9. Gluconeogenesis from lactate, glycerol, propionyl coA and glucogenic amino acids

Gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrates precursors
Precursors/ substrates includes
1. Lactate
2. Glycerol
3. Propionyl coA
4. Glucogenic amino acids
Not exactly reversal of glycolysis
3 irreversible steps in glycolysis reversed by 4 important enzymes
1. Pyruvate carboxylase
2. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
3. Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
4. Glucose 6 phosphatase
Gluconeogenesis
Site - cytosol/ mitochondria
Mostly in Liver and to some extent in renal cortex
1. Important source of glucose during starvation after depletion of glycogen ( after 18 hrs)
2. Important source of energy for brain and RBCs
Energy utilized - 6 ATP/ glucose synthesis
Regulation
1. Induction and repression
Insulin represses pyruvate carboxylase
Glucagon induces
2. Covalent modifications
By phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of enzymes by hormones
Glucagon phosphorylate enzymes and activates
3. Allosteric activation
By acetyl coA
And inhibition by F2,6 BP

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[@Rajesh_Jambhulkar]

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Check the Bisphosphoglycerates.
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[@Rajesh_Jambhulkar]

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After 48 hours, major site for gluconeogenesis is kidney?

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Could u make a video for glucose alanine cycle too

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No there is 5 substrates and the 5th is pyruvic acid

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[@ketolomics]

Starvation? Not necessary. This pathway is activated during carbohydrate restriction: even when fully fed. Another way of saying it is that gluconeogenesis supplies 100% of the body's glucose requirements in the absence of dietary glucose challenge. Dietary glucose must be cleared quickly from plasma by insulin action. Abstaining from dietary sugars keeps insulin normal. This allows the body to rely on fatty acid beta oxidation, hepatic ketogenesis, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Note that the fully fed state of ketogenesis is the opposite of starvation: fully fed but fewer than 25g carbohydrate. Consumption of excess carbohydrate causes insulin surge which shuts down fatty acid beta oxidation, ketogenesis, and gluconeogenesis. Since this pathway is successfully exploited for treatment of epilepsy and type 2 diabetes, maybe it should at least be mentioned?

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Sir lysine is also exclusively ketogenic

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Sir plzz explain the whole process of gluconeogeneis from ketogenic amino acid?

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hey buddy
ketogenic amino acids cannot act as substrate for gluconeogenesis

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