Can you explain why the typical shape of a crystal on the analyzer looks like that? The positive spike I get - it passes more energy when its in resonance - but why is there a negative spike when the frequency is a bit higher?
A crystal can series resonate... at a lower frequency... and parallel resonate at a higher frequency. To see this, you can model a crystal... you can see there is an inductor in series with a capacitor... across the input terminals of the crystal. But there is also another capacitor directly across the input terminals. To explain further...draw a coil in series with a capacitor... label one end of the series circuit, X1, and the other X2. X1 and X2 are the terminals of the crystal called X...and the the inductor, in series with the capacitor, represents the crystal's series mode of resonance. Now draw another capacitor from X1 to X2 (so now there is an additional capacitor in parallel with the crystal's terminals) This extra capacitor is added to account for the crystal's parallel resonance mode. If you do the algebra, you can verify that the crystal can resonate at a lower frequency in the series mode, and at a higher frequency in the parallel mode. You need to understand the difference between series an parallel resonance characteristics... but the fact the crystal has those two modes explains the two resonances you see on the spectrum analyzer. The inductance, and the series and parallel capacitances, are resulting from the physical properties of the crystal, and the plates that are holding it inside the can.
I did a quick sanity check with different headphones and different system, and found the mic to be on only the right channel for these two videos, but not the one previous to the max038 video, where the mic plays to both audio channels. Strange, but it may be just me, and certainly won’t keep me away from your excellent content.
It depends on their frequencies, both nominal and as-built. For two with very close frequencies, putting two in parallel in a VXO-like circuit can allow a wider frequency range but at a trade-off of less frequency stability. Series or parallel ceramic resonators, together with other components, are also useful for building filters with different characteristics than one could get from a single resonator.
Crystal technology has made tremendous advances over the last few decades in that they’re much cheaper to manufacture now in volumes, and they’re much more accurate: +/-100ppm is no longer a select grade, but about the crappiest that one can get.
this really resonated with the audience! why does he sound 12, & is trying to put his RC car back together!!🤣the 👁MSAI has cheated?😇get out of town!! U'r educational experiences have really resonated with me 2 day! don't make him sound 2 smart!all charged & ready 2 drain!!
Thanks for this, I didn't realise how much sharper a crystal is compared with a resonator. Good to see it illustrated.
I found your channel today and i love your entusiasm! Keep up the good work!
Crystal's resonance also varies less with temperature and voltage.
The Sinclair ZX81 computer uses a 3 pin ceramic resonator for the clock. As it's such a slow machine to begin with, it works fine. LOL.
I came down here to add the same comment 😮
What's in Part-2?
Teardown.
Also do a video on the MEMS based oscillators.
teardown would look similar to this: ua-cam.com/video/3ZN8Cw8Tm40/v-deo.html
Can you explain why the typical shape of a crystal on the analyzer looks like that? The positive spike I get - it passes more energy when its in resonance - but why is there a negative spike when the frequency is a bit higher?
A crystal can series resonate... at a lower frequency... and parallel resonate at a higher frequency. To see this, you can model a crystal... you can see there is an inductor in series with a capacitor... across the input terminals of the crystal. But there is also another capacitor directly across the input terminals. To explain further...draw a coil in series with a capacitor... label one end of the series circuit, X1, and the other X2. X1 and X2 are the terminals of the crystal called X...and the the inductor, in series with the capacitor, represents the crystal's series mode of resonance. Now draw another capacitor from X1 to X2 (so now there is an additional capacitor in parallel with the crystal's terminals) This extra capacitor is added to account for the crystal's parallel resonance mode. If you do the algebra, you can verify that the crystal can resonate at a lower frequency in the series mode, and at a higher frequency in the parallel mode. You need to understand the difference between series an parallel resonance characteristics... but the fact the crystal has those two modes explains the two resonances you see on the spectrum analyzer. The inductance, and the series and parallel capacitances, are resulting from the physical properties of the crystal, and the plates that are holding it inside the can.
I'll do a video on that in the future
@@willthecat3861 Thank you for the explanation!
@@kurtiunlisted8589 Fesz electronics did excellent series on crystals with spice simulations and detailed explanations
Merci, very interesting.
For some reason your audio seems to be mono through right channel, same with the max038 video
all my audio is single microphone
sounds fine on this end!
I did a quick sanity check with different headphones and different system, and found the mic to be on only the right channel for these two videos, but not the one previous to the max038 video, where the mic plays to both audio channels. Strange, but it may be just me, and certainly won’t keep me away from your excellent content.
you are right, somehow my setting got the audio panned 50% to one side. I'll try to fix that in the future.
@@IMSAIGuy strange, okay thanks!
What happens when two identical ceramic resonators are placed in series or parallel?
why would u do that?? can't tame that current?? dangerous undertow!
It depends on their frequencies, both nominal and as-built. For two with very close frequencies, putting two in parallel in a VXO-like circuit can allow a wider frequency range but at a trade-off of less frequency stability. Series or parallel ceramic resonators, together with other components, are also useful for building filters with different characteristics than one could get from a single resonator.
ua-cam.com/video/3uRA1p6OotA/v-deo.html
I never heard of ceramic resonators. Thanks for the learning. But I don’t get the cost argument. Crystals are cheap in my mind.
the cost comment was about actual product engineering where you are going to sell one million units.
Crystal technology has made tremendous advances over the last few decades in that they’re much cheaper to manufacture now in volumes, and they’re much more accurate: +/-100ppm is no longer a select grade, but about the crappiest that one can get.
david west youtube channel
this really resonated with the audience! why does he sound 12, & is trying to put his RC car back together!!🤣the 👁MSAI has cheated?😇get out of town!!
U'r educational experiences have really resonated with me 2 day! don't make him sound 2 smart!all charged & ready 2 drain!!