傑·文化-故宮博物院藏明代珍品陶瓷器5 Kit.Culture- Ming Dynasty Ceramics Treasures from the Palace Museum Collection 5

香港故宮文化博物館（博物館）於2024年7月開幕兩周年之際，全新專題展覽「流光彰色--故宮博物院藏明代陶瓷珍品」於7月10日正式揭幕，展期兩年。展覽由香港故宮文化博物館與故宮博物院聯合主辦，透過故宮博物院新一批借展的106件陶瓷珍品，聯同香港故宮文化博物館7件藏品，展現明代陶瓷工藝的發展演變和傑出成就。
展出珍品之一是青花五彩蓮池花鳥圖蒜頭瓶，明朝萬曆年間於江西景德鎮御窰燒製，高54.5厘米，口徑8.8厘米，足徑17厘米。
這件蒜頭瓶是萬曆時期典型器形，紋飾飽滿，色彩絢麗。此瓶小直口，口下呈蒜頭形，長束頸，圓鼓腹，圈足。瓶內、外均施白釉，外底無釉。外壁通體五彩裝飾。口沿一周繪回紋，蒜頭形部份繪如意雲頭紋，雲頭內繪靈芝、花卉紋等，雲頭間繪瓔珞紋相連。頸部繪花卉、洞石、草蟲等。肩部一周如意雲頭紋，雲頭內、外，俯、仰交替繪花卉、纏枝紋。腹部整體繪花鳥圖，紋飾繪畫以元明時期景德鎮瓷器上流行的「滿池嬌」圖為基礎，畫面內容更加豐富，主體蓮池鴛鴦圖案突出，另裝飾有鷺鷥、飛鳥、柳樹等。足牆外一周繪變形卷草紋。口沿下自右向左以青花署「大明萬曆年製」六字楷書橫排款。
明代繼各種單色釉成功之後，鬥彩、五彩相繼大放異彩，五彩是明代彩瓷中的名品，雖名為「五彩」，但意指多彩，是在宋、元釉上加彩的基礎之上發展而來，通常被分為釉上五彩及青花五彩兩大類。明宣德時已有五彩，但明初釉上彩以紅、綠、黃三色為多，嘉靖、萬曆時期的官窯釉上彩瓷，是以釉下青花和釉上多種彩相結合，稱青花五彩。
萬曆年間，皇帝甚好奢華器物，故當朝景德鎮御窯瓷匠得以盡展所長，創新彩釉技法，成品之中不乏佳器，所燒造出的五彩瓷器以其瑰麗飽滿的紋飾和濃重鮮明的色彩而著稱。雖然始於明代宣德、正統期間的「官搭民燒」制度，至嘉靖、萬曆年間更盛，但當時民間禁止燒造黃、紫、紅、綠等彩瓷，由此可見五彩瓷是宮廷的御用品。
萬曆五彩瓷胎質堅密，釉面乳白瑩潤，內外壁皆飾滿圖案，整體風格莊重、古樸、豪放，不以畫意見長，而以濃重鮮艷的色彩取勝。圖案大都寓意吉祥且紋飾繁密、主題多樣，官窯紋飾以雲龍、雲鳳、纏枝蓮、八仙人物等為主，營造出熱鬧非凡的華麗感。
萬曆五彩瓷紋飾有鴛鴦蓮花紋、雲龍紋、鳳凰紋、蘆雁、牡丹、團花、花卉、山石、四吉祥、人物、外國文字、羅盤經書等。還有將盆景、花籃、盆花等作為主題紋飾。而器型多樣，以大器居多，包括有龍缸、花觚、花口盤、折沿盤、軍持壺、器座，各種瓷盒、雲龍筆架、筆管、鏤空瓶以及人物雕塑等等。
來源: 澳門博文館、百度百科、文匯報等網上資料
On the occasion of the second anniversary of the opening of the Hong Kong Palace Museum (Museum) in July 2024, a new thematic exhibition " Brilliance - Ming Dynasty Ceramic Treasures from the Palace Museum" was officially unveiled on July 10 and will last for two years. The exhibition is jointly organized by the Hong Kong Palace Museum and the Palace Museum. It uses a new batch of 106 ceramic treasures on loan from the Palace Museum and seven collections from the Hong Kong Palace Museum to showcase the development, evolution and outstanding achievements of ceramic craftsmanship in the Ming Dynasty.
One of the treasures on display is a blue and white garlic vase with colorful lotus ponds, flowers and birds, which was fired at the imperial kiln in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It is 54.5 centimeters high, 8.8 centimeters in diameter, and 17 centimeters in foot diameter.
This garlic vase is a typical vessel from the Wanli period, with rich patterns and brilliant colors. This bottle has a small straight mouth, a garlic-shaped bottom, a long neck, a round belly, and a circle foot. The inside and outside of the bottle are covered with white glaze, and the outer bottom is unglazed. The outer wall is decorated with colorful decorations. The edge of the mouth is painted with a back pattern, the garlic-shaped part is painted with a Ruyi cloud pattern, the inside of the cloud head is painted with Ganoderma lucidum, flower patterns, etc., and the cloud heads are connected with a Yingluo pattern. The neck is painted with flowers, travertine, grass and insects, etc. There is a Ruyi cloud head pattern all around the shoulder. The inside and outside of the cloud head are alternately painted with flowers and branches. The entire abdomen is painted with flowers and birds. The decorative painting is based on the "Man Chi Jiao" picture popular on Jingdezhen porcelain in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The content of the picture is richer. The main body is a lotus pond with a mandarin duck pattern, and is also decorated with egrets, birds, willows, etc. The outside of the foot wall is painted with deformed curly grass patterns. Below the rim, from right to left, there is a six-character regular script inscription "Da Ming Wanli Year System" written in blue and white arranged horizontally.
Source: Museum of Macau, Baidu Encyclopedia, Wenhui Po and other online materials