What Is Hadrian's Wall?

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  • Опубліковано 3 чер 2019
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    Emperor Hadrian ordered the construction of a wall spanning the width of northern Britannia, marking the northwest frontier of the Roman Empire. Hadrian's Wall was mighty in proportion as both a defensive structure and a physical reminder of the Roman Empire's strength and power. Diagrams and purposeful narration make this a valuable resource for high school classical studies and history courses.
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 191

  • @toffitagufa8777
    @toffitagufa8777 Рік тому +43

    We are going to build a wall, a great wall and the celts are gonna pay for it!
    - Emperor Hadrian 117 A.D

    • @NSJeremiah
      @NSJeremiah Рік тому +4

      Freaking underrated comment😂-🎺 24!

    • @PortmanRd
      @PortmanRd 2 місяці тому +1

      Good one. 😂

  • @ArksCovenant
    @ArksCovenant Рік тому +22

    A perfect little video on Hadrian's Wall, and brief history of it. Thank you very much.

  • @richmondbryannagera8558
    @richmondbryannagera8558 3 роки тому +155

    Hadrian got this idea from "The Wall" in Game of Thrones.

    • @aperson3394
      @aperson3394 3 роки тому +21

      Not many people know this

    • @adamajobe1756
      @adamajobe1756 3 роки тому +3

      😂😂

    • @adamajobe1756
      @adamajobe1756 3 роки тому +8

      Its like a time paradox, hadrian got it from George, george got it from hadrian's wall

    • @ygoralexandre2009
      @ygoralexandre2009 3 роки тому +12

      Hmm, i was pretty he got it from Pink Floyd's 1979 album

    • @eddiejairo1459
      @eddiejairo1459 3 роки тому

      i guess Im kinda off topic but does anyone know a good site to watch new series online ?

  • @rodrrico
    @rodrrico 3 роки тому +75

    One day, I shall walk this entire wall.

  • @nathantisdale2013
    @nathantisdale2013 2 роки тому +34

    I live an hours drive a way from Hadrians wall but I’ve only ever drove through when visiting Scotland. I shall walk it one day

    • @kelb0y9o20
      @kelb0y9o20 Рік тому +10

      Its been a year did you walk it yet

    • @graceamerican3558
      @graceamerican3558 9 місяців тому +1

      I will be visiting it in a month. You have no idea how excited I am to finally see this. ❤

    • @Bedmoments
      @Bedmoments Місяць тому

      @@graceamerican3558how did it go?

  • @martinb6065
    @martinb6065 Рік тому +10

    Did you know this is the wall that inspire the iced wall in GoT.

  • @pigjubby1
    @pigjubby1 4 роки тому +36

    Was there in 1995. Everyone asked "Why?" I loved it.

    • @angeloargentieri5605
      @angeloargentieri5605 3 роки тому +5

      Roma il più grande e glorioso impero della storia, la grandezza, la potenza, la magnificenza e la gloria di ROMA È AETERNA, ROMA INVICTA ET LUX MUNDI 💪💯

    • @antistiolabeo8950
      @antistiolabeo8950 Рік тому +1

      @@angeloargentieri5605 It's "aeterna"

    • @graceamerican3558
      @graceamerican3558 9 місяців тому +1

      I will be visiting it next month. I am excited.

  • @jasonfarrow7033
    @jasonfarrow7033 2 роки тому +2

    Excellent video! Thank you.

  • @eltabordakike
    @eltabordakike 3 роки тому +14

    Great job. I enjoyed this video. Perfect!

    • @Polypal3D
      @Polypal3D 2 роки тому +1

      I only hate the bracelet... this is an invention from Hollywood. Roman Soldier didn't wear them ....

  • @Liimed_
    @Liimed_ 3 роки тому +11

    Quelle incroyable vidéo, un chef d'œuvre cinématographique allié avec une musique palpitante. Mes félicitations (Ps: UwU balustrade)

  • @anismartini7405
    @anismartini7405 4 роки тому +8

    Thanks 🙏 for the informations

  • @BobrKurwa522
    @BobrKurwa522 Рік тому +4

    “Reinforced Romes confidence that they can go anywhere and do anything”….. except conquer the northern Celts

    • @Valhalla88888
      @Valhalla88888 6 місяців тому +2

      Picts

    • @ronhall9394
      @ronhall9394 Місяць тому

      The Romans did go north, built another wall between the Clyde and Forth and then continued up - there were roman forts up to Inverness.
      Why they didn't stay was probably a few reasons, the main one being resource extraction - they mustn't have found anything worth mining in the area (Britain as a while was known for it's tin, lead and gold) and the second main reason was probably manpower, the Legions were in short supply and always needed in other parts of the empire. Additionally the British tribes that were nominally 'pacified' did kick off from time to time so their lines of communication from the south coast and on to the continent were not always as secure as they should be. The Romans pulled back from the Antonine Wall not because of the pressure from the tribes to the north but because the Brigantes (who lived in what is now North Yorkshire) creating a fuss and compromising their supply routes.

    • @last7509
      @last7509 17 днів тому

      and they were indeed super magical people which im sure rome feared.

  • @currentbatches6205
    @currentbatches6205 3 роки тому +14

    My wife wondered why I wanted to look at some rocks; I was moved by putting my hands on a stone which was placed by some 1900 years ago. Ditto the Great Wall in China.
    There, when I asked the guide how the Mongols breached the wall, he shrugged and said 'Bribery'. Here it seems that the builders were locals impressed or hired by the Romans; 'Romans' by pay-check only, and not particvlarly concerned with keeping their cousins on the other side (yes, that was on purpose).
    Still, recommended.
    0:32 - The Great Wall was also designed to take advantage of the geography.

  • @gesp2742
    @gesp2742 2 роки тому +7

    WOW, Hadrian is so famous that he has he's own wall

    • @gesp2742
      @gesp2742 Рік тому

      His*

    • @salasrcp90
      @salasrcp90 Рік тому +1

      Trump has his own wall too but I doubt it will make it past 50 years lol 😂

    • @graceamerican3558
      @graceamerican3558 9 місяців тому

      @@salasrcp90yes it will be finished in far less time. FJB

  • @realtissaye
    @realtissaye 3 роки тому +4

    wow

  • @benjaminparkinson5255
    @benjaminparkinson5255 Місяць тому

    The sycamore tree was,so iconic as well

  • @perraultguillaume7748
    @perraultguillaume7748 3 роки тому +8

    Très bonne vidéo !

  • @Oscar_Davies
    @Oscar_Davies Рік тому +2

    got you

  • @honeybadger2129
    @honeybadger2129 Рік тому +4

    If, like they say in this video that the wall was a reminder that they could go anywhere and do anything, why didn’t the just take over Scotland? 😆

  • @kopynd1
    @kopynd1 3 роки тому +4

    how did the romans know when pangia split and the earths crust started to devide and where the wall is built, the land mass on the north side was once part of norway clever engineers, in my eyes theres has only and will only be two empires, roman and victorian empires

  • @dellmanification
    @dellmanification Рік тому +4

    If he built the wall to keep the Picts out he wasn't very successful Antoninus Pius had to build another one in central Scotland.

  • @krisshaw5249
    @krisshaw5249 9 місяців тому +1

    Construction of the wall didn't begin in 122 CE, it began in 122 AD.

    • @grenuille8733
      @grenuille8733 9 місяців тому

      CE refers to the same period as AD

  • @cheincito
    @cheincito Рік тому +2

    The jon snow make the cokie cokie with sam there.

  • @Ghostrick74
    @Ghostrick74 3 роки тому +12

    Merci grâce à vous on perd 30 minutes d'anglais les frerots 👍

    • @ric9562
      @ric9562 2 роки тому +2

      Moi c’est évaluer mais carré

    • @Ghostrick74
      @Ghostrick74 2 роки тому

      Mdrr force à toi alors

  • @mikef.1000
    @mikef.1000 Рік тому +2

    Many assertions in this video don't make sense. So, it was to "reinforce Rome's supreme confidence that they could go anywhere and do anything" (5:00)? But they could not hold territory north of the wall, and the wall itself was a confession that that was the case.

    • @dbk6149
      @dbk6149 4 місяці тому +2

      This is covered at about 2:45. "Unlike his predecessor ,Trajan, Hadrian didn't continue the expansionist policy... wanted to stabilize and consolidate the empire" They're talking about the construction of the wall itself as a feat that reinforced the idea they could do anything

  • @0401412740
    @0401412740 5 років тому +2

    Where can I get a single user subscription?

    • @callum__
      @callum__ 3 роки тому

      just click the red sub button

  • @kcmo1992
    @kcmo1992 3 роки тому +6

    To keep Celts out. Celts drank the blood of their dead and practiced withcraft!

    • @ap6480
      @ap6480 2 роки тому +3

      And also because the regions north of birtannia were kind of useless and conquer it would just unecessarly stretch the empire more

    • @ap6480
      @ap6480 2 роки тому +2

      Conquering Britannia was already kind of unecessary and was basically just propaganda for emperor Claudius

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 2 роки тому

      What's wrong with that?

    • @colinearnshaw7725
      @colinearnshaw7725 2 роки тому +1

      You are aware that all the Britons were Celt? So that includes all the Britons living in the area now known as 'England'.

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 2 роки тому

      @@colinearnshaw7725 but the Angles and Saxons and Danish were no Celts!

  • @memezoffuckery3207
    @memezoffuckery3207 Рік тому

    2:23 *Iberia

  • @MrDarkjoe123
    @MrDarkjoe123 2 роки тому +2

    Did Britons not have ships? Or even small boats you could just go around the wall

    • @Valhalla88888
      @Valhalla88888 6 місяців тому +1

      The Picts into days Scotland had great ships

  • @vantatilfly
    @vantatilfly 2 роки тому +1

    whats .a vallum?

  • @byarsjay
    @byarsjay 11 місяців тому +1

    117 AD. Anno Domini

  • @AnthonyHolmes-on2tb
    @AnthonyHolmes-on2tb 17 днів тому

    Fortified road between coasts to transport metals slaves wool and iron brew

  • @saimunhabib8060
    @saimunhabib8060 Рік тому

    Largest empire
    Mongols: I am a joke to you

    • @antistiolabeo8950
      @antistiolabeo8950 Рік тому +1

      Their empire was territorial very extensive but not even remotely comparable to the Roman Empire in organization or social-political complexity. No wonder you can still wonder around Roman walls all over Europe (and more) but won't find any tangible signs of the mongols' conquest nowadays.

  • @aleccap5946
    @aleccap5946 2 роки тому +2

    Did Rome never get into China and India ?

    • @Supercool12345andy
      @Supercool12345andy 2 роки тому +1

      China fell to horse nomads, ruled by a Mongol dynasty for 3 centuries. India was raided by Turko-Afghan rulers, was ruled by the Mughals right till the British showed up. So no, they had their own unique history. Mongols and Mughals are China and Indias, conqueror/rulers. In fact in India, they despise this past so much that there are news channel, where they curse Babur, the first Mughal King in India, don’t you know, its hyper patriotic right now in India just from the fact that a 500 years ago old ruler is being shat at!!

    • @user-yi9ls5uf3v
      @user-yi9ls5uf3v Рік тому +1

      Comparison between ancient Rome and ancient China Just like the Maya and the Spanish,You should be lucky that there is an Arab world between them, or you will speak mandarin today,As for India, it has never been a unified country. It is a nation established after British colonization,and then learn more about history,Don't immerse yourself in the dog world

    • @aleccap5946
      @aleccap5946 Рік тому

      @@user-yi9ls5uf3v I never asked this ?

    • @user-yi9ls5uf3v
      @user-yi9ls5uf3v Рік тому

      ​@@Supercool12345andy Compared with the fragmentary and superficial history you know,For Primates🐒like you who have just evolved from the jungle,The toilet and your biological father is the real problem you should consider~

  • @Maxiey1
    @Maxiey1 29 днів тому

    We couldn’t build that today within 6 years

  • @arth_chart5280
    @arth_chart5280 2 роки тому +2

    Were the Northern people so short 🙄

    • @colinearnshaw7725
      @colinearnshaw7725 2 роки тому +1

      No. The Brigantes were described as 'tall and noble'

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 2 роки тому +1

      No, that's why the wall is there, the ancient Brits were bigger than the Romans, but the Romans had better technology.

    • @Supercool12345andy
      @Supercool12345andy 2 роки тому

      U know guys something really interesting. Polar and Arctic animals/species tend to be larger in general than their grassland cousins and even more so than their rainforest counterparts. Its the reason polar animals are bigger as they loose less heat, since their surface area to volume ratio is lesser. I know its applied for mammalian fauna, but aren’t humans mammals as well?! Why can’t this phenomenon be true for human populations as well? Although this, businesses of Big Nord/Smaller Briton thing might be the remnants of this phenomenon playing a part way before, like around the Neolithic age, or when Neanderthals still roamed the earth. I am in no way suggesting this to be recent as even within 4000 years of human history. Food for thought? Genetic drift like that takes a long time, and given how long back these migrations were, it might just be enough that by the time, of the Romans, this difference became noticeable..

  • @ErinNamiga
    @ErinNamiga Місяць тому

    Adrian + Hadi = hadrian

  • @jimmcfarlane5611
    @jimmcfarlane5611 4 місяці тому

    Did Hadrian ever come to England?

  • @juharon
    @juharon Рік тому

    what are the odds that the wall and the emperor had the same name.

  • @gbcisaac9307
    @gbcisaac9307 4 роки тому +2

    Bonjourre

  • @speedyjet
    @speedyjet 4 роки тому +4

    Who is doing this for work?

  • @xpeppz80
    @xpeppz80 Рік тому

    Grande video fratm, ma per colpa tua mo mi devo studiare 5 minuti di auto quindi ktm

  • @amuktadir1991
    @amuktadir1991 Рік тому

    Kindly donn't take it heart if I said something wrong.

  • @dariussaul5642
    @dariussaul5642 3 роки тому +9

    600 hundred years later the barbarians rather stay with Rome I mean the EU 😂

    • @KrMorgan12
      @KrMorgan12 3 роки тому

      Scottish came later from Ireland.

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 2 роки тому +1

      Eh?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 2 роки тому

      who were the barbarians? The Romans or the Non-Romans?

    • @Bedmoments
      @Bedmoments Місяць тому

      The Scottish just go along with anyone rather than be a part of England…. They are ridiculously petty.

  • @josenakashima1388
    @josenakashima1388 2 роки тому +9

    Mmm...if they were so mighty, why the need for a wall. Feel that Scottish pride welling up😁

    • @dontgivamonkeyz
      @dontgivamonkeyz 2 роки тому

      Funny how the Romans needed a wall but the English have never needed one.

    • @lucylane7397
      @lucylane7397 2 роки тому

      It’s. It on the Scott border it’s entirely in England

    • @Supercool12345andy
      @Supercool12345andy 2 роки тому

      If the Americans are so mighty, why build the wall with Mexico? I think moving earth, building mega structures is way to perpetuate their superiority. No? I think the Romans, and Hadrian were thinking on the same lines…sadly but yea it can be taken with pride. People remember the Mongol conquest of China not the valiant defense of the Chinese. 🫡

    • @delong8998
      @delong8998 Рік тому +5

      I'm of Latin stock, I actually look quite Roman, big beard, tanned skin, straight long nose, etc. I'm Italian in descent.
      If that's the closest thing to a roman you can get then I'll tell you why we didn't go beyond the wall.
      It's too fucking cold 🥶 and you crazy bastards are wearing kilts and no pants in this weather, wtf haha

    • @Valhalla88888
      @Valhalla88888 6 місяців тому +1

      Picts

  • @jasonbartholomew9880
    @jasonbartholomew9880 4 роки тому +5

    yeeeet

  • @jimyoung6271
    @jimyoung6271 5 днів тому

    Don't hold it against Adrian.

  • @iam1remnant
    @iam1remnant Рік тому

    There were black people in the Roman Empire. I don’t know why everyone says they conquered all over the ancient world but documentaries still depict the people as only white.

    • @AdrianDanielGuard
      @AdrianDanielGuard Рік тому

      They were fewer than whites because they mostly came from the African provinces. And even there most where white-ish Berbers

    • @thechosennationofisrael978
      @thechosennationofisrael978 Рік тому +1

      The romans never conquered sub-saharan Africa

    • @G.A.C_Preserve
      @G.A.C_Preserve Рік тому +1

      Because it's the majority
      The minority is not important enough for it to be depicted

    • @williamsherman1089
      @williamsherman1089 Рік тому

      So the hell what 🥱

    • @Yakov-cr1sc
      @Yakov-cr1sc Місяць тому

      They aren't 'white-ish' they're brown, some of them look very similar to East-Africans.
      ​@@AdrianDanielGuard

  • @PikaChu-kj4ms
    @PikaChu-kj4ms Рік тому +1

    Hadrian stole this idea from George RR Martin

  • @glen3486
    @glen3486 Рік тому +1

    Wtf is ce?

  • @adnaanu
    @adnaanu 2 місяці тому

    The Chinese knock-off version is longer and can be seen from space.

  • @bpnk5237
    @bpnk5237 8 місяців тому

    Came from map men

  • @Dragon-Slay3r
    @Dragon-Slay3r Рік тому

    It's was built to hide the monkeys head. Abit like the great wall

  • @alanbstard4
    @alanbstard4 2 роки тому +6

    not this "CE " bullshit!

    • @darania1
      @darania1 Рік тому +1

      'Common Era' is more objective than AD...

    • @alanbstard4
      @alanbstard4 Рік тому

      @@darania1 so what is common era and what's the objective? Where does it start and finish? It's just anti Christ bullshit

    • @williamsherman1089
      @williamsherman1089 Рік тому

      ​@@darania1Who cares

    • @darania1
      @darania1 Рік тому +1

      @williamsherman1089 Indeed about as much as I care for your inane opinion thanks...

  • @bruceli9094
    @bruceli9094 2 роки тому +3

    China 3000 yrs: Builds a long wall.
    USA 300 yrs: Put man on Moon 🦾😊

    • @Supercool12345andy
      @Supercool12345andy 2 роки тому

      Well the technology is the keyword. It is the driving force of progress. USA was a conglomeration of peoples after the great industrial revolution in Britain and Europe. A new nation born amidst an age where industry and machines were changing urban living like never before… things moved a lot faster sure.

    • @Chineseconcrete
      @Chineseconcrete Рік тому +2

      Lmao what does this even have to do with hadrians wall

  • @riheg
    @riheg 4 роки тому +6

    Why do so many roman soldier actors have leather wrist bands in this? It looks very un historical and american

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 2 роки тому +1

      they certainly did not work so heavy with their armours on. Armed soldiers would have stood guard while the others worked.

  • @davidnieves5908
    @davidnieves5908 3 роки тому +2

    Descendants of Trump built this wall.

    • @angelhare8374
      @angelhare8374 3 роки тому +2

      Yes
      Hadrian said he's going to build a great wall and make the picts pay for it

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 2 роки тому +4

      You mean the ancestors of Tump, right?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 2 роки тому

      @@malcolmstead272 the ancestors of Trump were Germans

    • @malcolmstead272
      @malcolmstead272 2 роки тому

      @@rnies6849 Really?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 2 роки тому

      @@malcolmstead272 you can google it. Their original family name was Trumpf

  • @lochside7647
    @lochside7647 2 роки тому +4

    Who wrote this? It's a ridiculous distortion of the brutal imperialism that was Rome. Hadrian built the wall because the Romans could not conquer the Picts ( modern day Scots). You don't build Custom Posts that are the length, height and breadth of that wall with the garrison that was. This is English propaganda. Their historians hate the fact that the Romans conquered what is now England , despite the fact the English hadn;t even arrived yet. Boadicea was a Celtic, welsh speaking queen, not English. So called Brittania was inhabited with tribes who spoke the P and Q forms of Celtic languages. The commentary said that the Romans 'could go anywhere' because of the wall.
    Well they tried,, and Hadrian's successor built Antonine's wall, further North...so much for peaceful Rome....and it was destroyed,, and the invading army of Romans lost 50,000 men. Modern Scotland has never been conquered, not by Romans and not by English..Alba Gu Brath!

    • @colinearnshaw7725
      @colinearnshaw7725 2 роки тому +1

      Just so you know. All the Britons were Celts including those of us who live in 'England'. The Romans didn't consolidate their power in Caledonia as there was no great economic reason to do so. All the principle resources (lead, iron, copper, tin and the good agricultural land) was south of the Wall. The Wall incidentally was also used to 'divide and rule' the northern British kingdoms like the Brigantes and the Votadini. The Antonine Wall was abandoned around 160 CE following yet another uprising by the northern tribes in 'England'. Indeed the northern tribes in 'England' i.e south of the Wall were so troublesome that the Emperor Severus ruled the Empire from York whilst he took charge.

    • @lochside7647
      @lochside7647 2 роки тому

      @@colinearnshaw7725 Just so you know: The 'Caledonia ..no great economic reason to conquer it' is a bullshit politicised trope created by modern English historians to diminish present day Scotland. We have some of the best arable land and had vast forests in that period to be found in the UK . Also, with gold being found in Galloway and the Highlands. If you read my previous comment properly, I stated that 'England' did not exist during the Roman occupation of what is now Northumbria and south. Britania and Caledonia as the Romans called both parts of the Greater British island were inhabited by peoples whose languages of Gaelic (Irish and Scots)and Brythonic (welsh) have been passed down to those now known as 'celts, whose descendants currently inhabit those areas. Certainly in modern Scotland's case, the facile and transparent racist argument that the Romans couldn't be bothered to conquer i.e. could not conquer, and that 'troublesome'' Northern'' (?) tribes drove them out? . Sorry, but any tribes originating from the Antonine or even Hadrian walls' areas would be in the midland of the Brythonic island of Greater Britain. Your anglophile lip is showing there, the tribes you mention were not anglo saxons, but Celts. In fact it was the further 'north' tribes: The Damnonii and the Caledonian tribes were the tribes that destroyed Antonine's wall and forced the Romans back to Hadrian's ( the so-called custom post).
      If anyone doubts the politicising of this subject, consider how Boadicea ( a Celtic Queen, with flaming red hair) is glorified in her failed 'uprising' by the same cohort of English historians, who deliberately conflate her with the conflated Anglo Saxon/British narrative of heroic failure . Whereas, the resolute , resistance and refusal to surrender, and the huge losses inflicted on the Roman incursions by the barbaric imperialistic Romans .Inflicted by the true 'northern' tribes beyond both walls is diminished and discounted. I wonder why this contradiction keeps raising its anglophile head?

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 2 роки тому

      that means the Romans were cleverer than the British in the 19.th century when they tried to "pacify" Afghanistan.

    • @Himmyjewett
      @Himmyjewett 2 роки тому +3

      rome could conquer the picts at any time they wanted

    • @rnies6849
      @rnies6849 2 роки тому +3

      I wished you were right, but you are not. The Romans counted the costs and the result and found out that it was not worth to conquer that Rough Country! At the time of Hadrian the Romans had an army of 400 thousand all over the Empire. The Scots could not have recruited more than 10 or 15 thousand and would not have a chance in the open field to any of the Roman armies like most of all other enemies.

  • @mothermovementa
    @mothermovementa 10 місяців тому

    The romans couldn’t conquer the scots but the English did

    • @Valhalla88888
      @Valhalla88888 6 місяців тому +1

      the English got wiped out by the Normans in 1066 it was the Norman French who occupied today Scotland but it was never conquered (Scotland) then again James 6th of Scotland in 1603 took the English Crown (actually Norman French crown)!!!

  • @yummymummy18xxx
    @yummymummy18xxx Рік тому

    Oof

  • @fabiosimeone05
    @fabiosimeone05 3 роки тому

    Io c'ero

  • @amuktadir1991
    @amuktadir1991 Рік тому

    ANIMAL eat everything,We Also eat everything,At A min. Level to show Animal type man in Us.WALAIKUM Assalam.

  • @ronniemagala6208
    @ronniemagala6208 3 роки тому +1

    From school

  • @northofyou33
    @northofyou33 3 роки тому

    Were roman public toilets co-ed?

    • @Fummy007
      @Fummy007 3 роки тому

      There probably were no woman

  • @benjaminparkinson5255
    @benjaminparkinson5255 Місяць тому

    Not true ritch and you know it

  • @skinnymun
    @skinnymun 2 роки тому +1

    Disliked for using CE

  • @dwunkchiggan1016
    @dwunkchiggan1016 Місяць тому

    Poop sock

  • @corbynsimpson3795
    @corbynsimpson3795 3 роки тому +3

    I just died of boredom

  • @LibertyDankmeme
    @LibertyDankmeme Рік тому +1

    CE - you mean AD? i guess you deny Christ too ? sickening

    • @williamsherman1089
      @williamsherman1089 Рік тому

      I'm a nonbeliever myself but I refuse to use anything but bc ad