The Little Ice Age: Climate Change - World History - Part 1 - Extra History
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- Опубліковано 7 лют 2025
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Welcome to the 'Little Ice Age', where climate changes sent the world into unpredictable patterns. From clergy exorcising glaciers to communities torn apart by unusual weather phenomena, delve into a chilling era of Earth's history and the profound impact it has on civilizations. ⛪🌬️
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:D
Another day another amazing series 🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤
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I Hope they talk about how the Stradivarius production may have been affected by climate era. I have heard some theories that the reason these instruments are unique is due to the wood being used to make them was affected by the cold climate at the time among other theories on the use of chemicals or the talent of the maker himself.
I like how you mentioned the legend of Zelda tears of the kingdom because I am playing it as I was listening to this, trying to 100% tears hopefully I can finish before 2024 that is not a joke this a lot to do.
Most historians focus mainly on human events, and ignore the broader macrohistorical forces that can shape our lives like climate or disease. Kudos to you Extra History for covering the Little Ice Age.
Disease is fascinatingly and depressingly prevalent in history. Pick a historical event; there was probably an epidemic/pandemic preceding or following it which greatly effected the era
One thing that I find interesting is the changes that happened to landscapes within human timescales, that are usually completely ignored or downplayed anywhere that stuff is portrayed. Things like rivers shifting course, coastlines that change, lakes that disappear, etc... A historical map using modern-day topography is wrong & leads to false interpretations.
Fun fact. The yellow turban rebellion happened only a few years after the death of Marcus Aurelius, which implies an environmental connection between the three kingdoms period and the Third Century Crisis.
@@sgtjohnson49 One standout example was Woodrow Wilson getting the Spanish flu. The complications of the flu made Woodrow Wilson erratic and inflexible and eventually led to the stroke that crippled him. This all derailed his efforts to get America into the League of Nations, which may have led to WW2. One man's illness may have set the stage for an even worse global conflict than WW1.
We are a very autistic people, we cannot see the bigger picture
Guys, you have got to look up "March across the belts." It is honestly one of the coolest stories that came as a consequence of the Little Ice Age. Due to it being colder, a swedish army was capable of marching across the ice of the baltic with cannons, wagons, horses and all for 16 DAYS. From island to island, all the way to Copenhagen. The peace treaty giving the last puzzle pieces for that of which is now today Sweden's modern borders.
I love the only thing that could finally stop the infamous danish navy was the weather itself
"coolest" stories, hah
Från tåget över Bält
Stred vid Lund, på Narvas fält
Yes the event that made the Danes to come up with a law that allows anyone to beat a Swedish person with a stick if they ever come to Denmark by crossing the Baltic when it's frozen. Atleast according to the SATW webcomic.
Yep that’s a cool story. They were marching across the ice and were so heavy they were up to their knees at times.
Or the Netherlands were ice covered all winter and they got food at ice skating and hence all the clogs
The academic interplay between Extra History and my collegiate courses I’ve been taking these past 3 years has been so helpful and such a wonderful coincidence
I learned about the year without a summer (1816) about a year ago and it was so interesting to learn how one volcano (Mt Tambora) could change so much for society.
And how many times it could have affected without humans ever knowing. Think the year 536, where a sharp drop in temperatures and failing crops, leaving europeans completely puzzled, not knowing it might have been caused by a volcano erupting in a part of the world they didn't even know existed.
I believe it was called A Year without a Summer because of how much CO2 was released by Mt Tambora caused global temperatures to decrease.
It would be sulphates and dust that would reduce the temperature. The CO2 output would cause warming, though one little tiny super-eruption wouldn’t really be noticeable.
@@benoithudson7235 ah that’s what I was looking for, I knew it was something other than CO2 just couldn’t think of the term. I should of said volcanic ash
@@benoithudson7235 Hum. What would happen if we spread dust like a volcano... Global Warming solved?
(It's a dumb idea, I was just wondering)
One of the wildest theories I've seen is that the Columbian Exchange [of plagues] suddenly depopulating the civilizations living in the Amazon Basin, left land that had been agricultural for centuries to re-wild and the sudden (over a century) regrowth of the Amazon rainforest sucked so much carbon out of the air that the climate cooled.
Then came colonial lumber Jack's that cut down an exceptional amount of mature trees and a silly amount of saplings took their place strengthening the exsisting forest
Sounds like a neat theory at first but doesn't really work when you take into account that Little Ice Age started in 1300s/1400s. Besides, even if it had only began in 1600s, that's way too little time for CE to affect climate enough to cause LIC. There's also some evidence in Mayan and Aztec chronicles of LIC in Mesoamerica.
you think the medieval warm period ended because of the mongol conquest killing tens of millions of people?
Seems like an interesting theory, would be cool to go have a look. But there are many such points in time that I would love to visit, emphasis on the "visit" part, because the past was the absolute worst.
@@atlanciaza the theory is based on soil analysis I believe they found significant signs of artificial composting
It caused grapes to be difficult to grow from most northern regions of Europe, which changed their drinking culture. They substituted grains to brew beer and distill hard alcohol. It went from wine to beer and liquor. So the effects are still with us.
OOOooo! Would have been a good tie into our History of Beer Series.
Hope you talk about how the Stradivarius production may have been affected by climate era. I have heard some theories that the reason these instruments are unique is due to the wood being used to make them was affected by the cold climate at the time; among other theories on the use of chemical treatment or smoking the wood, or the talent of the maker himself.
What is a stradivarius?
@@rajukoley9249 it’s basically a violin (among other string instruments) but supposedly sounds different than a regular one.
I believe it has a Wikipedia article on it if you want the details but long story short an Italian family produced string instruments in 17 and 18th century.
While it is disputed a lot of musicians believe that one member of this family created instruments completely unique and superior to other similar ones. They can go for millions of dollars if sold or auctioned off. One of current theories about why they are so good is the wood used in their construction is denser than normal and thus enhancing the sound of the instrument
@@Nostripe361 neat I am pretty sure scishow made a video about it that I watched years ago don't know the type of violins name that they talked about is it the violin your talking about.
In double-blind studies they've proven that Strads don't sound any different from other violins, so I doubt it.
@@Chameleonred5 As a guitar player, that smacks a bit of people insisting that an original Klon Centaur sounds totally different that any klone on the market because of the "tRanSiStOrS bRo" (typically while using the Klon as a clean boost and therefore keeping said transistors out of the circuit entirely 😂 ). The fact that they paid $8000 for their pedal definitely had nothing to do with what they imagine it sounds like. Audiophiles in every genre are always insisting they hear a huge difference in their equipment even where none can be shown to exist.
Thank you so much for creating a new series about the Little Ice Age! I been looking for more information that is found on videos for my Environmental History class from university. My professor and classmates would love watching this series so much.
Thanks so much for being here!
I love this! I was literally thinking yesterday how interesting the little ice age is, and how I wish someone could make a video about it! Thanks Extra History!
Anytime!
Very excited for this series, it's always fascinating to see how geologic and climatic processes interact and influence human history.
We can't wait to drop the rest of the episodes! It was a really intersting research topic for us.
@@extrahistory No problem, thanks for responding! Also looking forward to your series on Wu Zetian as well!
I'm doing a phd in history and particulary focus on climate and environmental history, so it's really great to see these topics get discussed and highlighted. If anyone is recommended in more topics like these, I would recommend Francis Ludlow on medieval climate history, or John McNeill, particularly to focus on the role of the environment during the twentieth century.
Bro threw holy water at snow and ice and expected it to melt💀
Water from a nuclear reactor would have worked
The fact that the villagers refused to pay taxes until the government does something is something I wish we practiced today.
Jail :3
We still can.
Yeah I thought the same thing
@Gagg3dthey can’t arrest everyone
Love your videos guys! This seried will be awesome! Cant never get enough of your work 🎉🎉🎉🎉❤❤❤❤
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Thank you so much!
@@extrahistory Always! Huge fan!
My history teacher glossed over this literally two days ago haha, thank ya for covering it :)
Oooh, this is going to be a great series! I'm excited to learn more about this period of history. Seems like a lot of important lessons in adaptation we need to learn.
This is one of the unknown events that really shaped the period
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That's because you're probably only like 14 or something, this cooling of the planet was a topic all the way up until the 1980s.
@@markmower1746 I was implying that most people don’t know of this topic. As for my age I’m presently studying history in college. And for your information I was winning history competitions when I was 14
@@generalsmite7167 yeah most of the clueless are under 40 years of age. Global cooling and history of ice ages were a big topic back 40 years ago. Now it's all about the "religion" of global warming.
@@markmower1746 The Little Ice Age ended in 1850. I don't believe it was in any way connected to the brief period in time where a small minority of scientific papers predicted global cooling in the 1960s-70s.
That Tears of the Kingdom reference was so well-placed!
Thank you for all you do
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Thank you for all the kind words!
Thank you for all the kind words!
@@extrahistorybot
@@extrahistorycould you also focus more on the tropics for this series
The science dive was quite interesting, be cool to do more videos on chemistry/physics effect on history
We would love to but It's always hard finding the right writers and funding to do more episodes.
"The Little Ice Age" - when mammoths were really really small
4:21 HAHAHA Wasn’t expecting that! 😂
You guys turn history into a cozy world we get to explore
Thank you!
Just wanted to throw out there that when discussing science and science adjacent things avoid using the word "theory" when you mean hypothesis or guess. Theories in science are facts and the phrase "it's just a theory" is a common talking point for evolution deniers to try and discredit evolution, so when you use theory like that it can help cloud the waters on what Scientific Theories actually are.
I love how the little ice age is. Very interesting history!
Didn't exped an Extra History video to turn into a geophysics/astromomy lesson. Love it!
This is one of my favourite topics! Especially because it bleeds into so much of their every day lives, including fashion and culture
The cultural effects are still with us. Alcohol for one. Nothern Europe went from wine to beer due to the difficulty of growing grapes to the now colder climate.
Like they did before, we must all pray together so to stop this global warming!
Climate-Change-Tutorials with Humorr mixed in: Upisnotjump,
Hbomberguy, Climate Town
the northen pole ice doesnt raise the sea level , but only the melting in Antarticas and Greenlands ice because this ice are on land and when it melts it adds to the water to the seas rather than the northen pole that is a sea and therefore already included in the total war level. Hope to include in future video!
thermal expansion. colloquial greenland is part of the northern pole.
One way in which sea ice can contribute to sea level rise is because it is present at places where land ice meets the sea, such as in the case of Greenland (and the sea along antarctica). There it can slow down the motion of land glaciers, like a buttplug stuck in a drain can hold back water draining. If you remove that buttplug of ice in the sea, land ice starts flowing into the sea at an increasing rate.
@argacyan hey, I don’t think “buttplug” is the right word u want to use there LMAO
God coming in clutch for the towns right here.
You love to see it
This is actually really interesting. Thanks, dude 🤙
Nice video! :D
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HOW DID YOU WATCH THIS 16 HOURS BEFORE THE VIDEO GOT OUT HOWWWWWW
Fascinating that GRRM seemed to incorporate the Little Ice Age into ASOIAF, whether intentional or not. The books start with an unusually long summer like the medieval warm period and then go into a long winter
A Song of Ice and Fire is heavily inspired by England during the lead up (and commencement) of England's civil war. I have to imagine it's intentional.
@@rgb3304 which civil war, there were 5 bruh
@@DocEnderThe Wars of the Roses (1455-1487).
A slight correction at 6:53
If you put water into sulphuric oxide, it sulphurous acid H2SO3, not sulphuric acid H2SO4, which only forms if a catalyst is present.
Love the Not Just Bikes shoutout. The channel that almost singlehandedly radicalized me against car-centric city planning.
How radical are you though. Not as radical as me I bet
@@bens5859Jokes on you I'm way more radical!
@@kakahass8845 nuh uhhhhh
@@bens5859So you also want a worldwide socialist revolution?
there's this one game that has a premise that the Little Ice Age was just a prelude to an ACTUAL Ice Age that froze over the entire northern Hemisphere and you play as the leader of a group of Survivors fleeing London to a massive Coal Generator to try and survive. it recently had a sequel that takes place 30 years later where the leader of the first game has passed away and you play as his Civilian Government Successor because up till then it was an emergency Military Dictatorship and now you not only have to survive, but learn to Thrive in the new World of Frost and Ice. the Series is called Frostpunk and they're some pretty good games full of moral questions about how far to go in the name of survival and prosperity.
An Series about Osman the 1 would be great and interesting
And a series about Ismail Shah, founder of the Safavid Dynasty of Persia.
I remember a theory from my World History since 1500 class that a potential contributor to the Little Ice Age was the mass depopulation of the Americas due to the introduction of diseases from Europe. The Americas saw a 90% drop in the Human population, which meant mass reforestation of urban areas and a drop in man-made CO2 emissions.
Unlikley man made emissions at that time were not enough at all to have an effect on the climate.
A nice theory but sadly in the south americas they cultivated their crops amongst the trees rather than clearing large areas for mono-crop arable farmland, so there wasnt much forest regrowth going on. The global cooling started a couple of centuries before Columbus and the population in Asia and Europe was also growing by 25-50% per century during the period. My theory from looking at dates of the coldest winters was theres a high correlation with a pattern of coming roughly two years after major volcanic eruptions on the opposite side of the planet with the ash thrown up being carried by atmospheric winds.
In that thesis it’s not really the reforestation that is presumed to be the affect, it’s the century of drop off of raised C02 level through the constant forest burn practices
i remember that Genghis khan did something similar he ended up killing so many farmers that the unused field reforested and helped cool the planet
That seems unlikely given that people in the Americas pre-European contact weren't generally in the habit of clearing huge swaths of woodland for agriculture. Even where there was agriculture, mound building, and other infrastructure, the deforestation wasn't nearly significant enough to have such a large effect on the climate.
Climatology and it’s impact on history is incredibly important and not discussed enough in vernacular history. In the 6th century there was a period of drastic cooling most likely to volcanic activity.
The shift in climate meant smaller crop yields in the eastern roman. It created better also helped spread the first bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) by creating better conditions for fleas. The cooling climate also drove more Slavic tribes south into the empire causing more political strife.
Even worse, the cooling lead to an increase in rain in the Arabian peninsula. Which met better crop yields and larger population which set the stage for the Arab/Muslim conquest.
Kinda fucked up that you say the spread of Islamic Civilization is “even worse” than famine and disease… the scientific, cultural, and artistic output of that culture kept the light of humanity and civilization alive when Europe was going through really rough times - the Early Middle “Dark” Ages, and knowledge from the Muslim world paved the way for the Renaissance and later helped bring about the Enlightenment that we still benefit from today. Let’s not forget the good things about it just because that part of the world has its problems and regression today. They’re worse off now than historically because of the dominance of backwards religious extremists dominating their politics (largely due to western manipulation btw), which wasn’t always the case.
To whoever reads this, thank you🙏. For seven years now, you folks at Extra Credit have taught me that such history doesn't go away when you get out of bed, don't end up stranded horrified with each stone on the stage, my little ice age
Very interesting video, can’t waiting to see what else y’all discuss.
Hbomberguy
Our current "crisis" is not caused by people, its just the earth going through its normal heating and cooling cycle like it has been doing as long as the planet has been in existence
I was just reremembering this event and now this.
Nice.
IIRC during the coldest period the Baltic Sea in the winter was traversable on foot/sled. People were building temporary taverns in the middle of it.
The first story really shows how prevalent religion used to be. And how the trope of religious civs trying to cure unknown phenomena with prayers and rituals is actually realistic
Giving me strong Kurzgesagt vibes in a good way with this series. Looking forward to the rest of it!
Can it give Kurzgesagt vibes in a bad way?
We LOVE Kurzvesagt! Thanks so much for the compliment!
@@genovayork2468lately they’ve not been great. Pretty much every other video is aliens or something they’ve already done
I mean- One thing that often Stood out to me is How often the hestorical records would note ”How terrebley cold this winter is”. Granted, my Viewpoint comes from Swedish and nordic history where winter often was terreble but have also been used strategicy and/or by luck
Karl X for example marched across the frocen sea in order to outmanover the Danish
And in 1867 Sweden had a terreble fammen Cuz the weather was crazy for three years in a row
Thanks for posting❤❤
Awesome content! Thank you!
Thanks for watching!
This a great video I just find it funny it pops up just after alternate history hub made a video on “the most underrated era in history.” That touched a bit on little ice age..I hope to see more videos about this era.
We got four of them! See you next week for #2.
I haven’t watched extra history in a long time so I’m so I’m binging a bunch of videos this is video 2
Awesome thanks 👍
I learned more science than history in this episode
I love it
a lot of people claim to understand climate change but when you view the history of it like this video has you understand how little we actually know or understand while also realizing how much more inquisitive we should be
Nope. Librarys can be filled with all our knowledge on the topic. Scientists are ont clueless,
youve just been lied to that they often/always are
Get educated
As a totk play I can confirm it should be in history
In my hometown there was an event called "östanbäcksupproret" (the uprising of Östanbäck, a village) where hundreds of starving farmers from the villages north of the city marched with pikes, spades and rifles to demand that the rich stop selling all the breadsupply at a high price, especially to travellers. Hearing of this, the city prepare for a war and bring out the canons and evacuate the area they arrive at, only for the farmers to only yell at the citadins. There was one injured citadin that got a rock at her head, but no real battle happened. But change did come, more food was given to charities and distributed to starving people. And now we have a great story to tell. This happened during the little ice age.
Do you have plans to add captions back to your videos like the older ones have? I definitely notice the absence and miss them
this is really cool
I'm working in my history master thesis on analysis of 100 years of tax records yet not published. So far I can agree, "The little ice age" had a huge impact on day to day life.
Among many other influenced pieces of history, it would be interesting to explore how badly the coldest period affected Scandinavia, possibly acting as a driving influence on the Great Northern War. Perhaps the Swedes were so determined to hold on to the Southern shores of the Baltic because they felt an acute need for a better source of cropland.
Heyyy... Will this series focus on only Europe and China like all other videos..? I wanted to see if these had any consequences on more tropical regions.. I mean tropics are always warm but Ive never really seen anyone talk about how climate affected early history in tropical regions
The problem here might be getting any records, much less reliable records. The jungle isn't very forgiving to most of those.
And considering the different sources they have to pull together from regions where we have more records for this puzzle? I'd say it is very difficult to get something together about the tropical regions.
Just a guess mind you.
Fun fact: The little ice age in the 18th century is cited as one of the reasons why the enlightenment was such a powerful cultural phenomenon, coinciding with an increase in colonization. Farmers became merchants and traders as their field s lay barren and dry, and more people had time to sit in coffee shops and talk about philosophy or do math. Slave labor in the Caribbean and other tropical plantations didn't hurt, either
I grieve in stereo, the stereo sounds strange
I know that if you hide, it doesn't go away
If you get out of bed, and find me standing all alone
Open-eyed, burn the page, my little ice age
Correcrion: The -1.5 to -2 figure is incorrect for the entire world, looking at the estimated global temperature average the drop was more around -0.2. The drop in temperature was most pronounced in the North Atlantic region though, where I'd imagine the figure would be more accurate, alongside Europe and North America, given their weather, especially Europe's is heavily influenced by the North Atlantic. Iceland and Greenland would have been affected especially hard by this too, given their mild climate is reliant upon the North Atlantic to moderate its temperature.
You shouldnt trash on the word "theory" too much. a modern theory is the most accepted explanation of what we observe. Gravity, Evolution, Atomic Theory, Quantum Mechanics, all Theory's, all of them are the best explanation for what we are able to observe.
TLDR: The Swiss prayed so hard for the glaciers to stop and pull back that now we are running out of glaciers.
Hamburger
Relatable
The sad thing is, the glacier at the beginning, called "the Sea of Ice", has shrunk so much we think it may disappear during the coming years, due to a very different form of climate change. Chamonix is in the Alps and is the birthplace of alpinism (one ot them at least), and also home to one of the biggest ski resorts in Europe. But global warming has caused the snow line in the Alps and other mountain ranges to retreat and is threatening the future of many of these stations, with hundreds of thousands of jobs at risk of disappearing.
Chamonix was also the site of the very first Winter Olympics.
Climate better think twice before coming at us with another ice age!
:P
I learned about the bishop at Chamonix exorcizing the glacier back in college in the 90s
Cool
E
"Radioactive sun"??? Quite literally yes, as in, emits EM radiation, but (most) of the energy comes from nuclear fusion and isn't dependent on radioactive decay... Sorry to point it out, I'm a long time viewer and don't want to bring anyone down, thanks for the vids, shalom (peace)
Indeed. The earth as a whole gets ~50% of its energy from radioactive heavy elements within the mantle/core, but such heating should be fractions of fractions of a percent in the sun.
That would be an interesting town to move into. "Welcome new neighbors. Hope you like it here and live a good God fearing life. If not then that glacier will come down and crush us all."
"Thanks. I think I'm moving now."
10,000 years ago there were 2+ miles of ice over the location of my home. I t came and went without human intervention. If we could eliminate all C02, killing off all life, would the ice return? Is there a normal temperature? If so what should it be? How many scientists make a good living off government funding.....
You’ve got to mention Charles X march across the danish belts in a later episode, it’s a great example of massive freezing
I just started this unit for my ap history class.
Love this Video ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
I’ve always wondered: what stuff are you guys willing to cover in Extra History. Are you willing to talk about the most gruesome moments in history to serve as a reminder and lesson for generations to come?
The idea of a glacier moving forward in a visible amount year by year is crazy to me.
I thought the little ice age was a local phenomena (focused on some parts of the north hemisphere) and that global temps were not that affected..
Climate-Change-Tutorials with Humorr mixed in: Upisnotjump,
Hbomberguy, Climate Town
Could you please do a video of the indus valley civilization my friend is having trouble in social studies so I wanted to help her, great video!
If there’s anything to learn from this series it’s that I’m glad I don’t live in the 1300’s
Love the Tears of the Kingdom shout out
PANR has tuned in.
@@extrahistory
I think he means hypothesis because theory does mean that it does have quite a bit of evidence to it and nothing in science is sacred. But I think he means hypothesis although theories are basically hypotheses with lots and lots and lots and lots and lots and lots of evidence behind them. But if we want to use it correctly he means hypothesis.
>nothing in science is sacred
Except apocalyptic man made global warming.
It doesn't matter how little we understand, how many times our computer models are proven inadequate, or how many mysteries there are surrounding the fundamental properties of water vapor. Nor does it matter how hypocritical the 'leaders' of the movement are, how loose they are with the truth, or how easily thy dismiss or suppress data that disagrees with them. To question AGW is to question the 'consensus', the 'science', and to endanger the earth. It doesn't matter how environmentally friendly your IRL lifestyle is - so much as disbelieving AGW is enough to get branded as a heretic, defunded, and ostracized.
whoa i remember crash course world history also did an episode on the little ice age
tempted to put frostpunk sfx over the part at the start because DAMN it would fit
Please do the Greek war of independence of 1821 against the ottoman empire next
I've been asking for this since the first episodes of the sengoku Jidai!
Cool!
i was told in history that there was a glacier that melted and changed the salt content in the water causing the flow of water to go back to normal, which was going wrong at the time?
i cant remember what class during history it was, may have been this period?
Awesome
Are these coming back to podcasts?
Cool Hard Logic has my favorite video of the Chamonix glaciers
Its so sad at chamonix, they have marked where the glacier was and where it is now. You see how it has melted like ten meters in just five years.
I love your video
He really wanted to exorcis the glacier.😂😂
A musket shot’s distance EVERY day?!? No wonder they thought it directly from their higher power. 🤯
One of my favourite lecturers at university was an expert on this topic, specifically the Norse settlement of Iceland and Greenland so if you cover those it's mad to think you probably read his work
I don’t know why people outside scandinavia focus so much on the Little Ice Age or cold for the failure of the Greenlandic settlements. It failure just goes so perfect with the political situation and economics.
Greenland was established because ofthe riches found in ivory and pelt.
The activity there had been going down for a few hundred years when 1400 comes rolling around, as Europe oppened new trade rutes that made greenlandic ivory and pelt less valuable. Then when Norway joined the Kalmar Union trade was restricted so that they could not trade directly with Iceland. Instead all trade had to go through traders in Bergen -Norway.
Those traders were then killed during a raid as part of the Hansactic wars, which effectivly isolated Greenland.
7:10 Crazy that a section of time noted for its warmer temperatures was actually cooler than it is now. Christ, we've made a mess of things.
I noticed that too!