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Hawker Hurricane | Rolls-Royce Merlin Powered Fighter | Things You Might Not Know, Full Video
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- Опубліковано 22 чер 2024
- The Hawker Hurricane was a British single-seat fighter aircraft manufactured by Hawker Aircraft, Ltd., in the 1930s and ’40s. The Hurricane was numerically the most important British fighter during the critical early stages of World War II, sharing victory laurels with the Supermarine Spitfire in the Battle of Britain (1940-41) and the defense of Malta (1941-42). Hurricanes served in all theatres of war where British forces were engaged.
The Hurricane emerged from efforts by Sydney Camm, Hawker’s chief designer, to develop a high-performance monoplane fighter and a March 1935 Air Ministry requirement calling for an unprecedented heavy armament of eight wing-mounted 0.303-inch (7.7-mm) machine guns. Designed around a 1,200-horsepower, 12-cylinder, in-line Rolls-Royce engine soon to be dubbed the Merlin, the Hurricane was an evolutionary development of earlier Camm designs, notably the Fury biplane fighter. A low-wing monoplane with retractable landing gear, the Hurricane, aside from its clean lines and heavy armament, was a conventional design. Its wings, rear fuselage, and tail surfaces were covered by fabric, though the fabric wing-covering soon gave way to aluminum.
The first Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter capable of exceeding 300 miles (480 km) per hour in level flight, the plane had excellent flight characteristics.
Hurricanes began entering squadron service in late 1937, and some 500 were on hand when Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. Hurricanes bore the brunt of air-to-air fighting in the Battle of France (May-June 1940), and Hurricanes equipped 30 squadrons (to 19 Spitfire squadrons) at the start of the Battle of Britain. The Hurricane I, the version that fought the battle, had a maximum speed of 330 miles (530 km) per hour (though in practice, this could be as low as 305 miles [490 km] per hour) and a ceiling of 36,000 feet (10,980 meters). Slower than the Spitfire, the Hurricane fought at a disadvantage to the German Bf 109 in climb and dive but proved to be a potent bomber destroyer, the concentrated fire of its eight machine guns literally sawing Luftwaffe bombers in half on occasion. In addition, the Hurricane was a forgiving aircraft to fly; this and its wide-set landing gear minimized landing accidents. Finally, the Hurricane’s conventional construction lent itself to speedy repair of battle damage, and shot-up Hurricanes returning quickly to service made an appreciable contribution to victory.
Later Hurricane models exploited the Merlin engine's steadily increasing power to carry heavier armament so that, though it was superseded as a front-line interceptor by 1941, it remained a capable fighter bomber. The Hurricane II was built in two main variants, one mounting no fewer than 12 0.303-inch machine guns in the wings and the other mounting four 0.8-inch (20-mm) automatic cannons. Hurricanes were equipped with sand filters for service in the North African desert, tail hooks, and strengthened empennages for duty as sea hurricane carrier fighters. Fitted with underwing bomb shackles, Hurricane fighter-bombers served in North Africa and remained in front-line service in Burma (Myanmar) and India through the war’s end. Later versions were modified to carry launching rails for air-to-ground rockets; some had a pair of underwing 1.6-inch (40-mm) cannons. Perhaps the most bizarre use of Hurricanes was as “Hurricats,” launched by rocket-powered catapults from merchant ships on one-way missions to defend North Atlantic convoys from German patrol bombers.
Hawker Hurricane General characteristics
Crew: One
Length: 32 ft 3 in (9.83 m)
Wingspan: 40 ft 0 in (12.19 m)
Height: 13 ft 1.5 in (4.001 m)
Wing area: 257.5 sq ft (23.92 m2)
Airfoil: root: Clark YH (19%); tip: Clark YH (12.2%)[177]
Empty weight: 5,745 lb (2,606 kg)
Gross weight: 7,670 lb (3,479 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 8,710 lb (3,951 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Merlin XX V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,185 hp (884 kW) at 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
Propellers: 3-bladed
Performance
Maximum speed: 340 mph (550 km/h, 300 kn) at 21,000 ft (6,400 m)
Range: 600 mi (970 km, 520 nmi)
Service ceiling: 36,000 ft (11,000 m)
Rate of climb: 2,780 ft/min (14.1 m/s)
Wing loading: 29.8 lb/sq ft (145 kg/m2)
Power/mass: 0.15 hp/lb (0.25 kW/kg)
Armament
Guns: 4 × 20 mm (0.79 in) Hispano Mk II cannon
Bombs: 2 × 250 or 500 lb (110 or 230 kg) bombs
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I always put the Hurricane in the same category as its American counterpart the P-40. Underrated and never appreciated for it's contributions to the war effort.
They made great ground attack planes and were hard to break.
Hurricanes were replaced by P-40s as quickly as was possible. P-40 was a second tier fighter, the Hurricane was 3rd tier and never a competetive front line fighter even in 1940.
@@bobsakamanos4469... you're wrong in some many ways... you should learn just a little more. Hurricanes were NOT replaced by P-40s.
@@PauloPereira-jj4jv Hurricanes, as fighters, were replaced as much as allowed. First by P-40s in North Africa starting in 1941, and by Spitfires in Britain and Malta (1942). In the CBI, they were kept in use until replaced by Spitfires, P-47's, etc. Like I said, as a front line day fighter, it was obsolete.
@@bobsakamanos4469 ... the Hurricanes fought until the end of the war. Of course they were obsolete by 1944 compared to other fighters, but not in 1940. They were never totally replaced, far from that.
My great grandfather flew these aircraft in world war two, with the Royal Air Force 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron ^^
Fabulous, enjoyed every minute,
Glad you enjoyed it
I'm an American and I say Capt Brown was the BEST pilot of his generation PERIOD, regardless of citizenship.
Best test pilot, not best fighter pilot.
He fought off Norway and the Bay of Biscay, he was taken off carriers because of his exceptional pilot skills.
@@givenfirstnamefamilyfirstn3935 test pilot skills are not equal to fighter pilots skills. Given time and opportunity, I'm sure he would have been a successful fighter pilot.
Amazing character, massive balls & a real gem.
Capt Brown would be horrified at what the western world has become over recent years. But he reminds us of what we're capable of.
@@andrewstewart9263 Every time I visit my dad's grave, a WW2 vet, I expect to see the ground around him heaved up from all the vets turning over in their graves.
enjoyed the hawker and jim brown information
Good video thank you , found it very interesting 👍
Always overlooked because the Spitfire
The Hurricane did far more then the Spitfire when one actually looks into it. Without it things would have been a lot different.
Correct.
The Hurricane had the lowest kill ratio of the battle. After that it wasn't really qualified as a front line day fighter but it was deployed anyways, to the detriment of our brave lads including my father.
@@bobsakamanos4469 yes, the Hurricane was vitally important throughout much of the war, but as a pure fighter it became obsolete as early as 1941. Hurricanes tasked with defending Malta and faced with the new bf109F had a desperately hard time. Some of those Hurricanes were still mark 1s and were little better than death traps for the unfortunate pilots. For too long, the RAF hesitated to deploy spitfires abroad, but eventually Malta told London, either you give us spitfires or we will have to surrender. At last, the RAF commanders listened, and the Royal Navy, assisted twice by the USS Wasp, ferried spitfire Vs to within ferry range of Malta. They turned the tide of the Malta air war under the direction of Sir Keith Park.
Hurricanes soldiered on in the ground attack role in some of the more remote theatres of war, notably Burma, where they operated under the cover of spitfire VIIIs, although the RAF began upgrading Hurricane units in India and Burma to the faster and more powerful P-47 thunderbolt
It was an incredible time in history! My generation experienced the aftermath through parents, teachers, etc - war torn and rebuilding the country and their lives while raising families.
Their youth was taken away, and the effects would be with them throughout their lives.
An incredible generation of youngsters - passing on their abilities to make much of little to their children.
Almost everything in play for a fifties child was war related!
Hurricane looks so nice in Finnish air force painting...
Thats a good comparison & they were both developed around the same time in the mid 30's.
Finally somebody telling it like it really was .
I am incredibly impressed, by the illustrious career of Captain Brown. The expression isn't new, but after practising all the emergency procedures, and having had some of my own harrowing experiences, a pilot still wants to have a little luck.
I had an all jet flying career, starting in 1965 on the Canadian Tutor. All the RCAF pilots in my generation, also got to fly the Canadian T-33, with no nosewheel steering, and the Rolls-Royce Nene 10 engine, which had the same engine acceleration problem as was described by Captain Brown. It was still a great aircraft to fly.
I flew with a lot of the earlier generation of RCAF pilots who flew the Sabre in Germany, and all of them stated, that the Tutor, was the next best thing to the Sabre in terms of performance and handling. I think that the proof that, is that even though it has been retired as the basic training aircraft, it is still being used by the Canadian demonstration team, The Snowbirds.
Did you know Jim MacBain? He flew Sabres in Marville, Lorraine. The Mk.5 & 6 were much better than the standard Sabres.
@@bobsakamanos4469 I knew guys that were on squadron in Marville, but I had never met Jim MacBain.
@@jjock3239 short guy, red hair, older than you. How about Harvy May (Clunks) or Bob Stickley (T-33's in Rivers)
@@bobsakamanos4469 I knew Harv May, (Sabre generation), and Bob Stickley, (the RMC course ahead of mine in MJ). My instructor on T-Birds, was Mike Carle (Clunks in Europe).
@@jjock3239 Stick was a great guy. Started (Harvards) and finished (BComd) his career in Penhold.
If Sydney Camm had used a thinner wing, it’s highly likely the Spitfire would not have looked so much better.
Camm made the same mistake with his next interceptor, the Typhoon, despite knowing the drawbacks of the Hurricane in 1936.
Glory goes to the aircraft and its designers that was most effective; ie the Spitfire. The Hurricane was available in more numbers during the BoB ONLY because Lord Nuffield delayed production of Castle Bromwich. One wonders if he had shares in Hawker.
Camms best solution to meet the requirements of the next gen fighter would have been to update the Hurricane with a Meredith radiator scheme and and thinner wing, both problems of which he was fully aware in 1936.
Kudos to the Vintage Wings lads for their restorations.
Waowwww😮😮😮😮
Can we have a ten hour compilation next please.
Poland had ordered some Hurricane I’s. The first from RAF stocks had the 2 bladed propeller. It was to arrive September 1, 1939 at Gydnia. What happened to it is unknown.
One aircraft, L2048, was shipped "in advance" to Poland in July 1939. Presumably that's the aircraft you mean. Further batches of Mk 1s were earmarked by Hawker for the Polish contract, but Poland had collapsed before they were completed. The RAF did not at that time see any use in aircraft with instruments in Polish, so Hawker sold them to Gloster (of Gladiator fame) who converted them, and on sold them to Finland (at that stage, at war with the USSR) in 1940. Next year, Hawker was supplying Hurricanes to the Soviet air force 😊
@@mikebenson1907 Yes, that is the one, the tail number sticks in my mind. As one that builds model kits, I made a Hurricane up in 1/72,scale to resemble it, there was good reference to the camouflage of that period and I replaced the propeller with a 2 bladed type with an appropriate spinner. As it would be a test aircraft, I painted the rudder white, this is what the Poles did on prototype aircraft, and made the assumption that the first aircraft would undergo testing.
The Poles had also ordered MS 406 aircraft from France that were supposed to be shipped through Romania but the war ended that shipment as well.
the Eric Brown section wrongly says that the speed of sound reduces with height, but it is the reduction in ambient temperature that is respossible . The speed of sound is variable by temperarure...look it up
The Mossie was faster, had more firepower ,much longer range and could fly higher than any hurricane or spitfire in fighter format.
Does anyone know why the British did not utilize the Mossie to go after the German bombers instead of the Hurricanes. They could have harassed the bombers all the way home and out ran the 109 fighters and F.W. back to the relative safety of England as long as their timimg was right.
They could have lost the navigator and been a lighter aircraft.
For that matter why wasnt the Mossie used to excort the heavy bombers to their target
Until The dedicated fighters for such a mission were available ? The logistics would have been decently easy. The Mossie could have set at 30,000 ft. Or higher at the coast
Waiting for the German bombers to dive on them over the channel.
Just wondering....
We get it you love the Mosquito
Sure y'all mentioned American pilots but conveniently forgot about Poles and Czechs (and about a Czech who considered himself a Pole). I see Brits still need to come to bear with the fact other people saved their hind quarters 😂😂😂
Here is the brilliant son of Polish migrants for you. A biography video ua-cam.com/video/ghx5-FpXj2g/v-deo.htmlsi=olNz0IFHQoyvqGZM
As a brit I have the greatest of respect for Checz and Polish pilots, and the crucial role they played in the early years of the war.
Modern russia looks exactly like fascist Germany of 1940
And Modern Canada and UK are starting to look like USSR of 1940 apart from Angela Merkel's brown boyfriends everywhere.
It is P not B
Back ground music made to eradiating to watch!!!!!
@@beeleo I know. If people are going to complain about the music, at least they should know what they're talking about. And pick a video that actually has background music. Geez.
Eradiating that’s when get you too close while listening to an x ray machine
, the spitfire has a German wing🤔
Nonsense. Do some reading on the facts instead of repeating lies from Netflix pseudo-documentaries..
Frederick Lanchester, english mathematician/engineer produce a paper on the benefits of the elliptical wing in 1907. Prandtl then cribbed that and produced his own paper in 1918 called the Lanchester-Prandtl wing theory. RJ Mitchell for his part knew all about elliptical wings and had used them since the 1920's.
You mean Leigh-Mallory’s 12 Group? That’s a bit strong.
@@givenfirstnamefamilyfirstn3935 stop antagonizing people with uneducated hyperbole.
Not at all. It was elliptical but not exclusively German. Also, the Spitfire's wing was designed by Canadian engineer, Beverly Shenstone. That's a man by the way. Beverly used to be a dual sex name.