Thanks for the comment Kyle! You did a really great job. It's awesome to have people like you out in the world educating the public, especially about a location that is important but not properly represented. Keep up the great work! 👩🏽🔬☢
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist I just discovered both of your channels recently. It is awesome how UA-camrs like this respect each other and actually review each other and sometimes collaborate. Even when they don't agree (LTT and Louis Rossman for example), they agree to meet, discuss, resolve, learn and end up friends that have let the science decide who is correct, incorrect or (more importantly) come up with more questions to answer. This is how people should act. Mainstream media, take notes, this is why your biased, greedy selves are losing ratings. Same thing goes for people as individuals. As I type this I am reviewing my behaviors and interactions with people.... Sorry for the therapy session I just gave myself...
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist ❤️❤️❤️❤️ I love this exchange so much. Y'all are both great, but you've each got your specialties, and when they overlap its great that you can appreciate the differences of opinion or depth of understanding. 🥂 Cheers, Στην υγειά σας(?), to you both!
Kyle Hill's series on nuclear safety and nuclear history has been absolutely amazing, and given his usual slap-stick, humorous approach to science, the somber, serious tone with which he's calmly but deftly handled the realities of it are a HUGE change of character, and exactly what this topic needs. His videos are a wonderful gift to the world as a whole, educating on multiple areas of science in a way that's both real, mathematical, and entertaining which few can achieve. His nuclear series is yet another wonderful gift to the internet community at large! It's so great to hear other professionals in the field saying he's done a good job on this. Science demands we review each other's work to make sure we're consistently accurate, reliable, and didn't miss anything. Thank you Elina for taking up this important, but often thankless job.
Thanks for watching! Let me know how you liked this reaction video and if you’d consider visiting Chernobyl yourself. Be sure to check out Kyle Hill’s full video, the link is in the description. ☢️👩🏽🔬
@Elina Charatsidou Could you talk about the subject of LFTReactors? I've spent many hours on the subject but it would be fun to hear an unbiased but still knowledgable opinion on the subject. For me it seems like the future we missed 60 years ago and really should develop. Similar to how batteries were 10-20 years ago.
The folks who were allowed to only work for seconds or a minute were the "liquidators' who were doing the really crazy stuff such as shoveling the moderator graphic blocks and other radioactive debree from the roof of what was left of the raactor building back into the crater where the reactor core used to be. The folks were using what looks like military NBC protective gear with medical X-ray protective wear plus improvsed extra protection. Human liquidators were being used because available technology did fail due to the massive radiation. Eventually the some machinery to assist the cleanup efforts based on the Soviet Union's Lunokhod lunar exploration robots was being devised by the Lunokhod developers which were recalled from retirement. That worked because the Lunokhod was designed to work in presence of the cosmic radiation on the moon's surface. The construction workers for the sarcophagus were permitted to work well longer than the liquidators. All sorts of improvised radiation shielding was being used for example massive steel plates welded to the cabin of construction machines to make this safer. Yes, the camera sensors indeed do glitch due to gamma radiation. It's a known problem with image sensors in space. Th problem is quire pronounced on some older space imagery or of the elephant foot.
That green colored paint is a government and institutional thing that is ubiquitous across Russia and the Former Soviet Union. It's either that pale green or a light blue paint inside the buildings, utilities (local steam plants etc...) the buildings are usually painted some horrible shade of ocher whereas the physical infrastructure (piping etc...) are usually painted gray. The Russians also paint all of the tree trunks in their major cities white. Great video!
i like that you always make an effort to add on to what video creators talk about in their original pieces. even if your knowledge areas overlap, you're always adding background information, expanding on the point, or reflecting on whether you've encountered an idea before. i think it is the best way to do reaction content :)
11:36 high energy photons triggering the CCD's "pixels" is actually pretty well known. Video from the ISS or other orbital operations using them, you see the same effect (though not as often!) - and cameras that have been up there for a long duration often develop more dead or hot pixels (stuck fully on or fully off) faster than in normal conditions. I think also, you can find some video footage of inspection of the Elephant's Foot by way of a robot. I'm unsure if the camera was digital or not, but if I remember correctly the amount of visible noise in the recording spikes as soon as there is an open line-of-site to the material.
It is very well known. Radiation damage to very sensitive low light astronomical cameras over time is a real problem, even in normal background radiation environments. A cosmic ray nails your camera, and now you have permanent dead pixels or hot pixels.
The German’s had a documentary on people who return live around Chernobyl. One old guy was a botanist who talked about the plants and animals that could be eaten as they didn’t absorb the radioactive particles or didn’t eat the plants that did. Had a little farm not far from the abandoned city and seemed happy to live in an almost deserted area.
Cameras used on the international space station experience the same phenomenon. Because the gamma photons have such high energy, they can permanently damage camera sensors, and any camera that's been in space for any length of time tends to have permanent grainy artefacts from dead pixels on its sensor.
8:30 Being from America, I'm used to experts sequestering their information behind massive pay walls like colleges. Because of that, I have major respect for this man. He takes his responsibility so seriously that he freely discusses it with others. While we certainly hope to never need this kind of knowledge anywhere else, having that knowledge available worldwide is a great comfort; in the unfortunate event of something like this happening again, the right people will be able to take the right steps far quicker.
I really enjoyed this video, and I've been following Kyle Hill for years, so it was fun to see his video here. I hope Kyle Hill himself sees this, I'm sure he would love it. :) The two of you should consider doing a collab on something
Thank you Elina! It is a pleasure to see more people such as yourself and Kyle explaining that radiation isn't the monster that the media portrays!! Have a great day!
I don’t understand the perspective that a disaster that happened almost 40 years ago, that 4,000 people are still managing to this day, that there is no permanent solution for in sight for could lead to the conclusion that nuclear energy is a lot safer than people think it is?
12:58 cleanly filtered air from inside the dome is constantly blown out creating the pressure difference. There is never equilibrium except when there's sudden massive damage.
This has to be one of my all time favorite channels! Elina is the best!!! I just love the way you talk. Not just the accent but how you present information… love it !!!
I took the trip into the exclusion zone in 2014. Very cool tour! I was stationed in Germany during the accident so it was great to see the area. Part of the tour Was at the construction site of the arch and then the city of Pripyat where the workers lived. We carried dosimeters and there were areas that were off limits from the tour. When we drove through the red forest every dosimeter on our bus started alarming all at once. Scary to experience!
I was also supposed to have gone visit the Exclusion Zone in April this year but... yeah... I was a child when all this happened and it scared me so much. So, I want to go to confront it in a way
UA-cam recommendations brought me here (probably because I’m one of Kyle’s subscribers). After watching this video, I just subscribed to you as well, Elina.
As a fan of Kyle's work who had just discovered your channel a couple of days ago, I was disappointed that you had no reaction to this a video. I thought that maybe I should leave a comment suggesting that you watch this series of videos. Thanks for the pleasant surprise, I am disappointed no more! The final comment you made had me nodding in agreement.
Thank you for the content Elina. Hoping that by the time the 100 year anniversary roles around we have made more progress into ways to clean this site up.
I loved your reaction ! I like the idea of one day exploring Pripyat and the Reactor Area but I don t think I will. I hope you make it there instead as soon as it becomes possible and safe.
Also another difference between containment and confinement is containment buildings are normally reinforced concrete structures specifically built to withstand overpressure cases inside of the building to not explode and release radioactive contamination like you saw with the Fukushima reactors exploding. Mainly from the zirconium cladding corroding with water into hydrogen gas under high temperatures you find when the fuel melts. Yeah if you watch the footage of Chernobyl right after the accident from film or photos you see the exact same thing but more intense since the radiation was fresh and more powerful at the time. As far as the pressure differential and maintaining it with a hole in the NSC that all depends on the size of the hole and the strength of the air pumps being used to maintain that lower pressure. I'd also imagine they have some temporary patches they could put into place to maintain the pressure differential. Especially when mounted from the outside it wouldn't require any crazy fastening for a temp patch as the pressure differential would also want to hold it in place. The one thing where the passage of time helps is that the longer this stuff sits around the less dangerous it is to humans thus easier to clean up. The so called "elephant's foot" is the prime example of this. Shortly after it was discovered being in it's presences for two minutes was fatal. Now that same fatal time has risen to like two hours or even more. In a hundred years I'd hope they would be well into clean up of this mess instead of looking to replace one confinement facility with another.
I’ve worked on imaging sensors and can confirm that radiation is visible as white pixels. It are not necessarily photons but electronic interactions. More specific charges. These also affect other electronic circuits and chips. For applications in radioactive regions (space, medical ) or critical circuits radiation hard designs are required. Typically shielding, more robust electronic circuits and redundancy.
A former CEO of the utility I work at went through containment on a tour and didn't put on the shoe booties. When leaving containment a particle was detected on one of his super-expensive Italian shoes that had to be temporarily taken away from him.
I saw a documentry about them working for 1 min at a time, it was unbeliveable. They tried wearing as much lead pieces too - so they carried so much wieght too.
I think what they need is a Chernobyl visitor center where they can sell Chernobyl merchandise such as Chernobyl the T-shirt, Chernobyl the Coloring Book, Chernobyl the Lunch box, Chernobyl the Breakfast Cereal, Chernobyl the Flame Thrower. The kids will love that one.
Thanks for bringing this content from Kyle into your audience. Your well spoken and value-added commentary is the kind of reflection we need to get more nuclear energy into the world. Keep being awesome!
Elina, you are the best thank you for making all this so understandable. The Kyle Hill presentation was very good. As far as "Would I consider visiting Chernobyl?" No, I am close enough but thanks. Love your shows, Danny
Stuff like Chernobyl is so fascinating to me because I actually live in close proximity to two separate nuclear power plants, one of which, being the infamous Three Mile Island, and despite the fear the world likes to portray, I've always felt so safe around them. Going to school, we could look out in the distance and see the steam rising from the closest plant and admire it. I very specifically remember, due to the proximity to these plants, the lessons they taught us in school about what to do if ever there were an emergency with them. It's something I always like to be conscious of, but never fear. And I love learning about them. So thank you so much for your content!
What is fascinating about the three mile island incident is that there was a study done that estimated approximately 0.5 additional cancer cases due to the radiation. Not 0.5% additional cases but literally 1 or fewer expected cases.
When you are close to something that indeed has a risk, be it as small as bad nuclear accident in today's NPPs, safety and personal protection measures should indeed be taught to local populations.. One for NPP specifically is very simple: Stay inside, and airtight everything until further information or evacuation. Funny enough, i don't think communities downstream of dams have any idea how to deal with a collapse.... And remember, the deadliest energy related disaster was a dam collapsing.. 250000 people died.
I love your content and look forward to your next video. I would love see your take on the famous nuclear physicists of the past like Teller, Fermi, Ulam, Sakharov and of course Oppenheimer. Thank you and take care.
If you check out Rolf-Dieter Klein's channel, the "10 Sievert per Hour Radiation - tested with the RadioactivityCounter App at the Buchler device" video, you see an extreme example of the artifacts caused by gamma radiation hitting the image sensor. And in a lot of footage from Chernobyl at the time of the accident, you see artifacts from the high radiation environment on photographic film, such as it becoming very grainy or darkened/lightened), as well as flashes.
I can confirm the artifacting in the video in regards to the pixels being over developed essentially. I spent 9 years working in radioactive fields, and we used the effect as training aid to show to new members in our organization.
Elina, In the future if you are able to go please consider a few stops on your journey through Pripyat. 1. Zavodska Street Firehouse (This firehouse not too far from the Yupiter Bldg is where the first engines responding to the fire came from. The flats alongside the firehouse are where Lyudmilla and Vasily Ignatenko along with many other firemen lived. Their living block was attached to the firehouse. Yaniv Rail Station is where Lyudmilla caught the train to Moscow. This walk took her closer to the power plant and she waited at the train station for a few hours before getting a ride to Moscow for Hospital No 6. Would be interested to know if there are radiation readings after the accident at these two locations and the levels. Please be careful and consider a dust mask as during the recent war troops dug holes into the ground allowing these long buried materials to again be caught in the wind. Stay safe.
Note that you get those white pixels if you tape something black over your camera and then fly on a plane. Phone cameras actually make pretty good gamma and neutron detectors because they're not very sensitive to anything but high levels of radiation and are very hard to saturate even if they're exposed to an unshielded reactor. Unlike many Geiger counters that can get maxed out and start screaming at you even when the radiation is "not great, not terrible." And you have no way of knowing if it's 3.6 Roentgens... or 15000.
Kodak film plants in the U.S complained during the first testings due to how they affected newly made x-ray films "unveiling" them before going out for the market during the quality test.
BTW, there's a video of a pair of dudes running around INSIDE the Sarcophagus in mid 2000's. Stepping over the fuel assemblies and even peeking inside the well where the core used to be located. Elena was filmed from a few meters away too.
When you imagine how difficult it is to build primary structures on top of a blown up nuclear powerplant - maybe they should mandatory prebuild columns on newly built powerplants. Then after an accident you just have to put a roof on top. Chernobyl’s first sarcophag has build a column on top the flown away reactor cover. Which is unstable. Also i like the new approach of gen 3+ powerplants which incorporate a meltdown as a design basis accident by implementing a 170m2 ceramic plate below the core where molden fuel is catched and distributed for better cooling afterwards.
I really dream about visiting this area as well as Pripyat. It’s obviously part of a tragic history moment but soooooo fascinating! Hope one day you will make a video on that or who knows, dreaming is allowed, meet you there and visiting this with you 😅😍 Thanks again for your content! Keep going! 👌
Any possibility you could do a reaction to the movie Threads? Everyone talks about how scary it is, but it would be interesting to get a scientific reaction.
You create the negative pressure by constantly pumping air out of the space. Typically this is done to prevent odours escaping from processes or or dust contamination as here. The air you pump out is then filtered to remove the material of concern before releasing it into the environment. (In the case of odours you typically use a thermal combustor to destroy the odour, but for dust, you use various types of filter.)
It is worth to add, that the construction of NSC was even more pressing matter because of two major issues: -First is that because Sarcophagus was constructed over the ruins of the reactor building, some of that still standing parts of the building were use as a part of the Sarcophagus, beam supporting roof was rested upon west wall of the reactor building, both wall and roof are not very structurally stable and could collapse. -Secondly, the Upper Biological Shielding of the reactor core itself weighing 1000 tons was thrown up during the explosion and now rests almost verticly at 105 degree angle supported only by a pile of rubble. A collape of UBS, would not only rise dust, but could cause damage to the Sarcophagus.
There's a video uploaded by a channel called "Crazycars81" that's various footage from inside the sarcophagus, it shows these "artifacts" in a much more intense fashion, also showing less depending on location within the sarcophagus.
regarding the clothes they wear inside, chances are those never actually leave the facility. my grandpa worked in an east german uranium processing facility, overseen by the soviet military, they had similar protocols, no clothing from outside goes in, no clothing from inside got out. they had one changing room to undress, a shower room to wash themselves and a second changing room to put on the inside clothes. On the way out they had to leave the clothes they wore throughout their work day, which would, depending on how contaminated they were, either be cleaned inside the facility, or contained back in one of the de-commissioned mine shafts, never to be seen again. they also didn't wash themselves, they were hosed down by a soldier to make sure not even a tiny speck of radioactive dust could be carried outside and potentially contaminate a worker and his family.
How about having a go at one of the Kirk Sorensen videos about Thorium Molten Salt Reactors? Just wondering are they scientifically sound or is it more of a sales pitch
1:17 What is shown here is not the sarcophagus, but the New Safe Confinement structure that was built over the sarcophagus, much later, and was finished only 5 years ago.
Throughout October and November I worked in the local powerplant (the Krško Nuclear Power Plant). Due to the obvious high security no one can approach closer than 500m of the facility. That's why scale was never a thing I really knew before I actually stood under the building. I remember coming in for the first time and just staring because I'd never really been close to a 50+m tall building. And when some people climbed on top to clean the cupola they were so tiny...
Hi Elina! new subscriber here. I always liked nuclear physics. I worked at the University of Buenos Aires for 23 years, mostly in teaching physics labs. You channel is very good!
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist I'd like to get in touch, maybe chat some time! I'll drop you a line via the form on your website. You do great work :-)
Honest question, this new containment cover is to last approx 100 years, when do we need to start figuring out what to cover it with next? another Dome over that Dome or complete replacement?
10:45 With that radiation (20.62 mSv) and comparing it against the table (thus removing 5 years of "natural radiation"), if your visit is 4.30 hours long, then you've reached the first orange warning: 100 "recommended limit every 5 years"... So, one hour would put you off any radiation source for a year approximately... And that's near the old sarcophagus...
Zaporizhzhia? The Russians won't destroy it, they'd lose a strategic advantage. Ukraine wants NATO's help and thinks they would if something BIG happened, and also know if anything happened the western media would blame Russia. It's a dangerous situation and as things get more desperate you never know what might happen...... Basically GTFO
11:10 How to verify the Gamma Ray interference? It's a well-known effect. I know for a fact that those artifacts showed up on old VHS footage taken around Chernobyl as well. And I guess you can say with high certainty that this is from radiation when it shows up only inside the NSC or around other radiation sources. Cameras are known to be affected by other high-energy radiation as well, like air traffic search radars. I once watched a documentary about the 1982 Falklands War. A camera team filmed on the flight deck of one of the British carriers and every two seconds or so the picture got all "snowy" from white artifacts - this was from the search beam of the main radar-set sweeping over the camera.
The channel Dive Talk had some reactions to some videos of people diving with totally inadequate equipment in some buildings they claimed to be in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Maybe that would be interesting for you to have a look at too.
Just subscribed! I'd love to see a comparison of waste hazard per unit volume for different methods of power production. Like, if we were to concentrate other plants' emissions and residuals until they were as hazardous as nuke, which would produce more waste to have to manage? In the case of everything non-nuclear, of course, we are just spewing most or all of it into the atmosphere, and it's out of sight, out of mind. Still, I'll bet that nuclear would easily win. When Chernobyl happened I was in high school and had a number of pen pals who were swept by the cloud of raidation. The very next year I would be studying nuclear power plants in the military. I loved that school! Having friends so close to an accident drove home the point of safety and knowing everything about everything regarding my job. It's absolutely incredible when things are going well, which is almost all of the time, but during the rare times when something goes wrong everyone needs to be clear headed and know their stuff. I'm still absolutely in favor of nuclear, and an very excited about the new designs.
Nuclear would win in terms of having the least waste. And most of what is classed as "nuclear waste" is nowhere _near_ as dangerous as spent fuel. The clothes that they wore inside the arch are technically nuclear waste, but processing them is as simple as washing them and filtering the water to capture the dust.
@Elina Charatsidou Could you talk about the subject of LFTReactors? I've spent many hours on the subject but it would be fun to hear an unbiased but still knowledgable opinion on the subject. For me it seems like the future we missed 60 years ago and really should develop. Similar to how batteries were 10-20 years ago.
The green paint was a surprise to me as well, in the US in the 50's the color was known as Government green or Government mint. It was used in schools, courthouses and just about any government building you went into.
I studied color theory as graphic designer that green color is supposed to have calming effect on the human mind not surprising that it was utilized is an environment that would be such a stressful place to be working
The pixel glitches are legit :) Basically radiation are charged particles and such things as a camera photosensor is made of information gathering sensors where the light hits it, under that there is the information translation from light to electric signals. And these part of the sensors which the particles can interact, and make them miscalculate or even discharge a charged tiristor or transistor. So yeah a high radiation level could be seen through a camera from the noisyness of it . Even if the light and other settings are great. The white pixel glich could be an other color I think, but due the structure of the sensor, multiple particles should hit the parts inside it next to eachother, or a shorter wavelength to hit them really fast one after the other.
11:40 - this effect that radiation has on digital cameras is well known and has even been used to measure radiation with...smartphone cameras. The idea is that you block the camera with black tape to block visible light and only ionizing radiation can penetrate and hit the CCD sensor of the camera. I know it sounds like bullshit and I was sceptical too, but you can find tests of it on old UA-cam videos where people compare it with Geiger counters and it did work. Bionerd also tested the app in Chernobyl hotspots. I have also recently been watching an MIT course on nuclear physics (available on UA-cam) and the professor mentioned it in one of the lectures as well. It's obviously not very accurate, but it does measure radiation. If you want more extreme cases, there are videos of people exposing phones and cameras to either particle accelarators or extremely radioactive sources like cobalt-60. It is obviously not a reliable way to measure radiation and it's basically a toy, since it is less accurate than even the cheapest Geiger counters, but it demonstrates the principle. Edit: I have found an actual scientific paper that looks into this, you can Google "The suitability of smartphone camera sensors for detecting radiation"
Here is the abstract of the study: "The advanced image sensors installed on now-ubiquitous smartphones can be used to detect ionising radiation in addition to visible light. Radiation incidents on a smartphone camera’s Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor creates a signal which can be isolated from a visible light signal to turn the smartphone into a radiation detector. This work aims to report a detailed investigation of a well-reviewed smartphone application for radiation dosimetry that is available for popular smartphone devices under a calibration protocol that is typically used for the commercial calibration of radiation detectors. The iPhone 6s smartphone, which has a CMOS camera sensor, was used in this study. Black tape was utilized to block visible light. The Radioactivity counter app developed by Rolf-Dieter Klein and available on Apple’s App Store was installed on the device and tested using a calibrated radioactive source, calibration concrete pads with a range of known concentrations of radioactive elements, and in direct sunlight. The smartphone CMOS sensor is sensitive to radiation doses as low as 10 µGy/h, with a linear dose response and an angular dependence. The RadioactivityCounter app is limited in that it requires 4-10 min to offer a stable measurement. The precision of the measurement is also affected by heat and a smartphone’s battery level. Although the smartphone is not as accurate as a conventional detector, it is useful enough to detect radiation before the radiation reaches hazardous levels. It can also be used for personal dose assessments and as an alarm for the presence of high radiation levels."
As far as following safety protocols, often the people that need to follow them are not scientists, but workers, who don’t necessarily understand the protocols. I am reminded of The Demon Core accident by a PhD scientist who neglected to follow their safety rules.
Yes Theory visited Chernobyl as well and talked with locals and survivors. They also happened to encounter one of the primary peopled involved in the disaster in their video about the war in Ukraine when they found her in the evacuation zone while they where helping.
I´m also in awe of this construction, and the scale of this accident that might just have had a big impact on my childhood, as I was 8 in Norway when it happened. We were in the fallout area, and accepted dose of milk and meat was raised several times after the accident. Nobody I know are affected though, I just feel for the people of Pripyat at the time, and as far away as Belarus, where a lot of the most dangerous fallout would have landed. But I guess nobody at the plant will talk about that part even today? Either way, I would have a lot of questions for these poor guides. Everyone should know the basics of why the accident happened. The cleanup process is another thing, and not often talked about. Some have found out a bit of what happened, but maybe it´s even dangerous for some to look to far into these operations...
Honestly, I didn’t know much about Chernobyl other than the accident that happened until I saw a TikTok of a private tour group showing some of the footage of the reactor. My initial thought was “Wait! You can ACTUALLY GO THERE?!?!” That started me down the rabbit hole of learning about nuclear energy and power plants. Kyle’s videos have been an immensely helpful resource for not only Chernobyl, but all things regarding nuclear energy! I love watching his videos on the subject! And now that I’ve found your channel, I’m excited to learn even more!
@@udirt of course. That’s with anything. Much less a more complex topic like nuclear physics and energy. My mindset has always been “How does this work? Why does it work this way? What all goes into this?”
People don't know that not only is it not deadly to go there, the accident didn't even kill Chernobyl as a power plant. After Reactor 4 exploded, reactors 1-3 kept on producing power for years. Eventually the EU bullied Ukraine (not the Soviet Union, Chernobyl outlived that) into closing the plant down, and the last reactor was shut down in 2000. Yes, Chernobyl was still actively producing electricity into the 21st century.
What occurred to me about the dome is that they did something that could be repeated if in the 100 years no better ideas come along. The construction of it means you could build another one either bigger or smaller and slide it into place.
Elina can you please make a video on different kinds of thorium reactors and their advantages and disadvantages and what's preventing us from building a lot of thorium reactors already
Ever since the war in Ukraine started one of my genuine fears is the Sarcophagus over the compromised reactor in Chernobyl getting caught in the crossfire and releasing the radiation from the core
The detector you saw on Kyle Hills chest is called the Ecotest terra p + it's a detector that tells you the radiation levels it does not tell you what your accumulated dose is when you get into the Chernobyl exclusion zone they give you those to see the levels there
Idk if and how you can verify the gamma ray pixels, but it's a known phenomenon from videos taken in space. fascinating indeed to see it on Earth. super interesting to see this video with your commentary.
Thanks for the review Elina. I hope it shows that I do my homework, and do my best to present an unbiased view of the world's most infamous location.
hey kyle, i just wanted to say thank you for your videos, you're amazing
I always suggest your nuclear videos to everyone that would be interested
Thanks for the comment Kyle! You did a really great job. It's awesome to have people like you out in the world educating the public, especially about a location that is important but not properly represented. Keep up the great work! 👩🏽🔬☢
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist I just discovered both of your channels recently. It is awesome how UA-camrs like this respect each other and actually review each other and sometimes collaborate. Even when they don't agree (LTT and Louis Rossman for example), they agree to meet, discuss, resolve, learn and end up friends that have let the science decide who is correct, incorrect or (more importantly) come up with more questions to answer. This is how people should act. Mainstream media, take notes, this is why your biased, greedy selves are losing ratings. Same thing goes for people as individuals. As I type this I am reviewing my behaviors and interactions with people....
Sorry for the therapy session I just gave myself...
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist ❤️❤️❤️❤️
I love this exchange so much. Y'all are both great, but you've each got your specialties, and when they overlap its great that you can appreciate the differences of opinion or depth of understanding.
🥂 Cheers, Στην υγειά σας(?), to you both!
Kyle Hill's series on nuclear safety and nuclear history has been absolutely amazing, and given his usual slap-stick, humorous approach to science, the somber, serious tone with which he's calmly but deftly handled the realities of it are a HUGE change of character, and exactly what this topic needs.
His videos are a wonderful gift to the world as a whole, educating on multiple areas of science in a way that's both real, mathematical, and entertaining which few can achieve. His nuclear series is yet another wonderful gift to the internet community at large!
It's so great to hear other professionals in the field saying he's done a good job on this. Science demands we review each other's work to make sure we're consistently accurate, reliable, and didn't miss anything. Thank you Elina for taking up this important, but often thankless job.
Agreed! Kyle’s Demon Core video is the best I have seen on the subject
Thanks for watching! Let me know how you liked this reaction video and if you’d consider visiting Chernobyl yourself.
Be sure to check out Kyle Hill’s full video, the link is in the description. ☢️👩🏽🔬
I would love to visit, but probably, I won't . Love the reaction ❤🤙
Are you here now?
I loved the video Elina.
@Elina Charatsidou
Could you talk about the subject of LFTReactors? I've spent many hours on the subject but it would be fun to hear an unbiased but still knowledgable opinion on the subject.
For me it seems like the future we missed 60 years ago and really should develop. Similar to how batteries were 10-20 years ago.
The folks who were allowed to only work for seconds or a minute were the "liquidators' who were doing the really crazy stuff such as shoveling the moderator graphic blocks and other radioactive debree from the roof of what was left of the raactor building back into the crater where the reactor core used to be. The folks were using what looks like military NBC protective gear with medical X-ray protective wear plus improvsed extra protection.
Human liquidators were being used because available technology did fail due to the massive radiation. Eventually the some machinery to assist the cleanup efforts based on the Soviet Union's Lunokhod lunar exploration robots was being devised by the Lunokhod developers which were recalled from retirement. That worked because the Lunokhod was designed to work in presence of the cosmic radiation on the moon's surface.
The construction workers for the sarcophagus were permitted to work well longer than the liquidators. All sorts of improvised radiation shielding was being used for example massive steel plates welded to the cabin of construction machines to make this safer.
Yes, the camera sensors indeed do glitch due to gamma radiation. It's a known problem with image sensors in space. Th problem is quire pronounced on some older space imagery or of the elephant foot.
That green colored paint is a government and institutional thing that is ubiquitous across Russia and the Former Soviet Union. It's either that pale green or a light blue paint inside the buildings, utilities (local steam plants etc...) the buildings are usually painted some horrible shade of ocher whereas the physical infrastructure (piping etc...) are usually painted gray. The Russians also paint all of the tree trunks in their major cities white.
Great video!
i like that you always make an effort to add on to what video creators talk about in their original pieces. even if your knowledge areas overlap, you're always adding background information, expanding on the point, or reflecting on whether you've encountered an idea before. i think it is the best way to do reaction content :)
Thank you for noticing and for your kind words 👩🏽🔬☢️
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist as most credible people do. Top job! earned a sub
11:36 high energy photons triggering the CCD's "pixels" is actually pretty well known. Video from the ISS or other orbital operations using them, you see the same effect (though not as often!) - and cameras that have been up there for a long duration often develop more dead or hot pixels (stuck fully on or fully off) faster than in normal conditions.
I think also, you can find some video footage of inspection of the Elephant's Foot by way of a robot. I'm unsure if the camera was digital or not, but if I remember correctly the amount of visible noise in the recording spikes as soon as there is an open line-of-site to the material.
It is very well known. Radiation damage to very sensitive low light astronomical cameras over time is a real problem, even in normal background radiation environments. A cosmic ray nails your camera, and now you have permanent dead pixels or hot pixels.
I actually told my dad in january this year (2022) that i wanted to visit Chernobyl this year. Sadly those plans were cancelled shortly after
Are you like me and spent years learning Russian thinking you could use it when you got to Ukraine? 😅
@@jefforymitchell5697 Hey at least that'll open up a few job opportunities
breath of fresh air to see reviews like yours in an over-saturated youtube. thanks for the review and of congratz to kyle huge fan of his already.
The German’s had a documentary on people who return live around Chernobyl. One old guy was a botanist who talked about the plants and animals that could be eaten as they didn’t absorb the radioactive particles or didn’t eat the plants that did. Had a little farm not far from the abandoned city and seemed happy to live in an almost deserted area.
Cameras used on the international space station experience the same phenomenon. Because the gamma photons have such high energy, they can permanently damage camera sensors, and any camera that's been in space for any length of time tends to have permanent grainy artefacts from dead pixels on its sensor.
8:30 Being from America, I'm used to experts sequestering their information behind massive pay walls like colleges. Because of that, I have major respect for this man. He takes his responsibility so seriously that he freely discusses it with others. While we certainly hope to never need this kind of knowledge anywhere else, having that knowledge available worldwide is a great comfort; in the unfortunate event of something like this happening again, the right people will be able to take the right steps far quicker.
I really enjoyed this video, and I've been following Kyle Hill for years, so it was fun to see his video here. I hope Kyle Hill himself sees this, I'm sure he would love it. :) The two of you should consider doing a collab on something
Glad you enjoyed it! Would love to do a collab in the future 👩🏽🔬☢️
Thank you Elina! It is a pleasure to see more people such as yourself and Kyle explaining that radiation isn't the monster that the media portrays!! Have a great day!
I don’t understand the perspective that a disaster that happened almost 40 years ago, that 4,000 people are still managing to this day, that there is no permanent solution for in sight for could lead to the conclusion that nuclear energy is a lot safer than people think it is?
@@judelarkin2883 The design for the RBMK was flawed. There is no comparison of that, to the next gen reactors of today.
@@randyhavener1851 There was also a lot of incompetence involved on many levels. From the planning, construction, up to the operation of the plant.
@@randyhavener1851 Your logic is flawed too.
@@BTW... please explain what you mean? Why is my logic flawed?
12:58 cleanly filtered air from inside the dome is constantly blown out creating the pressure difference. There is never equilibrium except when there's sudden massive damage.
This has to be one of my all time favorite channels! Elina is the best!!! I just love the way you talk. Not just the accent but how you present information… love it !!!
I took the trip into the exclusion zone in 2014. Very cool tour! I was stationed in Germany during the accident so it was great to see the area. Part of the tour Was at the construction site of the arch and then the city of Pripyat where the workers lived. We carried dosimeters and there were areas that were off limits from the tour. When we drove through the red forest every dosimeter on our bus started alarming all at once. Scary to experience!
Great value-added reaction video, thank you very much for this!
Such a wonderfully genuine and bright smile through your personality and poise. Thank you for this wonderful production!
Thanks for introducing me to Elina, Kyle Hill!!! I smashed that subscribe button!
I was also supposed to have gone visit the Exclusion Zone in April this year but... yeah... I was a child when all this happened and it scared me so much. So, I want to go to confront it in a way
UA-cam recommendations brought me here (probably because I’m one of Kyle’s subscribers). After watching this video, I just subscribed to you as well, Elina.
Thank you ☢️👩🏽🔬
Kyle Hill has done some interesting and thought-provoking videos.
As a fan of Kyle's work who had just discovered your channel a couple of days ago, I was disappointed that you had no reaction to this a video. I thought that maybe I should leave a comment suggesting that you watch this series of videos.
Thanks for the pleasant surprise, I am disappointed no more! The final comment you made had me nodding in agreement.
Thank you! I’m glad you enjoyed it! Let me know if there are more videos of his you’d like me to react to ☢️👩🏽🔬
That was an amazing learning journey. Thank you for the video. Can't wait to see your next one
👩🏽🔬☢️ thank you
Thank you for the content Elina. Hoping that by the time the 100 year anniversary roles around we have made more progress into ways to clean this site up.
I loved your reaction ! I like the idea of one day exploring Pripyat and the Reactor Area but I don t think I will. I hope you make it there instead as soon as it becomes possible and safe.
Wow! Brains and beauty! You have it all Elina. Great video.
The gamma radiation pixel artifacts remind me of what I got when I sent my phone recording a video in slowmo mode thru an airport X-ray machine
Great video, awesome explanation. Thanks
Thank you, Elina for a great review of Kyle's video.
Another great video Elina, thank you for making these.
Glad you enjoyed it!👩🏽🔬☢️
Also another difference between containment and confinement is containment buildings are normally reinforced concrete structures specifically built to withstand overpressure cases inside of the building to not explode and release radioactive contamination like you saw with the Fukushima reactors exploding. Mainly from the zirconium cladding corroding with water into hydrogen gas under high temperatures you find when the fuel melts.
Yeah if you watch the footage of Chernobyl right after the accident from film or photos you see the exact same thing but more intense since the radiation was fresh and more powerful at the time.
As far as the pressure differential and maintaining it with a hole in the NSC that all depends on the size of the hole and the strength of the air pumps being used to maintain that lower pressure. I'd also imagine they have some temporary patches they could put into place to maintain the pressure differential. Especially when mounted from the outside it wouldn't require any crazy fastening for a temp patch as the pressure differential would also want to hold it in place.
The one thing where the passage of time helps is that the longer this stuff sits around the less dangerous it is to humans thus easier to clean up. The so called "elephant's foot" is the prime example of this. Shortly after it was discovered being in it's presences for two minutes was fatal. Now that same fatal time has risen to like two hours or even more. In a hundred years I'd hope they would be well into clean up of this mess instead of looking to replace one confinement facility with another.
I’ve worked on imaging sensors and can confirm that radiation is visible as white pixels.
It are not necessarily photons but electronic interactions. More specific charges.
These also affect other electronic circuits and chips. For applications in radioactive regions (space, medical ) or critical circuits radiation hard designs are required.
Typically shielding, more robust electronic circuits and redundancy.
A former CEO of the utility I work at went through containment on a tour and didn't put on the shoe booties. When leaving containment a particle was detected on one of his super-expensive Italian shoes that had to be temporarily taken away from him.
I saw a documentry about them working for 1 min at a time, it was unbeliveable. They tried wearing as much lead pieces too - so they carried so much wieght too.
Elina and Kyle in the same video, hell yea!!
I think what they need is a Chernobyl visitor center where they can sell Chernobyl merchandise such as Chernobyl the T-shirt, Chernobyl the Coloring Book, Chernobyl the Lunch box, Chernobyl the Breakfast Cereal, Chernobyl the Flame Thrower. The kids will love that one.
for now there is the chernobyl vodka only
Thanks for bringing this content from Kyle into your audience. Your well spoken and value-added commentary is the kind of reflection we need to get more nuclear energy into the world. Keep being awesome!
Thank you for the explanation of the difference between confinement and containment.
Elina, you are the best thank you for making all this so understandable. The Kyle Hill presentation was very good. As far as "Would I consider visiting Chernobyl?" No, I am close enough but thanks. Love your shows, Danny
Stuff like Chernobyl is so fascinating to me because I actually live in close proximity to two separate nuclear power plants, one of which, being the infamous Three Mile Island, and despite the fear the world likes to portray, I've always felt so safe around them. Going to school, we could look out in the distance and see the steam rising from the closest plant and admire it. I very specifically remember, due to the proximity to these plants, the lessons they taught us in school about what to do if ever there were an emergency with them.
It's something I always like to be conscious of, but never fear. And I love learning about them. So thank you so much for your content!
What is fascinating about the three mile island incident is that there was a study done that estimated approximately 0.5 additional cancer cases due to the radiation. Not 0.5% additional cases but literally 1 or fewer expected cases.
When you are close to something that indeed has a risk, be it as small as bad nuclear accident in today's NPPs, safety and personal protection measures should indeed be taught to local populations.. One for NPP specifically is very simple: Stay inside, and airtight everything until further information or evacuation.
Funny enough, i don't think communities downstream of dams have any idea how to deal with a collapse....
And remember, the deadliest energy related disaster was a dam collapsing.. 250000 people died.
I love your content and look forward to your next video. I would love see your take on the famous nuclear physicists of the past like Teller, Fermi, Ulam, Sakharov and of course Oppenheimer. Thank you and take care.
Most interesting information. 👍
Thanks Elina!❤️☕️☕️☕️🐾🐿🇨🇦
If you check out Rolf-Dieter Klein's channel, the "10 Sievert per Hour Radiation - tested with the RadioactivityCounter App at the Buchler device" video, you see an extreme example of the artifacts caused by gamma radiation hitting the image sensor.
And in a lot of footage from Chernobyl at the time of the accident, you see artifacts from the high radiation environment on photographic film, such as it becoming very grainy or darkened/lightened), as well as flashes.
Can I suggest you do similar commentary to Kyle Hill's "Half-life stories" videos? I've learned a lot from those and I find very interesting.
The crossover we never knew we needed but always did!
I can confirm the artifacting in the video in regards to the pixels being over developed essentially. I spent 9 years working in radioactive fields, and we used the effect as training aid to show to new members in our organization.
Elina, In the future if you are able to go please consider a few stops on your journey through Pripyat.
1. Zavodska Street Firehouse
(This firehouse not too far from the Yupiter Bldg is where the first engines responding to the fire came from. The flats alongside the firehouse are where Lyudmilla and Vasily Ignatenko along with many other firemen lived. Their living block was attached to the firehouse.
Yaniv Rail Station is where Lyudmilla caught the train to Moscow. This walk took her closer to the power plant and she waited at the train station for a few hours before getting a ride to Moscow for Hospital No 6.
Would be interested to know if there are radiation readings after the accident at these two locations and the levels.
Please be careful and consider a dust mask as during the recent war troops dug holes into the ground allowing these long buried materials to again be caught in the wind.
Stay safe.
Note that you get those white pixels if you tape something black over your camera and then fly on a plane. Phone cameras actually make pretty good gamma and neutron detectors because they're not very sensitive to anything but high levels of radiation and are very hard to saturate even if they're exposed to an unshielded reactor. Unlike many Geiger counters that can get maxed out and start screaming at you even when the radiation is "not great, not terrible." And you have no way of knowing if it's 3.6 Roentgens... or 15000.
Kodak film plants in the U.S complained during the first testings due to how they affected newly made x-ray films "unveiling" them before going out for the market during the quality test.
BTW, there's a video of a pair of dudes running around INSIDE the Sarcophagus in mid 2000's. Stepping over the fuel assemblies and even peeking inside the well where the core used to be located. Elena was filmed from a few meters away too.
Thank you for this hard work, history in the making.
When you imagine how difficult it is to build primary structures on top of a blown up nuclear powerplant - maybe they should mandatory prebuild columns on newly built powerplants. Then after an accident you just have to put a roof on top. Chernobyl’s first sarcophag has build a column on top the flown away reactor cover. Which is unstable.
Also i like the new approach of gen 3+ powerplants which incorporate a meltdown as a design basis accident by implementing a 170m2 ceramic plate below the core where molden fuel is catched and distributed for better cooling afterwards.
Love your assessments, Elina. I've subscribed, and I'll keep watching and listening to your future posts.
I really dream about visiting this area as well as Pripyat. It’s obviously part of a tragic history moment but soooooo fascinating!
Hope one day you will make a video on that or who knows, dreaming is allowed, meet you there and visiting this with you 😅😍
Thanks again for your content! Keep going! 👌
Good Day and thank You for your excellent commentary. Very interesting and educational. Best Regards.
Any possibility you could do a reaction to the movie Threads? Everyone talks about how scary it is, but it would be interesting to get a scientific reaction.
Thanks for the suggestion! Will look into it!☢️👩🏽🔬
You create the negative pressure by constantly pumping air out of the space. Typically this is done to prevent odours escaping from processes or or dust contamination as here. The air you pump out is then filtered to remove the material of concern before releasing it into the environment. (In the case of odours you typically use a thermal combustor to destroy the odour, but for dust, you use various types of filter.)
It is worth to add, that the construction of NSC was even more pressing matter because of two major issues:
-First is that because Sarcophagus was constructed over the ruins of the reactor building, some of that still standing parts of the building were use as a part of the Sarcophagus, beam supporting roof was rested upon west wall of the reactor building, both wall and roof are not very structurally stable and could collapse.
-Secondly, the Upper Biological Shielding of the reactor core itself weighing 1000 tons was thrown up during the explosion and now rests almost verticly at 105 degree angle supported only by a pile of rubble. A collape of UBS, would not only rise dust, but could cause damage to the Sarcophagus.
Very interesting! I find nuclear videos fascinating and particularly like the post mortem videos by “Plainly Difficult”.
Very interesting. A fascinating insight into what's been going on there.
Thank you! I’m glad you enjoyed it👩🏽🔬☢️
As a UA-cam channel it is cool topic to cover and to hear directly from a nuclear physicist is just very cool. Thanks
Nice reaction, congratz!
There's a video uploaded by a channel called "Crazycars81" that's various footage from inside the sarcophagus, it shows these "artifacts" in a much more intense fashion, also showing less depending on location within the sarcophagus.
regarding the clothes they wear inside, chances are those never actually leave the facility.
my grandpa worked in an east german uranium processing facility, overseen by the soviet military, they had similar protocols, no clothing from outside goes in, no clothing from inside got out. they had one changing room to undress, a shower room to wash themselves and a second changing room to put on the inside clothes. On the way out they had to leave the clothes they wore throughout their work day, which would, depending on how contaminated they were, either be cleaned inside the facility, or contained back in one of the de-commissioned mine shafts, never to be seen again. they also didn't wash themselves, they were hosed down by a soldier to make sure not even a tiny speck of radioactive dust could be carried outside and potentially contaminate a worker and his family.
How about having a go at one of the Kirk Sorensen videos about Thorium Molten Salt Reactors?
Just wondering are they scientifically sound or is it more of a sales pitch
The negative pressure is the same thing that they do in apartment buildings but with a positive pressure to keep smells in apartments not hallways.
1:17 What is shown here is not the sarcophagus, but the New Safe Confinement structure that was built over the sarcophagus, much later, and was finished only 5 years ago.
Throughout October and November I worked in the local powerplant (the Krško Nuclear Power Plant). Due to the obvious high security no one can approach closer than 500m of the facility. That's why scale was never a thing I really knew before I actually stood under the building.
I remember coming in for the first time and just staring because I'd never really been close to a 50+m tall building. And when some people climbed on top to clean the cupola they were so tiny...
Hi Elina! new subscriber here. I always liked nuclear physics. I worked at the University of Buenos Aires for 23 years, mostly in teaching physics labs. You channel is very good!
Thank you so much and best of luck. ☢️👩🏽🔬
@@YourFriendlyNuclearPhysicist I'd like to get in touch, maybe chat some time! I'll drop you a line via the form on your website. You do great work :-)
lol i love the disappointed tone about their interior decoration and paint tastes
Honest question, this new containment cover is to last approx 100 years, when do we need to start figuring out what to cover it with next? another Dome over that Dome or complete replacement?
Some say this was not a reactor but a interdimensional doorway that they forced closed to keep it from coming through
Great video to you and Kyle 💪
10:45 With that radiation (20.62 mSv) and comparing it against the table (thus removing 5 years of "natural radiation"), if your visit is 4.30 hours long, then you've reached the first orange warning: 100 "recommended limit every 5 years"... So, one hour would put you off any radiation source for a year approximately... And that's near the old sarcophagus...
Probably a video on zaprosia plant situation and precaution people can take if something goes wrong might be great.
Zaporizhzhia?
The Russians won't destroy it, they'd lose a strategic advantage. Ukraine wants NATO's help and thinks they would if something BIG happened, and also know if anything happened the western media would blame Russia.
It's a dangerous situation and as things get more desperate you never know what might happen......
Basically GTFO
11:10 How to verify the Gamma Ray interference? It's a well-known effect.
I know for a fact that those artifacts showed up on old VHS footage taken around Chernobyl as well. And I guess you can say with high certainty that this is from radiation when it shows up only inside the NSC or around other radiation sources.
Cameras are known to be affected by other high-energy radiation as well, like air traffic search radars. I once watched a documentary about the 1982 Falklands War. A camera team filmed on the flight deck of one of the British carriers and every two seconds or so the picture got all "snowy" from white artifacts - this was from the search beam of the main radar-set sweeping over the camera.
The channel Dive Talk had some reactions to some videos of people diving with totally inadequate equipment in some buildings they claimed to be in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Maybe that would be interesting for you to have a look at too.
6 months ago I got within 20 miles of the exclusionary boundary making a delivery. I had no desire going any further.
It’s crazy that those gamma ray artifacts are present on recording that where taken far far way back before people evacuated the city.
Your video's are very interesting. Learning lots. Thank you!
Just subscribed! I'd love to see a comparison of waste hazard per unit volume for different methods of power production. Like, if we were to concentrate other plants' emissions and residuals until they were as hazardous as nuke, which would produce more waste to have to manage? In the case of everything non-nuclear, of course, we are just spewing most or all of it into the atmosphere, and it's out of sight, out of mind. Still, I'll bet that nuclear would easily win.
When Chernobyl happened I was in high school and had a number of pen pals who were swept by the cloud of raidation. The very next year I would be studying nuclear power plants in the military. I loved that school! Having friends so close to an accident drove home the point of safety and knowing everything about everything regarding my job. It's absolutely incredible when things are going well, which is almost all of the time, but during the rare times when something goes wrong everyone needs to be clear headed and know their stuff. I'm still absolutely in favor of nuclear, and an very excited about the new designs.
Nuclear would win in terms of having the least waste. And most of what is classed as "nuclear waste" is nowhere _near_ as dangerous as spent fuel. The clothes that they wore inside the arch are technically nuclear waste, but processing them is as simple as washing them and filtering the water to capture the dust.
@Elina Charatsidou
Could you talk about the subject of LFTReactors? I've spent many hours on the subject but it would be fun to hear an unbiased but still knowledgable opinion on the subject.
For me it seems like the future we missed 60 years ago and really should develop. Similar to how batteries were 10-20 years ago.
The green paint was a surprise to me as well, in the US in the 50's the color was known as Government green or Government mint. It was used in schools, courthouses and just about any government building you went into.
I studied color theory as graphic designer that green color is supposed to have calming effect on the human mind not surprising that it was utilized is an environment that would be such a stressful place to be working
The pixel glitches are legit :)
Basically radiation are charged particles and such things as a camera photosensor is made of information gathering sensors where the light hits it, under that there is the information translation from light to electric signals.
And these part of the sensors which the particles can interact, and make them miscalculate or even discharge a charged tiristor or transistor. So yeah a high radiation level could be seen through a camera from the noisyness of it . Even if the light and other settings are great.
The white pixel glich could be an other color I think, but due the structure of the sensor, multiple particles should hit the parts inside it next to eachother, or a shorter wavelength to hit them really fast one after the other.
11:40 - this effect that radiation has on digital cameras is well known and has even been used to measure radiation with...smartphone cameras. The idea is that you block the camera with black tape to block visible light and only ionizing radiation can penetrate and hit the CCD sensor of the camera.
I know it sounds like bullshit and I was sceptical too, but you can find tests of it on old UA-cam videos where people compare it with Geiger counters and it did work. Bionerd also tested the app in Chernobyl hotspots.
I have also recently been watching an MIT course on nuclear physics (available on UA-cam) and the professor mentioned it in one of the lectures as well. It's obviously not very accurate, but it does measure radiation.
If you want more extreme cases, there are videos of people exposing phones and cameras to either particle accelarators or extremely radioactive sources like cobalt-60.
It is obviously not a reliable way to measure radiation and it's basically a toy, since it is less accurate than even the cheapest Geiger counters, but it demonstrates the principle.
Edit: I have found an actual scientific paper that looks into this, you can Google "The suitability of smartphone camera sensors for detecting radiation"
Here is the abstract of the study:
"The advanced image sensors installed on now-ubiquitous smartphones can be used to detect ionising radiation in addition to visible light. Radiation incidents on a smartphone camera’s Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor creates a signal which can be isolated from a visible light signal to turn the smartphone into a radiation detector. This work aims to report a detailed investigation of a well-reviewed smartphone application for radiation dosimetry that is available for popular smartphone devices under a calibration protocol that is typically used for the commercial calibration of radiation detectors. The iPhone 6s smartphone, which has a CMOS camera sensor, was used in this study. Black tape was utilized to block visible light. The Radioactivity counter app developed by Rolf-Dieter Klein and available on Apple’s App Store was installed on the device and tested using a calibrated radioactive source, calibration concrete pads with a range of known concentrations of radioactive elements, and in direct sunlight. The smartphone CMOS sensor is sensitive to radiation doses as low as 10 µGy/h, with a linear dose response and an angular dependence. The RadioactivityCounter app is limited in that it requires 4-10 min to offer a stable measurement. The precision of the measurement is also affected by heat and a smartphone’s battery level. Although the smartphone is not as accurate as a conventional detector, it is useful enough to detect radiation before the radiation reaches hazardous levels. It can also be used for personal dose assessments and as an alarm for the presence of high radiation levels."
I always associate that shade of green with early computing so it's somewhat jarring to see a "modern control center" with that color :D
3:40 "Train rails" was LOL
As far as following safety protocols, often the people that need to follow them are not scientists, but workers, who don’t necessarily understand the protocols. I am reminded of The Demon Core accident by a PhD scientist who neglected to follow their safety rules.
Nothing should ever be built with a single safety mechanism and should be designed with the assumption that the user will be completely reckless.
Yes Theory visited Chernobyl as well and talked with locals and survivors. They also happened to encounter one of the primary peopled involved in the disaster in their video about the war in Ukraine when they found her in the evacuation zone while they where helping.
I´m also in awe of this construction, and the scale of this accident that might just have had a big impact on my childhood, as I was 8 in Norway when it happened. We were in the fallout area, and accepted dose of milk and meat was raised several times after the accident. Nobody I know are affected though, I just feel for the people of Pripyat at the time, and as far away as Belarus, where a lot of the most dangerous fallout would have landed. But I guess nobody at the plant will talk about that part even today? Either way, I would have a lot of questions for these poor guides. Everyone should know the basics of why the accident happened. The cleanup process is another thing, and not often talked about. Some have found out a bit of what happened, but maybe it´s even dangerous for some to look to far into these operations...
Honestly, I didn’t know much about Chernobyl other than the accident that happened until I saw a TikTok of a private tour group showing some of the footage of the reactor. My initial thought was “Wait! You can ACTUALLY GO THERE?!?!” That started me down the rabbit hole of learning about nuclear energy and power plants. Kyle’s videos have been an immensely helpful resource for not only Chernobyl, but all things regarding nuclear energy! I love watching his videos on the subject! And now that I’ve found your channel, I’m excited to learn even more!
I would strongly recommend to make use of more and contrasting sources. Otherwise you can hardly keep above your sources biases
@@udirt of course. That’s with anything. Much less a more complex topic like nuclear physics and energy. My mindset has always been “How does this work? Why does it work this way? What all goes into this?”
People don't know that not only is it not deadly to go there, the accident didn't even kill Chernobyl as a power plant. After Reactor 4 exploded, reactors 1-3 kept on producing power for years. Eventually the EU bullied Ukraine (not the Soviet Union, Chernobyl outlived that) into closing the plant down, and the last reactor was shut down in 2000. Yes, Chernobyl was still actively producing electricity into the 21st century.
What occurred to me about the dome is that they did something that could be repeated if in the 100 years no better ideas come along.
The construction of it means you could build another one either bigger or smaller and slide it into place.
Elina can you please make a video on different kinds of thorium reactors and their advantages and disadvantages and what's preventing us from building a lot of thorium reactors already
Thanks again!
Ever since the war in Ukraine started one of my genuine fears is the Sarcophagus over the compromised reactor in Chernobyl getting caught in the crossfire and releasing the radiation from the core
The detector you saw on Kyle Hills chest is called the Ecotest terra p + it's a detector that tells you the radiation levels it does not tell you what your accumulated dose is when you get into the Chernobyl exclusion zone they give you those to see the levels there
Idk if and how you can verify the gamma ray pixels, but it's a known phenomenon from videos taken in space. fascinating indeed to see it on Earth. super interesting to see this video with your commentary.
The trick is in filtration, as it always is.
Filtration, or a method of particulate separation, is a science onto itself.
Those liquidators are unsung heroes
There was a 5 ton 16 inch thick steel blast door that was found over a quarter mile from where it was attached in the facility, after the explosion