Hydrogeology 101: Theis Method

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  • Опубліковано 26 гру 2024

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  • @samirdehpoor3533
    @samirdehpoor3533 4 роки тому +10

    best video for S & T calculation through Theis method, i appreciate this and thanks to Mr Andreas

  • @sinanayenigul8731
    @sinanayenigul8731 10 місяців тому +4

    You are by far the ever best tutor for concepts and analyses in hydrogeology. Another curious thing, you even bothered yourself teaching trick on excel where ppl might get stuck at the very beginning. What an approach of a great soul.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  10 місяців тому

      Thank you so much Sinana Yenigül! I really appreciate your kind words!!! All the best, Andreas

  • @caramelly6417
    @caramelly6417 4 роки тому +9

    Thank you for all these videos!!! They’re absolutely wonderful at explaining the concepts clearly. A real lifesaver for me who’s a hydrology course this semester. It’s so much more fun watching these videos than reading a textbook

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  4 роки тому

      You're very welcome Ho Nga! Learning should be fun, and nowadays we have the technology to make it more interesting. However, I do hope that you still read your textbooks. All the best, Andreas

  • @andresjanz
    @andresjanz 3 роки тому +2

    Fantastically simple explanation of an otherwise complex topic, well done !!!

  • @cwood3988
    @cwood3988 Рік тому +3

    I needed a quick refresher on some hydrogeology concepts and this was incredibly helpful. Thank you for posting!

  • @ninhkieuanh6972
    @ninhkieuanh6972 3 роки тому +1

    Sir! I have to say that your friendly voice and detail instruction make me feel so comfortable to learn the lesson. Thank you very much and I feel so lucky knowing about this useful video. Wish you all the best!

  • @civilengineering7329
    @civilengineering7329 4 роки тому +1

    Sir thank you very much.
    Tomorrow is my exam and you have make my day by explaining in the simplest way.
    The best video on you tube on this topic

  • @hayatsibachir
    @hayatsibachir Рік тому +2

    thank you so much siir , can you tell me in 9:25 what is the value of E in (6.2E-0.4/1.440) please !

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Hi Hayat, it is just scientific notation, so 6.2e-4 in decimal form = 0.00062
      All the best, Andreas

  • @tobers_j
    @tobers_j 2 роки тому +1

    This has been such a lifesaver, and helped me in a really intense (and open book) exam, thanks so much!

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  2 роки тому

      You're very welcome Toby! All the best, Andreas

    • @Mahougnon
      @Mahougnon 2 роки тому

      Have u done it how much did you get?

    • @tobers_j
      @tobers_j 2 роки тому

      @@Mahougnon I'm still doing it actually! But I can tell you when I get my results back if you wish ☺️

    • @Mahougnon
      @Mahougnon 2 роки тому

      How do u plot the t/r2. It is against which value

    • @Mahougnon
      @Mahougnon 2 роки тому

      Me too I'm still doing

  • @amulyar2746
    @amulyar2746 3 роки тому +2

    The way you teach is so good 🙏🏼😊

  • @kaleemashraf8324
    @kaleemashraf8324 3 роки тому +1

    This is a hard work to convey aquifer test analysis...
    Thanks a lot..

  • @Tom-ks9xl
    @Tom-ks9xl Рік тому +1

    Thank you so much for All this exzellent content!

  • @abengineeral
    @abengineeral Рік тому +1

    Your presentation is very helpful up to now sir. Thank you for making this video. I have some concerns or problem on how to interpret the table of values of Kruseman & de Ribber. I hope you can make a separate tutorial on this. Thanks a lot .

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      @abengineeral Thank you for your kind words.
      I assume that you are referring to the table in Annex 3.1 Values of the Theis well function W(u) for confined aquifers (after Walton 1962)? The values in this table are used to draw the type curves where you plot 1/u on the x-axis versus W(u) on the y-axis using log-log paper. Then you need to plot your water level drawdowns also on log-log paper and try to get a fit with the type curves, as I showed early in the video.
      This is a good training exercise for new hydrogeology students, but it takes time. We can use digital alternatives to do the same thing. Carlos Molano has a nice tool to do this - see his video: ua-cam.com/video/iNhwT2yXlNA/v-deo.html
      My approach is slightly different. You select the Transmissivity and Storativity values for your aquifer using the sliders, and then the theoretical drawdown curve is calculated in the background using VBA. Once you have the best fit, you can use these T & S values for the pumping test. Note that you need observation well data to estimate Storativity and Transmissivity. If you only have pumping test data you can get the Transmissivity, but not the Storativity.
      Note that the VBA code locked, as I don't want people to edit the code and get the wrong answers. All the best, Andreas

  • @hk6659
    @hk6659 3 роки тому +2

    Very useful to finish my assignment :) Thanks for the lecture and files 😀

  • @michaelitemba8789
    @michaelitemba8789 Рік тому

    Great explanation on that Theis

  • @Massin777
    @Massin777 11 місяців тому

    even tho, my english isnt that proper , i'd like to thank you for facilating your accent , because somehow i understood all of what u said , thank u sir and god bless

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  11 місяців тому +1

      Happy to hear that Massin! You can always switch on the sub-titles if that helps. For this video currently available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic & Hindi.

  • @OlegLee100
    @OlegLee100 Рік тому +1

    Thank you very much for video! I have a little question about Euler's constant (2:50). It looks like a variable for integral rather than constant.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Hi Oleg, have a look at the original Theis (1935) paper: water.usgs.gov/ogw/pubs/Theis-1935.pdf All the best, Andreas

  • @mhick3333
    @mhick3333 10 місяців тому +1

    Great presentation.

  • @FatAb-c5u
    @FatAb-c5u Рік тому +2

    احله شرح عاشت ايدك واضح جدا

  • @BongominJoachim
    @BongominJoachim Рік тому +1

    I am interested in using Theis equation to estimate Transmissivity (T) and Storativity (S) for a single well but there is no observation well. Measurement of draw down and recovery data is available for borehole well used by community. Your guidance is welcome

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Hi Joachim, as a rule of thumb you can only estimate Transmissivity from a pumping well. This is because it is very difficult to accurately correct for well losses and also well storage effects. I would not trust any storativity value calculated from a pumping well. All the best, Andreas

  • @your_geoengineer
    @your_geoengineer 2 роки тому +1

    Great, thank for make ez the work of my professor, please create more similar videos.😃

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  2 роки тому

      Hi Jesús, I would love to make more videos but I'm too busy at the moment with project work. All the best, Andreas

  • @Runescape_God
    @Runescape_God Рік тому +2

    Thank you! I’m getting #NAME errors in the excel workbook in columns E and F, do you happen to know why that might be?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      The Theis curve is calculated using VBA. Have you allowed VBA in the Excel settings? All the best, Andreas

  • @GuilhermeCosta-j6q
    @GuilhermeCosta-j6q 11 місяців тому +1

    How do you calculate "s" (drawdown) from Theis formula in excel sheet? Do you use any approximation or truncation from original infinite series?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  11 місяців тому +1

      Hi Guilherme, I found the code for the approximation of the Theis well function many years ago from a university course, but I have lost the source. Cannot find it on Google either so maybe it has been taken down. Anyway, please see VBA code below. All the best, Andreas
      ****************************************
      Function Wu(u As Double) As Double
      Dim a0 As Single, a1 As Single, a2 As Single, a3 As Single, a4 As Single, a5 As Single
      Dim b1 As Single, b2 As Single, b3 As Single, b4 As Single
      a0 = -0.5772156649
      a1 = 0.99999193
      a2 = -0.24991055
      a3 = 0.05519968
      a4 = -0.00976004
      a5 = 0.00107857
      b1 = 2.334733
      b2 = 0.250621
      b3 = 3.330657
      b4 = 1.681534
      If u < 1 Then
      Dim t As Double
      t = (a2 + (u * (a3 + (u * (a4 + (u * a5))))))
      Wu = (-1 * Log(u)) + a0 + (u * (a1 + (u * t)))
      Else
      Wu = Exp(-u) / u * (u * u + b1 * u + b2) / (u * u + b3 * u + b4)
      End If
      End Function

    • @GuilhermeCosta-j6q
      @GuilhermeCosta-j6q 11 місяців тому +1

      @@GeosearchInternational I've found out the references of your VBA code couple days ago. The approximation comes from two works: (1) Hastings, C. Jr. 1955. Approximations for Digital Computers. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. and (2) Allen, E. E. 1954. Analytical Approximations. Math. Tables Aids Comp., 8(48), 240-241. These references are quite hard to find online because they are a little bit old papers, but you can reach the same coefficients you used on excel sheets to the same range of u values.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  11 місяців тому +1

      Hi Guilherme, thanks so much for solving this mystery! All the best, Andreas

  • @Runescape_God
    @Runescape_God Рік тому +1

    Thank you! For the excel workbook, I keep getting errors in the "s calc" and "error [m'" columns, with "#NAME?" appearing, do you happen to know why that might be? My theis curve isn't showing up on the graph either. Thanks!

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      #NAME? error appears when a formula or function cannot find the referenced data it needs to complete the calculation. Make sure that you add all the required data in the green cells. All the best, Andreas

  • @travelwonder
    @travelwonder Рік тому +1

    Hi Andreas, I was just wondering about the basic question which is how to initially decide which aquifer is of which type? After this answer, we can apply specific well-pumping data analysis methods. Please answer and if possible make a video on this very basic question from Hydrogeologists. Thanks a lot

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому +1

      That is an important question & you are right it would make a nice short video. What type of aquifer it is (confined, leaky-confined, unconfined) can be guessed during the desk study. You will need to figure out the geological units and how the water levels in existing boreholes relate to them. If the static water level is within an aquifer, it is probably unconfined. If it is above the top surface of the aquifer, it is definitively confined but if it is leaky-confined or not depends on the permeability of the confining layer and if there is a source of water above it. Once we drill we can see what the water level does once we have drilled through the aquifer, to confirm the type. Be careful though in fracture aquifers as mostly we want to intersect the fracture at depth, so the water strike is usually well below the final static water level. It does not mean that it is confined.
      The final proof is the pumping test. If you only have one pumping well you should be able to tell from the shape of the drawdown curve what you are dealing with. e.g. in unconfined aquifers we should get delayed yield - a flat period in the middle of the test when the drawdown almost stabilises. However, it is best to have at at least one observation well so you can calculate the storativity. All the best, Andreas

    • @travelwonder
      @travelwonder Рік тому +1

      @@GeosearchInternational Thanks Andreas for the explained reply. If you find time and ready to work on next video(s) then please explain this in your typical style as it will make things very easy and self explainatoy. It would be of help for me and many others. All the best!

  • @marioivanmauriciofuentes6925
    @marioivanmauriciofuentes6925 Рік тому +2

    Me ayudo bastante. Gracias

  • @geologistdinesh
    @geologistdinesh Рік тому +1

    Yes sir thanks for your kind message sent to me. I want an excel sheet regarding pumping well test analysis. not in an observation well.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Hi Chinthaka, you can use this Theis tool to estimate the Transmissivity of the aquifer. Just use the radius of the well as R. However, note that Storativity can only be calculated from observation well data. Have a look also at the Cooper-Jacob straight line method which has other advantages like being able to see aquifer boundaries. Here is the link:
      ua-cam.com/channels/vnRoF32DJNLtNb-PGqEwjQ.html All the best, Andreas

  • @ashuri4935
    @ashuri4935 3 роки тому +1

    Thanks for the great video and files :)
    Is there any video that explain about step drawdown test?

  • @ibrahimasante9420
    @ibrahimasante9420 6 місяців тому +1

    please which software did you use

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  6 місяців тому

      Hi Ibrahim, the presentation is PowerPoint and the Excel tool uses VBA to calculate the Theis curve. All the best, Andreas

  • @josephmaudjorm1374
    @josephmaudjorm1374 Рік тому +1

    I can't figure out how i can adjust the storativity and transitivity

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Transmissivity and Storativity are calculated by Excel. You need to put in the data & fit it to the Theis curve as shown in the video: ua-cam.com/video/YMcRRIe4iAg/v-deo.html
      Good luck & all the best, Andreas

    • @rudyperrichon6950
      @rudyperrichon6950 Рік тому +1

      @@GeosearchInternational i have the same problem. I keep getting errors in the "s calc" and "error [m'" columns, with "#NAME?" appearing,

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Hi Rudy, Assuming that you have enabled Macros in your Excel security settings, see if the original file works as I have shown in the video. If you put your own data in, make sure that all the GREEN cells have values. All the best, Andreas

  • @alijafari2511
    @alijafari2511 Місяць тому +1

    Hi. Thanks for your video. Can I have this excel file?

  • @geologistdinesh
    @geologistdinesh Рік тому +1

    Dear Mr Andreas could you send me this excell sheet for calculation S and T for pumping well

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Hi Chinthaka, if you look in the description below any of my videos you will find links to relevant documents and any excel tools which I use in the video.
      Link to Theis Macro-enabled Excel file: bit.ly/35sXDO5
      You need to download it and then enable the macros when you open it in Excel. Link to the Theis (1935) paper: water.usgs.gov/ogw/pubs/Theis-1935.pdf All the best, Andreas

  • @Nahom18
    @Nahom18 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks for amazing teaching, Can we apply these & other conventional methods for recharge test ' where discharge to injected water and drawdown as draw rise????? any useful materials?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  2 роки тому +1

      Hi Nahom, yes you can use the same techniques because injection is just like a (negative) pumping test. However, you should be aware that the aquifer transmissivities from injection tests are often only 50% of those calculated from the same well during a normal pumping test. I understand that it is probably due to aquifer clogging and entrainment of air bubbles. Have a look at this paper from Israel: www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/9/1/53/htm All the best, Andreas

    • @Nahom18
      @Nahom18 2 роки тому +2

      @@GeosearchInternational Thanks , you are so generous to get your attention for my question , If you don't mind , is there any way to avoid disturbance of curve matching ,do we need like to change raw data like putting -ve ?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  2 роки тому +1

      Hi Nahom, If you want to use the standard pumping test curves I guess you should just think of the rising water levels are drawdown - so just multiply by -1, so that they are positive numbers. All the best, Andreas

  • @matheuspena8
    @matheuspena8 3 роки тому +1

    Really good. Thank you so much

  • @martinpadera8963
    @martinpadera8963 2 роки тому +1

    Hello, can you reaupload your excel file? Link already doesnt work...excelent presentation! Thanks

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  2 роки тому

      Thanks Martin, the excel file is here: bit.ly/35sXDO5
      I just tried it and it works. You will need to click on the download button (down arrow) on the top right of the screen to get the file from Google Drive. Then open in Excel & allow macros. All the best, Andreas

    • @martinpadera8963
      @martinpadera8963 2 роки тому +1

      Thank you, got it! May I ask you one more question - does also exist spreadsheet for pumping well analysis?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  2 роки тому

      Hi Martin, For the pumping tests please have a look in the Hydrogeology 101 playlist. I have shared one on Theis and also the Cooper-Jacob straight line method. All the best, Andreas

  • @videosworldwide24
    @videosworldwide24 4 роки тому +1

    Hello please for Theis - recovery test I did not see any video about it could show video similary to this test ?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  4 роки тому

      Hi Mohammad, I will make a video on recovery analysis soon. All the best, Andreas

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  3 роки тому

      Sorry, I'm doing some videos on resistivity surveys at the moment. Please have a look at Kruseman & de Ridder in the meantime: www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/dutch/key/Kruseman_and_De_Ridder_2000.pdf

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  3 роки тому

      Welcome! All the best, Andreas

  • @michaelitemba8789
    @michaelitemba8789 Рік тому

    Please who developed the excel for the theis method you are using?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      Hi Michael, The design layout was inspired by an Excel tool from Carlos Molano (ua-cam.com/video/iNhwT2yXlNA/v-deo.html), but the methodology is different. My tool does not move the data to fit on the Theis curve. It calculates the Theis curve based on the T & S entered by the user. The calculations are made by some VBA code in the background. All the best, Andreas

  • @25madhumitha58
    @25madhumitha58 3 роки тому +2

    What is 'u'?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  3 роки тому +2

      u = r^2 S/4Tt, where r is the distance to the pumping well, S is storativity, T is transmissivity and t is the time since pumping began. If you want to dig into the maths behind it you should read the original paper by CV Theis (1935). You can find it here: water.usgs.gov/ogw/pubs/Theis-1935.pdf All the best, Andreas

  • @geologistdinesh
    @geologistdinesh Рік тому +1

    Thank you sir

  • @abdikadiralibade9074
    @abdikadiralibade9074 2 роки тому +1

    Well understood! Thanks to @Geosearch International. May I get please where I can get the excel - may links.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  2 роки тому

      You are welcome Abdikadir! All the links are in the description below the video.
      Link to Theis Macro-enabled Excel file: bit.ly/35sXDO5
      You need to download it and then enable the macros when you open it in Excel. All the best, Andreas

  • @ING_CG01
    @ING_CG01 4 роки тому +2

    Where can I download the spreadsheet! Great video.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  4 роки тому

      Hi César, Glad you like the video. Here is the link to the Theis Macro-enabled Excel file: bit.ly/35sXDO5
      You need to download it and then enable the macros when you open it in Excel. All the best, Andreas

    • @ING_CG01
      @ING_CG01 4 роки тому +1

      @@GeosearchInternational Thank you very much Dr. Andreas, for the spreadsheet, it will be very useful for me to teach Theis equation to my undergraduate students. Regards from Chiriquí, Panamá.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  4 роки тому

      You are most welcome. I made a Hydrogeology Toolbox many years ago - see www.geosearch.co.uk/resources/resources.htm - which I'm updating at the moment. So much can be done in Excel. Un saludo desde España, Andreas

  • @rudyperrichon6950
    @rudyperrichon6950 Рік тому

    What is the differences between Theis method ans Thiem method ?

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      The Theis equation is for non-steady state groundwater flow in a confined aquifer. It means that groundwater is still coming out of storage and water levels have not reached equilibrium.
      The Thiem equation is for steady state groundwater flow in a confined aquifer. It means that the water levels have reached equilibrium & no water is taken out of storage.
      As it costs a lot of money to reach steady state, most pumping tests are analysed using Theis equation or equations based on Theis, such as the Cooper-Jacob straight line method.
      We would use Thiem to estimate long term inflows into excavations/mines.
      All the best, Andreas

  • @girasekundan8717
    @girasekundan8717 Рік тому +1

    is there any way we can get the password for unlocking the file????

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      You can unlock all the sheets and change the contents as you wish. It is not protected. The VBA code is locked, because any changes there will make the Theis calculations invalid. All the best, Andreas

  • @migellemiranda2848
    @migellemiranda2848 3 роки тому +1

    Can you use this equation to make a drawdown curve under steady state conditions

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  3 роки тому

      Hi Migelle, The Theis equation is for non-steady state conditions only. For steady state we use the Thiem equation for confined aquifers and the Dupuit-Forchheimer equation for unconfined aquifers. Please have a look at:
      ua-cam.com/video/-tsLFsz-Ncs/v-deo.html
      ua-cam.com/video/zVIHbhhR9-M/v-deo.html
      All the best, Andreas

    • @migellemiranda2848
      @migellemiranda2848 3 роки тому +1

      @@GeosearchInternational ​ @Geosearch International Thank you for your response! However I'm still stumped bc the well is unconfined and non steady state but we're expected to make drawdown curve. There are no tutorials on the newman method on the internet. Is it similar to this approach? I appreciate your help!

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  3 роки тому

      Hi Migelle,
      For unconfined, non-steady state pumping tests you can use the Neuman method, or to start with just use the Cooper-Jacob straight line method. After the early data, you will see a flattering of the curve (delayed yield) and then it should go down again. Just put a straight line through this late data. For the Cooper-Jacob video see: ua-cam.com/video/4pU336P_TX4/v-deo.html
      If you want to try the Neuman method, please have a look at the Excel tool by @Carlos Molano: ua-cam.com/video/oFwnragYCss/v-deo.html
      All the best, Andreas

  • @duncanpknights
    @duncanpknights 3 роки тому +1

    thanks for this!

  • @dhuvayicsimanyiwa197
    @dhuvayicsimanyiwa197 4 роки тому +1

    How are you sir, i am doing a self taught hydrogeology course, thanks very much for your video which is very clear, much appreciated. however I have a few questions.
    1) I would love to know how best can I use the transmittivity and storativity data to size the pump that can be used to extract water from such a borehole?
    2) is it always the case that whenever carying a borehole capacity test there should be an observation well?
    Thanks in advance sir.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  4 роки тому +2

      Dear Dhuvayi, I'm happy that you like the video. I'm doing a couple of QGIS videos at the moment, but will come back to new pumping test videos soon. To answer your questions:
      1) Transmissivity & Storativity is mostly used more for aquifer resources calculations, which includes modelling. For selecting a pump for a water well you need to look at the pumping (dynamic) water level and the pump discharge, as there can be high well losses especially in basement aquifers. If you do a 24h or 72h pumping test and the water levels are still declining you need to extrapolate that over the full length of the dry season so that you don't take a pump with a too high discharge. i.e. we need to look at projected pumping water levels & also do some sustainability calculations. I have Excel tools that do all this & will explain in future videos. As a rule of thumb it is best to take a pump which is about 70% of the maximum pumping test discharge. When you chose the pump, you should also consider head losses between the well and your water tank or wherever you will take the water to. There are many different pumps & they all have an optimum discharge-head relationship so you need to chose the correct one.
      2) If we do a pumping test without an observation well, then we cannot calculate the Storativity of the aquifer. i.e. we can only estimate the Transmissivity. As observation wells are an additional cost, often they are not drilled and we need to guess the storativity. However, if you look around your project area, there could be existing wells which can be used for observation well data.
      All the best, Andreas

    • @dhuvayicsimanyiwa197
      @dhuvayicsimanyiwa197 4 роки тому +1

      @@GeosearchInternational thank you very much sir for your crystal clear explanation, very insightful, I have downloaded excel sheets for both Cooper-Jacob Straight line method and Theis Method you posted on your videos, which I hope will be very useful for me in future. As for QGIS I have to follow as well as I'm a newbie to it, at college I learnt about ArcGIS.

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  4 роки тому

      You are welcome Dhuvayi! I also used ESRI software since 1999, but it is just too expensive, so I am now using QGIS which can do everything which I need. Also QGIS is much easier to learn. All the best, Andreas

  • @jovijoe388
    @jovijoe388 2 роки тому +1

    good explaine _think you

  • @FatAb-c5u
    @FatAb-c5u Рік тому +2

    ياريت لو تترجم جميع فديواتك للعربي

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      I will try to see if it possible to translate the subtitles. All the best, Andreas

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому +1

      هل يمكنك إلقاء نظرة على الترجمة باللغة العربية وإخباري إذا كانت الترجمة صحيحة؟ يمكنك اختيار اللغة في الإعدادات - وهذا هو الرمز الذي يشبه الترس.

    • @FatAb-c5u
      @FatAb-c5u Рік тому +1

      نعم جدا واضحه وصحيحه @@GeosearchInternational

    • @GeosearchInternational
      @GeosearchInternational  Рік тому

      مرحباً بك

  • @ketansondarva7509
    @ketansondarva7509 3 роки тому +1

    very nice video

  • @hamzaameerr1381
    @hamzaameerr1381 4 роки тому +1

    best explained

  • @sarajuddinoria2461
    @sarajuddinoria2461 4 роки тому +1

    thank you

  • @pickledota
    @pickledota 4 роки тому +1

    thx a lot

  • @sepidehmajd593
    @sepidehmajd593 3 роки тому +1

    big big big big likeeeeee

  • @morganjennings3164
    @morganjennings3164 4 роки тому +1

    COOOOL