French Troops March Into Germany - After The Treaty of Versailles I THE GREAT WAR 1921
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- Опубліковано 27 тра 2021
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France was probably the Allied country hit hardest by the First World War both in economic terms and by the casualties suffered. To rebuild the country (and to prevent Germany from future aggression), their goal was clear: Germany would need to pay for the war in form of reparations. At the same time, France was involved in major international turmoil.
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» SOURCES
Buat, Edmond. Général Edmont Buat, Journal 1914-1923 (Perrin, 2015)
Héran, François. Génération sacrifiée : le bilan démographique de la Grande Guerre, (Populations et sociétés 2014 (n°510)
Leonhard, Joern. Der Ueberforderte Friden. Versailles und die Welt 1918-1923.
Marks, Sally. “Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918-1921,” in The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 85, No. 3 (September 2013), pp. 632-659
Soutou, Georges-Henri. La Grande Illusion, quand la France perdait la paix (Tallandier, 2015)
Newspaper articles from Retronews, Bibliothèque nationale de France www.retronews.fr/
Nr 247 Kabinettsitzung vom 6. Mai 1921 www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreic... )
Rothermund, Dietmar: Post-war Economies , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed. by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2018-05-22 encyclopedia.1914-1918-online...
Christophe Bellon. Aristide Briand et l'Europe au Parlement des Années folles. Quand la délibéra-tion prend le pas sur la diplomatie (1919-1932) Dans Parlement[s], Revue d'histoire politique 2007/3 (n° HS 3), pages 41 à 53
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»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Editing: Jose Gàmez
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Maps: Daniel Kogosov ( / zalezsky )
Research by: Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Channel Design: Yves Thimian
Contains licensed material by getty images
All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2021
It's interesting to see jus how quickly the wartime alliance broke down
They don't want France to be the major power in Europe. Simple. England was never a true ally.
@@mro9466 And yet, they didn't realize that giving France full responsibility to maintain peace was a big mistake.
Imagine what would happen, if all nations actually worked together during this time.
*heartening
@@emuriddle9364 yes
@@mro9466 Balance of Power, anyone?
My father told me that when they marched into Germany after the surrender parts of the Krups works had retooled to make pushbikes.
You should read, The Arms of Krupp up by William Manchester.
Bicycles could be considered a military manufacture . They were greatly used by the germans in the invasions of Belgium , Holland , Luxembourg and France in 1940 .Prior to the Great War , Britain was the leading manufacturer , and had a Bicycle Corps during that terrible conflict .A highly efficient form of transport and costing almost nothing to maintain .
France after the Great War might be the best example of modern Pyrrhic victory.
No doubt. The war in the West was fought almost entirely on French soil and was unimaginably destructive. And France lost the most soldiers as a percentage of population of all the major powers. It's a sobering experience to see the number of names on the WWI memorials of even the smallest French towns.
@@calguy3838 This was definitely a war which everyone had lost (apart maybe from USA). A mortal wound dealt to entire Europe which is causing our continent to be dying today.
@@poiuyt975 Not everyone lost, there were new independent countries in Europe after the war: Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia. These countries were not free before the war.
@@dragosstanciu9866 those countries also came out losing they were almost all enslaved the soviets union after the Second World War so like no one won from the Great War
@@criscabrera9098 They didn't know in 1919 that the USSR will occupy them after 1945.
i notice every countries reaction was based on how threatened they were by Germany
Probably they were envious, especially Britain, which was the main barrier to Germany becoming a world power.
@@amallulla2000 obviously, every country is envious of another's success
@@micahistory it may be so, but not every country is willing to go to war to prevent another from emerging. The UK did so, and in doing so, it sealed its fate to second-rate power.
@@amallulla2000 I mean Britain was really just pursuing the same foreign policy they'd had for centuries. Prevent a unified Europe. As long as no power in Europe became too dominant then they couldn't threaten Britain and her empire. Either way whether they did or didn't enter the war Britain would have ended up losing relative power. By joining the war they lost lots of money and manpower but if they'd let Germany dominate the continent then Germany could have focussed on building a navy to contest British sea power.
@@ProjectEkerTest33 what you say is true under a zero-sum game understanding of world politics. Britain could have instead embarked upon trading policies. After all, there had been a long period of peace and prosperity a few decades earlier. I suppose empires, especially when they enter their decaying stage, become paranoic and cannot stand any competition at all. Then, they become extremely dangerous.
or "how to bumble into another world war without really trying."
Just found you're channel and after a couple videos I subscribed, love your narration and the amount of detail you go into on the politics and power structures at play. Great content! Way more depth and detail than similar youtube channels.
Thanks a lot, appreciate that.
That part about Germany being bent on only revenge is incredibly ominous, especially in light of what happens later.
Foch said everything before everybody. He was right from A to Z.
@Albert Felsen wait what ? Did you listen to the video ?
True but it was a self fulfilling prophecy. The allies tried to destroy Germany with the treaty. Americans realized this and pulled out.
@@solidus1995 again I think you didn’t pay attention to the video. Clearly said Germany did everything to not pay whereas they could. Germany industrial capacities were intact. France and Belgium were destroyed. Same for UK and United States who suffered very few destructions.
@@freewal
I think you underestimate my sympathy for Germany. I'm looking at history dating back to napolean while you're simply looking at how brutal germany was during the war. My response is too bad.
Already a Nebula subscriber. I'll be watching 16 days in Berlin this weekend. Thanks for the great content!
Z s.s n
You’ll love it, it’s an awesome documentary!
Thanks for the great video. You guys do excellent work. Signed up for the Nebula/Curiosity Stream bundle... it's a great deal. I checked out the websites and was instantly glad I signed up. I hope a lot of people out there will support Nebula as well as this channel.
WWI never really ended. They just took a timeout to change leaders, and then Japan and Italy switched sides, and it was game on again. The interwar years should be nicknamed "The Great Timeout."
When you think about it, it is really is all just a continuation of the Russo-Japanese War, just a bunch of other countries joined in, changed sides, and did a ton of other stuff. But really in the end it was clearly just to see whether or not Imperial Japan could expand.
Or maybe it is all a continuation of Richelieu funding Protestant forces during the 30 Years War. 300 Years War?
Sometimes though it all seems to be just one more step in Caesar’s invasion of Gaul. You got the French on one side, and the Italians on the other. It couldn’t be more clear that Roman expansionism had finally been checked though it took nearly two millennia to do so.
We’re in halftime right now
Another fine episode TGW. Well done.
1:13 i thought that guy was holding up an Ipad for a second
He wasn’t?
Me too!!!
same
he wasnt. ipads were not yet developed in 1921, they only came around 1987 - after the war.
I just discovered the "Great war" series. And I really loved how you tell the history, without political bias or the benefit of insight with is common in that kind of narratives. There is little what I know about the "interwar" period of the Europe's history. All I know is that these struggles did not ended very well.
amazing video as always, i love these videos
Haha brilliant, I see the Cobi Mark 1 tank in the background. Glad to see you know about them too lol.
Great episode!! :)
Really liked your outro this time, it fit quite well the the funding request
great content, cudos to the team. The sound sounded weird though ... Not sure what it is.. echo may be... Hurt my ears a bit... May be some sound editing is in order
Jessie, you are doing grreat !
Thanks!
we're optimistic that Jesse will be able to film in our studio again soon
I guess every historian has his own story of how things developed, since the entire story is so very multi-layered.
Back in the 1970's at a Seder, the hostess' brother, a graduate history student, gave me his story. When the French moved in to take over German industrial production in the Ruhr, the Weimar Republic called for the workers to go on a general strike. That created a situation of massive unemployment payments with no tax revenues, which led to Germany's infamous hyper-inflation. According to his story.
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When o when are going to offer more payment methods then creditcard?
@@joostvandervelde I have the same issue. I mean it's less than 10€ so definitely worth it. Unluckily I have no credit card...
@@sgtdestiny Can't you buy a prepaid Visa card at a local store or something?
Thanks for another great video
Thank you for educate people!
I love it, such a great video
The so called "Emprunts Russes" were perhaps a bigger loss to France's economy than the war. The money sent without seing it back was still a very vivid topic in France until those bonds were finally ruled to be invalid... in 2019!
thats amazing
huh, they were a thing maybe, but to quote it as a "bigger loss than the war" has to be the most exaggerated statement of the century and some years more
my grandfather was a solder from canada, he told me that it all failed because the allies never occupied Berlin....
He was correct!
Your grandfather was right. French politicians were weak, they listened to United States and UK. They were wrong.
He was wrong! if the allies would have occupied Berlin, the Germans would have raised arms and fought for their independence.
@@user-zk5ty7pq5g
delusional the population was starving to death
Isn’t it crazy how UA-cam terms and agreements directly plays a role into starting up new applications and competition, in the industry they already dominate.
What a great lesson as always
Hello! I was wondering what happned to TGW's various social media pages? I can't find them
I signed up to Nebula still no access to the Battle of Berlin "not authorised to access" a pity I like your stuff!
1:13 it legit looks like someone in the crowd is taking a pic with an Ipad. Time travelers confirmed!
It really does!
ACTUALLY, HE WAS HOLDING UP A SIGN THAT READ, LET’S GO BRANDON! BOO-IDEN?
Excellent content as always. Maybe background sounds a little too high on some footage (which had no sound originally), but we can still understand all explanations.
I think this is de channel I like the most
What is the name of the music that begins at 18:33? So beautiful
I love your videos😍😍😍😍
I'm more impressed by someone capturing the moment using a android tablet or iPad at the 1:14 mark!
Please, the reverb. It's like I can see the sound bouncing around the room. I thought this had been solved? If no foam or room changes, please look into directional dynamic mics over condensers.
Almost as if the Allies were hoping for another world war.
hindsight is 20/20
Allies should have made germany into a rural only state and separate it into smaller countries
@@ommsterlitz1805 I agree actually, that would have led to Germany having a much higher birth rate.
@@joelrebollar7055 Yes and perfect slave workers for Russians, Benelux and French
@@ommsterlitz1805 This was the chewish plan, are u a chew?
France basically lost an entire generation of young men during WWI.
just like everyone else.
@@infanos3720
the british lost less than half the french army has. and they didnt even have civilian casualties
@@infanos3720just like germans yes
Britain a lot less
Just an aside (that you may have already addressed on future videos): the source for quotations over the black background is almost impossible to read due to the font color. Please consider changing it to white.
Background audio is bit on the loud side, at around 1:58 it took effort to hear what Jesse is saying.
"...peacefully penetrating..." There's that phrase again.
Like a mostly peaceful protest
The phrase that sounds the weirdest out of context
peaceful as in "without combat"
"Prejudices are what fools use for reason"
- Voltaire
Great job, as always.
Hope you cover India in 1921. Things were starting to heat up against British rule. Love your work
Didn't they do that already?
Germans be like : let me go wreck a bunch of stuff in France, surely this will cause no future issues
1. France was economically damaged after WW1.
2.They we given full responsibility to maintain peace in Europe, despite this.
3. Other countries weren't willing to help. Like Britain and the United States.
4. France decides to focus more on Germany.
5. Germany is trying to rebuild their country as well.
Meanwhile, America is dancing around. Enjoying the "Roaring Twenties."
Instead of helping Europe.
Hence the importance of cooperation and competence. Rather than indulgences.
Wilson poisoned that prospect. So blame it on him why the US really doesn't want to do anything with Europe...
@@axelpatrickb.pingol3228 I've heard about him. And I agree 👍
@@epg96 I can hardly think of any European country I wouldn't rather live in than the US.
I stayed in the barracks in the city of Worms which the French occupied at this time. This was in the 90s when it was still operationall. I lived in them just before they were decommissioned.
What does RSFSR stand for at 6:20?
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
2:40
Why weren't those added statistics done for Germany and Britain, as well? Would be interesting to get the stat. Figures for Germany and Britain.
With or without the Allied hunger blockade after the war?
Shug up germ
@ 1:13/4, it looks like theres a person in the crowd taking a photo with an ipad or tablet 😂
6:40 - Anthony Hopkins photobombing Briand and Lloyd George.
These times were just wild
Plz have the sound sorted.
No point trying to change someone's mind when it is not only closed but nailed shut.
Instead why don't you tell us what the Allies should have done instead?
the problem with the allis is that they couldn't agree on the peace
5:54
One mistake at the start of the video: French troops did not march into the Reich because at that point, it was still the Weimar Republic
It was officially called the German Reich. In English the country was usually simply called "Germany"; the term "Weimar Republic" did not become common in English until the 1930s.
At 1:13 , is that an IPad?
Everybody talks about how unfair the reparations where on Germany but AFAIK When adjusted for inflation and exchange rates what the French paid after the Franco-Prussian War was higher than what Germany paid after World War I.
And the territorial losses they suffered where smaller and not as damaging than what was forced on Russia at Brest-Litvosk.
Germany deserved it
Now Austria...
Austria got completely cucked
@@hisstatus how did Germany deserve it? They never even started the war
Reparations is one thing but assigning blame is another. I mean Germany is willing to pay the reparations but apparently blame must be placed even though it is used to justify reparations (like it needs more justification).
Brest-Litvosk never happend.
@@ludwig4851 That is just denial.
2:13 Wasn’t it 65 million in 1910?By 1914 almost 68 million.
Is the guy at 1.13 taking a photo with an IPad?
Time traveler Alert! 1:13 a man holds up an iPad to snap a pic of the parade.
The occupation of Germany was a massive blunder by France/Belgium.
It humiliated the German government and the extremes (far right and far left) had a field day with them.
They deserved it
And what were they supposed to do? Just accept that the victory they had fought for 4 years with so much sacrifice was meaningless?
@@ingi1095 Except they had no total victory, more like a stalemate. And occupying a country achieves nothing unless they were going to commit genocide, which nobody would have tolerated.
@@Bahamut3525 still won
@@Bahamut3525No they had a decisive victory, they had broken the Germans on the western front, all Germanys allies had given up, their population was starving and their southern flank was exposed to Italy and Serbia, if Germany kept fighting they would’ve collapsed in a couple months ago
1:42 : the circles sizes are not accurate.
British circle should be far smaller
I wasn't aware France and Belgium re-occupied cities post-peace. TIL. Thanks.
they should have annexed it and build a defense there
@@AixlaachenPax1801 why?
they killed a bunch of Germans there too.
@@juanzulu1318 Because glorious Confederation of Rhine against ottomans with Russia and France is what i love to see the Prussian Anacharsis Cloots was right France and Germany never should have went in war against one another but help each other to go east
@@AixlaachenPax1801 What kind of gibberish is this?
Deja vu!
The Royal Newfoundland Regiment
On July 1, 1916 was massacred on the opening day of the battle of the Somme. Out of 801 soldiers - demographically significant - on 68 could answer Roll Call the next day. Newfoundland was the only Regiment outside England to receive the Royal title for that battle. Sadly my Dominion of Newfoundland went bankrupt because of its WWI debts and was given to Canada by the British Parliament.
Hi
Imagine disliking a 20 min video 2 min after its uploaded
Imagine being high of your mind and your problems still don’t go away,that’s my life
Not continuing to occupy the Ruhr changed my life.
A video about the romanian partisans comanded by Victor Popescu would be great.
Tomorrow is the day of the treaty of Versailles
This is so sad
6:42 dude look and tell me that ain't low- key Joseph Stalin on the left.
Hahaha naaaa
👏👏👏
The deaths in France fell almost exclusively on young men. Meaning hundreds of thousands of young women were without husbands or perspective husbands. It’d be interesting to know how that impacted French society. Did polygamy become temporarily popular?
I don’t know, just let them duke it in another 20 years I guess
I miss Indie Nidel
Life Great German.. im Asian, but im German side.
If only I could subscribe to Nebula and Curiosity stream with PayPal
In 2039 channel will change its name to The Second War
The "Not so great but still pretty okay war"
@@user-cq1cw8xz7f pretty alright*
Albert Leo Schlageter. An hero not to be forgotten💪🔥🔥
Historically, all treaties and protocols "mutually agreed and signed" are always subject to change through the prospect of renegotiation at a later stage. The supposedly weaker parties always try to renege on their "obligations" imposed upon them, as soon as the circumstances and the balance of power are more favourable to them. Post-brexit UK is not an exception.
Well, France still paid its dues to Germany in full after its defeat in 1870-71. Even though the amount demanded by Germany then, relative to the intensity, duration, casualties and land devastation (so, none in Germany for that last one), was proportionally far worse than the ones imposed by the initial Versailles treaty. The initial Versailles demand that ended up getting continually scaled down even before the Ruhr occupation anyway.
Exactly. The Germans were extremely sore and that's about it.@@samarkand1585
Versailles was to kind with german but also to harsh, this compromise gave the Germans the opportunity to rearm and this harshness the will.
If the French had seen their request accepted and Germany punished very severely there would surely not have been a war so quickly, if the French had given in to the Anglo Saxons perhaps the inevitable war could have been delayed. This in-between is the cause of the 2nd World War.
unspecified sum to be negotiated later...... 👍👍
Why is UA-cam so scared of actual history? I hear several History UA-camrs complain of this. How about UA-cam taking a break?
You have to wonder what these revolutionary groups were thinking they were going to achieve. So they overthrow the government, then what? They're still a broken and weak country that can't resist Allied demands all that much. What was their plan, incite some popular uprising to restart the fighting to get the French to back off?
But then a new dude would get to be on top of the pile of ashes I guess
Im like wait wheres indie nidel
Billion. How much is a "billion"?
There are two different definitions of a "billion": a million millions (the common European standard -- 10^12 ( (10^6)^2 = 10^12) or the American standard (and now the British standard since 1974) of a mere THOUSAND millions (10^9).
In the system of a billion being a million millions, a BILLION means a million SQUARED. Thus in that system of naming numbers every single large-number name tells you exactly how many times greater that number is to a million -- centillion is (10^6) ^100 = 10^600. The American system of stepping only 1,000 each time comes up with a lower number that's too difficult to calculate.
What happened to indy
132 Milliarden.....10⁹, not 10¹².
How long was Germany expected to keep paying per the armistice agreements?
The London schedule imposed Germany to pay 3 bln goldmarks or 716 mln dollars annually up to 1958. The rest of the reparation debt (82 bln goldmarks) had to be repaid in the period after 1958. Likely to be repaid in a period stretching far into the 21st century. The annual payment of 3 bln goldmarks amount to about 7,5% of Germany’s national income. Think about what Greece nowadays has to pay back to Europe for the coming 20-30 years, about 4% of its national income annually...
@@marcschramm6958 thank you-seems to be quite unreasonable and I can't understand on someone would think it would work.
@@danreed7889 Tbh, Germany had to make the last payment in 2010 for these debts. I remember this being in the news here.
@@danreed7889 Actually Germany had the ability to pay most of it off but chose not to, Germany devastated so much of France and killed do many Frenchman that it makes perfect sense for them to pay up.
why did the allies demand reparations paid in german currency? isn't that a rookie mistake?
No. The other options were to pay in gold, in natural resources or in a third countries currency. Germany didn't have any of those options in 1921.
Also, the German currency they were referring to was the "Goldmark", i.e. the pre-War currency that had been part of the international gold standard. As such, it meant that they had to pay in an internationally accepted, convertible currency.
Weapons should change name to defenders people they should be proud to their Defenders xD
Real time history? Then you should know Germany finished paying WW1 reparations in 2010.
They were lowered or stopped then never actually paid the full amount
I clicked faster then the Germans future invasion of Denmark (I am first)
Some Austrian painter was taking notes.....
Ex soldier
France had forced Prussia to pay an indemnity following her defeat during the Napoleonic wars... Prussia then forced France to pay a larger indemnity following the Franco Prussian war, while adding a bit of humiliation by declaring German unity in the Hall of Mirrors. France then forced Germany to pay an even larger indemnity following WW1, and added a bit of humiliation by forcing them to agree to it in the same room they had declared their unity. Germany occupies France in 1941, and then adds a bit of humiliation by making them sign their surrender in the exact same place as Germany had signed the armistice the stopped WW1.
There is something you miss here. The level of destructions on France and Belgium and the number of victims. Germany totally destroyed
It’s not even imaginable what they did. There are some photos, but I think their attitude was criminal knowing they lost the war after summer 1918. Any normal human could not have any pity after the VOLUNTARY destruction of thousand of km2 : bridges, schools, factories, agriculture fields, even fruit trees. WW1 is incomparable to 1870 and Napoleonic wars on the scale of destructions.
And in 1945 Germany was forced to pay reparations again (though they deserved it that time) and was divided while the very concept of Prussia was destroyed as Prussian culture was blamed for everything
@@jonathanwilliams1065 After 1918 they deserved it too. I think you didn’t pay attention to the video.
@@freewal I did pay attention
They did not deserve to pay massive amounts of money they did not have, and could not obtain without making their people suffer if at all
But the French were determined to make the Germans suffer
@@jonathanwilliams1065 nah they could have pay. It’s clearly said. France was trained after 1815 and 1871 and paid to the last cents raising enormous tax. 1815 is by far the biggest war indemnity in history compared to the state budget. Germany did everything to not pay aven after having thousands of km2 in France and Belgium. I level of destruction never seen in history. Worst in summer 1918, knowing they were defeated, German soldiers voluntarily destroyed everything behind them.
Bicycles, warfare think. Shanghai.
They also waited till Germany was disarmed and reduced in size. If they didn't it could have restarted the war, and this time with less allies for the French.
At the situation they were at they would have had no way to resist the French, even if they'd been alone
The demand for complete disarmament of Germany was not unreasonable.
@Cliff Adams Cos they were a MENACE to their neighbours , you simpleton
In the late twenties, the German military made an audit to determine the capacity of Germany to fight a war. The military concluded that in case of an attack from France, there would be enough bullets to resist one full day. Less than ten years later, Germany started to occupy, annex, conquer, all its neighbours. Thank you United Kingdom and United States for not caring about this.
With only a weak and young Poland and a completely disarmed Germany in the way, Stalin would have conquered all of Europe.