Linux Commands I Use All the Time
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- Опубліковано 31 тра 2024
- In this video, I go over Linux commands I use all the time. I will be going over a variety of commands in this video and showing the basics of how I navigate the Linux terminal. .
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I love the terminal too, although I'm far from an expert. One of my favourite features is ”!!”.
Let's say you are trying to do something and enter a long commands line, only to find that you don't have permission to run it. Then just type ”sudo !!” and it will run the last commands again with sudo. Saves time! Yes, I know that you can hit the up arrow key and then ctrl+a sudo , but the double exclamation marks are more elegant, I think.
Nice tip--thanks!
Me likey! t y. I think it's hard to be an "expert" given how much comes packed into a terminal. It's pretty phenomenal all the CLI programs that come with most distros.
I did not know 😉
Thank for the tip!
Rather than give a specific command, I'll give a recommendation for my favorite book for learning all of these commands... Linux in a Nutshell. It's like having all of the man pages for all of the basic commands for Linux shells in one dead-tree place. It makes a great reference if you just pick it up for 5-15 minutes at a time and randomly pick a command to scope out.
Chris: Hey honey, can I get a sandwitch?
Wife: NO
Chris: sudo make sandwitch
Makefile:445: recipe for target 'sandwitch' failed
Make[2]: *** [sandwitch.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/yourlife/src'
Makefile:505: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
Makefile:379: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
xkcd.com/149/
I love the way you mispronounce "tilde" (til-duh) as "tidely".
Be aware: Terminal *is* case sensitive, HELLO does not equal hello.
Linux is case sensitive.
@@zebilaweed true
that was one of the biggest hurdles for me I swear it! That and crossover scripting like !command #command /command \command ( ....breaths Deeply ) help
SOB I KNEW IT
COMMA D
/FILE 'COMMA D
(Shuts computer off in frustration)
So true! When I moved over to Linux, half my code wouldn’t compile because my #include’s used the wrong case.
@@zebilaweed i think it is most accurate to say that the shell is case sensitive
Top tip: If you like ls -l by default you can define aliases, for example I have mine set as
alias ls="ls --color=auto -lrt"
so now I get a default long listing when using ls, in colour, and time reverse order, i.e most recent items appear at the bottom.
Put it in your login profile to automatically set it every login, for bash that is .bash_profile and Bob's uncle. :D
My favorite command would have to be "sudo !!"
Very useful if you type in a long command and forget to put sudo in front of it.
btw cd without arguments takes you to the home directory :p
Also `cd -` takes you to the previous directory.
True. Or "cd ~" which I still use though I shouldn't, like how Chris tends to use "super su" while he knows better. :)
I haven't figured out yet how to go one level up and then one level down again (to a 'brother'-directory) with one command. For example if you have the folders B and C under A, you are in B and you want to go to C directly with one command and without entering B in it (not something like cd /.../B/C), just a way to combine the .. and the action to go down after that directly with one command.
@@elcugo indeed xD
@@peterjansen4826 like cd ../C? i mean how would you specify which "sibling" directory you want to descent to?
@@fuseteam
You are in ~/Downloads and you want to go to ~/Documents in one step. Something like cd../Documents would be nice. In this case it is only one cymbol for the home-folder but often it requires more typing.
Great stuff, Chris! I've been digging your channel for the past year, and have really learned a lot. I just made Arch Linux my daily driver a couple of months ago and have jumped on the UA-cam bandwagon with my own channel. I hope there's room for my voice in the Linux community. Thanks for your voice and inspiration.
Which network-manager do you use? Did you also have problems with a slow boot at first? I had to execute my network-manager (dhcpcd) on the background, it reduces the boottime with 10 seconds. :')
@@peterjansen4826 I use dhcpcd, and boot time is pretty good considering the age of my hardware and that I'm booting off an old hd. My laptop running Manjaro off a ssd boots crazy fast. One plan for 2020 is to build a new better, faster, stronger desktop. :)
Another great intro video Chris! CLI is so efficient and it 95% of my sysadmin job. I love bash-it, IMHO a great addition to any terminal. I use it with Terminator and my "triple terminal" preset! I love listening to people that share their tips and tricks, what they like and what they use. I continue to learn everyday... after 29 years in the business! And i LOVE Linux and all it offers! You made me want to try Arch Linux, i'm a RHEL/CentOS sysadmin. I use Ubuntu on my laptop...not by choice as i don't like it that much but it does the job... Anyway for me, anything but Winblows and Macs! Keep up the good work!
Thanks Chris for the video. There were a couple there I needed reminding of.
One thing I've read in every text and video I've watched on the subject is only to use the Root user when you have to, as you can seriously fry your system with a mistyped command for which there is no coming back from. Do your stuff as Root and exit out when done.
Couple additional things:
tar can handle multiple formats beyond .tar.gz -- at the very it also supports .tar.bz2 and .tar.xz (and of course just regular .tar files). Generally speaking there is a probably a way to handle it directly with tar if you see a file with tar in it.
tar also assumes the first parameter are your arguments, so if you were decompressing one of the above file types, you could actually do "tar xpf" instead of "tar -xpf" and you'd have the same behavior. Not a huge thing but you don't actually need to include the dash in your parameters.
This might be more of a shell thing than necessarily a command, but ! is super useful.
If you have a situation where you need to use root permissions to do something with sudo, but you forgot to actually use sudo, you can use !! to recall the previously called command -- then you can prepend sudo to that to call your previous command with sudo prepended without having to type out the entire command out again with "sudo !!"
Similar to Chris's "mkdir junk" example, if I tried to create a folder in my root /home directory as a normal user:
/home $ mkdir newfolder
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘newfolder’: Permission denied
Then I can just re-run that previous command with sudo prepended to it:
/home $ sudo !!
sudo mkdir newfolder
Password:
/home $ ls
chris newfolder
You can also recall earlier commands using ! in conjunction with the history command. I use gentoo, so if I tried to do an install earlier in the day that didn't work since I wasn't running it as root, I could use a similar syntax to rerun a different command as root:
chris@gentoo-testing ~ $ history|grep -i emerge
56 emerge -pv fcitx-qt5 mozc kcm-fcitx
57 emerge -av fcitx-qt5 mozc kcm-fcitx
58 emerge -av fcitx-qt5 mozc kcm-fcitx
chris@gentoo-testing ~ $ sudo !57
sudo emerge -av fcitx-qt5 mozc kcm-fcitx
(can begin install process now)
You could also do the same thing with the su -c command if for some reason you didn't have sudo available, but it's probably a bit more complicated to use it that way:
/home $ rmdir newfolder/
rmdir: failed to remove 'newfolder/': Permission denied
/home $ su -c "!!"
su -c "rmdir newfolder/"
You'll need to put what you're trying to run in quotes, otherwise it's just going to interpret the "rmdir" (with no arguments) as your command and that you want to run it as the "newfolder" user:
/home $ su -c !!
su -c rmdir newfolder
No passwd entry for user 'newfolder'
this video is awesome I'm just learning Linux and you've just confirmed so many things for me that I thought were true but couldn't really wrap my head around, thank you so much!
Fun fact, you must have +x (execute) on a directory in order to do a ls of that directory.
Fun fact, umask sets up default file system flags.
@@1pcfred 🤣🤣
I dind't beleave you. I tried it as following and it was true. :-O
------------------
You need execute right (x) to ls folder (list folder content) on Linux:
mkdir testFolder
ls -la testFolder/
chmod -x testFolder/
ls -la testFolder/
#Output: ls can't access testFolder/. no permission
#Output: ls can't access testFolder/.. no permission
...thanks Chris. You've landed the Linux Jet once again. Great reference point summary.
Loving your videos Chris. Keep them coming bro
Being a newbie to Linux, your videos have been most helpful. 👍🏾
Yes, I was scared of the Linux terminal for a long time, but now I can handle some tricks. Thanks Chris!
some additional commands I use: killall, lsof, grep (in combo with many commands), shutdown, service, man, more, ping, netstat, and when you are all done, 'exit'. ;-)
Chris, you're a great source of inspiration. Thank you so much for all the knowledge you share!
Greetings from Argentina :)
I'll agree with that, although I wish he'd stop the Ubuntu bashing, it hurts Linux as a whole.
Greetings from Europe.
The command I have fallen in love with is rsync -av --progress. I have been reading, watching youtube videos, trial and error, trying to figure the command line out. I just want to take a moment to thank Microsoft from the bottom of my heart for helping me to discover and learn to appreciate the Linux command line! 😅
Sometimes I feel like I am the only person reading them but man...
man is the best command in all Unix like systems. There is such a huge amount of information on just about any command line program older than a year
Great video! A recap of my LPI Linux Essentials certification.
This is good stuff Chris, Thank you
Great series man! Thank you!!!
This is the type of content you should keep making. tutorials are great.
Great vid! added this one to my favorites!
Congratulations Chris, well done, good teaching, you just made and helped a dummy understand thank you.
As usual Chris a very interesting and useful video.
thank you Chris for this great video
I think It would be better to make 3 videos about linux commands cause there are a lots of them and it would be great to have 3 section like basic advanced and intermediate in this video or others
As always a pleasure learning from your videos day to day and more and more
Damnit! This is one of the best video in 2019. This is just great! Thank you Chris.
This was nothing as compare to joe collins vids.
I love the terminal as well! Its super awesome and the simplest commands makes you feel like pro hacker XD. Dont be scared to learn new users! When you have, you will be more productive then ever!
sudo !! Will repeat the last command as root. No need to hit the up arrow, move the cursor to the start, type sudo and hit enter. Also, lshw -C 'component' will show you some useful hardware based info. It suggests using sudo to get more info.
My favorite command is: "sudo pacman -R windows" 😁😁😁
The funny thing is that removing anything on Windows or adding anything to Windows is much easier on Linux than on Windows. On Linux I get direct access to a non-user folder, on W10 I have to fight the system to get access. :') MS really doesn't want the users to store anything directly under the root.
@@peterjansen4826 Not sure what you mean here really. On both Linux and Windows 10, you have unfettered access to your home directory and (unless you've given yourself ownership of it) have to provide your password to most other locations.
The difference is Windows 10 is really annoying about it. sudo remembers that you're authenticated for a while and Windows asks every time. Plus under certain circumstances on Windows, you have to enter the username too.
@@praetorxyn
I was very clear! On Windows10 you can't remove/add a file from/to your non-user folder. On Linux I can do that on the same Windows-partition where Windows doesn't allow it. On Linux I only need one very simple command to change the permissions on a folder to anything I like, on Windows10 you have to jump through hoops and search an hour for the GUI-way of solving it.
I don't criticize MS locking it down outside the user-folder, I criticize MS for not offering an elegant solution.
@@peterjansen4826
Arguably both Linux and Windows discourage storing anything under the root. Window with explicit policy, while Linux just looks at you sternly.
"Do you really want to store it under the root? There is nothing else here. It is like that for a reason." :D
@@tibfulv
I think that I 'said' so myself that on Linux you also can't store anything under root by default, the difference is that on Linux it is very easy, you simply enter a password or you chmod, on Windows you have to navigate through a maze to figure out how to change it. Do I want to store anything under root on Linux? No, file managers and the terminal open in the user-folder so that works fine for me. On Windows? That habit started for me because MS had it open at root instead of in the user-folder. Not directly under root but in a folder under root. What did I store there? Temporary videos (buffer, I have it externally stored but I wanted to watch it), a backup of a USB-stick, those kind of things. Yes, I could pin a bookmark but I didn't and don't like the GUI of their file-manager.
Great video, I agree with all of your selections. I'd add top (or htop) and also ln -s for symbolic linking. Also cat, less, more and tail.
I use that all the time when mounting secondary hard drives. I generally mount my secondary drives in /media and then ln -s them to my home folder. This keeps my backups easy to manage while backing up my home.
@@ChrisTitusTech That's interesting. I started using Linux before /media was around, so I tend to create a mount point off / for the new disk, then put that in fstab. I know some applications will try to automount new drives in media, but I don't use them. Another thing I can do, is nfs mount these drives on other machines by using exportfs and so on any machine I am on I have access to all my discs no matter where they are mounted at the same mount point on the local machine. I'll also nfs mount each home directory (or entire system) in the same way.
Another other command I use is killall -9 which a friend once told me was like putting a loaded shotgun in the mouth of a process and pulling the trigger.
One of the most powerful videos you have created for us, win2linux converts!
Amazing video thank you😁👍
Thank you so very much for this video!
Hi Chris, I looked in the description but missed seeing your link or instructions on creating a unique prompt line like yours while in terminal. For reference, I'm using your least favorite distro, Ubuntu ;-/ Thanks. Reminds of the old days using prompt command in batch files in DOS. LOL
I think if you go to his website he has it there. That is where he has most stuff... Later!
man pages are awesome, and have been around since the Unix days. Very helpful actually.
Outstanding lesson.I'm learning a lot with you. I love Linux. I will like to know: which OS you're using as daily driver?
Arch Linux with MATE DE and Awesome WM. A bit complex and not recommended, but I love it.
Thanks for the vid. I've been trying to setup the prompt like yours on bash but I haven't found a good way to make it happen. I'm pretty sure you're using zshel, right? Any recommendations?
Your memory is phenomenal, Chris 🤯
You spoke about permissions (user/owner, group and GUEST). Actually, it's for anyone other than owner user or users who are in the group.
I know your using Terminator. Where you can stroll up and down with the mouse wheel or use stroll bar far right. But you should mention about less and more for the ones that don't have stroll as default or don't like that kind of setup. I prefer the stroll option as well. I'm currently using xfce4-terminal as my default terminal emulator. But when your stuck in a terminal with no stroll options. Nice to know about less and more.
very, very helpful thanks
my favorite command in linux terminal is alias, you can type a complex command and assign it to a one simple mnemonic word. Greetings :)
For sure, I always add a ton of commands at the end of my ~/.bashrc
yip Buster Debian 10 still requires some work , therefore I am sticking with 9.9 stretch , found that some of the commands were not pulling thru properly , ended having to go to usr/sbin/command in order to execute oh well happy days are here again , keep smiling :-) best regards Lance
thank you for this video.
Thank you sir 🤟🏼
10:52 The last rwx is for anyone without the owner's UID or GID (they are not the owner nor are they in the owner's group).
I am a 56 year old man, trying to make to make the switch to Linux, started with Mint now using Zorin ultimate version, takes for this video
"Trying to"? Do or do not, there is no try. :p
Frankly, once you get used to Linux the OS itself s easier than Windows, but for gaming unfortunately we still depend on Windows to some extend, some other software also isn't supported as well on Linux. For example, I have some issues with Matlab on Linux (not using the standard buttons to copy/paste text, some items (like manage add-ons) not being clickable because the developer neglected something). The OS is great, third party developers suck.
@GreyGeek
A high age makes learning a bit slower but the older you are the more important it is to learn because that is the best way to slow-down deterioration of your mind and health. Not only cognitive learning, also just learning new activities like playing an instrument, learn to surf or whatever. Never let your age quit you from learning.
I have tried several flavors, Suse, Fedora, Mint, etc. I found Zorin, a ton of packages built-in. Made alot easier FOR Me to switch from Windows, now slowly switch my family OLD desktops to linux.
I am now 65, will be 66 in 6 weeks and I find that the learning is slow and fun at the same time as I always say to myself, "Look what I learned today!"...
I started with Linux 2 years ago with Mint and It is still my Fav but like most, I have tried lots of them. I used Windows for years and I wish I had started Linux 20 years ago when i first found it... Lol
I have even installed Arch OS from scratch and it booted the first time which was a shocker.... Enjoy Linux it is a fun ride for sure!
LLAP
P.S. One thing I found out in Linux, there is always 5 ways to do the same thing....
I highly recommend joe collins for learning basic linux.
Thank You Sir
what desktop/window manager are you using here? looks interesting
Thank you
!! is super awesome for bash/zsh as it allows you to add and run the previous command in the position of !!
so if you want to do
sudo vim /etc/motd
but you forget the sudo, so run
vim /etc/motd
you can then run
sudo !!
which will then run
sudo vim/etc/motd
Is there a --help or man for editing the fstab file? I have been learning about using btrfs file format and am aware of a number of options you can manually set, but would like to see a comprehensive list of all the options.
By the way, it seems like ”cd ~” is the same thing as just typing ”cd” without any arguments.
Also, seems like ”cd -” takes you back to your previous directory. So if you want to switch between two directories over and over again, just type ”cd -” for each switch. I actually learned that a few seconds ago…!
~ can be useful when you want to reference a home directory of someone else.
So in his example when he was trying to do stuff as root in his titus home directory, he could have done something like mkdir ~titus/junk && chown titus:users ~titus/junk which would create the junk folder in /home/titus and then set titus as the owner of that directory.
apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
that's a useful way to use uname -r ;)
What that does is it runs uname -r and puts it into the place where you put that variable, so say you were on kernel version 4.19.3, the apt command would then become
apt install linux-headers-4.19.3
Thank you for this video. I was trying to figure out what the pipe (e.g. | symbol) does but doing a Google search didn't give me good results. This should cut the time I spend scrolling in the terminal significantly!
Ta for that. Gonna have to watch this a few times, before I get everything! :-)
Linux terminal makes you learn almost all the time. Learning is fun and rewarding. Linux is awesome. :)
@Lics Norgi True but the terminal is very powerful.. Personally I like to learn.
thank you for convincing me to go back to using linux full time
Reminds me of DOS. I still remember the old WP commands. At least I won't be trying to format disks. :)
I was looking in the description for a guide to make the terminal look like yours but there is no how-to related to this subject or did I miss it?
Yep, the terminal is definitely something I miss on Windows. I often in the past used to install Cygwin on Windows to replicate it, even though it was slow and sometimes buggy.
Best underrated command is Apropos. Finds keywords you enter and will give you a list of commands associated with those words
Very useful for when you need that one command you forgot the name for or to find similar commands you were looking for
or just tab complete
Fuseteam don’t see how this would be effective if you don’t even know the name of the command you’re looking for or forgot the name
Fuseteam ie: “Apropos Wireless”
Output would be:
Ifconfig
iwlist
ip
.
.
.
Etc
I could understand using tab completion in certain scenarios but there’s going to be other junk commands that probably wouldn’t be related to what that person of looking for
Hi Chris, are your dot files available online? I would like to take a look at your configs.
I've recently started to create Linux Commands cheat sheet via Libre office writer. Then i use odt2txt Filename.odt in the terminal to view my cheatsheets. My library grows bigger and i have the option of viewing the files both in Libre office writer or via the terminal :). I sync those cheat sheets to all my devices and use it as a refresher when need some context instead of using the man pages.
On Windows or Linux, the shutdown command at the and of the day on Friday it's my favorite one.... =)
16:30 How did you remove the junk folder which was owned by root as a normal user?
I would expect a permission denied error.
hey! i got the same prompt! i added a var I can change at top for what colours are used, and used that var in place of the default. it's been a while, so i can't remember the code, exactly.
Hi Chris,
I have been trying to get KDE-Connect to work on Fedora KDE 31 and I have tested it on two android phones as I simply cant get it work, the two android phones see each other when using the KDE app but my Fedora KDE workstation simply will not see any devices. I even reinstalled Fedora KDE 31 and it still didn't work. It worked fine when I was using Fedora KDE 30 but 31 fails to see my Android phones. Do you have any idea why Fedora will not see them the ports are open on the firewall as in the help pages from KDE-Connect and Fedora but it fails to work sadly.
*I would like a terminal like yours but that behave similar to the terminal of bodhi linux too*
*If the command is good that produce a green flash on the background when I press enter, and if the command is bad that produce a red flash on the background when I press enter.*
You should do a series of vim tutorials - from noob to pro! I'd watch it :)
@@rdangdev ik it's just a dream..:P
NB: tar does not require a - for it's arguments (anymore).
tar xvf file.tgz will extract a .tar.gz/tgz file in verbose mode
tar jvf file.tbz2 will extract a tar.bz2/tbz2 file in verbose mode
@Lics Norgi consistently inconsistent :D
Chris, what distro are you using?
Hi Chris. I've been using Virtualbox for years now to run Windows inside Linux Mate. Now, I need to dual-boot and am having issues. I have a new laptop with Win 10 on a NVMe drive + a 240GB SSD I want to put Mint on. What I'm puzzling over is that the live USB cannot "see" the NVMe drive at all-- and I was told that I need to put the Mint bootloader onto the Windows drive.
Help? PS: maybe do a video on how to do this. I know I'm not the only one!
It's also worth noting that you can create a NAND backup of a thumbdrive (or any drive) by running "sudo cp /dev/sdb ~/usb-backup.img" then dd it to another drive for exact duplication.
I find this useful for duplicating Windows USBs without needing specialized software like WoeUSB.
Contemplate Windows on the Tree of Woe.
😂
And how do you get that color style when you do man or ip a command ?
BS stands for block size? OMG. I was using that abbreviation wrong my entire life...
Right! Lol
wget and curl-explain them please. I have no idea about them, but used couple of times when I setup raspberry pi plex server with youtube tutorials.
you could show how to change graphich drivers in ubuntu based systems in terminal
For the dd command `status=progress` is really useful to show the progress, because I've copied entire disks which took hours, and otherwise you don't get any information about the status
For rsync try info=progress2
My favorite: rsync.
I can't believe I left this one out. I use it all the time.
regarding your last part here: when you go back to windows and you miss it run powershell :P
so I just went into my terminal and typed history to see what I use a lot and one of the commands in history. Irony... other than that the usual bunch of aliases I made for myself such as ll, upgrade (which also does an update first), install (also updates first), and my few joke aliases I made with figlet and lolcat that I sometimes use to close terminal instead of just pressing CTRL+D :D
You should try zsh + powerlevel10k if you like pretty terminals. Its awesome.
@Lics Norgi yes, at least for me at the beggining, after it, it's pretty good. But it's kinda annoying the slowness
@Lics Norgi i believe that powerlevel9k was slow af, but with level 10, they rewrote it, and, by their own statement is 100x faster than prev version. I use it daily, and i don't notice it being slower than regular bash
@@CesarLP96 powerlevel10k or powerlevel9k?
@Lics Norgi maybe it was that theme. Zsh by itself should not be slow. But give it another go, there are subtle advantages that zsh has over bash, but as a daily driver, its rather useful
Good stuff. hate the word Newb though, probably from my time in the Army.
I don't have a problem either being referred to or calling myself a Noob :)
terminal and chill. :D
What to do if you have a directory full of flac- files and you want to copy them somewhere as mp3- files?
Do this:
-> cd #dir/with/flac/files#
-> ls | grep flac --#check-- for existing flac- files
-> flac -d *.flac #converts flac to wav
-> ls *.wav | xargs lame -b 320 --#list-- wav- files and pipe the result to lame mp3-encoder to produce mp3-files with a bitrate of 320 kbp/s (high quality)
-> cp *.wav /where/U/want/them #use lsblk to find the path to your external storage
## | is the Unix "pipe", that sends the output of a command to some other command. To feed the output of a command as arguments for some others command, use the command 'xargs' .
##* is a "wildcard" expression; ls *.wav means "print the names of all files with the extension "wav".
## For your own sanity's sake: STOP_USING_SPACES_IN_FILENAMES in Linux, use for example underscore 'Like_so.txt' instead.
A few of the important commands/actions which I missed: > (to ouput to a file) and sed. Other than that, it is a pretty good starting point for new users.
I dunno about sed for a beginner. I've been using 'nix for over 10 years and still find sed to be daunting.
@@mh0862 Just because you are not used to it.
@@peterjansen4826 No doubt. I don't use it much. When I do use it, it's a chore. One of these days after looking at the man page so often, I won't have to look at the man page anymore :o)
I like to remember sudo as SuperUser DO.
How do you make ls do long listing by default
The most important of all commands is cowsay. It's absolutely essential in my line of work.
Yes, that's a vital command. I use the following in my .bashrc
fortune|cowthink -W 50 -T U | sed "s/^/ /" |lolcat -S 46
The cow part is good, because I am Keto. okay okay, going now.
What's the point of having the computer name in your prompt if when you ssh your prompt will be different anyway?
Now , the terminal is great and important but new users can use gui tools for every command in this video (KDE is recommended to be installed)
I like the 'cat' command. its good for reading text documents. then pipe to 'less' because less is more. :P
@gilkesisking zcat is fun for compressed files though. Like reading man pages. $ zcat /usr/share/man/man1/bash.1.gz | nroff -man | less
can you tell us or make a video how you made your video INTRO in Linux?
That's easy, I cheated and just paid introchamp.com $5 and they made it.
@@ChrisTitusTech Thanks ,
This is good lesson really we should not do everything by our hands we will spend lifetime and not reach any goals
you should install sl via apt.