Time, Electromagnetism, Polarity, Physical Attraction... How they can explain the Universe, when they do not know why two magnets attracting each other? There is a break thru but not from "Them" - from independent science - the book - "Theory of Everything in Physics and The Universe"
if you rotate an equilateral triangle less than 60 degrees it looks different. Why do we have to start with symmetry. It is just a mathematical constraint that we introduced that neglects other ways of looking at it.
A universe with symmetry and breaking of symmetry is a functional universe, that has more probability of being in existence. A universe with just symmetry is a static one, you could say a dead one, where nothing is gonna evolve, also one that can exist, but more rare that the first one, and anyway won't be anyone in it to notice it. A universe without symmetry is one that is a very chaotic, instabil , and is more prone to decay or evolve into the first tipe of universe presented. Simply, put it, our universe with symmetry and breaking of symmetry has more probability to exist.
When a plasma ball touches your finger the gas "collapses" into a filament. A quantum interaction wavefunction collapse would be analogous right? Does anyone have any references that explain the math/physics of a plasma ball?
50:29: "We can claim with very high confidence that there are no particles and forces that we haven't yet discovered that have any role whatsoever in your life (...), but I mean literally in your brain, in your biology. There's no new particle or field that is affecting the firing of neurons in your brain".
So there are no particles affecting the neurons or the electrons fired by neurons in your brain. And there's people that can say they know this for sure. 🤦
the waiter analogy confuses me. the topological map is the gauge field and the orientation of the tray in relation to the ground represents the orientation of the colors for any given quark when you compare them? what does the force being applied to the waiter represent? is that the force carrying particle? what does that have to do with comparing quark colors? is the waiter the force carrier since he is moving to different tables? r the tables the quarks?
could i just say i love sean and everything he is talking about but how is it 2024 and we have a zoom call lecture in 480p being uploaded to the RI channel like please we know u can do better
That did explain a few things. I'd probably have to watch this many times to understand better, and still, much of it would still be hard to understand. You mention graviton like it is a real thing. Last I heard some were only guessing as to its existence. Did they find one in any experiment?
Physicists should rethink “at rest.” It doesn’t exist and is just an artifact of choosing a coordinate frame, not a system property. What a system actually experiences is acceleration. Photon frequency is another artifact of coordinates that comes from the Doppler effect. Imagine an empty universe with one photon. What is its frequency?
My question would be: why is there a terrain at all that the waiter has to worry about, and why does the universe allow hills in this terrain to manifest as effecting the particles motion, rather than any other aspect?
Greetings from Sweden! Good talk! How might quantum field theory (QFT) evolve, or what new principles might need to be introduced, in order to fully incorporate gravity into its framework? Given that QFT successfully describes three of the four fundamental forces but cannot yet account for gravity at the quantum level, what theoretical shifts or modifications could enable a coherent theory that unifies all forces, including gravity? Specifically, could a future theory integrate the mathematical structure of QFT with the curvature of spacetime described by general relativity, or will an entirely new conceptual framework be required?
If the weak bosons get their mass by directly interacting with the Higgs field, does that mean the Higgs boson doesn't actually transmit the force? Although I do get that it results from an oscillation in the Higgs field.
The best episode of discussing particle physics, but surprised to hear that all particles have been discovered, a huge assumption (5:28). The analogy of brain particles in explaining it is hard to understand.
Not all particles, just those in a certain energy range. For example, magnetic monopoles, if they should exist, would be so massive they wouldn't play any role in our everyday lives.
24:12 Sean talks about quark field vibrating at one point in space. Is it possible to interpret this space as k space? Would this mean that each point in k-space is associated with a three-item vector of complex numbers that tells us about the probabilities assigned to red, blue and green?
It looks to me that a lot of the biggest idea in modern quantum mechanics come from Einstein original insights to negate them. Then people refine them , formalize it and become staples in the theory
I sometimes wonder about Gödel's 1st incompleteness theorem and how it might apply as it relates to various sciences. His first theorem essentially states, any consistent formal system that is capable of expressing basic arithmetic will contain statements that are true but cannot be proven within the system itself. Quantum dynamics is a formal axiomatic system that uses math sufficently advanced as to do basic arthmatic. Therefor, logically we must conclude that there are true statements that can be made in the language of quantum dynamics that can not be proven with the axiums that make up quantum dynamics. Any thoughts on the implications of this, or does anyone wish to speculate on a possible quantum Gödel incompleteness example?
@@rayn_0ff Maybe, but there are not many places to go looking for an answer to a question like this. I can only hope to start a conversation among those that understand and are willing to explore the logical consequences. The lack of responces so far makes me think Gödel incompleteness might make many scientist uncomfortable. It challenges the notion that all truths can be proven. The corollary to Gödel incompleteness must be equally troubling, a formal system that is complete and can do basic arthmatic must be inconsistant. Maybe the safest statment on the possible consequences is that Science deals with new incompleteness by adding new postulates or axiums or modifying existing ones to create new more acurate formal descriptions. But the history of science shows that a continual refinement of a formal description of our universe and how everything works has been nesesary, and this may be a consequence of Gödel incompleteness that we will never be abke to describe everything about the universe and how it works.
Right. So, how about we think of locality as the result of interior pressure inside our huge black hole that we inhibit and call an observable universe? It`s movement in "super"-space would be explanation of unrest rest of Higgs field.
If you enjoyed this, watch Sean's first lecture in this series here: ua-cam.com/video/BRudidBcfXk/v-deo.html and buy his book here: geni.us/BrCs You can also watch the Q&A for this talk by signing up as one of our Science Supporters: ua-cam.com/video/HNfEBxaJd-I/v-deo.html
How amazing is it to live in a world in which (a) a platform like UA-cam exists to directly disseminate information in a way that I never could have dreamed of as a child, (b) popularizing scientists explain ideas w/ visual references, and (c) Sean Carroll exists! Love it!!!
Yes, he is very good at spreading false information, too. ;-)
This is by far, by a long stretch on of the best dissertation about QTF. The way he explains and dissects perhaps one of the most compelled subjects is nothing but amazing! For us, enthusiast of Physics and mathematics but not physicist is priceless!
Brilliant talk! I am PhD student in mathematical physics and I can confirm Prof Carroll has done a fantastic job of making this subject accessible!
Don't even think you can or are allowed to confirm or deny anything just because you're a phd student. Keep your ego in check.
@@rayn_0ff well said!
@@rayn_0ff
No doubt about that rack_off.
He owes everyone in here an apology.
I have a PhD but you will never see me publicly making a grand supreme qualification announcement on any forum - even if I do indeed have a PhD. I would never use my PhD is such a blatantly commercial and egotistical manner. It’s my PhD and it only relates to my overall level of excellence and supreme geniuosity. My PhD qualification is really nobody else’s business- it’s my PhD. If you look at my academic qualification certificate it has my name on it - clear as day. Doctor of Philosophy - it’s written there right next to my name.
It’s MY PhD ladies and gentlemen.
(too much? 😁)
Prof. Sean Carroll is one of the very few absolutely brilliant Science Communicators in the World! Loved the talk and I am going to buy Vol 2 as well! I already have Vol 1.
This has to be one of my favorite physics videos of all time. More please with this level of explanation!
Sean Carroll is my favorite science communicator of all time.
What about carl sagan? There are luctures too here on youtube if you've never heard of him
@@amerhamed stop embarrassing yourself
@@jolly-rancher why? What did i do? I just was wondering about if that person knew or remmberd carl segan too, i was curious about his opinion, so what did i do wrong?
@@amerhamed Carl Sagan was undoubtedly a great scientist and science communicator, but Sean is much more approachable, as in, he's much closer to his audience. Listening to him is like talking to an old friend, a fellow scientist, eye-to-eye, not professor-to-student. I'm a scientist myself, and while I don't agree with everything he says (but with the vast majority of it), I do appreciate his tone, his openness to different fields, and his efforts to include his community in his podcast. His monthly AMAs are often 3+ hours long. He just seems to be a genuinely great human being (albeit being a bit too American for my liking - but I guess having been raised in such a country does rub off even on the brightest of minds).
Agree
I think this is the 4th iteration of this presentation that I've seen, and it is definitely the best! Sean, you are such a great communicator! I have listened to every Mindscape Podcast you have done, and The Greatest Ideas in the Universe series got me through Covid. I'm an English teacher by training, and have spent about 25 years helping people understand difficult concepts. My specialty is Adult English Language Learning for Academics, Business and Special Purposes, which brings me into contact with people in all kinds of disciplines, like Engineering, Biology, Medicine and very occasionaly Physics. I had an opportunity not too long ago to have a fairly in-depth conversation with a PhD student about Quantum Physics and he couldn't understand how I knew so much about a topic that is usually restricted only to those who have studied it at some length. So, kudos to you for giving me the foundation to engage with people with whom I otherwise would not be able to engage. To be able to ask the right questions and learn as much from my students as I pass on to them.
This was fascinating. Sean's voice is very calming, which helps me when he is talking about difficult ideas.
Love that you have a 4 string bass in the background Dr. Carroll. Musical analogies help me tremendously in understanding particle physics.
I can't believe I actually understood this by the end. He's a brilliant teacher.
Sean Carroll is one of the best teachers. Thank you so much.
He loves his subject and this it's contagious! He also has a good inner compass. I like it!
If I had been in the same room as Carroll I would have stood up and applauded after this explanation, I understood so many topics.
This is a talk that gives excitement and understanding. Prof SC has always made quantum physics flow to gain momentum and become solid (memorable)
Excellent professor and superb lecturer - there is always something new to learn from him.
Amazing video! The analogy of the waiter to explain gauge simmetries is really nice!
Def my favorite science communicator, brilliant speaker!
I'm psyched to be a mindscape patreon supporter for him, it's on my to do list.
Priority question is def gonna be "Doesn't your wife ever tell you to get a haircut"?
Thanks for all your fine work in public education.
Bravo! Great podcast video. I'm sending this to my grandchildren to watch. You explain science so clearly that it draws the viewer into the subject. I'm sitting on my seat as I watch. Thank you for such a good video.
He's the best public communicator. I love every one of his books, including his textbook
That was great. One question though....... huh?
🤯⁉️
What a talented fellow you are. My thanks.
Have the books - looking forward to this ....
wow... I always say Quantum science is intuitive (only that it is contrary to the "historically tamed mind"). This is so wonderful.
Sean Carroll is the most charismatic speaker I have ever heard.
Sean seems to pick his enemies without pushback
OK I now have an idea what "gauge symmetry" means. I never understood it before.
This is a great lecture. Really appreciate how Sean steps through the theory/thinking incrementally. Thank you!
My favorite ambassador of physics!
I have watched endless lectures, including many by Sean Carroll, about symmetry/gauge theory, and while I feel I am slowly grasping it, there is a level of technical abstraction which I think I cannot reach without the actual mathematics involved.
One central question which remains to me is: why does this invariance actually *matter*? I understand the idea of something staying the same when rotating some field(s), but the physical implications of why that matters continues to escape me. There is some connection to symmetry breaking and the particles that carry forces, but it gets hazy at that point>
Still, great talk.
In “Something Deeply Hidden,” Dr. Carroll presents the case that Everett’s Universal Wavefunction (Many Worlds) is the simplest explanation for our quantum mechanical observations. It is easy to understand and to me convincing. I highly recommended it. He is a marvelous teacher in print and in speech.
many worlds barely counts as a hypothesis so anything based on it is very sketchy
What causes a world to split?
@@xBINARYGODxMany worlds just accepts the math, it doesn't add a sketchy idea like wave function collapse that we made up.
Einstein's math predicted black holes, and some scientists tried to make them go away by making stuff up. They were wrong, black holes are real.
Carrol just asks, why not accept the math?
@@MandragaraThe wave function math simply says that these 'branches' exist. The idea of anything 'splitting' is made up by humans.
@@MarkAhlquist When does it branch then? My point is that many worlds doesn't do away with the issue of wave function collapse. You still have to explain when a branch happens and why
OK, so the Higgs boson is a rocky road that slows everything down. Where did it get its energy, what interaction forms mass in condensate, why would it follow in the flow of gravity to any other concentration of mass? And if so, from where?
It is actually the Higgs fields that does this, not the Higgs Bosson.
Thank you to Dr. Carroll and to the Ri for hosting this lecture, amazing and insightful!
Sean is an incredible communicator
That’s truly amazing! Let’s stay in touch!
THANK YOU... DR. SEAN CARROLL...!!!
Many thanks Sean, super educational. keep it up. more please. 🙏
14:56 having figured out how natural and artificial harmonics work on my own, and having a huge respect for Dr. Carroll, it feels wonderful for his view to categorize me as an "expert guitar player".
Great lecture, I learned a lot from it, thanks Sean
Excellent again by Prof. Carroll.
Sean Carroll - he is so humble
He should be!
Lol.
The universe, expressing it's ' love ' by being complex and demanding from you is a brilliant approach. Paul Erdos used to solve the MATHS ! and then demand you find the , 'elegant solution ' to whatever proof you were pursuing. Two tremendous approaches to problem solving. You are trying to work it out Because! It is difficult to do so . Achieve that , then dig further , a really healthy approach.
JUST A THOUGHT. If gravity is still a problem, however we know it is the curvature of spacetime, not a force. Why not look for gravity inside quantum mechanics instead of outside. Gluons hold quarks together with the most strong force we know, hence the name. Neutron stars are as close as possible neutrons can be packed together, that means that the gluons are packed in a small part of spacetime. Gluons don't only make 99% of the mass (E=MC2) of the celestial body, but also most or the volume now. So, gluons make spacetime curve extremely and start to rule. When a star collapsed itself into a blackhole gluons did the work: extreme curvature. Is a blackhole nothing else than gluons' grip on spacetime and therefore are the fabric of blackholes? Everything has to follow the closed loop curvature of spacetime now, including light. All straight lines are now closed loops and give rise to 'nothings escapes'.
People are looking, but it's not in there. ;-)
15:52 No.
0.In fact, the string is discrete and it is this property of the string that determines the formation of harmonics.
1. It is easy to verify this, since the formation of overtones depends on the place of sound production.
2. If you produce sound in the middle of the string, you will get only the first harmonic, that is, the sound is an octave higher than the main tone, and there will be no other overtones.
3. Accordingly, if we extract the sound in ⅓ part, we get both an octave and a fifth, if in ¼, then an octave, a fifth and an overtone two octaves higher than the main tone, we get all the previous ones and a large third, and so on.
4.The natural scale begins with the ⅛ part, which is practically a major scale (after “calibration”, of course).
By the way, this is not temperament: the chromatic scale is obtained by artificially dividing the octave into 12 equal parts according to the parameter 2^1/12~ 1,059.
5. Interestingly, it was Kepler's laws that inspired Mersenne to create “string theory” at the beginning of the XVII century, as well as music theory.
But at the end of the day string theory is just a romantic idea used by crooks to make a living.
I like trying to understand abstract concepts, and they don't get much more abstract than the role of symmetry in particle physics. A lot of talks I've seen just mention symmetry in passing, so it's great to take a whole hour just looking at how it connects to the rest of the structure of the Standard Model.
The biggest ideas in the universe from the vast scales of cosmology to the mind-bending phenomena in quantum mechanics-reshape our understanding of reality in ways that challenge our everyday experience. Quantum mechanics, with its concepts of superposition, entanglement, and the uncertainty principle, reveals a universe that operates in ways we can barely comprehend. It’s incredible how particles can exist in multiple states at once or influence each other instantly across vast distances, suggesting that at the most fundamental level, reality is far stranger than it appears. If quantum mechanics shows us that reality is probabilistic and interconnected at a fundamental level, what does that mean for our understanding of space, time, and causality in the broader universe?
Wonderful talk!
It was good. I listened to it twice. 😮
Amazing, thank you, Sean!!
Thank you very much, you help me to understand more about symmetry
So, so good
wow, great explanation❤
"Gauge feild added." I just can't.. Why make it so convoluted? It's just a reference frame. Any measurement needs a definition of what the measurement is measured FROM. Measurements are taken relative to this.
Hey Sean, awesome guy, awersome podd 😀😀
Great talk!!
Thanks for the video
Carroll's voice makes me in sleepy mode , maybe that is in quantum state
That was excellent!
"When the University of Chicago denied tenure to cosmologist Sean Carroll in 2006, he was caught off
guard."
(He also failed to achieve tenure at Cal Tech.)
😅😊
Apparently, tenure committees sometimes make mistakes.
Fantastic.
Superb, as always from Professor Carroll. It is such a gift to be able to explain incredibly complicated ideas in accessible and digestible ways. Thank you for helping me appreciate our best current knowledge about how nature put this all together
Why is the reference "professor"?
Miss Noether will be spinning in her rotationally -invariant under R1 grave at not being mentioned
But she is in the slide of all the names of those who contributed to the Lagrangian at 4:45.
He mentioned gravitons 6:42
It seems to me that the interface that we interact with is described by classical physics. The construct that holds up the interface is described (incompletely) by quantum mechanics.
Can't wait for Sabina's response.
Who's that? Another one like him that thinks they have any idea of what's happening in our universe?
@@rayn_0ffSabine Hossenfelder. She can keep up and make Sean sweat with her explanations. And funny too.
The concept of rest mass/energy is weird, because it’s only relative to something that it’s at rest and everything is always moving in the universe.
that's why energy can only be explained as an abstract. physical energy does not exist, only in forms associated with matter and the fundamental forces. Physical existence is the source of energy.
There is no true conept of restmass .Reestmass is the same mass as the mass that is beeing moved and is invarient in all frames of refrence
Not only the rest mass, all their concept is weird, because they has no idea of the fundamental elements. How they can make theory or calculate anything when they do not know what Space is, Time, Electromagnetism, Polarity, Physical Attraction... How they can explain the Universe, when they do not know why two magnets attracting each other? There is a break thru but not from "Them" - from independent science - the book - "Theory of Everything in Physics and The Universe"
Perhaps you've heard of a Spherical Cow? They do not exist, but they are a useful simplification used to help explain the concept of what makes a cow.
Think of it this way: rest energy is the energy of something measured in its own frame of reference, i.e. when traveling at the same speed.
So good
The reason why no one understand quantum mechanics is the enforced symmetry imposed on quantum field theory.
if you rotate an equilateral triangle less than 60 degrees it looks different. Why do we have to start with symmetry. It is just a mathematical constraint that we introduced that neglects other ways of looking at it.
Because, like you, most people don't understand symmetry or how it is fundamental to everything that follows.
@@jssamp4442 its fundamental because we say it is lol its just math
A universe with symmetry and breaking of symmetry is a functional universe, that has more probability of being in existence.
A universe with just symmetry is a static one, you could say a dead one, where nothing is gonna evolve, also one that can exist, but more rare that the first one, and anyway won't be anyone in it to notice it.
A universe without symmetry is one that is a very chaotic, instabil , and is more prone to decay or evolve into the first tipe of universe presented.
Simply, put it, our universe with symmetry and breaking of symmetry has more probability to exist.
When a plasma ball touches your finger the gas "collapses" into a filament. A quantum interaction wavefunction collapse would be analogous right? Does anyone have any references that explain the math/physics of a plasma ball?
QQ: if you have a field contour/change (gauge field) that exists but with equals zero that would mean no mass, but it should exist..
You didn't ask an actual question.
Yes very similar to what I thought.
50:29: "We can claim with very high confidence that there are no particles and forces that we haven't yet discovered that have any role whatsoever
in your life (...), but I mean literally in your brain, in your biology. There's no new particle or field that is affecting the firing of neurons in your brain".
So there are no particles affecting the neurons or the electrons fired by neurons in your brain. And there's people that can say they know this for sure. 🤦
Very interesting ✅
the waiter analogy confuses me. the topological map is the gauge field and the orientation of the tray in relation to the ground represents the orientation of the colors for any given quark when you compare them? what does the force being applied to the waiter represent? is that the force carrying particle? what does that have to do with comparing quark colors? is the waiter the force carrier since he is moving to different tables? r the tables the quarks?
could i just say i love sean and everything he is talking about but how is it 2024 and we have a zoom call lecture in 480p being uploaded to the RI channel like please we know u can do better
Absolutely fantastic.
I love me some Sean.
That did explain a few things. I'd probably have to watch this many times to understand better, and still, much of it would still be hard to understand.
You mention graviton like it is a real thing. Last I heard some were only guessing as to its existence. Did they find one in any experiment?
Physicists should rethink “at rest.” It doesn’t exist and is just an artifact of choosing a coordinate frame, not a system property. What a system actually experiences is acceleration.
Photon frequency is another artifact of coordinates that comes from the Doppler effect.
Imagine an empty universe with one photon. What is its frequency?
"At rest" means precisely that, choosing a coordinate system that travels at the same velocity as the object.
Thanks
My question would be: why is there a terrain at all that the waiter has to worry about, and why does the universe allow hills in this terrain to manifest as effecting the particles motion, rather than any other aspect?
Greetings from Sweden!
Good talk!
How might quantum field theory (QFT) evolve, or what new principles might need to be introduced, in order to fully incorporate gravity into its framework? Given that QFT successfully describes three of the four fundamental forces but cannot yet account for gravity at the quantum level, what theoretical shifts or modifications could enable a coherent theory that unifies all forces, including gravity? Specifically, could a future theory integrate the mathematical structure of QFT with the curvature of spacetime described by general relativity, or will an entirely new conceptual framework be required?
The electron particle is timeless therefore it exists everwhere in its wave function until observed
Sounds good because it's 100% false. :-)
We still have to find all the conscious fields and boson/+ particles
If the weak bosons get their mass by directly interacting with the Higgs field, does that mean the Higgs boson doesn't actually transmit the force? Although I do get that it results from an oscillation in the Higgs field.
He mentions at the beginning there was another video about classical mechanics and Einstein, anyone got the link to that?
It's maybe Einstein's unknown equation.
But are you disabled? Are you not able to search the internet?
Thanks!
Awareness is known by awareness alone.
The best episode of discussing particle physics, but surprised to hear that all particles have been discovered, a huge assumption (5:28). The analogy of brain particles in explaining it is hard to understand.
Not all particles, just those in a certain energy range. For example, magnetic monopoles, if they should exist, would be so massive they wouldn't play any role in our everyday lives.
He didnt't say ALL particles. Just those that interact with us. He stated quite clearly that we don't know what Dark Matter is.
24:12 Sean talks about quark field vibrating at one point in space. Is it possible to interpret this space as k space? Would this mean that each point in k-space is associated with a three-item vector of complex numbers that tells us about the probabilities assigned to red, blue and green?
Thanx
It looks to me that a lot of the biggest idea in modern quantum mechanics come from Einstein original insights to negate them. Then people refine them , formalize it and become staples in the theory
None of Einstein's objections against quantum mechanics have panned out. He simply didn't understand it, even though it's absolutely trivial.
What unicode characters?
@@alan2here channel membership (aka RI sponsor) stuff
pitiful
I sometimes wonder about Gödel's 1st incompleteness theorem and how it might apply as it relates to various sciences. His first theorem essentially states, any consistent formal system that is capable of expressing basic arithmetic will contain statements that are true but cannot be proven within the system itself.
Quantum dynamics is a formal axiomatic system that uses math sufficently advanced as to do basic arthmatic. Therefor, logically we must conclude that there are true statements that can be made in the language of quantum dynamics that can not be proven with the axiums that make up quantum dynamics.
Any thoughts on the implications of this, or does anyone wish to speculate on a possible quantum Gödel incompleteness example?
Maybe a UA-cam comments section is not the right place for this discussion.
@@rayn_0ff Maybe, but there are not many places to go looking for an answer to a question like this. I can only hope to start a conversation among those that understand and are willing to explore the logical consequences. The lack of responces so far makes me think Gödel incompleteness might make many scientist uncomfortable. It challenges the notion that all truths can be proven. The corollary to Gödel incompleteness must be equally troubling, a formal system that is complete and can do basic arthmatic must be inconsistant.
Maybe the safest statment on the possible consequences is that Science deals with new incompleteness by adding new postulates or axiums or modifying existing ones to create new more acurate formal descriptions. But the history of science shows that a continual refinement of a formal description of our universe and how everything works has been nesesary, and this may be a consequence of Gödel incompleteness that we will never be abke to describe everything about the universe and how it works.
18:07 “you don’t need matter and forces”.. IMHO as a “matter of fact” you don’t need energy and time either….
No, you don't but the universe gives them to you anyway. It doesn't give you matter and forces, though. Those are just emergent effects.
His podcast is the absolute best. Check it out if you haven't yet. Cannot recommend it enough :)
Can the Higgs field decay like the inflaton field and reheat space?
Right. So, how about we think of locality as the result of interior pressure inside our huge black hole that we inhibit and call an observable universe? It`s movement in "super"-space would be explanation of unrest rest of Higgs field.
What's outside of the hole?
Sean Carroll is outstanding as usual.