I really recommend this course. Learn so so so much from his course. Honestly, I have never paid any online course, except this one. I am a vet from Taiwan. I think there is no one vet training in Taiwan knowing more than Igor. This definitely needs someone has been trained intensively so that he knows which parts in routine may confuse us so that he can use simple way to let us understand easily.
I appreciate your feedback, my friend. I am so glad you are enjoying the "Small Animal Electrolyte and Acid-Base Mastery: Certification Course". This means a lot to me. Anyone who wants to learn more about it - watch this free workshop here - academy.vetemcrit.com/free-workshop-opt-in
Thanks for your question. I hope I understood it correctly, but let me know if you meant something else. PPV, or positive pressure ventilation, can significantly impact the pulmonary parenchyma, which is the functional tissue of the lungs responsible for gas exchange. Let me expand on the relationship between PPV and pulmonary parenchymal disease. 1. Barotrauma: PPV delivers air under pressure to the lungs, which can lead to overdistension of the alveoli, causing barotrauma. This may result in complications such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema. Barotrauma can further damage the pulmonary parenchyma and worsen pre-existing lung diseases. 2. Volutrauma: In addition to the pressure, the volume of air delivered during PPV can also cause injury to the lung tissue. Excessive tidal volumes can overstretch the alveoli, leading to volutrauma. This can cause inflammation, edema, and structural damage to the pulmonary parenchyma, exacerbating conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 3. Atelectrauma: PPV can also lead to cyclic opening and closing of the alveoli, particularly in areas of the lung with poor compliance or atelectasis. This repetitive alveolar collapse and reopening, known as atelectrauma, can cause shear stress and mechanical injury to the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to inflammation and further damage. 4. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI): The combination of barotrauma, volutrauma, and atelectrauma can result in VILI, a condition characterized by inflammation, edema, and structural damage to the pulmonary parenchyma. VILI can worsen pre-existing lung diseases and increase the risk of complications such as sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). 5. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch: PPV can alter the normal ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lungs. In some cases, this can lead to overdistension of well-ventilated areas and underinflation of poorly ventilated regions, resulting in ventilation-perfusion mismatch. This can impair gas exchange and exacerbate pre-existing pulmonary parenchymal diseases. To minimize the impact of PPV on pulmonary parenchymal disease, it is essential to use lung-protective ventilation strategies. These include using lower tidal volumes, maintaining appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and limiting peak inspiratory pressures. Regular monitoring and adjustment of ventilator settings based on the patient's response and underlying lung condition are also crucial in reducing the risk of PPV-associated complications and promoting better outcomes in patients with pulmonary parenchymal disease.
and I don’t actually what’s the ratio should I dilute the KPhos. If it is necessary, what type of fluid will you choose to dilute the KPhos. Apart from that, is it available to dilute in LR? Since I read textbook recommend diluting in saline. The last question, I simply knew saline is acidic solution and LR is more alkaline. But since we want rectify the acid and bad imbalance
You can find the example of K Phosphate supplementation here - vetemcrit.com/approach-to-hypokalemia-diagnosis-and-treatment/. NaCl 0.9 is preferred because it doesn’t have calcium in it that may be incompatible with phosphate.
FREE Cardiogenic pulmonary edema cheat sheet [PDF] can be downloaded here: academy.vetemcrit.com/CHFcheatsheet FREE workshop on 10 essentials steps of acid-base analysis and DOWNLOAD the acid-base analysis worksheet [PDF] here: academy.vetemcrit.com/free-workshop-opt-in FREE checklist on diagnosis of shock [PDF] can be DOWNLOADED here: academy.vetemcrit.com/shockchecklist
An other question is I don’t know how to supply A DKA cat with hypo phosphate concurrent with hypokalemia. I am afraid of KMax. Apart from that, I don’t know if there is any limitations to supply phosphate
I really recommend this course. Learn so so so much from his course. Honestly, I have never paid any online course, except this one. I am a vet from Taiwan. I think there is no one vet training in Taiwan knowing more than Igor. This definitely needs someone has been trained intensively so that he knows which parts in routine may confuse us so that he can use simple way to let us understand easily.
I appreciate your feedback, my friend. I am so glad you are enjoying the "Small Animal Electrolyte and Acid-Base Mastery: Certification Course". This means a lot to me. Anyone who wants to learn more about it - watch this free workshop here - academy.vetemcrit.com/free-workshop-opt-in
What does PPV has to do with pulmonary parenchymal disease ? can you please expand on that ?
Thanks for your question. I hope I understood it correctly, but let me know if you meant something else. PPV, or positive pressure ventilation, can significantly impact the pulmonary parenchyma, which is the functional tissue of the lungs responsible for gas exchange. Let me expand on the relationship between PPV and pulmonary parenchymal disease.
1. Barotrauma: PPV delivers air under pressure to the lungs, which can lead to overdistension of the alveoli, causing barotrauma. This may result in complications such as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema. Barotrauma can further damage the pulmonary parenchyma and worsen pre-existing lung diseases.
2. Volutrauma: In addition to the pressure, the volume of air delivered during PPV can also cause injury to the lung tissue. Excessive tidal volumes can overstretch the alveoli, leading to volutrauma. This can cause inflammation, edema, and structural damage to the pulmonary parenchyma, exacerbating conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
3. Atelectrauma: PPV can also lead to cyclic opening and closing of the alveoli, particularly in areas of the lung with poor compliance or atelectasis. This repetitive alveolar collapse and reopening, known as atelectrauma, can cause shear stress and mechanical injury to the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to inflammation and further damage.
4. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI): The combination of barotrauma, volutrauma, and atelectrauma can result in VILI, a condition characterized by inflammation, edema, and structural damage to the pulmonary parenchyma. VILI can worsen pre-existing lung diseases and increase the risk of complications such as sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
5. Ventilation-perfusion mismatch: PPV can alter the normal ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lungs. In some cases, this can lead to overdistension of well-ventilated areas and underinflation of poorly ventilated regions, resulting in ventilation-perfusion mismatch. This can impair gas exchange and exacerbate pre-existing pulmonary parenchymal diseases.
To minimize the impact of PPV on pulmonary parenchymal disease, it is essential to use lung-protective ventilation strategies. These include using lower tidal volumes, maintaining appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and limiting peak inspiratory pressures. Regular monitoring and adjustment of ventilator settings based on the patient's response and underlying lung condition are also crucial in reducing the risk of PPV-associated complications and promoting better outcomes in patients with pulmonary parenchymal disease.
and I don’t actually what’s the ratio should I dilute the KPhos. If it is necessary, what type of fluid will you choose to dilute the KPhos. Apart from that, is it available to dilute in LR? Since I read textbook recommend diluting in saline. The last question, I simply knew saline is acidic solution and LR is more alkaline. But since we want rectify the acid and bad imbalance
You can find the example of K Phosphate supplementation here - vetemcrit.com/approach-to-hypokalemia-diagnosis-and-treatment/. NaCl 0.9 is preferred because it doesn’t have calcium in it that may be incompatible with phosphate.
FREE Cardiogenic pulmonary edema cheat sheet [PDF] can be downloaded here: academy.vetemcrit.com/CHFcheatsheet
FREE workshop on 10 essentials steps of acid-base analysis and DOWNLOAD the acid-base analysis worksheet [PDF] here: academy.vetemcrit.com/free-workshop-opt-in
FREE checklist on diagnosis of shock [PDF] can be DOWNLOADED here: academy.vetemcrit.com/shockchecklist
An other question is I don’t know how to supply A DKA cat with hypo phosphate concurrent with hypokalemia. I am afraid of KMax. Apart from that, I don’t know if there is any limitations to supply phosphate