The International Phonetic Alphabet
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- Опубліковано 26 вер 2024
- How can we track all of the sounds of language, exactly how we hear them? Why aren't our regular writing systems up to the challenge? This week on The Ling Space, we talk about the International Phonetic Alphabet: what it is, why we need it, and how the charts are arranged. Plus, we made our own IPA charts!
This is Topic #12!
This week's tag language: Spanish!
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We also have forums to discuss this episode, and linguistics more generally.
Looking forward to next week!
Sir, based solely on your t-shirts, your books, and the content of your videos, you are now my new best friend I've never met.
Haha, thanks so much! It's always good to hear that kind of thing. ^_^
The discovery of the schwa in phonology was the magical moment English pronunciation started making a tiny bit of sense to me. I know plenty of my fellow students disagreed but I could have use phonology in my foreign language learning way earlier in my education. (Nice t-shirt :) )
Sir, this is the best video on youtube about phonetics that covers all the important or whole concept of it. thanks alot for this wonderful lesson.
Ravi Anand Thanks a lot for the kind words! We're definitely glad that you got a lot out of it. ^_^
as far as i'm concerned, phonetic is abstract if you are not a native speaker you can't produce al the sounds together, cause it's not natural!
Ravi Anand Veludandi
this is a rare (or unusual) modern channel teaching certain necessary topic yet not interested by the vast majority such as the international phonetic alphabet. I did not say it is not interesting it is just sad that it has less views. I think this deserve more. Thanks for the video keep up the good work man.
+Orie E Thanks for the kind words! We'll try to keep it up. Hopefully more people will find us. ^_^
@@thelingspacewe miss you
I'm a graduate student in speech language pathology working on a language sample. Thanks for the excellent refresher on IPA. I will tell my friends and classmates about your channel!
+bridge2nowhere Great! Glad you got something out of it. Glad to help! And please do pass it around. ^_^
[ai] ❤ [fənɛɾiks] YES!
You Have inspired me to go practice IPA by figuring out how to write "All hail the Glow Cloud!" in IPA. Thank you.
piouppioup Thanks for the comment! Glad you like the t-shirt. ^_^
I really agree about teaching phonology in foreign language education. For example, the amount of time I spent getting the [ɸ] right for Japanese was pretty astonishing, but it's because I was told "it's sort of like an 'f', but not quite, and it sounds like this." So all I could do was just practice it over and over until I worked out how to do it. If someone told me it was a voiceless bilabial fricative, it'd've been so much easier to get! We shouldn't worry about a few extra symbols, like [ə], if it really makes the points clearer for the learner.
Woo! I was waiting for your IPA video! This is quickly becoming one of my favorite channels.
Thanks for the kind words! We'll do our best to keep it up. ^_^
Thank you so much for this video! I'm cramming for my phonology final today and I just can't continue anymore. I'm just gonna watch all of your videos instead😁
Not a bad choice! You'll still be learning. Glad to be able to help! ^_^
Night Vale shirt! Linguistics is highly applicable to WTNV. Oh and now you're talking about Carlos, Cecil, dogs and Angels.... this is a conspiracy
I'll teach Speech Communication for the first time, and I'm glad I stumbled upon your site.
+Van Kristine Mendoza Great to hear! I hope you find it useful. ^_^
I'm so pleased I stumbled across your channel! I'm a language enthusiast myself, so this is really useful.
+DarkStarMedia Thanks! Glad you're finding it interesting and helpful. Hope you stick around. ^_^
I am! I'm actually recording a video on the IPA tomorrow and would love to credit this video as a source, if that's alright?
+DarkStarMedia Sure, go for it! ^_^
+The Ling Space Thanks a million!
I like your "I love phonetics" sign in the back haha
The subtle nightvale references throught the video are a great bonus.
As an English teacher I find this video epic! Great job!
+tsenenko Thanks! Glad you like it. ^_^
I’m a linguistics major, so this was a really interesting and informative video! I’ve gotta say all of the WTNV references made it for me, lol
Wow! I am in a linguistics class and struggling. Your videos are helpful. My next project is to try and understand what each phoneme "sounds" like. (you made it sound easy-oh this symbol sounds like this-not quite sure it will be easy.) I am going to look through your videos to see if you have an "ABC" for phoneme video. (if not-it might be a good addition for a new ESL teacher!)
We don't really have a specific one, but there are a lot of resources around for that! Try this one from USC, perhaps: sail.usc.edu/span/rtmri_ipa/index.html
As an SLP, I use the IPA on a regular basis as part of assessing articulation impairments. GREAT VIDEO! : )
Thanks! Glad you liked it. ^_^
Quite impressed by how fluid your pronunciation of Xhosa sounded (not that I speak it)
Im actually having hardtime bout this topic. Thanks God finally found your vids 😉😙
Ps: im preparing for my report next week on masters about this. Oh wish me luck 😊😉
Good luck! Hope it worked out! ^_^
Wonderful video, thank you. The instruction is so clear.
cm t Glad you found it helpful! ^_^
Absolutely love these videos
I'm strongly considering taking linguistics at some university in Québec (I'm from South Ontario) once I finish my last year of high school this year, and after watching a couple of your videos, I really feel like I would love it.
I'm currently addicted to learning several foreign languages, and I feel as though it keeps getting easier. And after watching this video, I believe it helps even further
When I first told my friend about the IPA, he thought India Pale Ale....
Hell yeah. A language channel with a who likes Welcome to Night Vale
Is the presenter a linguist?? Love the channel though it's great for all my languages I study at school (English, Irish, French and German). I'm hoping to learn this off by heart as it would cut out the middle man of translating all the foreign language sounds into English sound then back into French and then memorising it. Anyway the moral of the story learn the IPA.
+Alannah Hurley Yep, I am a linguist! Our whole writing team are linguistics people, really. And yeah, I agree about the utility of the IPA - it makes it a lot easier to work out what you're supposed to be saying exactly. It helped me with the languages I learned, too. It does take some investment, but it's worth it. ^_^
I love the IPA (and LingSpace) but I was never convinced that EVERY unstressed syllable in English is ALWAYS a schwa.
Yeah, this is true. There is more variation than just schwa; this is particularly the case where we find some [ɪ] in unstressed syllables. And it's also dialectal, how much of each you get. That's also leaving behind syllables headed by sonorant consonants: like, usually when I say "mountain", it's essentially [mauntn̩], with a final syllabic [n]. So yes, just schwa everywhere is a bit reductive, it's true.
The Ling Space
Hallelujah! You just alleviated over a decade of mental anguish! S'why I dig ya!
Glad to be able to help! ^_^
your pronunciation is the best.
+Shuyanchi Thanks! We try pretty hard. It's not always perfect, but we do our best with it. ^_^
I've been yearning to learn the IPA as both a nerd and a singer. Do you recommend any resources to help memorise it? I haven't found any good ones yet.
P.S. I love this series.
8:20 This video IS AMAZING!
Haha, thanks. Glad you like it. ^_^
very interesting, i never got any where with it, but for years now, ive been trying to create my own language, which is pretty much exactly the same as this... one letter, one sound, based on the human voice... its even based on your mouth position like the second chart..... the main differences being, i wanted more universal symbols to represent the positions, similar to how a power on/off symbol, and usb symbol, for their tasks, symbols not related to any language, but easily identifiable....... the other difference being the name, ive been calling it "Humanji"
What you're describing sounds kind of like a version of the Ethiopic abugidas - coming up with systems that track what versions of sounds you're saying based on position. Except instead of changing characters based on the vowels, it'd be by place of articulation, which sounds pretty cool to me. Good luck with it! ^_^
Great video
The international phonetic alphabet does seem really quite useful. How challenging is it for an adult to learn all the components of it? The ways the sounds are logically arranged seems like it would be helpful, but you've already discussed in the past how recognizing sounds is more easily done when young.
Greg Sanders Thanks for the question! I think it depends on what you mean by learning it, exactly. Learning the components in terms of describing each of the sounds isn't terribly hard - we do that every term in a month or six weeks in phonetics classes. So learning to look at [c] and say "voiceless palatal stop!" is not hard.Learning to recognize or produce all the different sounds accurately is more difficult, though. This is more of a matter of training your ear or your mouth to do the relevant things. I've been doing it for years, and I still have sounds I struggle to produce correctly within the first couple of tries. The hearing side, I find, comes easier with training, but it takes longer to hear them differently in context, as opposed to in isolation.That said, it is still definitely doable, and there are a lot of resources available online that can help with this - phonetics people aren't shy about sharing! I do think it's a very useful tool, and it's accessible, particularly if you focus on the sounds that are the most common cross-linguistically that you need. It just takes some training. But it's worth it in the end, I think. ^_^
Thanks for video
Awesome video, man! Thanks.
Absolutely amazing tutorial on the basics of the international phonetic alphabet (for absolute beginners). If I ever need to refer anyone to a video regarding this short subject, this is the goto video. The other vids on yt are more 'sterile' than Moti. Thanks for the free lecture!
its amaaaaazing
Ok, I have a question for you!! Moti, do you read what you are saying in your videos? If you don't, how do you know all this??? OMG, I totally admire your smartness!! Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us. Good day!!
We do have a teleprompter setup, but basically, we have a team of three linguists, including me, who write scripts for the channel. We all have differing areas of expertise, and so it allows us to cover more topics! Glad you're enjoying the videos! ^_^
I love your videos, thank you!
Excellent video! I love how how you explain things... A very useful introduction to Phonectics :)
***** Thanks for the kind words! Glad you found it useful. ^_^
This is SO helpful, thank you!!
I've been trying to learn IPA by examples from Danish (my native language), English and French ... however the vowels are really confusing. IPA doesn't seem to be able to represent Danish vowels correctly without diacritics.
Danish teachers have their own phonetic alphabet (called "Dania") which is way more intuitive wrt. the Danish language ... but translating exactly between Dania and IPA requires strict IPA.
An universal human anatomy and universal human sounds! # HumansUnitedSociety
My favourite phoneme is theta /ø/
I just haven't its symbol on my keyboard
Thank you
+Fahad Alqahtani You're welcome! ^_^
You want you be my tutor? lol This seems super overwhelming, but you make it sound easy as pie!
Thank you very much for making this video! It was really interesting learning about phonetics, as always.
I have a couple of questions I would like to ask.
1. What is the difference between phonology and phonetics? I looked it up in a dictionary but did not quite get it. Can you please explain?
2. Is there any language that only has either voiced or unvoiced consonants, i.e. lacks pairs like [b] and [p]? Is there any language that only has either rounded or unrounded vowels, i.e. only lacks pairs like [i] and [y]?
3. From watching you here at _the Ling Space_ and some other channels focused on linguistics, like _xidnaf_ and _Artifexian_, I understand that a sound gets it’s own symbol in the IPA when some language in the world recognized it as a different phoneme compared to a similar sound, like [bIt] vs. [bi:t] in English. This gets really important in Slavic language like Russian, which have pairs of palatalised and non-palatalised consonants. There is a difference between [l] in угол [ˈuɡəl] ‘corner’ and the palatalised [lʲ] in in уголь [ˈuɡəlʲ] ‘coal’, and this is not the only example of such a clear minimal pair when it comes to palatalization. So, why aren't these recognized as completely different sounds and why doesn’t [lʲ] have it’s own symbols?
I’m a newbie in IPA, can speak more than one language
Sadly, it is now impossible to use IPA in UA-cam comments, they get deleted.
How does the IPA deal with tones? In Mandarin at least, the tones vary dramatically even when they are all the same tone (the second tone in 公平 is a lot different from the second tone from 国家 for instance).
I'd prefer the vowel chart to be a 3d table to account for roundedness.
Cool
Is there any of european languange that spells phonetically?
+agil ghifari There aren't any languages that explicitly use the IPA, no. But there are definitely languages that do a better job of having their orthography and pronunciation match up. Finnish, for example, has a very transparent orthography. ^_^
The Ling Space what about hangul ? isnt it even more transparent ?
The Ling Space why don't they make it obvious from the orthography? what limits them?
i appreciate your shirt
Do these symbols have a specific name? Like, here 4:44 you name one as "engma". How can I learn their names? Is there a book I can read to learn their names?
Some of them have names, just the ones that are taken from alphabets and have names in said alphabet. They're rarely used for most of them. Engma, enya, schwa, etc are some examples. Check the interactive ipa chart on wikipedia and check out the pages for the individual sound to see if it has a name. Some for example will be "Upside down latin lowercase letter a" but some have more interesting names. For us at least, for the speakers of the languages they come from it's the same.
is that a book about Ithkuil in the lower right shelf????
How do you do to type in word the IPA with Doulos Font? I can not find any info about it... Thanks!
How do we know when a vowel is stressed? To me, the [i] is stressed ....
I'm your 7000th sub!!
+MakerJake Awesome! Thanks so much for signing on. ^_^
I am very interested in linguistic studies.. but I don't know what I can do with it as a job in life. Can someone enlighten me on the uses it may provide?
(subscribed btw, I love these kinds of videos)
Glad you're liking the videos! If you're curious about where to go with it, Superlinguo's been running a linguistics jobs series for a while: www.superlinguo.com/tagged/linguist-jobs
There's also some stuff on careerlinguist.com/ that might be useful for you!
The Ling Space Thank you so much!
aɪ ˈrɪli əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ɪt
I can see that you are a nightvale fan ;)
Definitely are! We should do another Nightvale-themed episode soon, I think. ^_^
The Ling Space YES! I will be looking for that episode. (But not directly.)
I am perplexed by the lack of "standardiSation" /standardiZation (hence my point!) ... of Modern English. Even with the IPA alphabet which I am familiar with (for years). I like your video. As an ex-ESL (English as a Second Language) teacher, I feel so sorry for NESB (Non-English Speaking Background) people. English spelling is a MESS! Hopefully coming up to the middle of the 21st Century, they will modify the existing English Alphabet, icw the IPA, and come up with a 44 letter : "Simplified English Alphabet". (It ain't rocket science)...... eg: use the "O" and put 7x accents, or a line, or 2 dots around it, or turn it upside down (eg: schwa - upsidedown "e") ...... (strive to make it quick/easy to write the letters). I understand that modern Native English speakers may not like this, BUT the whole world is on a precipice of using English as a "Lingua Franca", .... Let's fix up the English alphabet (by 2029), ..... and get rid of some of the totally "irregular" Norman-French & Germanic spellings, and "archaic" grammar: Let's make English a bit like "Esperanto". So most foreign people could pick up a ....... "Simplified English" language ...... in a month ? With REGULAR spelling, and CONSISTENT grammar. It's not that hard (.......... say over, 1 decade, for young adult Native speakers to start saying, (and even have a giggle), ..... but start saying : Today I speak, Yesterday I speaked. Today I think, yesterday I thinked; today I go, yesterday I goed, I know now, I knowed it before ..... (little infants & children do this all the time!). Let's make it so, the "whole world" can learn fluent English ..... in say a month? It takes native speaker 6 years of Primary schooling, .... and they still make mistakes! (So do Uni-students!) God forbid .... the burgeoning world, wanting a quick n' easy ..... "Lingua Franca English" ........ Let's call it : "Simplified English" ??
good
lisod² lang sakong kinabuhi
subbed
Where's "W" on the consonant chart? Did I miss it?
It's sometimes not included, the bilabial or velar approximant is usually where it's put when included.
He's Canadian
+clara saffronI don't know why this isn't working at the moment to reply to you, but I'll put it here instead: Thanks for the kind words about the video! I don't know other videos that have all the sounds, but the UVic IPAlab has a chart where all the files are linked up to recordings of the different sounds that I found really helpful. You can find it here: web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/IPAab/IPAlab.htm
+The Ling Space Do you have links to English articles written just using the phonetic alphabet?
+The Ling Space Unfortunately, it looks like this is now password protected. Is there an alternative site that has the same setup?
sj sound of Swedish, still makes the IPA with their IPA dumbfounded.
The Major Nope
Phones, they are called phones, allophones are phones that are recognised as the same phoneme, but the narrow transcription use phones.
/'ku:l'bʌmpə'stIkə/
+Nick Person /θæŋks/
You transcribed deja vu differently than you pronounced it. It should have been deI not de.
Schwa is named after Hebrew's שווא!
water your sunflowers
+Jake Rowell We were enjoying their wilted ambiance here! That was our goal, anyway.
gyazo.com/a86a4cee14e74f5531bc23b3f4185522
My dear, You know English sounds learning is needed for foreigners yet your speed of explanation is even difficult for natives to make out what you've taught. First of all slow down to be understood.
kapović
shit I didn't notice the way anglophone say dejavu was so convoluted XD. (In my accent it's probably deʒavu)
ሀሁሂ
what kind of accent does the host have
.
My language is Spanish, and the AFI (Abecedario Fonético Internacional, direct translation of IPA) is very easy! Almost every letter has only one sound!
Vowel sounds:
/a/ Aa, Áá
/e/ Ee, Éé
/i/ Ii, Íí, Yy
/o/ Oo, Óó
/u/ Uu, Úú, Üü
Consonant sounds:
/b/ Bb, Vv
/d/ Dd
/f/ Ff
/g/ Gg
/j/ Ii, Yy
/k/ Cc, Kk, Qq
/l/ Ll
/m/ Mm
/n/ Nn
/ɲ/ Ññ
/p/ Pp
/ɾ/ Rr
/r/ Rr, rr
/s/ Cc, Ss, Zz
/ʃ/ Ll ll, Yy
/t/ Tt
/θ/ Cc, Zz
/w/ Uu, Ww
/x/ Gg, Jj
/tʃ/ Ch ch
Hh is always silent
Example:
Todos los seres humanos nacen iguales en dignidad y derechos, y estando dotados de razón y conciencia, deben actuar unos con otros con espíritu de fraternidad.
[tódos los séɾes umános náθen/násen iɡwales en diɡnidád i deɾétʃos i estándo dotádos de raθón/rasón i konθjénθia/konsjénsia dében aktwár únos kon ótros kon un espíritu de fraternidád]
Thank you so much for this video! Its really good and helped me a lot! ^^
Thanks for making this video! I've started studying phonetics & linguistics a year ago and transcription classes where we would practice the periodic table of speech sounds were always my favorite! I wish your great video would have been on youtube back then already because I'm sure it helps understand everything better (at least for foreign student. Somehow I find english definitions much easier than complicated german ones!)
EtTaRi Thanks for the kind words! Yeah, phonetics is a lot of fun, and the IPA is really awesome. I hope that students now get some use out of it, even if it's not quite in time for you. Thanks for watching!
Thank you
I LOVE YOUR L PLUSHIE AHHHHHJHJHJHUHJHUH
Hasta luego!!
His English so awsome thank you for this infomation this was a cool video tips.
This is really good. Thanks for your help! :-)
Is it a wug on the shelf?
Thank you for the video ! Please note that you are not pronouncing 'Xhosa' correctly.
ye its pronounced Howsa
+The Grim no
+Mvume Mdidimba Then how
+Mvume Mdidimba Most of my family are fluent in xhosa and thats how they say it.
isn't this conversation the point of IPA to settle this discussion?