When Whales Walked
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- Опубліковано 22 жов 2017
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We know whales as graceful giants bound to the sea. But what if we told you there was actually a time when whales could walk.
Thanks to Lucas Lima and Studio 252mya for their illustrations. You can find more of Lucas' work here: 252mya.com/gallery/lucas-lima
Produced for PBS Digital Studios.
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References:
web.neomed.edu/web/anatomy/The...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
link.springer.com/article/10....
www.amnh.org/explore/news-blog...
www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/s...
evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibr...
stories.anmm.gov.au/whale-evol...
www.smithsonianmag.com/smithso...
repository.ias.ac.in/4642/1/31...
link.springer.com/chapter/10....
www.britannica.com/science/Eo...
ngm.nationalgeographic.com/201...
www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/ocean-...
www.theatlantic.com/science/a...
• Nature: Whale Evolutio...
www.pnas.org/content/96/18/102...
www.sciencedaily.com/releases...
www.nature.com/news/2007/0712...
books.google.com/books?id=udC...
www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/sc...
phys.org/news/2005-01-scienti...
www.pnas.org/content/96/18/102...
link.springer.com/article/10....
*The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally. - Наука та технологія
Mammals: imma evolve traits optimum for a terrestrial habitat
Whales: *Uno reverse card*
Hahaha this is the best love it
SeaLions: *Reverse back to you*
Ha I made the comment to 1k
Seals: haha im gonna check what whales is up to
Indeed, a great sense of humour! ;] I don't know this game but sound like tabletop card game ;]
Sharks: we’ve been here for millions of years, before the dinosaurs and the Permian, this makes us the kings of the ocean.
Some deer thing: hold my beer
Orca has entered the chat.
Cephalopods has enter the chat
*Dolphins have entered the chat.*
“Huh.”
*sees whales orca and shark*
*Dolphins have left the chat.*
Poor things. Not long after they no longer had to share the oceans with marine reptiles, new competition would emerge
It seems a recurring trait throughout marine history. To quote from the Science of Discworld "Sharks have eaten mesosaurs, have been annoyed by pleisosaurs and ichthyosaurs and cautious about pliosaurs, have eaten little mosasaurs and been eaten by big ones." "Then the mammels produced dolphins, killer whales, big whales ... and the sharks just went on being sharks".
It seems that after evolving to survive on land to cope with gravity, more intense competition, and a less stable environment, any animal group that goes back to the sea tends to win out. Meanwhile all the older groups (sharks, bony fish, cephelopods etc) that remained in the sea stay 'comparitively' stable and just take any opportunities that come their way.
"Some are gentle filter feeders . . ."
Krill (raising hands): "Umm . . ."
collosus squid fear intensify
Krill: SWIM AWAY!
well, they are gently devoured.
@@Zimisce85 keep your weird fetishes away from me
@@treyday6387”Hey look! Krill!”
"gentle filter feeders"
10 billion krill beg to differ
I like your profile pic
There's something about the phrase "tiny, cat-sized deer things" that I love.
ikr! it just sounds so cute
XDDDD
@Bunker Sieben Yes
@Bunker Sieben Yes
You would love the Duiker
As a zoologist/ecologist I'm so grateful that there are dedicated people like you guys putting out educational videos like this one. Keep spreading the knowledge.
Thanks we will! And help us spread the word about our channel!
Already doing it!
Matt Thompson why the “lol”?
@@eonsOkay and when was this observed, you're just assuming things and teaching this as science and fact?
I started off with "The Time Terror Birds Invaded" and now I'm stuck in a PBS Eons spiral.
This channel is amazing, and the hosts are all great.
OMG SAME
ikr
Has it stopped yet? (Just kidding, pls keep making learning entertaining PBS and Green Brothers).
i started with the chalicothere from a shoutout from tier zoo
I know the professor who discovered the Walking Whale! “Nate” as we call ambulocetus natans, is our school’s mascot! Hans is also a hilarious person.
That is soooo cool
bro hes so cool wish I could meet people like him
I did not realize whales evolved that fast, 25 million years, especially considering their long reproductive cycles and life span.
25 million seems long to you? Human evolved in about 3 million years with long reproductive cycles and life span. Which is more amazing?
Son&PopCo-OP but humans didn't go from being squirrels to humans in 3 million years which is pretty much what whales did in 25. And the human gestation period Is a fraction of that of whales. I'm sorry to be nitpicky but also outside of modern medicine the human lifespan is about the same as a parrot. I still think it was fast.
Okay Aj Franklin, lets nit-pik. Humans went from being "squirrels" ( as you put it ) to what we are today in about the same time period as the Whales. In both cases the precursor forms had completely different lifespans & gestation periods than the final form, Your argument is invalid.
or... ( a more likely Scenario ) EAT IT
Cetaceans are currently in decline, the number of genera has reduced significantly
This is hands down, one of the best series on UA-cam and I'm so glad it exists.
Tum yahan kya kar rahi ho
If you like stuff you this you should try some trey the explainer.
This is the best I’ve learned so much from it since I was a kid I love it so much thank you so much I have no other words XD
So true
Totally true, so glad i clicked.
I absolutely love when a presenter has a "this thing is really adorable and I want you to see it" voice when talking about little creatures etc lol. We just can't help it
4:32 Speaking Of Dugongs, Rest In Peace Steller's Sea Cow, You Shall Not Be Forgotten.
😔
Rest in Peace, my friend
It would be highly unlikely for warm blooded animals to have evolved in the ocean. However, when a mammal transitions into the ocean, it suddenly has an advantage over all fish in that it can regulate its body temperature.
Well, there are actually some fish that have warm blood like mackerel sharks, but your point still stands as the specifics of how their warm blood evolved are more similar to those of mammals than those of any of the fish.
Christian Schiller so heart warming to see you two having a civil conversation without insults.
You're ruining the video with your present
@@somedude140 That's a very good point indeed. As soon as you mentioned warm blooded fish, sharks came to mind. I never gave it a second thought before though, but thanks for sparking my interest.
@@youtubeaccount6625 what??
the evolution of whales has always been one of my favorite evolutionary happenings, and just learning about it again in video form reminds me of just how cool it is!!!!
Piftin same here
My favorite was the canal one.
I still find it strange how some paleontologist can't agree if this creature existed or not.
“... just dipping their toes in the water for the first time.” is such a cute sentiment. Made me smile.
A cute sentence for a terrifying creature.
Whales: "Gentle filter feeders."
Plankton: "AAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!"
3:48 the face you make when you're getting roasted and you're sarcastically laughing with it
😭😭😭
if someone told me about a walking whale i'd think of a hippo
Whippomorpha is a clade. Hippos are closer to whales than they are to most other artiodactyls, so you would be correct!
"Whippomorpha is a mixture of English (wh[ale] + hippo[potamus]) and Greek (μορφή, morphe = form). Attempts have been made to rename the clade Cetancodonta[3] but Whippomorpha maintains precedence.[4]" Lol. I actually had to look it up because I thought Whippomorpha sounded like such an unconventional taxonomic name.
i'd think of my science teacher Lmfao
@@Alex-kp5pq hippos are actually the closest living relatives of cetaceans!
Yes that's true
Watching this with my 3 year old son. love the videos, we always learn so much.
Her voice and the background music could possibly cure my anxiety. Cool vid!
Cetacean needed.
+
I see what you did there.
For what porpoise do you need this cetacean?
Haaa
whale, you guys need to shut the dorudon't know what you're getting into with that large pakicetus your request for cetacean will not be taken.
I'm sorry. DX
Imagine being a doggo and being like “ima be a big blue baby one day”😂😂😂
that's what Sea Lions are. They ARE in the side of dogs in the order Carnivora
Unfunny
@@ophiolatreia93 no one asked?
@@ophiolatreia93 it was to them
@@ophiolatreia93 you must be fun at parties
My favourite PBS video
Whales are so mystical.
The background music is so relaxing
Gives me chills
0:25 “The Tale of Whale” I see what you did there lmaooo
So I find it interesting that the cute little, cat-deer thing already had the underwater hearing development. It leads me to wonder if the cetacean line started because some Artiodactyla started hiding in water and it just super worked for them so they developed better hearing in the water. Any thoughts on that line?
Soulpanda , look into mouse deer. They are little guys have stayed relatively unchanged for millions of years and some use water to escape predation. They even have good hearing underwater. Let's say they had a similar idea to protowhales but didn't feel the need to run with it.
Looking them up now. First Impressions: So Cute, Second Impressions: Further research, on a personal level, is needed for animals living in swamp, lake, or river conditions where there is a lack of predation. Man I wish I could study biology professionally. This stuff is so cool.
From what I've read, those specialized ears also helped with balance and maneuverability in the water.
Also makes me wonder if it was just a random mutation, or whether they started as burrowers, and it was an adaptation that helped them hear underground.
Jennifer Saar my guess is their habitat got flooded with water and had to addopt
This is so funny, I was just watching videos of Capybaras swimming underwater for like ten minutes, and they look just like the image of the ancient whale swimming (especially the feet) lol. This video wasn't even linked to those videos at all, so it's just a total coincidence lol.
Lose the "lol",makes you look nonintelligent.
no coincidences in nature
Aimi , Yes maa'm ,sorry.
Capybaras are actually more closely related to us humans than they are to whales. Though whales are more closely related to capybaras (and humans) than they are to crocodiles, which are more closely related to woodpeckers than they are to the previously-mentioned creatures. Because the tree of life is very strange.
+Platonic Knuckler Fuckler
If some new brainchild of yours develops, I guess I'll have a cheque or a few to send you.
I would love more like these videos if they improve them by adding subtitles . Deaf people really need to know about these sharing . Thank you EONS team . Love ya
100% agree.
And the "cc" button does not cut it!
Understand, I hear fine, but I like to run subs for the occasional missed word. However, the cc option often gives either a word that makes NO sense in context, OR it will bungle a contraction to the point where the opposite meaning is on the screen. It's largely useless.
Now there are subtitles ！！！
The evolution of whales is one of my favorite parts of evolution. I remember the first time a saw a Dorudon fossil. I remember thinking that the small hind legs and the nostrils equidistant between the eyes and tip of the snout was so fascinating, and how it was related to today's toothed whales was even more fascinating!
Whale, whale, whale, who do we have here?...
The Past Happened a Long Time Ago i love ur card art in deviantart
The Past Happened a Long Time Ago long long long long ago
Sandy Clawz, hm? ooooh, i'm really scared!
Oh! Thanks very much!!
69th liker
Make a video about the other human species that coexisted with Homo sapiens thousands of years ago.
Neanderthals
#NoHomo
Rokko J #YesHomo
#allthehomo
I don't think we coexisted with them since we wold have shared the same niche and out-claas them. They probably just found refuge as far as possible from us. Although some people speculate we have traces of dna within our genome that goes further than just Neanderthals, so maybe we did. who knows
"tiny, cat-sized deer things" are so cute
This blew my mind. Imagine the gradual transition. And seeing the end result... the power of evolution man.
"Gentle filter feeders" Tell that to krill.
So it this why skitty and wailord can breed in Pokémon, highly doubt they did this on purpose but cool that we can explain it (as much as a cat breeding with a whale can be explained)
Pikminmj9 I know this is two years late, but the Pokémon team actually do look into these sort of things. It’s possible, but it could’ve just fit into the formula there. Cool theory!
I just made a comment about the same exact thing, hahahaha
Because the eggs are made magically. Pokemon do not reproduce the same way irl animals do.
3:48 just look at that award winning smile
Thanks; I always wondered about this, as a lover of cetaceans.
I spoke with a scientist at the Hopkins Marine Research Station who told me about whales' relationship to hippos, to my surprise. Although I did know about the little deer like animal.
So much change in 20 million years. Other life forms have used essentially the same size and shape for hundreds of millions of years.
Thank you for this edifying video.
Evolution: If it ain't broke don't fix it.
Also evolution: There's a lot of unexploited food over there 👀👀👀👀
here's a fact dolphins and whales still have leg bones
Hip bones
Their pelvic bones
And humans still have tail bones haha
We have tails too
"So long and thanks for all the fish. "
I love to imagine an Indohyus fell into a river when drinking and starts swimming and think "Hey, this feel great! I need to swim more!" and 20 mil years later the whale was like "This is fine."
Whales are beautiful
M Hilmy Fauzi they are majestic
Even better.
M Hilmy Fauzi you think I'm Beautiful
Regular whales yes, human wha,es no
somebody's upset that other people are happy lol this is not an evolutionary advantage
I learned two new things: Arteodactyls and ceteceans, and that they are somewhat related. Quite fascinating stuff.
Air breathers have advantages over water breathers.
More oxygen in the blood, means that they tire slower, and can grow bigger brains.
Can't breathe under water
Rejie Quimiguing 👈 we’ve got an EXPERT over here!!!
Rejie Quimiguing right but its still very efficient. Do some research on how deep Sperm whales can dive
I’m surprised Sandy didn’t say that in “Pressure”.
The evidence for evolution is both fascinating and overwhelming, but so many people willingly remain ignorant and delusional.
El Buhdai the evidence for no revolution is both fascinating and overwhelming, but so many people willingly remain ignorant and delusional.
@@samitsme8910 You are joking.. right?
@@samitsme8910 theres no evidence for evolution not existing.
@Tyson MMA I meant "not"
dude , if you showed this to a kid , theyd tell you to fly a kite. a stupid little bone and they come up with this ? talk about grasping at straws
My friend didn't believe me when I said that they did walk
William Sledge Maybe your friend doesn't believe in evolution or has a limited grasp of it.
Gawd dunnit
maybe they thought you meant blue whales walk around on their flippers
Next time just point out your friend's momma and say "there's living proof".
That's because it's INSAIN. If ppl didn't get force fed this crap no one would believe it
Very cool. I love learning about strange paths that evolution takes. Thanks for another quality video!
Daniel, it's what the evidence shows -- the fossil record is consistent in morphology, geography and chronology -- so it's like saying "the DNA from my mom is a match for me, and the DNA from my dad is a match for me -- but that's just speculation because it's only science"...
So far, we have a cetacean lineage of this : pakicetus, nalacetus, ichthyolestes, gandakasia, ambulocetus, himalayacetus, attockicetus, remingtonocetus, dalanistes, kutchicetus, andrewsiphius, indocetus, rhodocetus, rodhocetus balochistanensis, rhodocetus kasrani, Qaisracetus, takracetus, artiocetus, babiacetus, protocetus, pappocetus, eocetus, georgiacetus, natchitochia, dorudon, Squalodon, ancalacetus, gaviacetus or gaviocetus, basilosaurus, artiocetus clavis
You'll notice it's also consistent in absence too, in that when we have an A then B then C then D, you won't find A's or B's still hanging around with the Ds.
Not to mention they literally provided the evidence in the video, so it isn't speculation
Yet Micah, the connection or trail from one "evidence" to another is often filled with preconception. Also the "evidence" is generally partial evidence with the missing stuff filled to meet the requirements of the connection.
James, Actually, in science, evidence is usually deemed valid when it's able to demonstrate the EXCLUSION of a model.
So, for evolution, we accept the lineage (and the model) I'd mentioned BECAUSE it resolutely destroys all competing models EXCEPT for evolution.
PhrontDoor, I was not questioning evolution, but the simplistic explanation that was presented here. As you know there are many gaps in lineages, think how often the lineage of the horse has been restated, but the presentation given here was as if every step is cast in stone.
I watched a documentary about a dead whale being autopsied and they found tiny hind leg bones attached to the back bone of the whale proving that whales are once land dwellers...evolution is so amazing
So now I know why my coffee keeps spilling
Those damn whales walking around shaking everything
Pleistocene megafauna, please. And the Great American Interchange. This was awesome, as always. It makes my day every time I see a notification about a new Eons vid. :-)
fish: i love water
amphibian: land is cool too
reptiles-mammals: i love land
ambelocetus: water is cool too
whales: i love water
wow nice job mammals
smh
nerdzilla135 lol
there are plenty of reptiles that became fully aquatic like the Mosasaur and the ichthyosaur
What's an ambelpcetus
They literally made a u turn
What about aquatic reptiles like sea turtles, marine iguanas, and sea snakes?
I have a pet Indohyus, it loves my pool! It also makes *very* loud calls, that I call "pings", when it wants food (which is all the time). I usually feed it a slurry of pine nuts, dates, bryophytes, shrimp tails, and tadpoles that I combine in a blender. It is as smart as a pig!
I read an article a few years ago that polar bears are making that transition now. Who knows what they'll end up looking like.
Ooooh whales and history all rolled into one. Great episode!
More of this host please. She does a great job.
She's adorable
Awesome presentation, informative and to the point! Makes me want to research the Basilosaurus.
The Royal Ontario Museum had an exhibit about this a few years ago! It was a big one with a new skeleton from a whale that had beached in the Maritimes, and it was the first time I had ever heard about its evolutionary past! It was mind-blowing!!!
There was also a kids section with a life-size reproduction of a whales jawbones and a krill costume to dress up in and stand in the mouth....which I did😂
The sound seems a bit off in this episode - mainly the voice-over is a bit tinny.
Hiya. That was my mistake, but we fixed it. I didn't notice it until the edit came back. Seth and Synema studios did a good job fixing it. Had a lot to do with mic position.
- Nick J.
I kept noticing the 185 changing positions during the video. That must make it difficult matching the pieces.
thelonelydirector hi Nick, thanks for responding. I've really enjoyed the series up to here and I'm glad that you are listening to feedback. I hope the series continues to be great.
+thelonelydirector
Nick J, are you sure? or did you re-upload? Because I'm watching this video 7 hours after your comment and the audio is still off.
I've watched a few of these videos and I'm pretty sure that's just how her voice is.
I have watched every video you had on your channel, and now that I realised that I saw every video, I realise I watched them all with great interest and fascination. The only bad thing is that there aren't any more videos. Therefore, I'm subbing!
Congratz, PBS Eons
I find it infinitely funny how a fish went to grow legs and live out of the water just to go "Nah" and evolve back into a fish
Everybody gangsta until whales start walking
Thank you so much for doing one on whale evolution. It's one of my favourite topics.
I'm making a presentation of this topic for my EvoDevo module. Thank you for supplying your references they were really helpful!
Sharks for the past 150 million years: You guys evolve?
Wow, I'm finally starting to see how DNA evidence supports evolution especially when you compare the DNA of other living things.
What about seals and otters? Aren't they mammals currently ongoing the transition from land to water? Your videos are really intellectually stimulating as I always end up with more questions by the end of the video than I had before watching them!
This comment is old but it is unknown if seals or otters will end up like whales. There is no end goal in evolution, only adapting to an environment. This can lead to many possibilities, whether it’s otters and seals becoming like whales or just ditching the water entirely. Only time will tell
I was wondering how mammals wound up in the ocean, this was really interesting! Now I know it's from the lineage of mammals that made deer and the like.
Yep, good old cloven hoofed mammals. Cetaceans even have stomachs with multiple chambers like they do!
3:55 , question is now has a plausible answer.
As told indohyus was found in northern India -pakistan.
Same in western India , a huge snake fossil is found named vasuki indicus.
It's longest snake ever found.
Indohyus might be primarily diet of vasuki and that led to indohyus transitioning to whales.
Ok, so I’m old school PBS. This series is giving off 90’s NOVA vibes, and I LOVE it!
They didn't evolve from artiodactyls, they are artiodactyls. My favourite group of mammals, just beautiful variety. The biggest known animal, the largest ever terrestrial carnivorous mammal and beutiful animals like deers included.
What's the largest terrestrial carnivorous mammal?
I think that's what she meant "They evolved from (other) artiodactyls" just like how birds evolved from dinosaurs, but they still count as dinosaurs
Polar Bear
Pfhorrest Andrewsarchus Mongoliensis, but I heard that the short faced bear might take that title away.
Depends really, artiodactyls and cetacea usually are considered separate clades, but now with better proof of a common ancestor many biologists are making the push to redefine the two clades as one called Cetartiodactyla. So both answers are technically correct, while I would say defining them as one clade is more correct.
Fascinating! I love this channel. Thank you for producing consistently awesome content.
Prehistoric fish: “hey man land looks so cool wish i could go there”
Evolution: *gives them legs*
Prehistoric fish: “wow so cool, thanks man!”
Whales: *”nah gimme those fins back”*
Whales are nature's tradiotionalists.
Slowing things down both in the edit and the line delivery was a really really good decisions.
One of my favorite transitions in evolutionary history
*I DON'T THINK YOU UNDERSTAND HOW MUCH I LOVE WHALES* I already knew all of this (no joke) but I just can't get over how fascinating this is ❤💖💓💕💗💙💚💛💜💝💞💟🐋🐳😍😍😍
My high school experience would have gone a lot differently if any of my teachers talked with even some of her enthusiasm about their topic. Hard to find people that get stoked about their field who want to deal with brats I guess...
your high school teacher has to talk about the same thing over and over again...unlike this woman who only had to talk once for the video
Just amazing how life unfolds and evolves. Thanks for the great videos!
A video about the evolution of snakes, please.
I watched a second time, and I wish I could give a second like... :(
I love the big gaps in the evolution sequence of all animals.😂😂 you could just show a tree a shrub and then an octopus “ and that’s how trees evolved into an octopus.😂🙈
thanks for giving me another way to flex my knowledge to my class.
Last time I was this early whales were walking
My new favorite channel
Great to hear, thanks! (BdeP)
Honestly the evolutionary chain for whales has been the most fascinating thing to me since I was little. I don't know why but it just is
I have a little giggle at 3:11 every time because when she says "it even had a special ankle bone called an astagalus" it's basically "it had a special ankle bone called an ankle"...
The benefits of being bilingual
I love this content so much. Thank you for sharing. 🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼
Transitioning whales are Soo brave
Bruh 😂😂
They are scary
Hippos still undecided on whether to lose legs for flippers and go full aquatic.
The enlightened centrists of the animal kingdom.
Wonderful information. I remember studying the subject and learned whales walked at the same time pigs learned to fly.
This is one of those fascinating evolutionary transitions in life either from the water or into land that have occurred many times but rarely in ways that can be easily studied other than whales most of those transitions seem to have happened way too long ago to leave a very complete fossil record.
For instance the large sea reptiles that transitioned back towards the ocean during the Triassic (notably right after the great dying cleared out much of the ocean native competition)
I think the only of the mesozoic sea reptiles we really know what exactly they came from group wise were the Mosasaurus which were relatives of snakes and monitor lizards
What about seals?
Seals and otters are in the same order (Carnivora), alongside bears, dogs, and cats.
Seals are also much less specialized for aquatic life than whales, but at least they still know how to seal the deal.
aleix1203 current me if I'm wrong, but I think alice pope- Terry was referring to the fact that they too are mammals who are making the transition to life in the water?
Seals rely on land to be able to complete various cycles of their life. Sirenians and whales are the only mammals who live wholly aquatic lives.
Exactly. The pinnipeds all HAVE to haul out onto the land to mate and give birth as far as I'm aware while the Sirenians and Ceteceans CAN'T leave the water without risking death (some Orca's in South America have developed hunting behaviours that take them up into the surf zone and even out of the water, but they run the risk of being completely stranded with fatal results if they go to far and get stuck).
Pedro Rocha lol
This is so so so amazing to me. It’s just incredible to think that Indohyus was largely responsible for all of the cetaceans and their lineages.... like, it’s just mind boggling idk why man
Thank you so, so much for another great video and for furthering public education! Cheers!
I requested this!!!!!!
good request! interesting topic
I saw the notification and I went WHAT? out loud and now me and my sister are weirded out after seeing this video
“The only other mammals that moved from land to water are manatees and dugongs.”
**sad seal & otter noises**
The ear bone would have given the land mammal an edge when hunting in the water. This could lead to generations spending more and more time in the water, evolution takes place over time and you've got the transition mammal
I absolutely love this channel keep up the good work
Imagine digging up bones and finding the creature that whales evolved from
well, we can keep imagining since nothing such as that exists
@@BadiArt Maybe you are living in your own fantasy world where unicorns and fairies and supernatural beings exist.
@@BadiArt shut up creationists, there is a lot of evidence for whale transition from a small land dwelling animal to a colossal ocean going sea creatures, you just denied a lot of the evidence
3:29 all of a sudden wailord + skitty makes slightly more sense.
Ancient fish: * spends millions of years adapting to live on land *
Whales: "Haha, water go splash!"
Fun fact:a baby whale size is 23 feet