Equality Debate: Power and Progress, with Daron Acemoglu

On Monday 6 November 2023, the World Inequality Lab invited Daron Acemoglu, co-author of Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity.
Presentation of the book 00:02:30
Questions et answers with Lucas Chancel and Thomas Piketty 00:32:30
More information on the Equality Debates: inequalitylab....

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The relationship between power and progress is a critical aspect of the equality debate, and it's one that raises profound questions about how societies are structured and how power is distributed. The idea of progress is often associated with improvements in technology, economy, and social conditions, yet the way power is concentrated in certain hands can either foster or hinder that progress. In discussions about equality, understanding how power dynamics influence progress-and how progress can be used to redistribute power-is essential.
Power, in its various forms, can significantly shape the direction of progress. In societies where power is concentrated in the hands of a few, progress may be limited or skewed in ways that benefit those already in positions of privilege. This can manifest in the political, economic, and social spheres. For example, economic inequality often results from power imbalances, where those in control of financial systems and resources can use their influence to ensure that wealth continues to flow toward the top, often at the expense of the lower classes. In such cases, progress in terms of technological or economic growth might not translate into social advancement for everyone, particularly marginalized groups.
One of the key elements of the equality debate is the idea that progress should not be limited to just economic growth or technological innovation but should encompass broader human development-such as education, healthcare, and social mobility. True progress, from an equality standpoint, means breaking down the barriers that prevent certain groups from fully participating in society and enjoying the benefits of that growth. This involves questioning and challenging the existing power structures that have historically perpetuated discrimination, exclusion, and inequality.
The connection between power and progress also brings to light the role of activism, social movements, and policy reform in challenging the status quo. Progress in the fight for equality often requires a redistribution of power or at least a rethinking of how power is structured. Movements advocating for racial, gender, economic, and social justice have historically sought to dismantle systems that keep certain groups at a disadvantage, seeking to level the playing field so that all individuals have equal access to opportunities for advancement.
However, the tension between power and progress becomes evident when those in power resist change. There are vested interests in maintaining the current power structures, which can delay or even block progress. Whether in the form of political lobbying, media control, or economic power, those who stand to lose from a more equitable society often work to preserve the status quo. This is where the struggle for equality becomes not just about advocating for progress, but also challenging entrenched systems of power that work to prevent it.
On a more optimistic note, progress can also be a powerful tool for empowering disadvantaged groups and promoting equality. Advancements in technology, education, and policy can help create opportunities for those who have been excluded from the benefits of society. For example, access to education, healthcare, and digital technology can enable individuals from marginalized communities to access the same opportunities for advancement as those from more privileged backgrounds. Progress in these areas can dismantle power imbalances by providing the tools needed for greater participation in society, ensuring that everyone has a stake in shaping the future.
In conclusion, the debate between power and progress is at the heart of discussions about equality. Progress cannot be fully realized without addressing the underlying power structures that create and perpetuate inequality. True progress involves the redistribution of power in ways that allow all individuals, regardless of their background, to fully participate in society and benefit from its advancements. As we continue to push for equality, we must not only advocate for progress in terms of technology and economics but also ensure that it leads to a more just, inclusive, and equitable society.

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