Video Formats, Codecs and Containers (Explained)
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- Опубліковано 28 вер 2024
- What is a video format? What about codecs and containers? How do they all work together? This video will teach you all the basics.
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Since the start of digital video in 1988, new video formats are developed every year in an attempt to provide improvements in quality, file size and video playback.
The popularity of video continues to grow rapidly, with 78% of people watching at least one digital video on one of their devices every single day; However video formats and how they work is still a subject of much confusion for most people.
Whether you need to convert your video file to play in a specific browser or device, or you’re an editor looking to build your knowledge on video formats in general, we’ll teach you the basics you need to understand video files and how to use them to your advantage.
In this video you’ll learn about the most popular formats, codecs and containers for the web today, which parts they consist of, and what format will be best for your situation.
Produced by Ad Astra Entertainment
There is an error in this presentation...The term kbps is NOT kilobytes per second, but rather kilobits per second, which is one-eighth of a kilobyte.
Myron, you're absolutely right. We realized this mistake shortly after uploading, unfortunately it was a bit too late for us to redo the video. We will try to be more careful next time. Thanks for the feedback!
@@qencode8853 hahah it was a "Bit" too late for us to redo the vid.. Nice pun :P
And I still didn't get the difference between a format and a container.
@@zAbdullahKhan هيا هياها :) they are the same m8
@@qencode8853 Why do you only have 2 videos uploaded? Do you plan on uploading more? Or maybe have another channel?
Please continue to make such videos, I find only two videos on your channel. You explanation rocks!
Regards,
A Subscriber
Thanks so much! We're working on some new videos soon. Any recommendations on the topic?
Excelente explicación sobre los códecs y contenedores, existe una variedad de códecs que ni idea tenia, lo mejor es que solo algunos han sido adoptados de forma masiva por la industria.
Hey can i know a little bit more about the mov , and avi !!? File formats?.
this video was amazing ... im going to go pass a final now thanks
thanks for the clear explanation about video formats, but i still have a big issu in davinci resolve editing soft ware,
Thanks for the feedback! We will be releasing some videos covering video editing in more detail soon.
Great explanation. Thanx
I create Lipsync Music videos using Triller app I didn't know alot of this. Thank you
That's great, we're really happy you found this video useful!
Regarding the app, we're sorry to hear that. Not sure how Triller is doing their transcoding, but we can recommend checking out cloud.qencode.com to get a cloud service that can drastically reduce file size while maintaining visual quality.
this is life saving
We're glad you enjoyed it! We know it's been a while since we last posted, but we promise we have more videos coming soon. Any ideas on topics you might find interesting?
Thank you for this excellent informational!!
Wow"! not that I understand completly but considerably more than before. question if I may - I need to record and store stream from a microscope camera. (I cut people for a living) what formats would you recomend ? and what devices. I hope to be posting advice on you tube as an additonal exploit. Thanks
If you're a complete beginner to soft production then soft is imo the easiest daw that you can get, I started off with it.. If you have a little bit
Still confused between video 'format' and video 'container'. You said MP4 is a container, then you said it's a format. So what is it then?
Great content! Loved the presentation.
Though I feel like adding that, in a conversation about quality, a wav 96khz sample rate for any online-delivery stage audio is usually super-overkill.
That's more like raw audio recording quality, as it gives some editing and stretching flexibility before it gets down-sampled to 44.100 and thrown onto streaming platforms, where it gets compressed to aac/mp3/opus/ogg/etc.
Dunno if uploading to youtube, as you said, gives 96khz some other significance, so i might be bullshitting.
I think you are misunderstanding the audio thing. They are not saying 96Khz, but 96mbps, which is MP3 format quality, or perhaps AAC as well. That said, most video cameras will use AAC for the audio, so it's already compressed to some extent to begin with and in editing, I believe it stays AAC or is converted to PCM, but with the same quality as the AAC to maintain sound quality, and to make it edit friendly. That is why some video codecs make it preferable to transcode to an edit friendly codec, or use proxies to edit if your PC is marginal for the NLE in question. I believe UA-cam will accept AAC for the audio codec, and it will vary depending on whether it's being viewed in HD or SD with many older videos that were uploaded back when 240 was still available, the audio results were abysmal, compared to even 480, let alone anything HD.
I have only Mp4 format in my device,is it fine and work for like till 2040??
Incredible thanks!
Very good stuff.
KK Motion Pictures
Also on UA-cam
Thanks 🙏
Thanks for this 👍
Awesome 👍👌 subscribed 🙆
Thank you Bharath! We really appreciate it. Please let us know if you want us to cover a specific subject!
MP4 is an extension not formats. But why? wmv,avi are under mp4 extension?
Thank you very helpfull
Glad you found it useful! More videos coming soon :)
Thank you. i've learnt a lot . just a Question. what does youtube use.
UA-cam supports all major formats. It also transcodes your uploaded video into all other of its supported formats. This is to make it compatible with as many devices as possible.
very helpful. just a suggestion - keep it a little slow coz understanding codec isn't that easy. you are little fast.
Thanks for the advice! We will keep this in mind for future videos :)
@@qencode8853 i don't think you are fast, and if someone is not understanding , you can always rewind the video.
isn't it a bit misleading @1:26 to say "a container contains other files", i think it doesnt really contain "files" but rather data stored in well designed data structures, for example MP4 is a container that contains data such as frames in video , meta-data stored in lookup tables and information about audio sampling rate and rate of processing bits (bits/s) etc etc
i like to think about container this way (note that im not sure how correct it is but feel free to correct me)
> a container basically can be thought of as an object holding an array of frame and audio data, and various parameters(meta-data) that tells it at what speed should it actually traverse those frames (frames/sec)
now, what goes into each array (video-frame array and audio-sample array) is decided by "codec", so if u use a good codec, u can have less memory consumed per frame and so your entire array of frame will take up less space
same applies to audio array
ofcourse this is an analogy only, in real world there is no such "frames/sec" but rather bits/sec (a more fine-grained form)
now, if im wrong about something, plz do reply and let me know :)
thank you :)
This is certainly an interesting way of thinking about this. Thanks for sharing!
What about MOV container?
ممتاز جدا
Unfortunately, nothing in this video explains why UA-cam has accepted 4K H.264 videos, and offered them back in their original 2160 resolution, but so far is only offering back 1080 for 4K videos uploaded in H.265. No warnings, no feedback, just reduced distribution quality for the newer more efficient format.
Formats codecs and more..like if ya agree
I learned to much in 12.5m amazing vid
This becomes confusing you said mp4 is a container that stores audio video meta data and you also said that mp4 isn't a video format!
If a format is a standardized rule then mp4 Avi Mov is a file container format !!
can any one explain about MXF container?
This is a very good question. We will try to prepare some more details about this in future videos.
👍👍❤
MP3 supports 2 channels
AAC supports 6 channels (5.1)
Yet he says AAC has limited audio channels lol
ขึ้น
Lol i bought a recording softare for 33 euros just too see that they wont play cos windows doesnt support it
for god sake dont stop making videos
We're working on a few new ones right now
PLEASE use proper units! Kbps = kilobits per second - NOT kilobytes per second!
Hi Derek! Yes, your absolutely right! We realized our mistake shortly after the video was posted, but at this point it was too late. We apologize for this and will make a better effort to ensure al the information in our videos is 100% accurate moving forward.
2:35 Codec
6:30 Video Formats
10:55 Video Containers 01:25
Finally someone give me a crystal clear explanation. Thanks god!
I was surprised not to see mkv . That is what I use for UA-cam videos.
This is great feedback. We took the recommendations off support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171?hl=en. What about the MKV container do you find most useful for UA-cam videos?
If your channel has made a video where you discuss codecs and formats for video editing, that’d be super helpful!
Thanks for that, we've added it to our list. More videos coming soon!
Thank you!
This video is mainly about streaming formats, but using proprietary formats for long-term storage is a disaster, so I would recommend the following:
Professional/Lossless storage: MKV + FFV1 video + FLAC audio
Private/Consumer storage: MKV + H.264 (soon AV1) video + FLAC/Opus audio, but MP4 with H.264 and AAC should still suffice for most users' needs.
Distribution: WebM + VP9 (soon AV1) video + Opus audio
Forget about limitations dictated by current hardware and software support. There is software that can process/edit all the abovementioned formats just fine.
I forgot to mention that I also like the video. :)
Of course, for private storage it would be silly to convert from, say H.265 to VP9 or AV1, since the royaly fees don't apply to private users. But professional long term storage is about preserving optimal quality regardless of current hardware (or popular editing software) limitations... And that is essentially why Matroska (MKV) has steadily been gaining ground since it first appeared over 15 years ago. Today the MKV-contained combo of FFV1 and FLAC audio is now standardized for storage of digitized "moving images" content in culturage heritage institutions.
eurositi - Hi eurositi, you seem to be very knowledgeable on the use of audio/video codecs and I am glad to see you recognise the benefits and foresight of using open codecs as much as possible. I hope av1 lives up to its expectations since I don't think we have ever had a truly competitive open source video codec before (I suspect it will be a success due to the calibre of companies backing it). I have tested the av1 codec myself using ffmpeg and the aom encoder but it is painfully slow, so slow that it is practically useless if encoding using software alone (even encoding 1 second of video may take a few hours if my memory serves me correctly). Hopefully the large chip makers will enable hardware encoding by 2020 so that av1 encoding becomes viable and that av1/opus etc. becomes the standard and everyone will be free to use them with no royalties or strings attached etc.
AV1 is definitely a great codec. It is exciting to see how much traction it will gain in the coming years. We are on the verge of releasing support for AV1 as well.
ต
I'm currently using AV1 to encode all my video for storage. Intel and 40xx Nvidia GPUs have built in hardware encoders for AV1 so it's super fast when encoding with them.
Had no clue what CODEC really does even though I have used them all the time!! Best educational video I have watched on this topic.
Thanks! We'll keep them coming!
Hii
Sir, Why you are not uploading more videos. Please don't give up, the videos that you made are some of the best educational videos I had ever watched. I'm surprised that you uploaded only two videos.You are doing great and soon you will become a successful youtuber if you carry to publish videos.
Shivam, thank you so much! We've been very busy with trade shows over the last few months, but we are planning to start producing more videos shortly. Please stay tuned.
Also, we are always interested in hearing your ideas on the subjects you think we should cover. Don't hesitate to reach out.
#ยอดนิยม
I install Bird Eyes Camera in my Car, it can view and record 4 angle , Yesterday i have a car accident , I need to get the Video recorded as a proof of court case, But the file is in 264 format, when play in my car device i can see 4 screen, Front, Right, Left and Rear, But when play in PC I only can see the Front Screen, I need to view the back screen as evidence to court, and also convert to a playable video to present to the police and court,
I have search few hours in google and I still fail to open the Back camera file, Can you help and guide me?
I'm not an expert, but I'd try to use ffprobe to look at the video streams - there might be a few, and the google search on how to display a certain video stream.
Thank you. Great learning tool. I did subscribe. Keep up the good work. -Steve, Converse Texas
Thank you very much! We will continue to post new videos soon!
I'm limited on what I can do I just use a app on my smartphone and it creates a music video. what I'm having a problem with is because to get a better video quality I have to record it 720 P or higher but my phone does not have a lot of space and when I do that then to upload it to Facebook or youtube I have to compress it down but every app I've used to compress it. it compresses it down too much and then the audio lags and the videos starts blotching into these little pixels. I don't have money I don't have the right equipment so I'm having to do this with two different smart phones are there any apps they can help me with this. I make my videos using Triller. In fact I have created more lips music videos than anybody in this world with that app. Nobody has ever done anything to the magnitude that I've done but I got to start getting better quality
Very nice video tutorial. Thank you a lot for presenting!
So what should the settings be set on when you are trying to match up my lipsync with the actual song in the video it's a little bit different especially when you have different takes coming and going it's not just one solid video.. when is film videos inside the house with a black of background I can record it on a lower resolution like of 480 because it only gives me that option on one of the phones but when I film outside in the in nature if I don't do it above 7:20 P it just is not good enough but he's time I do that depending on how many takes I do of the video the files get larger in larger until I have up in the gigabytes and I have found on Facebook that when I upload it the file has to be lowered in about 30 megabytes or the audio just lags behind.
I Learned Something Today :)
We're glad you enjoyed it!
Thanks Rapur! That's music to our ears!
wow 2 replies in 3 months? New management?
Thanks for a well done video, quick question though, what application you used to make such video and how long it took you to create it?
good information ..also, for quick and easy conversion for video files, google "ZillaTube"
Thanks Becki! That's really nice. We'll try to get some more content going soon. Any requests?
How can 78% of people watch atleast one video online every day if only 57% of the world has internet access?
I think these stats were based on the USA
6:35 why format and container are two different things? Im confused you said mp4 is a format and a container (8:22) Ok I can comply with that but you also said that format is there to store containers (6:35) and codecs etc. How can a format store containers while containers store all other stuff
That's a very good question.
The format is actually more of a standard than a physical thing. For example, some formats will require you to provide several different files together using standard naming conventions and playlists (HLS for example).
For MP4 files, the format and the container is pretty much the same thing, however as described in the video, MPEG-4 can mean many different things as well based on the context.
We know this is all very confusing, so we will work on making this information even more understandable in the future.
Same here. And I still didn't get the difference between a format and a container.
Very confusing still
Thank you 💖
Our pleasure Lucas!
best video I've seen on this topic
Thanks so much, really means a lot to us.
Are you guys working on more content? I see there hasn't been more videos since this one. Also you guys wouldn't happen to know the best audio/video formats/codecs for plex streaming
Why, when you included VP9 as a video codec did you not include Ogg Vorbis or Opus as audio codecs?
Definitely something we should do when we revisit this in future versions!
mp7 is the best
Very simple, visual Ddescription of the subject. Good job.
Thank you! It's our pleasure, we'll try to release more videos soon.
interesting video, yet pretty ironic how this video is 720p 30fps
Haha, yea. Unfortunately the version of the animation software we use doesn't allow us to export at settings that are any higher than this. With your support and the help of other viewers who like this video / subscribe to this channel, our videos will get better with every upload!
Very helpful thanks man👌
Our pleasure! Let us know if there are any other topics you may be interested in!
I need you to open another youtube channel because after this video I've learned a don't like mono but stereo things....
Dear Qencode,
I had build Video application Assuming that, i have 1000 client downloading video at the same time.
Now, i should use which tool to test download my app from client to measure performance and load of server
Thanks.
Can I pay some one to convert a xvid to mp4 for me
Is that a yes
Probably. There's a demo transcoding module on our homepage, cloud.qencode.com - upload it and give it a try :)
I HATE proprietary formats and standards
It completely defeats their purpose. If it's not open source, it's not going to be widely adopted.
A technology's useful is almost entirely dependent on it's level of adoption.
Like develop excellent formats and standards for free.
Then charge for specialty services. The formats and standards aren't where you make the money. They cause people to desire your expertise and services
11:00 Well actually if you really want good qualtiy on youtube then just try to get the highest quality you can and use a lossless audio codec since youtube will re-encode it to VP9 and opus anyway
great vid, thanks for posting! and yes, haha i noticed the byte/ bit error too :)
Thanks! Yea, we will certainly be much more careful with any content we post in the future.
Nice tutorial Micheal ,is it absolutely necessary to have knowledge of soft to use tNice tutorials software?
Brilliant
Thank you so much!
Instruction isn't clear enough. I followed every step and I can't install :(
Umm you need to upload more my g you ain't gettin subs with 2 vids up, not to mention have you even got moderated yet?
265 on a 10 yr old desktop picture jumps.
Rodriguez Melissa Moore Cynthia Perez Donald
Visto por Héctor Noé Sánchez Hernández - IUV
Very informative and clear to understand 👏
very useful video, thanks
thank you very much for providing info...
We're glad you found it useful! We'll get some more videos up soon. Any suggestions?
Great video. One common misstatement: bps is bits / sec. Everyone knows you meant BITS / sec in your ending comments. Just in case you wanted to correct it. Otherwise, I am very glad I found this video and the clarifications you make. Thanks
Thanks so much for your feedback! We noticed this shortly after we published the video, but it was a bit too late. We really appreciate you pointing this out and being so polite. I think we will create another version of this video next year with updated formats and trends and we will be sure to make this correction.
We’re glad you found this video helpful. Would love to hear any suggestions on future video topics you would like us to cover
Excelent explanation, cheers up!!
One of the best explained videos about this topic. Btw, what software do you use to make this videos?
Thanks so much! We will be posting more videos soon!
Not sure about the video software. We will check with our marketing team and get back to you!
What a fantastic video with excellent info!
Subscribed to your channel.
Very best to you, Pete
Thanks Pete, we'll keep 'em coming!
YES. hOW DOES ONE GO ABOUT CHANGING FORMATS?
I'm from India.wow amazing video.👏👍
And does these matter in mobile devices?
Yes helpful
Nice tutorial guys .how to unlock account..if i din"t purchase.. account wil not activate...huh ??guys plzz tell i just want to know about that........
If you need to use Qencode for transcoding videos for commercial use, it's best to just upgrade to a regular account. You will get a bunch of free credits and there are no monthly fees. You will only get charged for the videos you transcode.
What an awesome stuff
I'm really a dummy in these things so can anyone please tell me the difference between open source and proprietary codecs?
There's a lot, but at a high level it's this: Open-source codecs can be used for free, provided you are following the rules set out by the license. Proprietary codecs usually required you to pay for their use, often times based on the type of license, method of delivery and number of views the video will receive. Here is an interesting info about the general use of both: www.optimusinfo.com/downloads/white-paper/open-source-vs-proprietary-software-pros-and-cons.pdf
Thank you.
I hadn't hoped to be answered this soon.
It's very nice of you.
Good content but too animation happy.
Amazing
thumbs up if you are preparing falchi's exam
Tell us more, we're intrigued :)
Clear , helpful
Portuguese subtitles too please
Thank you
Creating TimeLapse from jpeg photos sequence I found that one of the best quality I can reach is :
MP4 container;
mpeg-4 codec .
Everything exported, for example, using ShotCut free software.
Thank you good information 👌👌👌
Really glad you found this information useful. Let us know if there's something you want us to cover in future videos.
Wow what a video. Got to know so many stuff. Thanks
That's awesome. Please subscribe and stay tuned, more videos coming very soon!
Best
Excellent video here. Really well done. Would like to see a follow up video that talks about what is best to use for video editing.